Changes of Soil Nutrients in Summer Corn Field during Different Flood Duration

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.07.010

Abstract

Abstract: The study of the distribution and changes of soil hydrolyzed nitrogen，available phosphorus，available potassium，and organic matter in typical flooded summer corn fields of Weihui City，Henan Province in July 2021 will provide efficient fertilization strategies for post disaster farmland reclamation.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the distribution of hydrolyzed nitrogen within the 0—40 cm soil layer for different flooding duration of 1—2，5—7，10—12，20—25 and over 30 days，while in 40—60 cm soil layer of cultivated land with flooding duration ≥10 d it was significantly lower than that of cultivated land with less than 10 d.However，the content of available phosphorus in 20—40 and 40—60 cm soil layers increased with the increase of flooding days overall. The longer the flooding time of 0—20 cm soil layer，the higher the content of available potassium overall.The content of available potassium in 20—40 and 40—60 cm soil layers decreased first and then increased with the increase of flooding time.The longer the flooding time of 20—40 and 40—60 cm soil layers，the lower the soil organic matter content overall，but the organic matter content of 0—20 cm soil layer increased first and then decreased with the increase of flooding days，and the organic matter content was the highest in 10—12 days.In summary，due to the different ways and mechanisms of soil nutrient transformation and migration，summer maize field with different flooding days shows different profile distribution characteristics of soil nutrient.It is suggested that nitrogen fertilizer should be supplemented in time in flooded farmlands，and green manure should be supplemented in time to increase soil organic matter content.

Key words: Summer corn, Flood, Waterlogging, Soil nutrient

摘要： 选择2021年7月洪水致灾的河南省卫辉市洪淹区典型地块研究洪淹夏玉米田土壤水解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量及分布变化，为灾后农田复垦提供高效施肥策略。结果表明，不同淹水天数（1~2 d、5~7 d、10~12 d、20~25 d、超过30 d）0~40 cm土层的水解氮分布没有显著性差异，40~60 cm土层淹水≥10 d的土壤水解氮含量显著低于淹水不足10 d的；但20~40、40~60 cm土层速效磷的含量则随淹水天数增加整体呈上升趋势；0~20 cm土层淹水时间越长整体上速效钾含量越高，20~40、40~60 cm土层速效钾含量则随淹水时长增加表现出先下降再升高的趋势；20~40、40~60 cm土层淹水时间越长整体上土壤有机质含量越低，但0~20 cm土层有机质含量随淹水天数增加先升后降，淹水10~12 d有机质含量最高。综上，不同淹水天数夏玉米田土壤养分由于转化与迁移的途径与机制不同，呈现出不同的剖面分布特征，建议洪淹农田及时补施氮肥，补种绿肥提高土壤有机质含量。

关键词: 夏玉米, 洪涝, 淹水, 土壤养分

CLC Number:

HUANG Yanli, SU Hui, HUANG Pengfei, ZHUANG Jingjing, ZHOU Huiping. Changes of Soil Nutrients in Summer Corn Field during Different Flood Duration[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 53(7): 90-99.

黄艳丽, 苏辉, 黄鹏飞, 庄静静, 周会萍. 不同洪淹时长夏玉米田土壤养分的变化[J]. 河南农业科学, 2024, 53(7): 90-99.

References

［1］胡宜昌，董文杰，何勇.21世纪初极端天气气候事件研究进展［J］.地球科学进展，2007，22（10）：1066‑1075.

HU Y C，DONG W J，HE Y.Progress of the study of extreme weather and climate events at the beginning of the twenty first century［J］.Advances in Earth Science，2007，22（10）：1066‑1075.

［2］张建云，王银堂，贺瑞敏，等.中国城市洪涝问题及成因分析［J］.水科学进展，2016，27（4）：485‑491.

ZHANG J Y，WANG Y T，HE R M，et al.Discussion on the urban flood and waterlogging and causes analysis in China［J］.Advances in Water Science，2016，27（4）：485‑491.

［3］李国荣，李希来，陈文婷，等.降雨侵蚀对退化草地土壤养分含量的影响［J］.水土保持研究，2018，25（2）：40‑45.

