Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

Contents

2024, 53(3): 0.

Asbtract ( )

PDF (40693KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Advance in Biological Pollutants in Agricultural Irrigation with Reclaimed Water

ZHANG Hongwei, CUI Bingjian, LIU Chuncheng

2024, 53(3): 1-16. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.001

Asbtract ( )

PDF (1369KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Rational and safe utilization of reclaimed water is one of the effective ways to alleviate the shortage of freshwater resources in farmland irrigation.Reclaimed water contains certain nutrient elements，but also contains certain harmful elements. Through literature review，this paper introduced in detail the research progress of reclaimed water utilization in agricultural irrigation from the aspects of definition and utilization of reclaimed water，types of biological pollutants，risk identification of biological pollution and risk control technology of reclaimed water quality in order to provide the references for the utilization of reclaimed water.The key future researches on reclaimed water utilization in agriculture were put forward，including evaluating the safety of reclaimed water utilization through long‐term positioning tests，analyzing the half‐life of antibiotics and other emerging pollutants in reclaimed water，formulating corresponding utilization standards，and developing low‐cost and rapid sewage treatment technology.

Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc Combined Application on Absorption and Transport of Nitrogen and Zinc in Summer Maize Grain at Filling Stage

ZHANG Panpan, QIAO Jiangfang, LI Chuan, ZHANG Meiwei, MU Weilin, GUO Hanxiao, CEN Junjuan

2024, 53(3): 17-32. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.002

Asbtract ( )

PDF (1601KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Field experiment was conducted with three nitrogen（N）rates（225，180 and 90 kg/ha，named as HN，MN and LN，respectively）and four foliar spray stages of zinc（Zn）（no Zn，spraying Zn of 4.5 kg/ha according to 1∶1 at seedling stage and jointing stage，spraying Zn of 4.5 kg/ha according to 1∶1 at jointing stage and flare opening stage，and spraying Zn of 4.5 kg/ha at flare opening stage，named as Zn0，Zn1，Zn2 and Zn3，respectively）.The effect of N and Zn combined application on the absorption and transport of N and Zn in the grain of summer maize was studied at filling stage with ZD958 and GSY66 as materials，so as to provide the basis for fertilization of N and Zn in the production.The result showed that the N and Zn concentrations in grain generally decreased with the growth of plant.At mature stage，GSY66 of MNZn2 treatment had the highest N concentration in grain with 14.64 g/kg，while ZD958 of MNZn2 treatment had the highest N accumulation. GSY66 of MNZn3 treatment had higher Zn concentration and accumulation in grain.MN treatment had the highest N absorption and its contribution rate after anthesis with 50.42 kg/ha and 44.20% respectively，and the highest Zn transport amount with 61.68 g/ha；Zn2 treatment had the highest N absorption and its contribution rate after anthesis with 54.56 kg/ha and 44.31% respectively，and the highest contribution rate of Zn transport amount with 17.26%；under the above two treatments，the grain number per ear，1 000‐grain weight and yield were higher. There was significantly or extremely significantly negative correlation between N transport amount and absorption after anthesis of N and Zn.There was significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation between Zn absorption after anthesis and the concentrations of N and Zn in grain and N absorption after anthesis.To sum up，N application rate of 180 kg/ha and spraying Zn of 4.5 kg/ha according to 1∶1 at jointing stage and flare opening stage can promote the absorption and transport of N and Zn at filling stage，increase the concentrations of N and Zn in grain，maintain the high yield，and realize synchronously increase of grain yield and Zn nutrition in the summer maize production.

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Grain Filling Characteristics，Yield and Quality of Different Summer Maize Varieties

QIAO Jiangfang, HE Jiawen, HOU Chuanwei, ZHANG Meiwei, YANG Mingbo, HAN Linlin, ZHANG Panpan, LI Chuan, NIU Jun, GUO Hanxiao, MU Weilin

2024, 53(3): 33-42. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.003

Asbtract ( )

