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Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Two Different Nitrogen Efficiency Maize Varieties in Response to Nitrogen Reduction LI Chuan, ZHANG Panpan, ZHANG Meiwei, NIU Jun, ZHAO Xia, HE Guanhua, QIAO Jiangfang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (9): 10-24.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.09.002 Abstract （2017）      PDF （7133KB）（104）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the differentially expressed genes（DEGs）in Weike 518（WK518）with high nitrogen efficiency and Nongda108（ND108） with low nitrogen efficiency under nitrogen reduction condition and their functions，the ear⁃leaf samples were collected from WK518 and ND108 at mid filling stage under normal nitrogen fertilizer application rate（225 kg/ha nitrogen,HN）and low nitrogen fertilizer application rate（0 kg/hanitrogen,LN）,and used for high⁃throughput RNA sequencing. Then the GO term and KEGG metabolic pathway of DEGs were analyzed from different compared groups，and the differentially expressed transcription factor families were analyzed. The results showed that 2 065 up⁃regulated DEGs and 2 319 down⁃regulated DEGs were detected between WK518 and ND108 under LN condition,2 368 up⁃regulated DEGs and 3 780 down⁃regulated DEGs were detected under HN condition;1 009 up⁃regulated DEGs and 2 268 down⁃regulated DEGs were detected in WK518 under different nitrogen application rates,and 364 up⁃regulated DEGs and 510 down⁃regulated DEGs were detected in ND108 under different nitrogen application rates.Under LN condition,DEGs between WK518 and ND108 were mainly enriched in uroporphyrin⁃Ⅲ C⁃methyltransferase activity,mannose⁃6⁃phosphate isomerase activity,oxidation⁃reduction process,mitochondrion organization,nuclear chromatin and other GO terms,and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism,phenylalaninemetabolism,monoterpenoid biosynthesis,glycine/serine and threonine metabolism,base excision repair and other KEGG pathways. Under HN condition，DEGs between WK518 and ND108 were mainly enriched in stomatal closure,transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity,chloroplast stroma，thylakoid,chloroplast envelope and other GO terms,and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms，amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism,glycolysis/gluconeogenesis,β⁃alanine metabolism,photosynthesis⁃antenna proteins and other KEGG pathways.DEGs in WK518 were mainly enriched in response to chitin,protein phosphorylation，membrane，indole glucosinolate metabolic process，galactinol⁃sucrose galactosyltransferase and other GO terms,and carbon fixation in photosynthetic origination,plant hormone signal transduction,protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum,plant⁃pathogen interaction,MAPK signaling pathway⁃plant and other KEGG pathways under different nitrogen application rates.DEGs in ND108 were mainly enriched in response to water deprivation,toxin catabolic process,chitinase activity,trehalose biosynthetic process,trehalose⁃phosphatase activity and other GO terms,and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,MAPK signaling pathway⁃plant，prodigiosin biosynthesis,zeatin biosynthesis,biotin metabolism and other KEGG pathways under different nitrogen application rates.Fifty⁃eight differentially expressed transcription factor families were detected in WK518 and ND108 under different nitrogen application rates,including GRAS,bHLH,MYB⁃related,NAC,C3H,ERF,C2H2,WRKY,FAR1 transcription factor families and so on,which were very important in plants growth,development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factors Differentially Expressed in Maize under Drought⁃Rewatering Treatment FU Jiaxu, YAN Yali, XIE Xiaowen, ZHANG Xinyue, WEN Pengfei, GUAN Xiaokang, WANG Tongchao, WEI Li Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 9-19.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.002 Abstract （1399）      PDF （4139KB）（188）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore WRKY transcription factors related to drought resistance in maize（ Zea mays），differentially expressed WRKY genes were identified under drought⁃rewatering treatment，and their physicochemical characteristics，phylogenetic evolution，chromosome distribution，gene duplication，gene structure，conserved motif，cis⁃elements in promoter region and gene expression level were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 51 differentially expressed ZmWRKY genes were identified，the amino acid number，molecular weight and isoelectric point of 51 ZmWRKY proteins ranged from 99 to 729 aa，11.22 to 78.73 ku，and 4.58 to 12.26，respectively.ZmWRKY genes were divided into three groups Ⅰ，Ⅱ and Ⅲ，ZmWRKY genes of group Ⅱ were divided into Ⅱa，Ⅱb，Ⅱc，Ⅱd and Ⅱe.ZmWRKY genes were unequally distributed on 10 chromosomes，including 2 pairs of tandem duplication and 16 pairs of segmental duplication.The ZmWRKY genes contained 1—12 exons，most of ZmWRKY proteins（41）contained 2—4 conserved motifs，and WRKY members in the same group had similar motif compositions.Many cis⁃elements related to plant hormone and abiotic stress，such as ABRE，AuxRR⁃core，TCA⁃element，TC⁃rich repeats，TGACG⁃motif，LTR，MBS，TATC⁃box，P⁃box，CGTCA⁃motif，GC⁃motif，TGA⁃element and GARE⁃motif were identified in ZmWRKY gene promotor region.Under drought⁃rewatering treatment，51 ZmWRKY genes exhibited different expression patterns，among them，fifteen genes positively responded to drought stress，including ZmWRKY1，ZmWRKY10，ZmWRKY16， ZmWRKY28， ZmWRKY30， ZmWRKY33， ZmWRKY42， ZmWRKY65， ZmWRKY68， ZmWRKY78， ZmWRKY96，ZmWRKY99，ZmWRKY100，ZmWRKY102 and ZmWRKY111，and one gene negatively responded to drought stress，which were candidate genes for further study of drought response in ZmWRKY family. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Differentially Expressed bHLH Genes in Maize under Drought‑Rewatering Treatments XIE Xiaowen, ZHANG Xinyue, FU Jiaxu, SHAO Jing, WEN Pengfei, WANG Tongchao, WEI Li Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 33-44.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.004 Abstract （1248）      PDF （5798KB）（90）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore bHLH transcription factors related to drought resistance in maize（ Zea mays），differentially expressed bHLH genes were identified under drought‑rewatering treatment，and physicochemical characteristics，phylogenetic evolution，chromosome distribution，gene duplication，gene structure，conserved motif，cis‑elements in promoter region and gene expression were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 51 differentially expressed bHLH genes were identified in maize under drought‑rewatering treatment，the amino acid number，molecular weight and isoelectric point of 51 bHLH proteins ranged from 80 to 705 aa，21.26 to 92.17 ku，and 4.54 to 12.41，respectively.bHLH genes were divided into 16 subgroups，Ⅺ subgroup was the largest，containing 9 bHLH proteins；Ⅵ，Ⅷ，Ⅸ and ⅩⅢ subgroups were the smallest，containing 1 bHLH protein each. bHLH genes were distributed unevenly on 10 chromosomes，among which 7 pairs of genes had replication relationships.The number of exons varied greatly，9 bHLH genes contained 1 exon，27 bHLH genes contained 2—5 exons，and 15 bHLH genes contained 6 or more exons；Motif 1 and Motif 2 appeared more frequently in the conserved motifs of bHLH protein，followed by Motif 3 and Motif 5，with Motif 6 and Motif 9 appeared least frequently.The promoter region of bHLH genes contained many cis‑acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stress，such as ABRE，GARE‑motif，P‑box，AuxRR‑core，MBS，TGACG‑motif，CGTCA‑motif，TCA‑rich，TGA‑element and TCA‑element. Under drought‑rewatering treatment，51 bHLH genes exhibited different expression patterns，among them，14 genes such as ZmbHLH20，ZmbHLH25，ZmbHLH9，ZmbHLH137and ZmbHLH178 positively responded to drought stress，and 14 genes such as ZmbHLH58，ZmbHLH87， ZmbHLH36 and ZmbHLH106 negatively responded to drought stress，which were candidate genes for further study of drought response in maize bHLH family. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison and Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality of 20 Potato Varieties ZHANG Fan, LI Yuan, CHEN Mengru, XING Yingying, WANG Xiukang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 28-36.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.004 Abstract （1202）      PDF （1368KB）（216）       Knowledge map    Save The tuber yield per plant，starch content，reducing sugar content，soluble sugar content，vitamin C content and protein content of 20 potato varieties were analyzed，and the comprehensive evaluation of quality was done by principal component analysis，membership function method and cluster analysis，so as to screen out potato varieties with good quality and suitable for different processing purposes and cultivation in Yulin City. The results showed that there were great differences in quality indexes among different potato varieties.The variation coefficients of tuber yield per plant，starch content，reducing sugar content，soluble sugar content，vitamin C content and protein content were 46.76%，50.07%，50.66%，64.79%，33.72% and 68.10% respectively.The tuber yield per plant and starch content of Longshu 11 were the highest，the reducing sugar content of LZ112 was the highest，the soluble sugar content of Longshu 9 was the highest，the vitamin C content and protein content of Laohongpi were the highest.The results of principal component analysis showed that the quality indexes of 20 potato varieties could be expressed by four principal components（the cumulative variance contribution rate was 90.448%），and the representative indexes of each component were protein content，starch content，soluble sugar content and reducing sugar content respectively. Then，comprehensive evaluation was carried out by membership function method and cluster analysis.The results showed that seven varieties with better quality were screened out，accounted for 35.0% of the tested varieties，one variety（Dingshu 3）could be used for both vegetable and starch processing，one variety（Ganyinshu 1）could be used for whole flour processing and fried food processing，one variety（Longshu 11）could be used for starch processing after large⁃scale cultivation，two varieties（L08104⁃12 and Feurita）could be processed as whole flour，and two varieties（Jizhangshu 12 and Longshu 9）could be used for fried food processing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Materials on the Growth of Guizhou Alpine Cabbage WEI Quanquan, GOU Jiulan, ZHANG Meng, LIU Lingling, GU Xiaofeng, CHEN Long Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (6): 76-84.