Effect of Drought Stress on Photosynthetic and Physiological Characteristics of Flag Leaves of Different Wheat Varieties at Filling Stage

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.005

Abstract

Abstract: The drought⁃resistant wheat variety Zhengmai 1860，its parents，and Zhoumai 18（control）were used as materials.The gas exchange parameters，chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics，antioxidant enzyme activities，osmotic adjustment substances contents in flag leaves，and water use efficiency of different wheat varieties were studied under drought treatment（irrigation only at the jointing stage during the entire growth period），so as to provide valuable insights for optimizing water⁃efficient wheat cultivation，developing drought⁃resistant cultivars，and advancing water⁃saving breeding programs.The results showed that，under drought stress，the net photosynthetic rate（Pn），stomatal conductance（Gs），transpiration rate（Tr）and maximum photomassive efficiency（Fv/Fm），potential photochemical activity（Fv/Fo），actual photomassive efficiency（ФPSⅡ），and electron transfer rate（ETR）of PSⅡ of the flag leaf of Zhengmai 1860 were significantly higher than those of Zhoumai 18，and the intercellular CO₂ concentration（Ci） was significantly lower than that of Zhoumai 18，followed by Zhoumai 22；The activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD）and catalase（CAT），and the contents of soluble protein，soluble sugar and proline in the flag leaf of Zhengmai 1860 were significantly higher than those of Zhoumai 18，and the content of malondialdehyde（MDA）was significantly lower than that of Zhoumai 18，followed by Zhoumai 22；The yield and water use efficiency of Zhengmai 1860 were significantly higher than those of Zhoumai 18，which was mainly due to the significant improvement of the thousand⁃grain weight and the number of grains per spike，and followed by Zhoumai 22.In conclusion，Zhengmai 1860 enhances antioxidant enzyme activity，and osmotic adjustment capacity under drought stress at filling stage，protects the photosynthetic electron transport process of PSⅡ，alleviates the degree of nonstomatal restriction and membrane lipid peroxidation，and maintains higher Pn at filling stage，thus obtaining higher yield.

Key words: Wheat, Drought resistance, Water use efficiency, Photosynthesis, Antioxidant enzymes

摘要： 以抗旱性强的小麦品种郑麦1860及其亲本、周麦18（对照）为研究对象，研究干旱胁迫（全生育期仅拔节期灌水）下不同小麦品种旗叶气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量及水分利用率，为小麦水分高效利用、抗旱节水栽培和小麦新品种培育提供技术支撑。结果表明，干旱胁迫下，郑麦1860旗叶光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）及PSⅡ的最大光量子效率（Fv/Fm）、潜在光化学活性（Fv/Fo）、实际光量子效率（ФPSⅡ）、电子传递效率（ETR）均显著高于周麦18，胞间CO₂ 浓度（Ci）显著低于周麦18，其次是周麦22；郑麦1860 旗叶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性及可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量均显著高于周麦18，丙二醛（MDA）含量显著低于周麦18，周麦22次之；郑麦1860的产量和水分利用率均显著高于周麦18，这主要得益于其千粒质量和穗粒数的显著提高，周麦22次之。综上，干旱胁迫下，郑麦1860在灌浆期通过增强抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节能力，保护了PSⅡ的光合电子传递过程，减轻了非气孔限制和膜脂过氧化程度，维持了较高的Pn，从而获得较高的籽粒产量。

关键词: 小麦, 抗旱性, 水分利用率, 光合作用, 抗氧化酶

CLC Number:

S512

PENG Chaojun, HUA Xia, WANG Songfeng, GAO Chong, DONG Haibin, HU Lin. Effect of Drought Stress on Photosynthetic and Physiological Characteristics of Flag Leaves of Different Wheat Varieties at Filling Stage[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(2): 40-47.

彭超军, 华夏, 王松峰, 高崇, 董海滨, 胡琳. 干旱胁迫对不同小麦品种灌浆期旗叶光合及生理特性的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(2): 40-47.

Figures/Tables 5

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