Abstract: To optimize soil nutrients for the best fruit quality，the multiple relationships between soil nutrients and fruit quality were studied in pomegranate orchards in Xichuan County，Henan Province，China in 2020.Partial least squares regression（PLSR）and linear programming methods were used to establish regression equations and optimize soil nutrients for the best fruit quality. The results showed that the weight of single fruit was mainly affected by the contents of organic matter，nitrate nitrogen and alkali‑hydrolyzable nitrogen，and 100‑grain weight was mainly affected by soil pH value，total nitrogen and available potassium contents.Seed hardness was mainly affected by soil pH value，nitrate nitrogen，ammonium nitrogen and alkali‑hydrolyzable nitrogen contents，juice yield was mainly affected by soil pH value，organic matter and available phosphorus contents，and the content of vitamin C was affected by all indexes except for soil pH value and available potassium content. The content of soluble solids was mainly affected by soil pH value，ammonium nitrogen and available potassium contents，and the content of titratable acid was mainly affected by soil pH value，ammonium nitrogen，alkali‑hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium contents. The content of soluble sugar was mainly affected by soil pH value，organic matter，total nitrogen，ammonium nitrogen，alkali‑hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium contents. When the parameters ranged as soil pH of 6.70—7.50，soil organic matter content of 27.49—65.20 g/kg，total nitrogen content of 8.73—12.91 g/kg，nitrate nitrogen content of 7.51—28.93 mg/kg，ammonia nitrogen content of 42.43—50.03 mg/kg，alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content of 65.50 mg/kg，available phosphorus content of 19.33—73.53 mg/kg，available potassium content of 160.31 mg/kg，thefruit quality parameters of soft‑seed pomegranate were the best：fresh weight per fruit of 776.46 g，100‑seed weight of 59.56 g，seed hardness of 0.44 kg/cm²，juice yield of 82.58%，vitamin C content of15.90×10^‑2mg/g，soluble solids content of 17.90%，titratable acid content of 0.97 mg/mL，and solublesugar content of 23.34%.

Key words: Soft?seed pomegranate, Fruit quality, Soil nutrients, Partial least squares regression, Optimization scheme

摘要： 为优化土壤养分以获得最佳果实品质，于2020年对河南省淅川县5个石榴园的土壤养分与果实品质的多元关系进行了研究。采用偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）筛选出对果实品质影响最为显著的土壤养分指标并建立回归方程，通过线性规划的方法将能使果实品质达到最优时的土壤养分指标量化。结果表明，单果质量主要受有机质、硝态氮和碱解氮含量的影响，百粒质量主要受土壤pH值、总氮和速效钾含量的影响，种子硬度主要受土壤pH值、硝态氮、铵态氮和碱解氮含量的影响，出汁率主要受土壤pH值、有机质和有效磷含量的影响，维生素C含量受除土壤pH值和速效钾含量外所有指标的影响，可溶性固形物含量主要受土壤pH值、铵态氮和速效钾含量的影响，可滴定酸含量主要受土壤pH值、铵态氮、碱解氮和速效钾含量的影响，可溶性糖含量主要受土壤pH值、有机质、总氮、铵态氮、碱解氮和速效钾含量的影响。当土壤pH值为6.70~7.50，土壤有机质、总氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别为27.49~65.20 g/kg、8.73~12.91 g/kg、7.51~28.93 mg/kg、42.43~50.03 mg/kg、65.50 mg/kg、19.33~73.53 mg/kg和160.31 mg/kg时，软籽石榴果实能达到以下最佳品质：单果质量、百粒质量、种子硬度、出汁率、维生素C 含量、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量和可溶性糖含量分别达到776.46 g、59.56 g、0.44 kg/cm²、82.58%、15.90×10^-2 mg/g、17.90%、0.97 mg/mL和23.34%。

关键词: 软籽石榴, 果实品质, 土壤养分, 偏最小二乘回归, 优化方案