LI G R，LI X L，CHEN W T，et al.Influences of rain erosion on soil nutrient contents of the deteriorated grassland［J］.Research of Soil and Water Conservation，2018，25（2）：40‑45.

［4］张玉林，陆永兴，尹本丰，等.模拟降雨变化对古尔班通古特沙漠土壤养分及酶活性的影响［J］.生态学报，2022，42（5）：1739‑1749.

ZHANG Y L，LU Y X，YIN B F，et al.Effects of simulated rainfall on soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities in

the Gurbantunggut Desert，China［J］.Acta Ecologica Sinica，2022，42（5）：1739‑1749.

［5］李家明，汪建芳，杨艳芬，等.人工降雨条件下植被覆盖对黄土坡面养分随径流泥沙迁移影响的试验研究［J］.水土保持学报，2021，35（4）：7‑13.

LI J M，WANG J F，YANG Y F，et al.Experimental study on the influence of vegetation cover on loess slope surface

nutrient transport along with runoff and sediment under artificial rainfall［J］.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation，2021，35（4）：7‑13.

［6］高爽，吴磊，迟宇博，等.多因素耦合作用下黄土植被坡面水沙养分流失模拟［J］.水土保持学报，2020，34（4）：104‑111.

GAO S，WU L，CHI Y B，et al.Simulation of runoff‑sediment‑nutrient loss on loess vegetated sloping land under the coupling effect of multi‑factors［J］.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation，2020，34（4）：104‑111.

［7］高儒学，戴全厚，甘艺贤，等.不同雨强下喀斯特坡耕地养分流失特征研究［J］.土壤学报，2019，56（5）：1072‑1084.

GAO R X，DAI Q H，GAN Y X，et al.Characteristics of nutrient loss from sloping farmland in Karst region as a function of rainfall intensity［J］.Acta Pedologica Sinica，2019，56（5）：1072‑1084.

［8］金海洋，王立，赵良元，等.丹江口水库消落带总氮和总磷变化特征及通量研究［J］.长江科学院院报，2023，40（5）：58‑62.

JIN H Y，WANG L，ZHAO L Y，et al.Variation characteristics and flux of TN and TP in water level fluctuation zone of Danjiangkou Reservoir［J］.Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute，2023，40（5）：58‑62.

［9］朱砚涛，苏培兴，张代钧，等三峡水库消落带土壤反硝化特征以及溶解性有机质的影响［J/OL］.中国环境科学，2024：1‑9［2024‑03‑07］. https：//doi.org/10.19674/j. cnki.issn1000‑6923.20240024.001.

ZHU Y T，SU P X，ZHANG D J，et al.The characteristics of denitrification in soil and the effect of dissolved organic

matter for the typical area of water‑level‑fluctuating zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir［J/OL］ .China Environmental Science，2024：1‑9［2024‑03‑07］.https：//doi.org/10.19674/j.cnki.issn1000‑6923.20240024.001.

［10］陈睿，廖雯萍，凌波，等.不同水稻种植模式下淹水及排干期土壤性质和微生物变化［J］.农业环境科学学报，2024，43（6）：1326‑1337.

CHEN R，LIAO W P，LING B，et al.Changes in soil properties and bacterial community during flooding and drainage periods under different rice planting modes［J］.Journal of Agro‑Environment Science，2024，43（6）：1326‑1337.

［11］刘乐，费良军，曾健，等.容重对土壤水氮垂直运移特性的影响［J］.排灌机械工程学报，2020，38（2）：200‑205.

LIU L，FEI L J，ZENG J，et al.Effects of soil bulk density on vertical migration of soil water and nitrogen［J］.Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering，2020，38（2）：200‑205.
［12］周岩，靳嘉雯，邬刚，等.施用氰氨化钙和秸秆对淹水设施土壤磷释放动态特征的影响［J］.农业环境科学学报，2023，42（5）：1100‑1108.

ZHOU Y，JIN J W，WU G，et al.Dynamic characteristics of soil phosphorus release in a flooded greenhouse soil after calcium cyanamide and or straw addition［J］.Journal of Agro‑Environment Science，2023，42（5）：1100‑1108.