PDF (1329KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Two maize varieties Dika 517（DK 517，with faster dehydration rate）and Zhengdan 1002（ZD1002，with slower dehydration rate）were used as the materials to explore the effects of nitrogen rate[0 kg/ha(N0)180 kg/ha(N1)and 300 kg/ha(N2)]on grain filling characteristics，dehydration rate，yield and quality of summer maize，so as to provide a theoretical basis for the high‐quality and efficient production of summer maize in Huang‐Huai‐Hai region.The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen rate，the dry grain weight of DK 517 and ZD 1002 generally gradually increased，grains number per row and yield first increased and then decreased，crude protein content of grains increased，and crude starch content decreased.In general，N1 treatment had the highest biomass under maximum grain filling rate and maximum grain filling rate，the longest active filling period，the highest grains number per row，then the highest yield，which was 9 694. 60 kg/ha and 11 204.56 kg/ha for DK 517 and ZD 1002，respectively，and the grain crude protein content was higher.Different nitrogen application rate treatments had different effects on grain filling characteristics of maize varieties with different dehydration rates.At 15—24 days after pollination，there were significant differences in grain moisture content under different nitrogen application rate treatments. At 58 days after pollination，the grain moisture content of DK 517 showed N2>N1>N0，and that of ZD 1002 showed N1>N0>N2.At 49—58 days after pollination，the dehydration rate of grain was the highest under N0 treatment.Compared with ZD 1002，DK 517 had higher biomass under maximum grain filling rate and maximum grain filling rate，earlier days reaching maximum filling rate，shorter active filling period，lower grain moisture content，lower grain dehydration rate at the early filling stage and higher rate at the middle and late filling stages，lower grains number per row，100‐grain weight，yield and crude fat content of grain，and higher crude protein and starch content.The dehydration rate of grains was significantly negatively correlated with spike diameter and bald tip length，and significantly positively correlated with spike length and crude starch content.To sum up，nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/ha can promote grain filling，and improve yield and crude protein content of grain.

Optimal Zinc Application Rate for Rice Yield and Quality Improvement in Jianghan Plain

LIU Yue, ZHOU Meng, LUO Haiwei, DANG Chengcheng, HAO Rongrong, HU Yuting, YAN Peng, CHEN Longzhou, LIU Yangxuan, TIAN Xiaohai

2024, 53(3): 43-52. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.004

Asbtract ( )

PDF (1379KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Four rice varieties(Lixiang 85，Xiangyaxiangzhan，Heliangyou 927 and Changliangyou 8)were selected as materials，and the changes of rice yield and quality were studied under four zinc application rates[0 kg/ha(CK)，7.5 kg/ha(Zn1)，15 kg/ha(Zn2)and 30 kg/ha(Zn3)]in field，so as to provide a theoretical basis for the application of zinc fertilizer in high‐quality rice.The results showed that zinc application could significantly increase rice yield，and the rice yield showed a trend of first increasing andthen decreasing with the increase of zinc application rate. Overall，the highest yield was observed in Zn2 treatment，followed by Zn1 treatment.The yields of Lixiang 85，Heliangyou 927 and Changliangyou 8 were the highest under Zn2 treatment，and the yield of Xiangyaxiangzhan was the highest under Zn1 treatment，followed by Zn2 treatment. Compared with CK，the yields of zinc application treatments increased by 8.1%—28.8%.Zinc had an obvious optimization effect on the processing quality，and the brown rice rate，milled rice rate and head rice rate were generally higher under Zn1 and Zn2 treatments.The amylose contents of different zinc treatments varied for different varieties，among which Lixiang 85 was the highest under Zn1 treatment，Changliangyou 8 was the highest under Zn2 treatment，and Xiangyaxiangzhan and Heliangyou 927 were the highest under Zn3 treatment. For characteristic values of RVA spectrum，the breakdown of Lixiang 85，Xiangyaxiangzhan and Changliangyou 8 was the highest under Zn1 treatment，while the setback of Lixiang 85 and Heliangyou 927 was the lowest under CK，and that of Xiangyaxiangzhan and Changliangyou 8 was the lowest under Zn1 treatment.The crude protein content of all varieties increased first and then decreased with the increase of zinc application rate.The crude protein contents of Lixiang 85 and Heliangyou 927 were the highest under Zn1 treatment，and thoese of Xiangyaxiangzhan and Changliangyou 8 were the highest under Zn2 treatment. Overall，the contents of albumin，globulin and prolamine were the highest under Zn2 treatment，and the content of globulin was the highest under Zn1 treatment. The content of zinc in brown rice and milled rice also increased first and then decreased with the increase of zinc application rate. Lixiang 85 and Heliangyou 927 had the highest zinc content in brown rice under Zn1 treatment，which were 23.1 mg/kg and 19.8 mg/kg，respectively；the zinc contents in brown rice of Xiangyaxiangzhan and Changliangyou 8 were the highest under Zn2 treatment，which were 20.0 mg/kg and 17.7 mg/kg，respectively.In addition，the content of Zn in brown rice was higher than that in milled rice.Considering rice yield，quality and other factors，the optimal zinc application rate in Jianghan Plain is 7.5—15 kg/ha.