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.008 Abstract （1053）      PDF （1417KB）（61）       Knowledge map    Save A field experiment was conducted in Weining County，Bijie City，Guizhou Province in 2021，to explore the application effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and combined application of different organic materials on Guizhou alpine cold vegetable cabbage. Three nitrogen（N）fertilizer gradients（100%N，85%N and 70%N）were applied with organic materials［biochar（B）and commercial organic fertilizer （O），6 000 kg/ha］to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and organic materials application on the yield，nutrient absorption，fertilizer utilization，quality and economic benefit of cabbage.The results showed that when nitrogen fertilizer was not reduced，compared with the single application of nitrogen fertilizer（100%N），the combined application of biochar（100%NB）and commercial organic fertilizer（100%NO）could increase the yield of cabbage by 5 544 and 6 433 kg/ha，with an increase of 7.16% and 8.31% respectively，and the net income increased by 5 299 and 6 476 Yuan/ha，with an increase of 6.47% and 7.91% respectively.The accumulation，agronomic efficiency and recovery efficiency of nitrogen（N），phosphorus（P2O5）and potassium（K2O）were higher than those of 100%N.After applying organic materials，the nitrate content of cabbage decreased significantly，and the contents of soluble sugar，vitamin C，free amino acids and protein increased. When the nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 15%，the yield，output value，net income，nutrient accumulation，quality，agronomic efficiency and recovery efficiency of N，P 2O 5 and K2O treated with biochar（85%NB）and commercial organic fertilizer（85%NO）were equivalent to those treated with 100%N（the difference was not significant），which could stabilize and increase yield，and the effect of commercial organic fertilizer was better than biochar.When nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 30%，even if biochar（70%NB） and commercial organic fertilizer（70%NO）were applied，the yield，output value，net income，nutrient accumulation，quality，fertilizer utilization rate of cabbage decreased compared with 100%N treatment.In summary，in the high altitude cold vegetable area of Guizhou，the application of biochar or commercial organic fertilizer can replace 15% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer，and the substitution effect of commercial organic fertilizer is better than biochar.It is suggested that the input of nitrogen fertilizer in this area is 191.25 kg/ha，and 6 000 kg/ha organic materials should be applied at the same time，and commercial organic fertilizer is more appropriate. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Crop Leaf Diseases Based on Improved MobileNetV2 Model WANG Huanxin, SHEN Zhihao, LIU Quan, LIU Jinjiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 143-151.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.017 Abstract （1050）      PDF （2715KB）（177）       Knowledge map    Save In order to achieve convenient recognition of crop leaf disease images based on mobile，improve the efficiency of crop disease recognition and thus better guide crop disease control，a crop disease recognition model was established based on an improved lightweight convolutional neural network MobileNetV2.First，a crop dataset containing 15 types of diseased leaves and 4 types of healthy leaves was created and the data was balanced using data enhancement operations.Second，based on the improvement of MobileNetV2，efficient channel attention（ECA）and attentional feature fusion（AFF）were introduced，and the redundant layers were removed by model pruning，and a high⁃performance lightweight crop disease recognition model was proposed.The results showed that the number of parameters of the improved MobileNetV2 model was reduced by 15.37% compared with that of MobileNetV2，while the recognition accuracy was improved by 0.9 percentage points to 98.4% compared with that before the improvement.Compared with the classical convolutional neural network models such as EfficientNet⁃b0 and ShuffleNetV2⁃0. 5X，the improved model not only had the highest recognition accuracy，but also had a faster convergence rate during training. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cabbage Yield and Nutrient Utilization under Substitution of Organic Manure for Fertilizer in Vegetable‑Rice Rotation in Lateritic Red Soil ZHANG Licheng, LI Juan, ZHANG Mingqing, GU Zuchao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 87-95.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.010 Abstract （1014）      PDF （1265KB）（71）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization，the cabbage breed Zhonggan 8 was taken as the test material，and field experiments were carried out in the vegetable‑rice rotation area in southern Fujian with five fertilization treatments（customary fertilization，recommended fertilization，organic manure substitution of 25% fertilizer，organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer，organic manure substitution of 100% fertilizer） and no fertilization treatment（control，CK）.The effects of different treatments on yield and nutrient utilization of cabbage were studied.The results showed that substitution of organic manure for fertilizer could promote the growth of cabbage ball.The weight and compactness of cabbage ball in organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments. Through the analysis of cabbage yield under different fertilization treatments，the highest yield was 3 824.13 kg/ha in the treatment of organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer，which was significantly higher than that in the treatment of organic manure substitution of 25% fertilizer，organic manure substitution of 100% fertilizer，customary fertilization and no fertilization，but compared with the recommended fertilization treatment there was no significant difference.The treatment of organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer and the treatment of organic manure substitution of 25% fertilizer had higher nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rates，which were 40.82% and 30.82% respectively.Compared with the customary fertilization，the treatment of organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer increased the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of cabbage by 13.14 percentage point.By comprehensive analysis of cabbage yield and nutrient utilization efficiency，organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer is recommended as the application amount in cabbage production of vegetable and rice rotation in the lateritic red soil of southern Fujian Province. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Apple Leaf Diseases Identification Based on Improved Residual Network CHEN Cong, YU Xiao, GONG Qi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 152-161.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.018 Abstract （979）      PDF （5367KB）（192）       Knowledge map    Save Apple leaf diseases are similar in morphology and different in spot size，and traditional methods relying on labor and agricultural experts to identify them are inefficient. In view of this，this study proposed an apple disease identification model REP⁃ResNet based on improved residual network.This model was improved by adopting the order adjustment of residual structure（that was bath normalization，activation function，convolutional layer），and adding the efficient channel attention and parallel convolution based on the baseline model ResNet⁃50.During the training process，the model weight parameters pretrained in the public dataset PlantVillage were transferred to the above network model for retraining，which aimed to accelerate the convergence speed of the network and improve the recognition ability of the model.Data expansion was used to solve the problem of uneven samples during training.The results showed that the recognition accuracy of the REP⁃ResNet model was 2.41 percentage points higher than that of the benchmark network model.The model was trained by transfer learning，and the accuracy rate of apple leaf disease recognition in complex backgrounds reached 97. 69%. Compared with traditional convolutional neural networks，the recognition effect was greatly improved. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of Safe Maize Varieties of Heavy Metals in Cadmium Arsenic Contaminated Farmland CHAI Guanqun, ZHOU Lixing, WANG Li, LIU Guihua, QIN Song, CAO Yan, FAN Chengwu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (10): 74-85.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.10.009 Abstract （956）      PDF （1776KB）（67）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the differences in the accumulation ability of Cd and As in the grains of different maize varieties and the effects of variety and environment，and to screen out maize varieties with low accumulation of Cd and As in grains，50 local maize varieties in Qixingguan District，Bijie City were used as materials. The differences in the accumulation of Cd and As in maize grains were studied by field experiment in the Cd and As combined polluted farmland of location T and location Y in Qixingguan District.The results showed that variety，environment and their interaction had significant effects on Cd and As contents in maize grains.The contents of Cd and As in maize grains were significantly different，which were generally Cd>As.The grain As content of 50 maize varieties in location T and location Y was significantly lower than the limit of As in food（0.7 mg/kg，NY 861—2004）and the limit of As in feed（2.0 mg/kg，GB 13078—2017）.The grain Cd content of 50 maize varieties in location T and location Y was significantly lower than the limit of Cd in feed（1.0 mg/kg，GB 13078—2017）.The six varieties （Xinzhongyu 801，Jinduyu No.2，Jinduyu 808，Kangnongyu 109，Tongyu No.3，Yudan No.7）planted in location T and location Y had strong stability，and their Cd contents were higher than the limit of Cd in food（0.05 mg/kg，NY 861—2004）.In addition，the Cd content in Jinxiang 369 was also higher than the limit of Cd in food（0.05 mg/kg，NY 861—2004）. In summary，50 maize varieties could be planted as feed materials in Cd and As combined polluted farmland in the study area，Xinzhongyu 801，Jinduyu No.2，Jinduyu 808，Kangnongyu 109，Tongyu No.3，Yudan No.7，Jinxiang 369 could not be planted as food，while other maize varieties could be planted as food. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and Identification of Antagonistic Endophytic Bacteria against Asparagus Stem Blight SU Zhuowen, LU Caige, CAI Shulin, ZHANG Taotao, DONG Dan, ZHAO Juan, ZHANG Dianpeng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (10): 106-113.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.10.012 Abstract （950）      PDF （3081KB）（113）       Knowledge map    Save To obtain endophytic antagonists efficiently inhibiting asparagus stem blight （Phomopsis asparagi），52 strains of endophytic bacteria were isolated from the roots of wild asparagus collected in Miyun District of Beijing and were tested for their bio‑control activity against Phomopsis asparagi using the dual culture method and greenhouse experiments. The results showed that three strains of endophytic bacteria with good inhibitory effects were obtained，and the inhibition rates were 63.70%—85.00%.Among them the strain YS‑G10 displayed the highest antagonistic activity and the inhibition rate against Phomopsis asparagi was up to 85.00%.The strain YS‑G10 could also effectively inhibit asparagus stem blight in the greenhouse experiment and the control effect was 73.44%.Biocontrol‑related character assays showed that the strain was capable of producing protease and cellulase，suggesting that the strain YS‑G10 may control asparagus stem blight by secreting hydrolysis enzymes such as protease and cellulase to destory the cell wall of pathogenic fungi or inhibit the production of pathogenic toxins.By using morphological，physiological，biochemical tests and phylogenetic tree analysis based on 16S rDNA and gyrB sequences，the strain YS‑G10 was identified as Bacillus velezensis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Accumulation Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Grains of Different Wheat Varieties in Contaminated Calcareous Soil WANG Qiuhong, SHI Qianru, PENG Aihua, SHANG Yanping, SUN Fawei, LIANG Xiaodong, YANG Suqin, ZHANG Biao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (10): 72-81.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.10.008 Abstract （930）      PDF （1705KB）（71）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen suitable wheat varieties for safe production in polluted soil，17 common wheat varieties were selected as test materials and cultivated in polluted calcareous soil in northern Henan Province. The accumulation status of heavy metals cadmium（Cd），lead（Pb），iron（Fe），manganese（Mn），copper（Cu）and zinc（Zn）in grains were compared，and available heavy metal content in the rhizosphere soil of each variety as well as its correlation with the elemental content of grains were analyzed.The results showed that the Cd content in the soil in the experimental site was 2.17 mg/kg，which belonged to safe utilization soil according to Soil Environmental Quality— Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land（GB 15618—2018）.There were significant differences in grain Cd content among different wheat varieties，B10 had the lowest Cd content（0.12 mg/kg），followed by YK048，and the grain Cd content of YZ4110 was the highest. Cd content in the grains of various wheat varieties all exceeded the limit value（0.10 mg/kg） in National Food Safety Standards— Limits for Pollutants in Food（GB 2762—2017）.In terms of Pb content in grains，there was no significant difference among varieties，and all of them were lower than the limit value（0.20 mg/kg）in National Food Safety Standards— Limits for Pollutants in Food（GB 2762—2017）. It was found that the ratio of available Cd to total Cd in the experimental site was relatively higher，reaching 46%. There was a extremely significant positive correlation between soil available Cd content and grain Cd content. Fe and Zn are antagonistic elements to Cd，amony the wheat varieties selected in this study，the ratio of total content of Fe and Zn to Cd content in the grains of Y048，B10，B4199 and X979 was higher. Therefore，they should be recommended as priority varieties，and soil control measures should be taken to achieve safe production. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Control Effect of the Mixture of Mesosulfuron⁃methyl and Pinoxaden on Aegilops tauschii and Lolium multiflorum in Wheat Field WU Renhai, XU Hongle, SUN Lanlan, SU Wangcang, WEI Hongmei, XUE Fei, LU Chuantao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (6): 103-110.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.011 Abstract （893）      PDF （1384KB）（85）       Knowledge map    Save To develop effective herbicides to control Aegilops tauschii and Lolium multiflorum in wheat fields，the synergistic effect of mesosulfuron⁃methyl mixed with pinoxaden was determined by indoor and field trials.The results of indoor test showed that when mesosulfuron⁃methyl∶pinoxaden was 1∶1，1∶2，1∶3，1∶4，1∶6，the cotoxicity coefficient（CTC） to control Lolium multiflorum was 37.37，189.10，287. 08，259.37，101.80，respectively，indicating that when the ratio of mesosulfuron⁃methyl and pinoxaden was 1∶2—1∶4，it had a significant synergistic effect. When mesosulfuron⁃methyl was mixed with 1，2，4，8 times of pinoxaden，the control effects on A.tauschii were 1.50，1.76，3.66 and 5.65 times of mesosulfuron⁃methyl. When the mixture of mesosulfuron⁃methyl and pinoxaden（1∶4）was at the dosage of（30+120），（60+240），（120+480）g/ha，the inhibition rate on wheat was 10. 28%—34.43%，and the addition of the safener mefenpyr⁃diethyl could restore the growth of wheat to the normal level（spraying water）.The control effect on A. tauschii with the mixed treatment of 3% mesosulfuron⁃methyl OD18 g/ha+5% pinoxaden EC 45—67.5 g/ha was 89. 28%—91. 83%，which was significantly higher than that with 3% methyldisulfuron OD 18 g/ha（83.28%）.The results of regional test showed that the treatment of 3% mesosulfuron⁃methyl OD 13.5 g/ha+5% pinoxaden EC 54 g/ha generated fresh weight control effect of 99.79% on L.multiflorum and wheat yield increased by 17.43%. Above all，the mixture of mesosulfuron⁃methyl and pinoxaden has a good application prospect in controlling A. tauschii and L. multiflorum. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation Analysis between Protein Content and Agronomic Traits of Foxtail Millet FENG Lian, TIAN Xiang, QIAO Zhijun, WANG Haigang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (6): 43-53.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.005 Abstract （893）      PDF （1989KB）（115）       Knowledge map    Save The correlation between the agronomic traits（quality traits：seedling leaf color，tillering，leaf sheath color，panicle type，ear tightness，bristle length，shape of panicle neck，hull color，grain color；quantitative traits：main stem length，main panicle length，diameter of main stem，node number of main stem，main panicle diameter，panicle weight per plant，grain weight per plant）and grain protein content of 83 Shanxi foxtail millet cultivars including landraces and bred cultivars was studied，and principal component analysis and cluster analysis were done，so as to provide theoretical basis for the selection of germplasm with high protein content in millet breeding.The results showed that the variation coefficient of grain protein content of foxtail millet was the lowest（9.00%），whereas the variation coefficient of grain weight per plant was the highest（30.75%）.The order of variation coefficient of all the quantitative traits was grain weight per plant>panicle weight per plant>main panicle length>main panicle diameter>main stem length>node number of main stem>diameter of main stem>protein content.Correlation analysis result showed that grain protein content was significantly negatively correlated with main stem length，node number of main stem，main stem diameter，panicle weight per plant，grain weight per plant and leaf sheath color，and significantly positively correlated with bristle length and grain color.The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first eight principal components was 80.643%，which could be used to express most of the information of millet protein content and agronomic traits. All the foxtail millet cultivars were divided into four categories by cluster analysis.The first group was bred cultivars，which had the smallest main stem length，node number of main stem and bristle length，and the largest diameter of main stem，showing lodging resistance potential.The second group mainly consisted of landraces，which had the highest protein content. The main panicle length and grain weight per plant were the highest in the third group. The fourth group was mainly composed of bred cultivars with the highest main stem length，node number of main stem and panicle weight per plant. In the future，more attention should be paid to the utilization of the landraces with low main stem length，panicle weight per plant，and grain weight per plant during the breeding of foxtail millet cultivars with high protein content. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation，Identification and Determination of Control Effect of Antagonistic Microorganisms against Sesame Fusarium Wilt CHANG Shuxian, MA Qin, QU Wenwen, ZHANG Haiyang, MIAO Hongmei, DUAN Yinghui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 84-91.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.010 Abstract （841）      PDF （1731KB）（129）       Knowledge map    Save Sesame Fusarium wilt（SFW），caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami（FOS），is one of destructive fungal diseases in sesame. In order to screen antagonistic microorganisms for the biocontrol of SFW，the isolation，purification and antagonistic effect test of rhizospheric microorganisms were carried out by using root soil samples of sesame，hispid arthraxon and Chinese violet from different ecological regions in China. And the control effect of important antagonists on SFW at seedling stage was verified by pot experiment. Furthermore，the antagonistic strains were identified through morphological observation，physiological and biochemical characteristics assay and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.The results showed that a total of 1 077 bacteria，515 fungi，and 554 actinomycetes strains were isolated from 33 soil samples from six provinces in China，and 17 bacteria，10 fungi，and 51 actinomycetes were screened with antagonistic effect against F.oxysporum strains.Among them two bacterial isolates，SF3⁃33 and SF4⁃11 had the most significant antagonistic effect with maximum antagonistic distance being 1.0 cm，and their maximum control effects on SFW caused by the high pathogenic FOS strains reached 83.74% and 63.13% respectively.Further，SF3⁃33 was identified as Bacillus licheniformis，while SF4⁃11 was as Paenibacillus peoriae.In conclusion，a large number of rhizosphere microorganisms are screened，which can inhibit the mycelial growth of F.oxysporum.Among them，two bacterial strains SF3⁃33 and SF4⁃11 can significantly reduce the occurrence of SFW at seedling stage，which provides the important materials with application potential for further exploring the biological control technology of SFW. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Automatic Extraction Algorithm of Farmland Flood Disaster Information Based on Remote Sensing WANG Laigang, XU Shaobo, LI Shimin, GUO Yan, CHENG Yongzheng, HE Jia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (11): 163-170.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.11.019 Abstract （798）      PDF （11315KB）（39）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the efficiency of information extraction of farmland flood disaster，an effective method of automatic extraction of water body from remote sensing images was explored.The flood disaster in Xunxian County，Henan Province in late July 2021 was taken as the research object，and the NDWI（normalized difference water index），MNDWI（modified normalized difference water index），MBWI（multi‑band water index） and B12 band of Sentinel‑2 remote sensing data were taken as the multi‑dimensional characteristics before，during and after the disaster，and the multi‑dimensional unsupervised water body automatic extraction method was used to extract the water body area.At the same time，Canny‑Edge‑Otsu automatic water body extraction method was used to segment MBWI，MNDWI，NDWI and the HV polarization band of GF‑3 data respectively to extract farmland flood disaster information，and the accuracies of different data sources and methods to extract farmland flood disaster information were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the multi‑dimensional unsupervised water body automatic extraction method integrated various water body indexes and bands as multi‑dimensional features，and the extraction errors of pre‑disaster and disaster water bodies were 6.99% and 7.45% respectively，which were lower than those of Canny‑Edge‑Otsu automatic water body extraction method. By comparing NDWI，MBWI and MNDWI，MBWI had the smallest extraction error and NDWI had the largest extraction error，but buildings and cloud shadow areas were easily mistaken for water bodies.The error of flood extraction based on GF‑3 after the disaster was 15.57%，which was larger than Sentinel‑2 image.However，GF‑3 remote sensing image was not affected by cloud and rain weather，so it provided a strong data support in emergency monitoring of flood disaster. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic and Quality Traits of 48 Germplasm Resources of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. WANG Xiaojie, LI Meixia, TAO Lei, ZHANG Bo, HE Xinru, MI Jia, DAI Guoli, XU Wendi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 78-90.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.008 Abstract （784）      PDF （3738KB）（81）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the genetic diversity of 18 phenotypic and quality traits（15 quantitative traits and 3 qualitative traits）of 48 germplasm resources of L.ruthenicum Murr.，descriptive statistics analysis，principal component analysis，correlation analysis and clustering analysis were performed.The results showed that the germplasm resources of L.ruthenicum Murr.were rich in genetic diversity.The genetic diversity index of quantitative traits was 1.431—2.095，and the variation coefficient was 19%—189%.The highest diversity index was longitudinal diameter of fruit，followed by transverse diameter of fruit，branch diameter，branch length，number of ripe fruits per branch and leaf width；The genetic diversityindex of quality traits was 0.745—1.007，the fruit shape had the highest diversity index，the diversity index of leaf shape was 0. 948，fruit color diversity index was 0.745.The results of the first six principal component analysis showed that longitudinal diameter of fruit，fruit color，leaf area，anthocyanin content，transverse diameter of fruit and branch diameter could be used as the main indexes to reflect the yield and quality of L.ruthenicum Murr.，with a cumulative contribution rate of 80.09%.The correlation analysis found that 15 pairs of traits reached the highly significant correlation level（ P<0.01），and 14 pairs were positively correlated and 1 pair was negatively correlated，transverse diameter of fruit，average single fresh fruit weight and number of blades showed very significant positive correlation between each other（ P<0.01），anthocyanin content，fruit color and number of ripe fruits per branch also showed very significant positive correlation between each other（ P<0. 01），fruit stalk length and fruit shape，fruit color，anthocyanins concentration and branch diameter showed significant negative correlation（ P<0. 01）.Based on genetic differences of traits between germplasms，48 germplasm resources were clustered into 6 categories，and the clustering results had a strong correlation with the distribution of sample communities.In conclusion，the genetic diversity of main phenotypic and quality traits in 48 germplasm resources of L. ruthenicum Murr.is rich. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Different Cultivars Groups of Herbaceous Peony Germplasm Resources WANG Huijuan, WANG Erqiang, FU Zhenzhu, LI Yanmin, WANG Xiaohui, WANG Zhanying, YUAN Xin, GAO Jie, WANG Limin, ZHANG Hechen Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (12): 110-121.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.12.013 Abstract （763）      PDF （2859KB）（72）       Knowledge map    Save 109 herbaceous peony germplasm resources from different cultivar groups were used to study the diversity of 38 phenotypic traits（4 quantitative traits，27 qualitative polymorphism traits and 7 qualitative binary traits）by the analysis of variance，coefficient of variation analysis，correlation analysis，principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that the phenotypic traits of 109 herbaceous peony germplasm resources had a high degree of variation and rich genetic diversity.Among them，the average variation coefficient of quantitative traits was 17.59%，with the largest variation coefficient for plant height（24.71%）.The average Shannon‑Wiener index of quantitative traits was 2.00，and plant height had the maximum value（2.10）.The average of Shannon‑wiener index in qualitative indexes（1.06）was less than that in quantitative traits，and the Shannon‑Wiener index of flower color was the highest（1.82），followed by that of flower type（1.67）.The results of correlation and principal component analysis showed that there were 67 pairs of extremely significant correlation and 53 pairs of significant correlation among the characters. The cumulative contribution rate of first 14 principal components was 69.905%.Plant height，plant type，stigma size，flowering time and stem state were the main traits affecting the phenotypic differences of herbaceous peony. Hierarchical clustering divided herbaceous peony germplasm resources into four groups.Phenotypic traits such as plant height，plant type，flower color，and leaf margin sawtooth were closely related to variety clustering. Groups 1—3 were mainly traditional peony varieties of China.The herbaceous peony germplasm resources introduced from abroad belonged to three cultivars groups and clustered into one group alone，which had quite different phenotypic traits（thick stems and half‑opened plant types） from the traditional varieties of China.This clustering result reflected the difference of provenance and long‑term breeding objectives to a certain extent. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Citrus Diseases Based on Improved ShuffleNet V2 YU Yannan, MO Yongbin, YAN Jichi, XIONG Chunlin, DOU Shiqing, YANG Rongfeng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (1): 142-151.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.01.016 Abstract （750）      PDF （3756KB）（42）       Knowledge map    Save Large convolutional neural networks are difficult to deploy in practical applications because of the complexity of models，while lightweight networks are often less accurate than the former because of the optimization of model structure. To solve these problems，ShuffleNet V2 was improved and a lightweight MAM‑ShuffleNet citrus disease recognition model was proposed. Firstly，the mixed attention module（MAM）was introduced in ShuffleNet V2 to improve the ability of the model to extract disease features. Secondly，Ghost module was used to optimize the convolutional layer in the network，which effectively reduced the number of network model parameters and calculation cost. Finally，the stacking times of ShuffleNet V2 unit in the network structure were adjusted to further simplify the network parameters. The results showed that the average recognition accuracy of MAM‑ShuffleNet model reached 97.7% in the self‑built citrus leaf data. Compared with the original ShuffleNet V2，the number of parameters was reduced by 45.7%，and the recognition accuracy was increased by 1.2 percentage points.The comprehensive performance was better than ResNet50 and DenseNet121 models. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Cd Absorption Characteristics and Edible Safety Evaluation of Different Varieties of Potato Tubers CHAI Guanqun, ZHOU Lixing, WANG Li, LIU Guihua, QIN Song, CAO Yan, FAN Chengwu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (3): 73-81.