［13］陈丽慧，李晗，肖静文，等.干湿环境对河岸带氮素含量及空间分布特征的影响［J］.山东农业大学学报（自然科学版），2022，53（3）：401‑405.

CHEN L H，LI H，XIAO J W，et al.Effects of flooding and drying environments on nitrogen content and spatial distribution in riparian zones［J］.Journal of Shandong Agricultural University（Natural Science Edition），2022，53（3）：401‑405.

［14］马秀艳，蒋磊，宋艳宇，等.温度和水分变化对冻土区泥炭地土壤氮循环功能基因丰度的影响［J］.生态学报，2021，41（17）：6707‑6717.

MA X Y，JIANG L，SONG Y Y，et al.Effects of temperature and moisture changes on functional gene abundance of soil nitrogen cycle in permafrost peatland［J］. Acta Ecologica Sinica，2021，41（17）：6707‑6717.

［15］范浩隆，王旭刚，陈志怀，等.淹水对石灰性土壤无机磷形态转化的影响［J］.植物营养与肥料学报，2021，27（8）：1311‑1320.

FAN H L，WANG X G，CHEN Z H，et al.Effects of flooding on transformation of inorganic phosphorus fraction in calcareous soils［J］.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers，2021，27（8）：1311‑1320.

［16］梁俭，李珊，刘晓凤，等.生物炭对土壤磷淹水释放及吸附特性的影响［J］.江西农业学报，2022，34（12）：72‑78.

LIANG J，LI S，LIU X F，et al.Effects of biochar on phosphorus release and adsorption characteristics from submerged soi［l J］.Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi，2022，34 （12）：72‑78.

［17］张瑞香，樊子豪，冯雪琦，等.洛阳市孟津区黄河河岸带土壤速效钾空间分布及其影响因素［J］.河南农业大学学报，2022，56（4）：652‑660.

ZHANG R X，FAN Z H，FENG X Q，et al.Spatial distribution and influencing factors of soil available potassium in the riparian zone of the Yellow River in Mengjin District，Luoyang City［J］.Journal of Henan Agricultural University，2022，56（4）：652‑660.

［18］张铎，秦丁，杨启睿，等.钾肥用量对菊芋块茎产量、植株生理特性及钾素吸收利用影响效应［J/OL］.农业资源与环境学报，2024：1‑11［2024‑03‑27］.https：//doi.org/10. 13254/j. jare. 2023. 0701.

ZHANG Y，QIN D，YANG Q R，et al.Effects of potassium fertilizer rates on tuber yield，plant physiological characteristics andpotassium absorption and utilization of Helianthus tuberosus L.［J/OL］.Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment，2024：1‑11［2024‑03‑27］.https：//doi.org/10.13254/j.jare. 2023. 0701.

［19］LIU B，ZHAO W Z，WEN Z J，et al.Hydrochemical characteristics jointly determine the transport and cycling of soil carbon，nitrogen，and phosphorus in an arid Chinese wetland［J］.Journal of Geophysical Research，2020，125（7）：1‑21.

［20］张晓曦，田爽，曾磊，等.北方常见绿化树种凋落物添加对城市土壤有机碳组成特征的影响［J］.植物科学学报，2024，42（2）：140‑149.
ZHANG X X，TIAN S，ZENG L，et al.Effects of litter addition from common greening tree species in northern China on organic carbon composition characteristics of urban soils［J］.Plant Science Journal，2024，42（2）：140‑149.

［21］赵娜，王小利，何进，等.有机肥替代化学氮肥对黄壤活性有机碳组分、酶活性及作物产量的影响［J/OL］.环境科学，2024：1‑21［2024‑03‑27］.https：//doi. org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202307222.
ZHAO N，WANG X L，HE J，et al.Effects of Replacing chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer on active organic carbon fractions，enzyme activities，and crop yield in yellow soil［J/OL］.Environmental Science，2024：1‑21［2024‑03‑27］.https：//doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.202307222.

［22］鲍士旦.土壤农化分析［M］.3版. 北京：中国农业出版社，2000.
BAO S D. Soil and agricultural chemistry analysis［M］.3rd ed. Beijing：China Agriculture Press，2000.