Effect of Altitude on Growth and Metabolism of Tobacco Leaves and Flue‐cured Tobacco Quality

SONG Shaosen, YANG Jie, DUAN Wangjun, CHEN Siang, WANG Weimin, ZHANG Li, XU Jiayang, HAN Dan, XU Zicheng, JIA Wei

2024, 53(3): 53-67. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.005

Asbtract ( )

PDF (10587KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to explore the effects of altitude on tobacco growth and quality，YKS‐9 was served as the experimental variety and three altitudes of 1 800，2 000 and 2 200 m were selected to carry the field experiment in Liangshan，Sichuan Province.Agronomic traits，leaf ultrastructure，metabolism and tobacco leaf quality were determined in this study.The results showed that the agronomic traits and tobacco quality under 2 000 m altitude reached the optimum，but got the worst under 2 200 m altitude.As elevation increased，the volume of vacuole was increased，more and smaller mitochondria were produced and the number and volume of starch granules were increased in tobacco leaves.However，the number of chloroplast lamella and stacking degree were decreased in tobacco leaves. In addition，Metabolomics analysis results showed that 102 differential metabolites of tobacco leaves among three altitudes were identified. From the metabonomics analysis，carbohydrates(D‐galactonate，D‐mannose，D‐alose，D‐tagose)，amino acids(L‐aspartate，L‐citrulline，L‐threonate，D‐proline，2，3‐dihydroxy‐3‐methylbutyric acid，alanine)，and substances related to shikimate metabolism(L‐phenylalanine，shikimate，quinate）contents were increased at first and then decreased with the elevated altitude.Nevertheless，purine metabolites(guanosine，adenine)，and metabolites related to phenylpropane metabolism(kaempferol，rutin，chlorogenic acid)were increased sharply with the increase of altitude.Therefore，2 000 m would be the optimum altitude for tobacco growth and quality in Liangshan area，Sichuan Province，followed by
1 800 m and 2 200 m.

Effect of Drip Application of Uniconazole Compound Promoter on the Growth，Development，Yield and Quality of Cotton

REN Ruofei, ZHAO Qiang, WANG Ziran, XIE Jia, XU Kaiyue, MA Baihuan, SONG Xinghu, ZHAN Dongxia

2024, 53(3): 68-77. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.006

Asbtract ( )

PDF (1569KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

This study investigated the effects of drip application of uniconazole compound promoter on cotton agronomic traits，dry matter accumulation and distribution，yield and quality，to provide certain reference for promoting the development of cotton cultivation towards light simplification and intensification. The cotton variety Xinluzao 42 was used as the field test material，foliar spraying of acetamiprid was used as the control（CK），and drip application of uniconazole was set up compounded with thidiazuron（T1），diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate（T2），naphthylacetic acid（T3），and clopidourea（T4）in four combinations of chemicals，which were applied once at the time of chemical topping of cotton，so as to compare the effects of drip‐applied aliconazole compound promoter on the agronomic traits，the accumulation and distribution of dry matter，the yield，and the quality of cotton plants.The results showed that drip application of aliconazole compound promoter could control cotton plant height and fruit branch growth，the height of cotton plant in T1 treatment was significantly reduced by 2.47 cm，2.17 cm and 2.34 cm compared with CK at 14，21 and 28 d after application，respectively，and the length of the third，sixth and ninth fruiting branches was significantly shortened by 20.0%，20.7% and 36.7% compared with CK respectively.The height of cotton plant in T2 treatment was significantly reduced by 0.74 and 1.27 cm at 14 and 21 d after application，and the difference with CK was not significant at 28 d after application，and the length of the third，sixth and ninth fruiting branches was shortened by 9.1%，12.0%and 36.6% respectively compared with CK，and the dry matter accumulation of buds and bolls was increased by 7.32% and 19.13% respectively compared with CK at 40 and 50 d after application，and the proportion of its reproductive organs increased by 6.09% and 4.94% respectively compared with CK.Among the four drip treatments，the number of bolls per plant in T2 treatment was the highest，which was significantly increased by 3.28% compared with CK，and the lint percentage was relatively higher，and the lint yield was as high as 3 294.77 kg/ha，which was significantly increased by 8.10% compared with CK.There was no significant difference in fiber quality among different treatments.In conclusion，drip application of uniconazole compounded with diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate is effective in improving agronomic traits，dry matter accumulation and distribution in reproductive organs，number of bolls per plant and yield of cotton.