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.03.008 Abstract （749）      PDF （1379KB）（67）       Knowledge map    Save Field experiments were conducted in Cd‑contaminated farmland in T and Y locations of northwest Guizhou. Twenty one common potato varieties in northwest Guizhou were used as research objects to analyze the effect of varieties and environment，and to explore the Cd absorption characteristics and edible safety of different varieties of potato tubers，in order to provide practical reference for the safe planting of potatoes in northwest Guizhou. The results showed that the yield of different potato varieties in Y location ranged from 3 564.3 kg/ha to 15 271.8 kg/ha，with an average of 9 200.1 kg/ha.The yield of different potato varieties in T location ranged from 1 825.9 kg/ha to 16 305.6 kg/ha，with an average of 6 754.0 kg/ha. Zhuanxinwu in T and Y locations had the highest potato tuber yield.Variety，environment and their interaction had significant effects on potato tuber yield.The Cd content in tubers of different potato varieties in Y location ranged from 0.061 to 0.153 mg/kg，with an average of 0.094 mg/kg.The Cd content in tubers of different potato varieties in T location ranged from 0.055 to 0.111 mg/kg，with an average of 0.080 mg/kg.Variety，environment and their interaction had significant effects on Cd content in potato tubers.The standard exceeding rates of Cd in 21 potato varieties tested in Y and T locations were 38.09% and 14.29%，respectively.The Cd content in tubers of Qingshu 9 was the lowest in both Y and T.The edible safety evaluation showed that eating Cd‑excessive potato varieties had less risk to human health，but considering the Cd content in tubers，it is suggested that the varieties of potato with excessive Cd content should be used as industrial raw materials more safely. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Millet Disease Identification Based on Transfer Learning and Residual Network ZHANG Hongtao, LUO Yiming, TAN Lian, YANG Jiapeng, WANG Yu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (12): 162-171.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.12.018 Abstract （739）      PDF （2368KB）（51）       Knowledge map    Save A method of millet disease image recognition based on transfer learning and residual network（Residual CNN）was proposed for millet disease. First，the original sample set was established，whichwas composed of four kinds of disease images including millet white disease，blast，red leaf disease，rustdisease and normal millet leaf image.Then，the original image was segmented by using the maximum inter‐class variance method based on super green feature，the millet disease segmentation image dataset was established，and the dataset was extended. Finally，based on the expanded segmentation image data set of millet disease，the recognition model of millet disease was established by using the idea of transfer learning and residual network. The results showed that the recognition rate of this model reached 98.2%，which was 8.9 percentage points higher than that of the support vector machine（SVM）based millet disease recognition model，and the training time of this model was reduced by 17.69 min compared with that of the convolutional neural network（CNN） based millet disease recognition model.The results indicated that the recognition model of millet disease based on transfer learning and residual network could effectively identify the four kinds of millet leaf diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Lasioderma serricorne in Tobacco Leaf Raw Materials Based on Improved YOLOv3 Algorithm ZHANG Weizheng, CHEN Saiyueyang, WANG Yanling, TIE Jinxin, DING Jia, LI Meng, LI Canlin, SU Xiaoke, GAN Yong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (11): 157-166.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.11.017 Abstract （676）      PDF （10647KB）（90）       Knowledge map    Save In order to solve the problem of low efficiency and inaccuracy in manual recognition of tobacco beetles（ Lasioderma serricorne）in tobacco leaf raw materials，and achieve accurate and intelligent recognition of tobacco beetles，a tobacco beetle recognition model was proposed based on the improved YOLOv3 algorithm.Firstly，Random Mix data augmentation technology was used to expand the tobacco beetle dataset；By introducing the K⁃means++ algorithm to recluster anchor boxes，YOLOv3’s recognition ability for tobacco beetles was improved；SIoU Loss was used to improve the Loss function of YOLOv3 bounding box to improve the accuracy of model positioning and accelerate model convergence；Finally，a feature refinement module was added to filter conflict information and optimize the accuracy of the model in identifying small targets in the tobacco beetle dataset.The results showed that，the improved YOLOv3 network model achieved average detection accuracy，recall，F1 score，and mAP of 93.26%，88.25%，0.90，and 94.59% for tobacco beetles in the test set，respectively，increased by 12.21 percentage points，11.79 percentage points，0.12，and 12.40 percentage points compared to the existing YOLOv3 algorithm，providing support for the effective recognition of tobacco beetles. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Overall Evaluation of Asparagus Germplasm Resources Based on Grey Relational Analysis and DTOPSIS Method ZHANG Bingbing, YE Yanying, JIN Shuifeng, LUO Wengen, ZHOU Jinsong, YIN Yuling, LUO Shaochun, TANG Yongping Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (5): 96-107.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.010 Abstract （619）      PDF （1386KB）（76）       Knowledge map    Save In order to provide theoretical basis for comprehensive evaluation of asparagus varieties（lines）and their demonstration and popularization in Jiangxi，the adaptability of new asparagus varieties（lines）in Jiangxi was comprehensively evaluated by grey relational analysis and DTOPSIS method.With 43 new asparagus varieties（lines）from the asparagus resource nursery in Ji’an from 2018 to 2019 as materials，comprehensive evaluation of field traits was performed by using grey relational analysis and DTOPSIS method.The accuracy of different methods was compared，and asparagus varieties（lines）with better comprehensive performance were selected.The result showed that the order of correlation grade value of each character in the overall evaluation of asparagus germplasms based on grey relational analysis was as follows：high‑quality asparagus rate>high‑quality asparagus yield>commodity asparagus rate>seeing asparagus time>first branch height>second main stem height>commercial asparagus production>plant height>number of asparagus shoots>disease resistance>appearance quality of asparagus>asparagus thickness uniformity>stem thickness.The result also showed that Gijnlim，Extremely male imperial crown，Florida，Jersey knight，California early，Jufeng and UC115 ranked in the top 10，which had good adaptability and high yield，and were the closest to the ideal germplasm. The Ci maximum difference rate of DTOPSIS was 68. 40% and the correlation coefficient of its ranking result with the yield ranking was 0.918 **.The maximum difference rate of γi in grey correlation analysis was 41.03%，the maximum difference rate of △γi was 40.33%，the correlation coefficients between the ranking result and the yield ranking were 0.652 **and 0.710 ** respectively.It can be seen that the DTOPSIS method had a greater rate of Ci variation，a greater variation among germplasms，and a higher correlation with yield. Therefore，when breeding new asparagus varieties，the first priority should be to increase the weight proportion of high‑quality bamboo shoots，and secondly，high‑quality materials unearthed early in spring are selected as parents. At the same time，other traits such as asparagus plant type should also be taken into consideration. Gijnlim，Extremely male imperial crown，Florida，Jersey knight，California early，Jufeng and UC115，which have good adaptability and high yield，can be further investigated，demonstrated and promoted.The DTOPSIS method based on the grey relational analysis is more suitable for comprehensive evaluation of adaptability of new asparagus varieties（lines）. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Maize Pest Detection Based on Instance Segmentation ZHAO Kangdi, SHAN Yugang, YUAN Jie, ZHAO Yuanlong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (12): 153-161.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.12.018 Abstract （587）      PDF （5388KB）（107）       Knowledge map    Save In order to achieve accurate and rapid identification of maize pests，this paper proposes a pest detection method using convolutional neural network combined with transfer learning based on instance segmentation.Taking eggs，larvae and adults of Spodoptera frugiperda as detection objects，the image data was expanded by data enhancement，and the pre‑training weights of Yolact++ model on COCO data set were migrated to the detection of Spodoptera frugiperda.Using the idea of focal loss to solve the imbalance of difficult and easy samples，the loss function in the model was optimized. The Detnet model was used to improve the Resnet trunk model in the Yolact++ model to improve the effect of small target detection.In the training process，the convolution layer was first frozen and then thawed，and the local and global training methods were combined to obtain the optimal weight model，and the model was tested. The test results showed that compared with the detection algorithms of YoloV3+migration learning，SSD+migration learning，Yolact+migration learning and Yolact++，this method had better accuracy and missed detection rate for complex background image detection. The accuracy of the test reached 96.32%，the missed detection rate was 5.51%，and the false detection rate was 5.33%. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of Kidney Bean Varieties for Safe Production in Cadmium Polluted Farmland of Northwest Guizhou CHAI Guanqun, ZHOU Lixing, QIN Song, FAN Chengwu, LIU Guihua, WANG Li, JIANG Ya Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (6): 51-60.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.06.006 Abstract （573）      PDF （1385KB）（35）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the differences in the absorption and enrichment of cadmium（Cd） by different kidney bean varieties and the effects of varieties and environment on them，and to screen out the Cd low⁃enriched kidney bean varieties suitable for planting in northwestern Guizhou，13 local kidney bean varieties were used as materials，and in the Cd⁃contaminated farmland of L site and Y site in northwestern Guizhou，a field plot experiment was conducted.The results showed that the variety，the environment and interaction between variety and environment had extremely significant effects on yield and Cd content of kidney bean，respectively. There was significant difference in Cd content of different kidney bean varieties in the same place. The maximum value of Cd（in Hongpiqiuzijiadou） and the minimum value of Cd（in Bangda No.2） could be 10 times different in the same place.The bioconcentration factor（BCF Cd）of Cd in soils for different kidney bean varieties in L site and Y site were 0.06%—0.0% and 0.13%—0.93%，respectively.The Cd content of 13 tested kidney bean varieties showed the safe level.The yield of Bangda No.2 was the highest among the 13 varieties，reaching 18 513.6 and 19 287.9 kg/ha in L and Y sites，respectively.In summary，13 kidney bean varieties can be used as recommended varieties for Cd⁃contaminated areas in northwestern Guizhou，and Bangda No.2 was preferred because of its high yield and low Cd content. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Relationship between Intestinal Barrier Damage and Intestinal Inflammation Development in Fish CHEN Xiumei, WANG Guiqin, SHAN Xiaofeng, QIAN Aidong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.001 Abstract （554）      PDF （2076KB）（163）       Knowledge map    Save Fish intestinal barrier mainly includes biological，chemical，mechanical and immune barriers.Its barrier function plays an important role in maintaining the intestinal homeostasis，and will affect the intestinal health once the damage occurs. A large number of studies have shown that intestinal barrier damage was closely related to intestinal inflammation，and intestinal barrier damage induced by various factors could lead to intestinal inflammation. Therefore，domestic and foreign research progress on the relationship of fish intestinal barrier damage and intestinal inflammation development is reviewed.Based on understanding of the structure and function of intestinal barrier in fish，this paper analyzes the relationship between intestinal barrier injury and intestinal inflammation in fish，and explores the control strategy of intestinal inflammation in fish based on the pathway of stablizing intestinal barrier，to provide new methods for intestinal inflammation prevention in fish and other aquatic animals. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and Health Risk Assessment of Low Accumulation Rice Varieties in Nickel Polluted Paddy Fields ZHANG Xiujin, ZHANG Ronghui, CAI Jinghang, WANG Guokun, CHAI Guanqun, HUANG Chengling, FAN Chengwu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (6): 61-69.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.06.007 Abstract （534）      PDF （1270KB）（20）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen rice varieties with low nickel（Ni）accumulation suitable for safe production in rice fields in the central Guizhou，field experiments were conducted to determine the Ni content in different parts of ten main rice varieties grown in the central Guizhou region.The accumulation and transport characteristics of Ni in brown rice were studied，and cluster analysis and health risk assessment were conducted.The results showed that the brown rice of Yixiangyou 800 had the lowest Ni content of 0.372 mg/kg，while Leyou 891 had the highest Ni content of 2.136 mg/kg among the ten rice varieties.Yixiangyou 800 had lower Ni bioconcentration and translocation abilities from rice husks to brown rice than the other nine rice varieties. Based on the clustering analysis of brown rice Ni content in different rice varieties，Yixiangyou 800 was classified as the low⁃value class（class Ⅰ）variety.The THQ（target hazard quotient）values of the ten rice varieties for different population groups were all less than 1，indicating no health risk.Health risk assessment showed that Yixiangyou 800 had the lowest THQ value，and combined with the Ni content in brown rice，it was recommended as a rice variety with low Ni accumulation for the central Guizhou. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Wan Artemisia argyi Germplasm Based on Morphological traits and Quality traits XU Lanjie, LIANGHuizhen, YUYongliang, YANG Qing, LI Lei, AN Sufang, YANG Hongqi, TANZhengwei, LIChunming, DONGWei, LU Dandan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 55-63.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.007 Abstract （525）      PDF （1361KB）（149）       Knowledge map    Save Scientific and reasonable methods were used to comprehensively evaluate and screen excellent germplasms of Wan A.argyi，so as to provide parental materials and technical support for the breeding of new varieties of Wan A.argyi.Thirty Wan A.argyi germplasms from Nanyang City were used as experimental materials to comprehensively evaluate their agronomic and quality traits by Shannon⁃weaver diversity index，membership function method，correlation analysis，principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that Wan A.argyi germplasms had high genetic diversity，the diversity index of different traits was 0.53—1.58，and the coefficient of variation was 16.95%—160.71%.Correlation analysis showed that most agronomic traits had significant or extremely significant correlations，and some quality traits had significant correlations，but the correlations between agronomic traits and quality traits were poor.Principal component analysis converted 15 traits into 5 comprehensive factors，with a cumulative contribution rate of 85.12%.The first，second and fourth principal components mainly reflected agronomic traits，the fifth principal component mainly reflected quality traits，and the third principal component mainly reflected agronomic traits and quality traits. Based on the square sum of deviation method，the 30 Wan A.argyi germplasms were clustered into three categories at the Euclidean distance of 14.0.The first category was high⁃quality type and included 8 germplasms；the second category was high⁃yield type，which contained 8 germplasms；the traits of germplasms of the third category were between the first and the second categories. Based on the membership function method，5 germplasms with excellent comprehensive performance in terms of yield and quality were screened out， which could provide parental material support for the breeding of new varieties of Wan A.argyi. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Clostridium butyricum on Growth，Intestinal Morphology and Barrier Function of Broilers LI Wenjia, XU Bin, WEI Fengxian, DENG Wen, MA Huihui, WANG Linyi, BAI Jie, SUN Quanyou, XI Yanyan, LI Shaoyu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (1): 144-153.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.01.015 Abstract （504）      PDF （1910KB）（91）       Knowledge map    Save The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum in diet on growth performance，intestinal morphology and intestinal barrier function of broilers. A total of 324 healthy one‑day‑old Arbor Acres male broilers with the same specifications were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 18 broilers per replicate. Control group（CON）was fed with a basal diet，antibiotic group（ANT）and Clostridium butyricum group（CB）were fed with the basal diet containing 10 mg/kg virginiamycin and 1×10 9 cfu/kg Clostridium butyricum，respectively.The experiment period was 42 days. At the age of 21 and 42 days，the growth performance，intestinal tissue morphology，intestinal mucosal pyroptosis and intestinal barrier related gene mRNA expression abundance of each group were statistically analyzed. The results showed that compared with the CON group，the average daily gain（ADG）and final body weight（FBW）in ANT group and CB group were significantly increased by 6.31% and 8.43%，and 6.26% and 8.31%，respectively.At 42 days，the levels of Caspase‑1，IL‑18 and IL‑1β in CB group were significantly decreased by 24.91%，42.96% and 19.91% compared with the CON group，respectively. The jejunum villus height and villus height/crypt depth（V/C）ratio were significantly increased by 13. 40% and 54.20%，respectively；and the ileum crypt depth was significantly decreased by 32.62%，and the V/C ratio of ileum was significantly increased by 60.76%.At 42 days，the mRNA relative expression levels of IL‑1β， T NF‑α， Caspase‑1 and IL‑18 in jejunum mucosa in CB and ANT groups were significantly lower than those in CON group and the expression levels of ZO‑1 and Claudin‑1 in CB group were significantly up‑regulated，respectively. In conclusion，dietary supplementation of 1×10 9 cfu/kg C.butyricum can improve the growth performance and feed utilization of broilers，improve the intestinal morphology，enhance the intestinal immune and barrier functions，and alleviate the intestinal cell pyroptosis of broilers to a certain extent. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Leaf‑pinching on Leaf Yield，Nutrient Content，Grain Yield and Economic Benefit of Sesame LI Feng, GAO Tongmei, WANG Dongyong, TIAN Yuan, SU Xiaoyu, ZHANG Pengyu, YANG Zihao, WEI Shuangling Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (10): 44-52.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.10.006 Abstract （473）      PDF （1441KB）（85）       Knowledge map    Save To determine the best picking time and method of sesame leaves and ensure the maximum economic benefit，white sesame Zhengtaizhi 3 was used as the material to study the effects of picking time and methods on leaf yield，grain yield，plant characters and economic benefit of sesame by setting four picking periods including early flowering stage（T1），15 days of full flowering stage（T2），30 days of full flowering stage（T3）and final flowering stage（T4）.The leaf picking methods were picking one side leaves （D1）and picking all leaves（D2），with the treatment without picking leaves as CK. The results showed that the effects of leaf picking time and method on sesame leaf and grain yields reached a significant level.Compared with CK，the grain yield reduction range was as follows：picking leaves at 15 days of full flowering stage>picking leaves at early flowering stage>picking leaves at 30 days of full flowering stage>picking leaves at the end of flowering stage. Among them，picking all the leaves at 15 days of full flowering period in two years decreased by more than 73%，and picking all the leaves at early flowering stage in two years decreased by 50.80%（2017）and 53.33%（2018），respectively.The yield of sesame leaves showed picking leaves at 15 days in full flowering stage>picking leaves at 30 days in full flowering stage>picking leaves in the final flowering stage>picking leaves in the early flowering stage.The results of quality changes showed that the contents of crude fat，crude fiber，vitamin E，total sugar and total flavonoids in sesame leaves increased at first and then decreased with the postponement of picking leaves，and the highest values were observed at 30 days of full flowering stage，the content of crude protein decreased，and the contents of total ash and selenium increased with the postponement of picking leaves.The economic benefit of picking all sesame leaves at 30 days in full flowering stage was 19.36%（2017）and 34.54%（2018）higher than that of CK，and that of picking one side leaves was 20.29%（2017）and 24.39%（2018）higher than that of CK，and the economic benefit was higher than that of other treatments.Therefore，when the leaves are picked at 30 days in full flowering stage，the quality of sesame leaves is the best and the economic benefit is the highest. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Fermented Traditional Chinese Medicine on Intestinal Microflora of Broilers with Avian Colibacillosis GU Yanli, CAO Yanzi, WANG Xiaoyu, SHAN Chunqiao, LIU Yan, JIANG Guotuo Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (7): 145-153.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.07.015 Abstract （455）      PDF （3377KB）（97）       Knowledge map    Save This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fermented traditional Chinese medicine on intestinal microflora of broilers with avian colibacillosis.270 healthy 1‑day‑old AA white‑feathered broilers were divided into three groups，three replicates for each treatment and 30 broilers for each repetition.Broilers in the control group（D group）were routinely fed.The fermented traditional Chinese medicine group （PEG group）and the antibiotic group（K group）were modeled with E.coli O78 and treated.The samples were analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing technology.The result showed that after treatment with the fermented traditional Chinese medicine composed of Andrographis herba， Pulsatillae Radix， Patrinia， Rhizoma Coptidis，etc，there was no significant difference in the richness and diversity of microflora with the control group，and the content of Akkermansia was significantly increased.The fermented traditional Chinese medicine can regulate intestinal microflora and substance transport and metabolism，increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria and inhibit harmful bacteria in broilers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Evaluation of 176 Waxy Sorghum Germplasm Resources Based on Principal Component，Grey Correlation and DTOPSIS Analyses WU Guojiang, ZHOU Wei, YU Zhonghao, LI Yan, LÜ Jingbo, WANG Zhenguo, ZHOU Yaxing Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 40-51.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.006 Abstract （446）      PDF （1325KB）（105）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen out the high‐quality waxy sorghum germplasm resources suitable for popularization and utilization in the Xiliaohe Plain，16 main agronomic traits of 176 waxy sorghum germplasm resources were analyzed，and the comprehensive evaluation and ranking were carried out by combining principal component analysis method，grey correlation degree method and DTOPSIS method.The results showed that the coefficient of variation of the main agronomic traits of 176 waxy sorghum germplasm resources ranged from 6.69% to 47.84%，and there were generally significant or extremely significant correlation between the traits. Through principal component analysis，16 main agronomic traits of 176 waxy sorghum germplasm resources were integrated into 9 independent comprehensive indexes（principal components），and the cumulative contribution rate of these 9 principal components was87.169%.The top 30 germplasm resources were screened based on comprehensive evaluation scores by principal component analysis，weighted correlation degree by grey correlation degree method and relative closeness degree by DTOPSIS method respectively. By the combination of the above three methods for comprehensive evaluation，10 germplasm resources with excellent comprehensive traits were selected from 176 germplasm resources，namely QNR，9705，2011‐30，Xinliang 52，102A，HubocuoP4，Jan‐88，9701，0657 and 4126 ，respectively，which laid a foundation for the breeding of waxy sorghum varieties in the Xiliaohe Plain. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Plant Phenomics in the Context of Smart Agriculture YANG Wenqing, LIU Tianxia, TANG Xingping, XU Guofu, MA Zhe, YANG Hekai, WU Wendou Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (7): 1-12.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.07.001 Abstract （386）      PDF （1262KB）（414）       Knowledge map    Save China’s agriculture is in the key stage of changing from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture.Smart agriculture is an important embodiment of modern agricultural development and an inevitable trend of agricultural development in the future.Smart agriculture aims to deeply combine modern information technologies such as internet of things，artificial intelligence and big data with traditional agriculture to make agricultural production intelligent，green，standardized and digital.Plant phenomics is a science to study the characteristics of plant phenotypes，which is one of the key technologies for the development of smart agriculture.By collecting phenotypic data at all levels of cells，organs，tissues，plants and populations，plant phenomics extracts important trait information with high repeatability and high reliability from massive data，so as to provide data support and method support for gene mining，crop breeding and accurate management of agricultural production process.This paper reviews the development status of plant phenomics under the background of smart agriculture from the aspects of phenotypic data collection and analysis and the construction of plant phenotypic analysis platform at home and abroad，summarizes the application of plant phenomics research in smart agricultural production，and finally looks forward to the future development trend of plant phenomics. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of Alginate Oligosaccharides Fermented with Gut Microbiota Inoculum against Salmonella enterica by Transcriptomic Analysis CHENG Jiaying, XIAO Mengshi, REN Xinmiao, YU Ying, FU Xiaodan, MOU Haijin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (6): 139-149.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.06.015 Abstract （385）      PDF （6493KB）（70）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the effect of alginate oligosaccharides（AOS）on S.enterica in the intestinal environment，AOS was prepared by enzymatic degradation，furthermore the simulated digestion characteristics of AOS were evaluated in vitro.The total number of bacteria and S.enterica in the process of AOS fermentation by chicken gut microbiota were quantified by in vitro simulated fermentation model，and the response of S.enterica to AOS in the intestinal environment was analyzed by transcriptomics.The results showed that the content of reducing sugar and molecular weight of AOS did not change significantly，indicating that AOS were not digested.When AOS was fermented by gut microbiota，the relative abundance of S.enterica in the flora decreased from 4.6% to 1.1%.Transcriptomics and reverse transcription⁃quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression of key genes of S.enterica flagella assembly，two⁃component system，infection and virulence was down⁃regulated.Therefore，the gut microbiota metabolites of AOS could inhibit the growth and virulence of S.enterica. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Fine Mapping of QTLs for Yield Components of Rice BAI Tianliang, LI Jie, RAN Jie, YANG Hui, QIAO Chengbin, LI Peifu, TIAN Lei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 1-8.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.001 Abstract （370）      PDF （1301KB）（281）       Knowledge map    Save Rice is one of major food crops，and its yield is very important for world food security.The yield components are key regulating factors for improvement of rice yield，which are often manifested as complex quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes. It is of great significance to explore favorable yield genes for high yield of rice. QTL mapping is an important method for identifying genes associated with excellent agronomic traits in crops.This paper elaborated the strategies of QTL fine mapping and population selection，reviewed the research progress on QTL fine mapping of three key yield components of rice，namely panicle number，grain number per panicle and grain weight，map⁃based cloning and functional analysis，and put forward the breeding strategy of rational utilization of rice yield component genes，so as to provide reference and theoretical basis for cloning excellent yield traits genes and unraveling the genetic mechanisms of yield traits in rice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Phthalamic Acid on Dry Matter Accumulation，Nutrient Absorption and Yield of Cotton TIAN Yangqing, MA Chunmei, ZHAO Qiang, WU Xueqin, LI Jiangyu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (6): 67-75.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.007 Abstract （366）      PDF （1496KB）（68）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of foliar spraying of phthalamic acid with different mass concentrations on dry matter accumulation，nutrient absorption and yield of cotton were explored，so as to provide a certain theoretical basis for the scientific application of phthalamic acid in cotton. With the cotton variety Yanmian 67 as the field test material and clear water as the control，three doses of phthalamic acid，133.3 mg/L（P1），200.0 mg/L（P2）and 266.7 mg/L（P3），were sprayed on the leaves at 10 days before and after chemical topping of cotton. The effects of different mass concentrations of phthalamic amino acid on dry matter accumulation，total chlorophyll content and nutrient absorption of cotton shoots were compared.The results showed that spraying different mass concentrations of phthalamic amino acid could improve the dry matter accumulation，nutrient absorption and total chlorophyll of cotton.At 28 days after application，the total amount of chlorophyll in functional leaves of cotton treated with P1，P2 and P3 increased by 40.48%，61.90% and 46.43% respectively compared with CK；At 40 days after application，the proportim of dry weight of reproductive organs in P1，P2 and P3 treatments increased by 0.23，12.44 and 6.66 percentage points respectively compared with CK.The total nitrogen accumulation in leaves，stems and bolls of P2 treatment was significantly higher than CK，increased by 23.51%，23.46% and 10.35% respectively.P2 and P3 treatments significantly increased the absorption of total phosphorus in all parts of cotton. The total potassium accumulation of cotton fibers in P2 and P3 treatments was significantly higher than CK，increased by 16.60% and 12.53% respectively；Compared with CK，the cotton yields of P1，P2 and P3 increased by 0.77%，13.55% and 2.00% respectively.In conclusion，foliar spraying of 200.0 mg/L phthalamic acid（P2 treatment）had the best promoting effect on aboveground dry matter accumulation，total chlorophyll，nutrient absorption and cotton yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Different Yield Load on Quality Development during Delayed Harvest of Shine Muscat Grape LOU Yusui, ZHANG Xiaofeng, LI Zheng, SHANG Hongquan, FAN Hongjie, LÜ Zhongwei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (6): 111-118.