Effects of Soybean and Maize Stubbles on Bacterial Community Structure and Function in Winter Wheat Rhizosphere Soil

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.07.009

Abstract

Abstract: To explore the differences in the effects of maize stubble and soybean stubble in the Huang‑Huai‑Hai area，in 2023，rhizosphere soil samples at the jointing stage of winter wheat were collected under the conditions of long‑term positioning test fields for up to 4 years（2019—2023）.The responses of rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure and function to no nitrogen application（N0）and conventional nitrogen application（N240，pure nitrogen 240 kg/ha） were studied by using 16S high‑throughput sequencing technology combined with Tax4Fun2 function prediction analysis in the jointing stage of winter wheat under maize（M）stubble and soybean（S）stubble，respectively.There were four treatments（MN0，SN0，MN240，SN240）in total.The results showed that，at the phylum level，Proteobacteria，Acidobacteria，Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteriota were the dominant rhizosphere bacteria of winter wheat with a relative abundance of 66.66%—69.56%.Under N0 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in S stubble was significantly increased by 19.10% compared with that in M stubble（P<0.05），and under N240 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in S stubble was significantly increased by 11.90% compared with that in M stubble（P<0.05）.At the order level，Vicinamibacterales and Burkholderiales were the dominant bacteria with a relative abundance of 18.42%—19.68%. Under N0 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of Vicinamibacterales in S stubble was significantly reduced by 13.69% compared with that in M stubble（P<0.05）；The relative abundance of Burkholderiales was increased significantly by 11.31%（P<0.05）.Through the Tax4Fun2 function prediction and the KEGG data comparison，it was found that there were significant differences in the relative abundance of seven functional pathways under the metabolism category under N0 nitrogen application rate（P<0.05），and correlation analysis further revealed that there was a significant correlation between Vicinamibacterales and Burkholderiales and amino acid metabolism pathways（P<0.01）.There were 26 functional genes involved in soil nitrogen cycling pathway in winter wheat soil bacteria，and the relative abundance of denitrification functional genes accounted for the largest proportion.Under N0 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of denitrification functional genes norB，norC and nirS in M stubble was significantly higher than that in S stubble（P<0.05）.In conclusion，the stubble causes the soil bacterial community structure of winter wheat to change under different amount of nitrogen. Different stubble affects the nitrogen metabolism function of bacterial community by changing the structure of rhizosphere soil bacterial community.

Key words: Winter wheat, Soybean stubble, Maize stubble, Rhizosphere soil, Bacterial community structure, Function prediction, Nitrogen cycle

摘要： 为探明黄淮海地区玉米茬口和大豆茬口微生物遗留效应的差异，于2023年在长达4 a（2019—2023年）的长期定位试验田中采集冬小麦拔节期的根际土壤样品，采用16S高通量测序技术并结合Tax4Fun2功能预测分析，研究玉米茬口（M）和大豆茬口（S）下冬小麦拔节期根际土壤细菌群落结构及功能对不施氮（N0）和常规施氮（N240，纯氮240 kg/hm2）共4个处理（MN0、SN0、MN240、SN240）的响应。结果表明，门水平下，变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）为冬小麦拔节期根际优势菌门，优势菌门相对丰度为66.66%~69.56%。N0施氮量S茬口的拟杆菌门相对丰度比M茬口显著增加了19.10%（P<0.05）；N240施氮量S茬口的变形菌门相对丰度比M 茬口显著增加了11.90%（P<0.05）。目水平下，Vicinamibacterales 与伯克氏菌目（Burkholderiales）为优势菌目，优势菌目相对丰度为18.42%~19.68%。N0 施氮量S 茬口的Vicinamibacterales 相对丰度比M 茬口显著减少了13.69%（P<0.05），伯克氏菌目相对丰度显著增加了11.31%（P<0.05）。通过Tax4Fun2功能预测，与KEGG数据库对比发现，N0施氮量下新陈代谢分类中的7个二级功能途径相对丰度存在显著差异（P<0.05）；进一步通过相关性分析发现，Vicinamibacterales和伯克氏菌目与氨基酸代谢途径存在极显著相关关系（P<0.01）。冬小麦土壤细菌有26个功能基因参与土壤氮循环途径，其中反硝化功能基因相对丰度最高。N0施氮量M茬口的norB、norC、nirS 型反硝化功能基因相对丰度显著高于S茬口（P<0.05）。综上，不同施氮量下茬口均造成冬小麦拔节期根际土壤细菌群落结构发生变化，不同茬口通过改变根际土壤细菌群落结构进一步影响细菌群落氮代谢功能。

关键词: 冬小麦, 大豆茬口, 玉米茬口, 根际土壤, 细菌群落结构, 功能预测, 氮循环

CLC Number:

S512.1

GUO Hui, LIAN Yanhao, ZHAO Zhibo, REN Yongzhe, WANG Zhiqiang, LIN Tongbao. Effects of Soybean and Maize Stubbles on Bacterial Community Structure and Function in Winter Wheat Rhizosphere Soil[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 53(7): 79-89.

郭辉, 连延浩, 赵志博, 任永哲, 王志强, 林同保. 大豆和玉米茬口对冬小麦根际土壤细菌群落结构和功能的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2024, 53(7): 79-89.

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