Mitigation Effect of Exogenous Application of Phosphate Fertilizer on Cadmium Accumulation in Wheat

WANG Jun, LI Guangxin, LI Chang, LIU Hongen, GAO Wei, QIN Shiyu, WANG Long, SUI Fuqing, FENG Yang, ZHAO Peng

2024, 53(3): 78-86. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.007

Asbtract ( )

PDF (3239KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

A soil pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous application of phosphate fertilizer on the absorption and accumulation of cadmium(Cd)by wheat in soils contaminated with Cd(4 mg/kg)during different growth stages(jointing，flowering and mature stages).The results showed that exogenous phosphorus supply[P150(potassium dihydrogen phosphate，150 mg/kg of phosphorus pentoxide),P600(potassium dihydrogen phosphate，600 mg/kg of phosphorus pentoxide)]significantly increased soil available phosphorus content,which showed a decreasing trend with wheat growth stages.The overall effective Cd content in the soil was significantly reduced,with a decrease of 23.02% and 28.79%,22.66% and 36.73%,29.41% and 28.53% respectively during the jointing,flowering,and mature stages.Compared with no phosphorus(P0)treatment,the biomass of wheat under P150 treatment was the highest,indicating that under the condition of Cd stress,excessive application of phosphorus fertilizer could not continue to increase wheat biomass. Under Cd stress，exogenous phosphorus(P150 and P600)treatment mainly reduced the Cd content in wheat roots,which decreased by 20.40% and 13.32% at jointing stage,1.81% and 30.73% at flowering stage,14.80% and 32.01% at mature stage,respectively.At the same time,exogenous application of phosphorus fertilizer significantly reduced the translocation of Cd from roots to grains at mature stage,which decreased by 48.72% and 42.32%,respectively. In summary，exogenous application of phosphorus fertilizer reduced the soil available Cd content,significantly alleviated the toxicity of Cd to wheat by reducing the absorption of Cd by roots and the transfer of Cd to grains at mature stage,and increased the biomass of wheat under a certain phosphorus supply level.

Effect of Microbial Compound Agent Addition on Maturation Rate of Distiller’s Grains Compost

ZENG Xiang, JIANG Youfeng, YANG Mingkai, CHENG Lifangyu, CAI Jiangbo, ZHENG Bowen, RAN Xuesong, WANG Yan, HU Xiaona

2024, 53(3): 87-94. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.008

Asbtract ( )

PDF (1735KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

To study the maturation of distiller’s grains compost，Jiangxiang distiller’s grains were used as the main raw material. Rice straw fermented for liquor production was added to improve aeration，and calcium‐magnesium phosphorus fertilizer was added to increase the pH value.The high‐temperature aerobic composting lasted 36 days.Temperature，pH，electrical conductivity，nitrogen content，and germination index during composting were determined to explore the effects of the microbial compound agent composed of Bacillus subtilis，Bacillus amyloliquefaciens，and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the composting process and maturation rate.The results showed that the control group without an extra microbial agent and the treatment group added with the microbial compound agent experienced 30 days of high‐temperature period and then entered the cooling period. Both groups reached the harmless standard of high‐temperature compost. Compared with the control group，the addition of the microbial compound agent increased the rate of heap warming by 0.16 ℃/d from days 1 to 19，increased the pH growth rate by 0.04/d during days 1 to 9，decreased the electrical conductivity values by 0.15—0.30 mS/cm during days 18 to 24 and 30 to 36，and reduced the accumulation of NH4+‐N by 20.81%—33.23% from days 12 to 36.The germination index increased to 70.85% on the 30th day after the inoculation of the microbial compound agent，meeting the maturation requirement of organic fertilizer，while the germination index of the control group only reached 47.21%.To sum up，the compound microbial agent can accelerate the degradation of organic matter，rapidly improve the acidic environment，reduce the concentration of salt and ammonium nitrogen，promote the rapid increase of seed germination index，accelerate the composting process of distiller’s grains，and improve the composting speed.