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.012 Abstract （327）      PDF （1743KB）（129）       Knowledge map    Save To determine the proper yield load and harvest time for delayed harvest of Shine Muscat grape，9⁃year⁃old Shine Muscat grapevines were used as experimental materials. The yield loads of four treatments were one cluster per two（F1），three（F2），four（F3），and five（F4）shoots，respectively，and yield load of one cluster per shoot was the control（CK）.The fruit quality during the delayed harvest and the nutrient storage of branches after defoliation were compared.Results showed that the berry softening rate and soluble sugar content increased gradually，the berry weight，hardness and titratable acid（TA）content decreased gradually，and the total soluble solid（TSS）content and ratio of TSS and TA increased first and then decreased during the delayed harvest time.The berry softening rate and the soluble sugar content of branches decreased gradually，the decline rates of berry weight and hardness slowed down，and the contents of nitrogen，phosphorus，potassium and starch in branches increased gradually with the yield load level decreasing. The berry softening rate of all treatments reached about 50% at 63 days after fruit ripening.At 42 days，42 days，49 days，63 days and 70 days after fruit ripening，the berry weight of CK，F1，F2，F3 and F4 decreased significantly compaired with that at ripening. The fruit soluble sugar content of F2 was always the highest，which reached 22.06% at 77 days after fruit ripening.In order to obtain better economic benefit，it is suggested that the suitable harvest time is about 45 days after fruit ripening（mid⁃October）for Shine Muscat under the condition of rain⁃shelter cultivation in the old flooded area of Yellow River，and the yield load is from 6.25 t/ha to 7.50 t/ha，that is one cluster per three shoots based on the fruit quality and nutrient accumulation of branches. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of the Formula for Nutritive Cornus officinalis Jujube Slices WANG Anjian, GAO Shuaiping, CUI Guomei, LI Shunfeng, WEI Shuxin, TIAN Guangrui, LIU Lina, XU Fangfang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 166-173.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.019 Abstract （311）      PDF （1320KB）（72）       Knowledge map    Save In order to optimize the formula of nutritive Cornus officinalis jujube slices， Cornus officinalis and jujube were used as main raw materials to prepare composite Cornus officinalis jujube slices through the steps of blending，beating，boiling，drying and slicing.With the texture and sensory score as the indexes，the optimum formula parameters of composite Cornus officinalis jujube slices were determined through single factor test and orthogonal optimization test.The optimal formula was showed as follows：jujube 100 g， Cornus officinalis 16.7 g，starch 5.0 g，citric acid 0.6 g and refined cane sugar 25 g.The prepared composite Cornus officinalis jujube slices had unique flavor，sweet and sour taste and moderate hardness，and the sensory score was 92.63，which was similar to the texture characteristics and sensory score of the commercial jujube slices.The results showed that the optimized nutritive Cornus officinalis jujube slices had a certain market acceptance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Quality and Its Stability of Wheat Variety Zhengmai 119 with High Quality QIN Maomao, LIU Yanxi, WANG Wenfei, CHANG Yang, ZHOU Zhengfu, LEI Zhensheng, WU Zhengqing Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (2): 21-30.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.02.003 Abstract （305）      PDF （1832KB）（77）       Knowledge map    Save The quality and its stability of Zhengmai 119 under 36 environments were analyzed in 12 Cities（Counties）over 3 years（2019—2021），so as to provide foundation for the rational region layout and promotion of Zhengmai 119. The results showed Zhengmai 119 could reach the national high‑quality strong gluten wheat standard.The averages of water absorption，stability time，wet gluten content，stretch area and maximum tensile resistance were 65.5%，12.1 min，36.7%，117.1 cm 2 and 524.6 BU，respectively. The indicators including grain volume weight，hardness，water absorption，stability time，stretch area and maximum tensile resistance had no significant difference from 2019 to 2021；grain volume weight and peak viscosity were greatly affected by region，and grain moisture content，grain hardness，flour whiteness，formation time，stability time，extension，minimum viscosity，final viscosity and setback were not significantly different between regions. These indicated that the quality of this variety was stable.In addition，the mean values of peak viscosity and final viscosity were 3 001.8 cP and 3 118.3 cP，respectively，indicating that the starch had good gelatinizing properties.In the product test，the bread made by Zhengmai 119 had good baking quality，the internal structure of bread was smooth，the bread core was fine and dense，and the comprehensive score was similar to Zhengmai 366，higher than commercial bread powder.The noodles made by Zhengmai 119 was smooth，had strong browning resistance and good cooking quality，and the comprehensive score was similar to Zhengmai 366 and commercial Hetao snowflake powder.This study indicates that Zhengmai 119 is both bread and noodle varieties. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Curing Characteristics and Quality of New Flue‑cured Tobacco Variety Xujin 101 LIU Fang, SONG Xiaolong, ZONG Shengjie, MENG Zhiyong, ZHU Yinfeng, SUN Huan, MA Haobo, ZHANG Guoping Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (12): 172-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.12.020 Abstract （302）      PDF （2259KB）（57）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the curing characteristics and the quality of tobacco leaves of a new self‑bred flue‑cured tobacco variety Xujin 101，with the main variety Zhongyan 100 as a control，the yellowing，water loss，chlorophyll degradation and polyphenol oxidase activity of Xujin 101 tobacco leaves during the dark‑box and curing process were studied，and the differences in appearance quality，sensory evaluation quality，neutral aroma‑causing substances and main chemical components of cured tobacco leaves were analyzed.The results showed that under dark‑box conditions，Xujin 101 took 72 h and 48 h to turn completely yellow in the middle and upper leaves，respectively，and the time for 30% browning was 120 h and 72 h，respectively. The yellowing index and browning index were both higher than those of Zhongyan 100.On the whole it was easy to turn yellow and brown. The water loss balance was 1.16 and 0.47，respectively，and the water loss balance was good. The degradation rate of chlorophyll reached 1.32%/h and 1.37%/h respectively at 72 h，the degradation amount reached 94.88% and 98.71%，and the degradation characteristics were good.The average PPO activities after baking 24—96 h were 0.409 U and 0.420 U，respectively，the middle leaves had poor baking resistance，and the upper leaves had moderate baking resistance. Although the baking characteristics of Xujin 101 were slightly better than Zhongyan 100，but the initial curing plan had a greater impact on the quality of Xujin 101 tobacco leaves after curing，and the overall quality was slightly worse than that of Zhongyan 100.According to comprehensive analysis，Xujin 101 is easy to bake，but has average baking resistance.In order to highlight the characteristics of Xujin 101，it is necessary to set up a baking process according to its baking characteristic. In the early stage of yellowing，the temperature difference between dry and wet bulbs should be appropriately reduced to reduce the moisture loss of tobacco leaves.In the later stage，the temperature difference between dry and wet bulbs should be appropriately increased to improve the dehumidification strength，promote drying and prevent browning，and ensure safe color setting of tobacco leaves to improve its use value and economic value. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Virus Titer Determination and Quality Evaluation of the Commercial Marek’s Disease Vaccines Sold in 2020—2021 ZHENG Luping, TENG Man, LIU Jinling, LUO Qin, CHU Yushu, WANG Weidong, ZHANG Wenkai, LUO Jun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (6): 134-143.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.015 Abstract （284）      PDF （3380KB）（96）       Knowledge map    Save The effective prevention and control of Marek’s disease（MD）mainly depends on vaccine immunization. In order to determine and evaluate the quality of present MD vaccines，virus titers of 11 commercial MD vaccine products provided by 9 distinct companies during 2020—2021 were determined and analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA).Then the potential contamination of avian leukosis virus（ALV）and reticuloendotheliosis virus（REV）was detected using commercial ELISA kits，colloidal gold test strip or RT⁃PCR.The results showed that for all the tested liquid nitrogen vaccines，no significant difference was observed among the three batches of imported or domestic CVI988 vaccines，while significant differences between the two 814 vaccines（ P<0.05） and two bivalent MD vaccines(CVI988+HVT or 814+HVT)( P<0. 01)were found. The virus titers of the tested liquid nitrogen MD vaccine products were all above 5 500 PFU/bird，which were more than two folds of value specified in the national standard.However，the virus titers of four freeze⁃dried HVT vaccine products were only about 83.90—109.50 PFU/bird，much lower than 2 000 PFU/bird as indicated in product introductions.Contamination of ALV or REV was not detected in any of the tested MD vaccines，indicating that these vaccines were clean. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics