Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Grain Filling Characteristics，Yield and Quality of Different Summer Maize Varieties

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.003

Abstract

Abstract: Two maize varieties Dika 517（DK 517，with faster dehydration rate）and Zhengdan 1002（ZD1002，with slower dehydration rate）were used as the materials to explore the effects of nitrogen rate[0 kg/ha(N0)180 kg/ha(N1)and 300 kg/ha(N2)]on grain filling characteristics，dehydration rate，yield and quality of summer maize，so as to provide a theoretical basis for the high‐quality and efficient production of summer maize in Huang‐Huai‐Hai region.The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen rate，the dry grain weight of DK 517 and ZD 1002 generally gradually increased，grains number per row and yield first increased and then decreased，crude protein content of grains increased，and crude starch content decreased.In general，N1 treatment had the highest biomass under maximum grain filling rate and maximum grain filling rate，the longest active filling period，the highest grains number per row，then the highest yield，which was 9 694. 60 kg/ha and 11 204.56 kg/ha for DK 517 and ZD 1002，respectively，and the grain crude protein content was higher.Different nitrogen application rate treatments had different effects on grain filling characteristics of maize varieties with different dehydration rates.At 15—24 days after pollination，there were significant differences in grain moisture content under different nitrogen application rate treatments. At 58 days after pollination，the grain moisture content of DK 517 showed N2>N1>N0，and that of ZD 1002 showed N1>N0>N2.At 49—58 days after pollination，the dehydration rate of grain was the highest under N0 treatment.Compared with ZD 1002，DK 517 had higher biomass under maximum grain filling rate and maximum grain filling rate，earlier days reaching maximum filling rate，shorter active filling period，lower grain moisture content，lower grain dehydration rate at the early filling stage and higher rate at the middle and late filling stages，lower grains number per row，100‐grain weight，yield and crude fat content of grain，and higher crude protein and starch content.The dehydration rate of grains was significantly negatively correlated with spike diameter and bald tip length，and significantly positively correlated with spike length and crude starch content.To sum up，nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/ha can promote grain filling，and improve yield and crude protein content of grain.

Key words: Summer maize, Nitrogen application rate, Grain filling, Grain quality, Dehydration rate, Plant characters

摘要： 以脱水速率不同的2个夏玉米品种迪卡517(DK 517，脱水速率较快)和郑单1002(ZD 1002，脱水速率较慢)为材料，研究施氮量[0 kg/hm²(N0)、180 kg/hm²(N1)、300 kg/hm²(N2)]对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性、脱水速率、产量和品质的影响，以期为黄淮海夏玉米优质高效生产提供理论依据。结果表明，随着施氮量的增加，DK 517和ZD 1002籽粒干质量总体上均逐渐增加，行粒数和产量先增加后降低，籽粒粗蛋白含量增加，粗淀粉含量降低。N1处理总体上籽粒灌浆速率最大时的生长量和最大灌浆速率最高，活跃灌浆期最长，行粒数最多，进而产量最高，分别为9 694.60 kg/hm2和11 204.56 kg/hm²，且籽粒粗蛋白含量较高。不同施氮量处理对不同脱水类型夏玉米品种籽粒灌浆特性影响不同。授粉后15~24 d，不同处理夏玉米籽粒含水量之间差异显著，授粉后58 d，DK 517籽粒含水量表现为N2>N1>N0，ZD 1002籽粒含水量表现为N1>N0>N2。授粉后49~58 d，N0处理籽粒脱水速率最高。与ZD 1002相比，DK 517籽粒灌浆速率最大时的生长量和最大灌浆速率较高，到达最大灌浆速率的时间较早，活跃灌浆期较短，籽粒含水量较低，灌浆前期籽粒脱水速率较低，中后期较高，行粒数、百粒质量和产量较低，籽粒粗脂肪含量较低，粗蛋白和粗淀粉含量较高。籽粒脱水速率与穗粗、秃尖长呈显著或极显著负相关，与穗长和粗淀粉含量呈显著或极显著正相关。综上，施氮180 kg/hm2可促进夏玉米籽粒灌浆，提高产量和籽粒粗蛋白含量。

关键词: 夏玉米, 施氮量, 籽粒灌浆, 籽粒品质, 脱水速率, 植株性状

CLC Number:

S513

QIAO Jiangfang, HE Jiawen, HOU Chuanwei, ZHANG Meiwei, YANG Mingbo, HAN Linlin, ZHANG Panpan, LI Chuan, NIU Jun, GUO Hanxiao, MU Weilin. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Grain Filling Characteristics，Yield and Quality of Different Summer Maize Varieties[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 53(3): 33-42.

乔江方, 何佳雯, 侯传伟, 张美微, 杨铭波, 韩琳琳, 张盼盼, 李川, 牛军, 郭涵潇, 穆蔚林. 施氮量对不同夏玉米品种籽粒灌浆特性、产量和品质的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2024, 53(3): 33-42.

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