Study on the Control Effect of Potato Fusarium Wilt by Co‐culture of Trichoderma asperellum PT‐29 and Bacillus subtilis S‐16

ZHANG Yinqiang, HAO Jianxiu, ZHAO Yuanzheng, WANG Dong, ZHOU Hongyou

2024, 53(3): 95-102. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.009

Asbtract ( )

PDF (1882KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Potato Fusarium wilt，a soil borne fungal disease，causes serious harm during the entire growth period of potato，and occurs in varying degrees in major potato producing areas throughout the country.In order to reduce the use of chemical pesticides，the inhibition effects of Trichoderma asperellum PT‐29 and Bacillus subtilis S‐16 on Fusarium oxysporum，the main pathogenic fungus of potato wilt disease were studied.Furthermore，the control effects of co‐culture fermentation broth of two strains on potato wilt and related defense enzyme activities of potato were tested by pot experiment.The results indicated that two strains and three proportional co‐culture broth all showed inhibition effect on Fusarium oxysporum，and the combination of PT‐29 and S‐16 co‐culture broth（B1T1，ratio 1∶1）showed the best inhibition effect.In addition，the control effect of B treatment（fermentation broth of S‐16 single‐culture）on potato wilt was 60.09%，T（fermentation broth of PT‐29 single‐culture）was 54.85％，but B1T1 was up to 73.44%.Under pathogen stress，the activities of catalase（CAT），superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD），and phenylalanine ammonlyase（PAL）in potato leaves treated with B1T1+ FO（inoculateing Fusarium oxysporum）treatment，were significantly higher than FO treatment，and the peak values were increased by 56.44％，766.89％，111.84％，179.34％ respectively compared with the FO treatment. Overall，the control effect of co‐culture fermentation broth combination B1T1 on potato wilt is higher than that of single‐culture fermentation broth，which provides theoretical support for controlling potato wilt with composite microorganisms.

Biocontrol Effect of Bacillus siamensis Y‐54 against Tomato Leaf Mold

ZENG Wanning, WANG Yanxuan, WANG Fanzhen, CHEN Zhaorong, LIU Huiqin, JIANG Yongcheng, Azmat·Turhorn, LI Baotong

2024, 53(3): 103-109. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.010

Asbtract ( )

PDF (1834KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to clarify the biocontrol effect of Bacillus siamensis Y‐54 against tomato leaf mold and provide a scientific basis for the biological control of tomato leaf mold，the inhibitory effect of strain Y‐54 on Cladosporium fulvum was measured by confrontation and microscopic observation，and the colonization of antagonistic strain Y‐54 in tomato was studied by irrigation method. The growth promoting effect of the strain Y‐54 on seed germination and seedling growth of tomato was studied by soaking seed method and filling root method.The control effect was measured by pot experiment. The result showed that strain Y‐54 and its fermentation broth and sterile filtrate all had strong inhibitory effects on C.fulvum，with inhibition rates reaching 78.42%，86.42% and 91.26%，respectively.The sterile filtrate could make mycelium of C.fulvum deform，bend，shrink，expand and break. The strain Y‐54 could colonize in the roots，stems and leaves of tomato within 30 days. The colonization of the strain Y‐54 reached the peak at 15—18 d. The colonization in the root was always higher than that in other parts. Strain Y‐54 could effectively promote seed germination. The germination rate of fermentation broth（0×）treatment was the highest，reaching 93.33%.Moreover，it could effectively promote the increase of root length，plant height，fresh weight，chlorophyll and other indexes of seedlings. The growth promoting effect of 0×，10× and 20×fermentation broth was significantly higher than that of the control with sterile water.The control effects of strain Y‐54 fermentation broth on tomato leaf mold within 7 days and 14 days were 68.04% and 71.07%，respectively，close to that of phenoxymethyclozole treatment，and significantly higher than that of carbendazim treatment. In summary，the strain Y‐54 had good control effect on tomato leaf mold，and it was a biocontrol bacterium worth further development and utilization.

Characteristics of Lignocellulose Variation in Lentinus edodes Culture Material during Different Growth Periods

LIU Lina, LI Shunfeng, XU Fangfang, CUI Guomei, GAO Shuaiping, WANG Anjian, TIAN Guangrui, WEI Shuxin

2024, 53(3): 110-117. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.011

Asbtract ( )

PDF (1530KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to explore the characteristics of lignocellulose variation in Lentinus edodes culture material during different growth periods and promote its efficient degradation and utilization，with Lentinus edodes culture material as the material，the lignocellulose content，crystallinity of cellulose，lignocellulose functional groups and fiber morphology of Lentinus edodes culture material at each growth period were analyzed by Van Soest method，X‐ray diffraction method，Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）and optical microscopic imaging. Results showed that with the growth of Lentinus edodes，the content of lignocellulose components were decreased significantly，cellulose degraded more in reproductive growth stage，and the degradation rate of hemicellulose，lignin and holocellulose accelerated after entering the color conversion period. The contents of cellulose，hemicellulose，lignin and holocellulose in the second mushroom period were reduced by 34.73%，61.58%，57.15% and 42.33% respectively compared with that in raw materials.The Lentinus edodes culture material at each growth period had typical cellulose X‐ray diffraction characteristics，the crystalline region of cellulose was destroyed，and the crystallinity of typical diffraction peaks continued to decrease.FTIR showed that the main absorption peaks position of the lignocellulose infrared spectral characteristic functional groups did not change，but the intensity weakened，which was consistent with the degradation and utilization of lignocellulose components.The ratios of I1723/I1510，I1383/I1510 and I1157/I1510 showed a decreasing trend，while I897/I1510 showed an increasing trend in the color conversion and first mushroom periods，indicating that the degradation degree of lignocellulose components was different，and lignin had a faster degradation rate than cellulose in this growth period.The fiber length and width generally showed a decreasing trend，and there were significant differences between the second mushroom and other growth periods. Observed by the microscope，the cellulose wall and inner lumen in the second mushroom period were destroyed，which was obviously different from the raw material.Therefore，Lentinus edodes has a strong continuous degradation effect on the culture lignocellulose，could significantly reduce the lignocellulose content，destroy the crystalline region of cellulose，and change the infrared spectrum absorption peak and fiber morphology.

Changes of Endogenous Hormones and Carbohydrates during Rhizome Formation and Development of Herbaceous Peony

WANG Huijuan, WANG Erqiang, FU Zhenzhu, LI Yanmin, WANG Xiaohui, YUAN Xin, GAO Jie, WANG Limin, ZHANG Hechen

2024, 53(3): 118-124. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.012

Asbtract ( )

PDF (2436KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The rhizome of herbaceous peony is the precondition and foundation for plants to regenerate naturally and ramet propagation. It’s important to clarify the changes of endogenous hormones and carbohydrates during the formation and development of rhizome of herbaceous peony.The seedlings of herbaceous peony were taken as the materials to observe the morphological changes as well as the changes of endogenous hormones and carbohydrates. The results showed that the formation and development of rhizomes could be divided into four stages：vegetative growth stage（Ⅰ），rhizome transition stage（Ⅱ），expansion stage（Ⅲ）and late expansion stage（Ⅳ）.There were many differences in endogenous hormones during the early stages of rhizomes formation and development.The content of ABA and GA₃increased sharply during the rhizome transition stage（Ⅱ），reached the peak（94.96 ng/g and 541.53 ng/g）and then decreased significantly.ABA and GA₃ jointly regulated the initial formation of rhizomes. Auxins and cytokinins were highly expressed during the rhizome transition stage（Ⅱ）and expansion stage（Ⅲ），which played a dominant role in the development and expansion of rhizomes.The content of glucose and fructose decreased significantly during the rhizome transition stage（Ⅱ）and maintained a lower level in the late stages. However，the content of sucrose and starch assumed a trend of increasing with the formation and development of rhizomes，which were the main carbohydrates stored and accumulated in rhizomes

Expression and Purification of H5N1 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus HA Protein in Rice Endosperm

QU Xiaotian, WANG Ya’nan, XU Qianru, LI Xueyang, ZHANG Shenli, ZHANG Erqin, ZHANG Gaiping

2024, 53(3): 125-132. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.013

Asbtract ( )

PDF (1747KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to prepare the HA protein of H5N1 subtype avian influenza virus and evaluate its immunogenicity，the recombinant plant expression vector pCAMBIA1300‐HA was constructed to express the recombinant HA protein of H5N1 subtype avian influenza virus by using a rice expression system，which had a GT13‐specific promoter，signal peptide SP and terminator，and was conducive to the expression of exogenous genes in rice.The recombinant plasmid pCAMBIA1300‐HA was introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 by electroconversion，and the positive colonies were screened to infect rice calli. After dark culture，hygromycin screening，differentiation，rooting，they grew into seedlings.The DNA of rice leaves was extracted by CTAB method，and the results of PCR identification showed that the HA gene had been inserted into the rice genome，and the size of the recombinant HA gene was 4 660 bp.The positive plants were transplanted into the field，and the rice seeds were harvested 4 months later，and then the rice endosperm protein was extracted.Western blot identification results showed that HA protein was successfully expressed in the rice endosperm.The recombinant HA protein was separated and purified by Q anion chromatography，hydrophobic chromatography and gel filtration chromatography，and its purity reached more than 90%.The purified recombinant HA protein was mixed with ISA 50V adjuvant and emulsified to make a vaccine，which was used to immunize mice.The mice serum had a high level of specific antibodies，indicating that the immunogenicity of the recombinant HA protein was better.In summary，a rice expression system for the recombinant HA protein of H5N1 subtype avian influenza virus was successfully constructed，and the recombinant HA protein with high purity and good immunogenicity was isolated and purified.

Investigation on Anti‐MDV Active Components and Mechanism of Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Van. Based on Network Pharmacology

MA Shengming, ZHANG Fuliang, WENG Shaoting, XING Yueteng, WANG Yao, ZHANG Kunpeng

2024, 53(3): 133-140. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.014

Asbtract ( )

PDF (6203KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The purpose of this study was to explore the active components，targets and possible mechanisms of Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Van. against Marek’s disease virus（MDV）by using network pharmacological methods. The TCMSP database was used to search the chemical components and action targets of Artemisia argyi Lévl.et Van.，and the MDV related host gene targets were collected through relevant literature to establish a target database；by using STRING database and Cytoscape 3.8.0 software，target protein interaction network and active ingredient‐key target network were constructed to screen core targets and main active ingredients；the DAVID database was used to analyze GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment of key targets；finally，molecular docking technology was used to verify the binding ability of the main active ingredients to key targets.The results showed that eight active components were screened from Artemisia argyi Lévl.et Van.，and 108 gene targets interacted with MDV host genes.The main targets of Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Van. with anti‐MDV action were JUN，CCND1，CDK1，IL‐6，etc；GO analysis involved cell activity，inflammatory reaction and other processes，and KEGG enrichment analysis involved C‐type lectin receptor signal pathway，MAPK signal pathway，cell aging，p53 signal pathway，apoptosis，Toll like receptor signal pathway，etc.The molecular docking results showed that the binding ability of eupatilin to the target protein CCND1 was the strongest.The results indicate that the main active component of Artemisia argyi Lévl.et Van.，eupatilin，may interfere with cell cycle and affect cell activity by acting on CCND1，thereby exerting anti‐MDV effects.

Light Weight Detection Algorithm for Apple Surface Defect Based on Improved YOLOv7

LI Dahua, KONG Shu, LI Dong, YU Xiao

2024, 53(3): 141-150. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.015

Asbtract ( )

PDF (4276KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Aiming at how to improve the detection speed and accuracy of apple surface defects and solve the problem of large model memory ratio，a lightweight detection algorithm for apple surface defects based on improved YOLOv7 was proposed. Firstly，GhostNetV2 was introduced as the backbone of YOLOv7 network，which effectively reduced the model complexity and improved the detection speed.SimAM attention‐free mechanism was introduced to enhance the feature information of different depth.The bidirectional weighted feature pyramid BiFPN was used for weighted feature fusion to further improve the detection accuracy of apple surface defects.Finally，the ECIOU loss function was used to calculate the boundary frame loss，which further improved the convergence speed and the overall performance of the model.Experimental results showed that compared with the original YOLOv7 network，the improved model improved the apple surface defect detection mAP@0.5 by 2 percentage points，the accuracy rate and recall rate by 1.7 and 3.9 percentage points respectively. The model decreased by 20.8 MB and the speed increased by 36.43 FPS.Its comprehensive performance was also better than SSD，CenterNet and other mainstream algorithms，which can realize the rapid and accurate diagnosis of apple surface defects.

Lightweight YOLO v5s Blueberry Detection Algorithm Based on Attention Mechanism

LIU Yongmin, ZHANG Wei, MA Haizhi, LIU Yuan, ZHANG Yi

2024, 53(3): 151-157. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.016

Asbtract ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

To achieve precise and rapid detection of blueberries in natural environments，an improved algorithm combining lightweight networks and attention mechanisms was proposed based on YOLO v5s.Firstly，the structure of the maximum object detection layer was removed at the positions of the backbone network and detection heads，thereby reducing the number of model parameters and enhancing the model’s ability to detect small targets. Secondly，MHSA（Multi‐head self‐attention）was used to replace the C3 module before SPPF（Spatial pyramid pooling‐fast），enabling the model to learn more comprehensive feature representations and enhancing its understanding of complex spatial relationships and contextual information in blueberry images. Finally，S‐PSA（Sequential polarized self‐attention）was added to the C3 module to better capture the contextual dependencies between adjacent regions in the feature map. The experimental results showed that the improved YOLO v5s algorithm improved the detection accuracy of mature blueberries，semi mature blueberries，and immature blueberries by 1.2，4.4，2.6 percentage points，respectively，with average accuracy increase of 2.7 percentage points and 76% reduction in model parameter count. Compared with the current mainstream lightweight object detection models，the improved model has superior performance and can provide an effective solution for the visual system of blueberry picking robots in natural environments.

Comparison of Post‐harvest Quality Changes and Storage Toleranceof Baimi Series Pumpkin Varieties（Lines）

WANG Pengwei, YAN Xiaowen, LIU Zhenyu, SUN Li, LIU Zhenwei, LI Xinzheng

2024, 53(3): 158-168. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.017

Asbtract ( )

PDF (4894KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

The Baimi series of pumpkin varieties（lines）were used as experimental materials，and stored at 16—18℃ for 6 storage periods（10，20，30，40，50，60 d）. The nutritional quality and physiological indexes such as soluble solids content，starch content，soluble sugar content，β‐carotene content，vitamin C content，malondialdehyde content，respiration rate，weight loss rate and peel hardness were measured.The storage tolerance and quality changes of Baimi series of pumpkin varieties（lines）were analyzed，and the storage tolerance was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis，correlation analysis and cluster analysis，in order to screen out pumpkin varieties（lines）with strong storability.The results showed that the starch content of Baimi 5 was the highest in different storage periods，with an average of 1.39 mg/g.The highest respiration rate，soluble solids content and β‐carotene content of Baimi 3 were 34.60 mg（/kg·h），10.80% and 25.20 μg/g，respectively. The peel hardness of Baimi 10 was the highest，with an average of 25.17 N.The weight loss rate of Baimi 2 was the highest，with an average of 8.95%.The results of principal component analysis showed that the storage indexes of the tested pumpkin varieties（lines） could be expressed by five principal components，and the cumulative contribution rate of variance was 91.922%. Furthermore，the storage tolerance of Baimi series pumpkin varieties（lines）was comprehensively evaluated by membership function method and cluster analysis.The results showed that Baimi 10 could be used as a storage‐tolerant variety for planting and promotion，while Baimi 2 had poor storability and was suitable for short‐distance transportation or local sales.

Optimization of Solid State Fermentation Conditions of Rabdosia rubescens Dregs

CHEN Lu, ZHOU Shengwei, XU Keke, ZHANG Gaoyang, LIU Wenze, CAO Xiaofeng, YANG Linlin, DONG Chengming

2024, 53(3): 169-180. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.018

Asbtract ( )

PDF (3063KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to select the optimum conditions for solid state fermentation of Rabdosia rubescens dregs，the effects of yeast and lactic acid bacteria solid state fermentation on the content of oleanolic acid，ursolic acid，crude protein，crude fiber，crude fat，calcium，crude ash and lysine were studied under different inoculation amount，different ratio of material to liquid，different fermentation time and different fermentation temperature，andcorrelation and principal component analysis was conducted. The results showed that the optimal fermentation conditions of solid state fermentation of yeast were as follows：inoculation amount was 6%，feed‐liquid ratio was 1∶1.2，fermentation time was 3 days and the temperature for fermentation was 28℃.Under these conditions，the contents of crude protein，crude fat，calcium，crude ash，oleanolic acid and ursolic acid increased by 0.93%，23.08%，13.89%，19.74%，15.00% and 16.22% respectively.The content of crude fiber decreased by 1.19% compared with that before fermentation.The correlation between oleanolic acid and ursolic acid reached 0.86，showing an extremely significant positive correlation.The correlation between crude protein and calcium，crude ash and lysine reached 0.95，0.97 and 0.90 respectively，showing an extremely significant positive correlation.The optimal fermentation conditions for lactic acid bacteria were：inoculation amount was 6%，feed‐liquid ratio was 1∶1.2，fermentation time was 6 days and the temperature for fermentation was 28℃.Under these conditions，the contents of crude protein，crude fat，calcium，crude ash and lysine increased by 33.02%，23.08%，74.07%，51.32% and 21.21% respectively，and the content of crude fiber decreased by 24.76%.The correlation between crude protein and lysine reached 0.77，showing a very significant positive correlation. In summary，both yeast and lactic acid bacteria solid fermentation can improve the nutritional value of Rabdosia rubescens dregs.

Table of Content