［23］于宗民，武桂芝，黄明翔，等.地表水-地下水交互下傍河土壤硝酸盐氮迁移规律试验研究［J］.水土保持研究，2021，28（2）：67‑73.
YU Z M，WU G Z，HUANG M X，et al.Experimental study on nitrate nitrogen migration in soils along the river under interaction of surface water and groundwater［J］.Research of Soil and Water Conservation，2021，28（2）：67‑73.

［24］杨继伟，汤广民，李如忠，等.受淹农田土壤-上覆水氮磷迁移特征模拟研究［J］.灌溉排水学报，2018，37 （12）：71‑77.
YANG J W，TANG G M，LI R Z，et al.Loss of nitrogen and phosphorus from soil and surface water in flooded cropland［J］.Journal of Irrigation and Drainage，2018，37（12）：71‑77.

［25］郎漫，魏玮，李平.不同水分对砂壤土初级氮转化速率的影响［J］.农业环境科学学报，2022，41（1）：107‑114.
LANG M，WEI W，LI P. Effects of different moisture contents on gross N transformation rates in sandy loam soil［J］.Journal of Agro‑Environment Science，2022，41 （1）：107‑114.

［26］朱祖祥.土壤学［M］.北京：农业出版社，1983.
ZHU Z X.Pedology［M］.Beijing：China Agriculture Press，1983.

[27］吕家珑. 农田土壤磷素淋溶及其预测［J］.生态学报，2003，23（12）：2689‑2701.
LÜ J L.Phosphorus leaching from agricultural soils and its prediction［J］.Acta Ecologica Sinica，2003，23 （12）：2689‑2701.

［28］HECKRATH G，BROOKES P C，POULTON P R，et al.Phosphorus leaching from soils containing different phosphorus concentrations in the broadbalk experiment［J］.Journal of Environmental Quality，1995，24（5）：904‑910.

［29］HESKETH N，BROOKES P C.Development of an indicator for risk of phosphorus leaching［J］.Journal of Environmental Quality，2000，29（1）：105‑110.

［30］王永壮，陈欣，史奕. 农田土壤中磷素有效性及影响因素［J］.应用生态学报，2013，24（1）：260‑268.

WANG Y Z，CHEN X，SHI Y.Phosphorus availability in cropland soils of China and related affecting factors［J］.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology，2013，24（1）：260‑268.

［31］鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法［M］.北京：中国农业科技出版社，2000.
LU R K.Analysis method of agricultural chemistry and soil［M］.Beijing：China Agricultural Science and
Technology Press，2000.

［32］史建文，鲍士旦，史瑞和.耗竭条件下层间钾的释放及耗竭后土壤的固钾特性［J］.土壤学报，1994，31（1）：42‑49.
SHI J W，BAO S D，SHI R H.Release of potassium from interlayer under depletion condition and characteristics of potassium fixation in depleted soil［J］.Acta Pedologica Sinica，1994，31（1）：42‑49.

［33］侯园泉，黄明，付国占，等.秸秆还田替代施钾对旱地玉-麦轮作体系作物生产力和土壤硝态氮的影响［J］.水土保持学报，2022，36（5）：311‑318.
HOU Y Q，HUANG M，FU G Z，et al.Effects of straw return replacing the application of potassium fertilizer on crop productivity and soil nitrate accumulation in dryland summer maize‑winter wheat rotation system［J］.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation，2022，36 （5）：311‑318.

［34］董艳红，王火焰，周健民，等.不同土壤钾素淋溶特性的初步研究［J］.土壤，2014，46（2）：225‑231.
DONG Y H，WANG H Y，ZHOU J M，et al.Preliminary study on potassium leaching characteristics of different soils［J］.Soils，2014，46（2）：225‑231.

［35］王洪杰，李宪文，史学正，等.不同土地利用方式下土壤养分的分布及其与土壤颗粒组成关系［J］.水土保持学报，2003，17（2）：44‑46.
WANG H J，LI X W，SHI X Z，et al.Distribution of soil nutrient under different land use and relationship between soil nutrient and soil granule composition［J］.Journal of Soil Water Conservation，2003，17（2）：44‑46.

[1]	LI Shanmin, ZENG Xinhua, HUANG Weichang, FU Hao, HUANG Qingjun. Effects of Different Forest Type on the Growth of Bletilla striata and Diversity of Endophytic Fungi [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(7): 70-80.
[2]	WANG Cong, LI Ming, QIU Guangwei, WANG Lichun, LIU Lingling, WANG Huaipeng, PANG Ze , TANG Chunshuang, SUN Jiying. Effects of Different Planting Pattern on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Heilongjiang Black Soil [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(2): 74-83.
[3]	SHEN Yue, LI Qianyi, ZHAO Wenhui, WANG Guiliang, QIAN Xiaoqing. Nutrient Status and Fertility Evaluation of Farmland Soil in Donghai County [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(12): 77-87.
[4]	FANG Yuhui, HUA Xia, HAN Liupeng, ZHAO Mingzhong, QI Xueli, DONG Haibin, HU Lin, . Research Progress on the Effects of Abiotic Stress Factors on Wheat Photosynthesis [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(10): 1-13.
[5]	LI Qian, JIA Xiaoguo, LI Liang, ZHANG Xiang, CHENG Yuyuan, LI Peng. Spatial‑Temporal Variability of Nutrients and Assessment of Fertility in Tobacco‑Planting Soil in Hilly Areas of Southwest Henan [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(1): 73-85.
[6]	LIU Yajun, WANG Wenjing, LI Min, WANG Honggang, CHU Fengli, HU Qiguo. Effects of Combined Application of Inorganic Fertilizer and Organic Fertilizer on Soil Nutrient Changes and Microbial Carbon Source Metabolism in Sweetpotato Field [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 51(7): 75-84.
[7]	ZHANG Huan, GAO Xiaofeng, LEI Mengyao, TAO Aili, LI Yuying, YAO Gang. Multivariate Analysis of the Relationship between Soil Nutrients and Fruit Quality and Optimization of Soil Nutrients in Soft‑seed Pomegranate Orchards [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 51(4): 111-119.
[8]	SUN Shijun, LIU Qi, YE Yingjie, WEI Na, HAO Shuiyuan. Effects of Humic Acid on Soil Nutrients and Microbial Community Structure of Cucumber with Different Continuous Cropping Years in Greenhouse [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 51(2): 65-74.
[9]	XU Sisi , LÜ Xuemei, ZHOU Meng, SUI Yueyu, JIAO Xiaoguang. Effects of Straw Deep Burial Combined with Nitrogen Fertilizer on Organic Carbon Components and Nutrients in Black Soils [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 51(12): 63-72.
[10]	WANG Laigang, XU Shaobo, LI Shimin, GUO Yan, CHENG Yongzheng, HE Jia. Study on Automatic Extraction Algorithm of Farmland Flood Disaster Information Based on Remote Sensing [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 51(11): 163-170.
[11]	QIN Tao. Effects of Pepper Straw Returning Amount on Rhizosphere Soil Microenvironment and Quality of Watermelon [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 50(9): 79-86.
[12]	MA Weiwei, CHEN Can, HUANG Huang, REN Bo, ZHOU Jing, LI Guixiang, WANG Ren. Effect of Rice‑Fish‑Chicken Symbiosis on Paddy Soil Nutrient and Rice Yield under Ridge Cultivation [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 50(8): 9-17.
[13]	HAN Jin, HAN Qiujing, MA Jing, LU Jian, YAO Pengwei, WU Qinyang, YE Xiefeng, WU Furu. Effects of Straw Returning on Soil Nutrients and Salinity in Luoyang Tobacco‑Growing Areas [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 50(8): 76-84.
[14]	LI Wan, LI Bo, XIANG Hongtao, HE Ning, WANG Manli, LIU Jia. Effects of Waterlogging Stress and Exogenous Abscisic Acid on Stem Physiology and Yield of Adzuki Bean Seedlings [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 50(7): 48-56.
[15]	WU Jicheng, PAN Xiaoying, YANG Yonghui, GAO Cuimin, WANG Yue, . Effects of Long⁃term Application of Biogas Slurry on Soil Nutrient Content and Enzyme Activity [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 50(7): 76-86.