Screening and Safety Evaluation of Post‑emergence Herbicides for Controlling Broadleaf Weeds in Sesame Fields

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.11.011

Abstract

Abstract: To explore safe and efficient chemical weed control technologies for sesame after emergence，the herbicides that exhibit high safety for sesame and have good control effects on broadleaf weeds were screened through indoor potting experiments and field trials. The results of the indoor trials showed that among the 17 broadleaf herbicides，only isoproturon and bentazone were discovered to be highly safe for sesame.Futher，the safety of isoproturon and bentazone to sesame and their control efficacy against broadleaf weeds were evaluated through field trials. The results showed that the treatment of isoproturon at 420—630 g/ha（active ingredient，the same below）caused phytotoxicity in sesame，such as the emergence of drug spots and growth inhibition，etc. Nevertheless，sesame growth recovered to normal within 30 d after the treatment. Sesame treated with 336—420 g/ha bentazone had significantly higher plant height than the control treatment at 30 d after the treatment，but was significantly lower than the artificial weeding treatment. The total plant control efficacy of isoproturon at 420—630 g/ha against broadleaf weeds such as Acalypha australis L.and Clinopodium polycephalum Vaniot was 84.00%—90.40%，the total fresh weight control efficacy was 87.62%—94.30%，and the sesame seed yield increased by more than 37%.The control efficacy of bentazone at a dosage of 336—504 g/ha against Acalypha australis L.was unsatisfactory，with the total plant control efficiency being lower than 40% and the total fresh weight control efficiency being lower than 57%，and sesame yield was merely increased by 11.53%—14.72%.In conclusion，the application of isoproturon at 420—630 g/ha during the 5—6 leaves stage of sesame is safe and can be used for the control of broadleaf weeds in sesame fields，presenting significant application prospects.

Key words: Sesame, Isoproturon, Bentazone, Stem and leaf treatment, Phytotoxicity, Efficacy

摘要： 为探究安全、高效的芝麻田苗后阔叶杂草化学防除技术，通过室内盆栽和田间试验筛选了对芝麻安全性较高且对阔叶杂草防效好的除草剂。室内试验结果表明，供试17种阔叶除草剂中仅有异丙隆与灭草松对芝麻具有较高的安全性。进一步通过田间试验评估了异丙隆和灭草松对芝麻的安全性及对阔叶杂草的防除效果，结果表明，异丙隆420~630 g/hm²（有效成分，下同）处理下芝麻在早期出现药斑、生长受到抑制等药害，但药后30 d芝麻生长恢复正常；灭草松336~420 g/hm²处理的芝麻在药后30 d株高显著高于清水对照，但显著低于人工除草处理。异丙隆420~630 g/hm²对铁苋菜、灯笼草等阔叶杂草的总株防效为84.00%~90.40%，总鲜质量防效为87.62%~94.30%，芝麻增产37%以上。灭草松336~504g/hm2对铁苋菜的防效较差，总株防效低于40%，总鲜质量防效低于57%，芝麻仅增产11.53%~14.72%。综上所述，在芝麻五至六叶期使用异丙隆420~630 g/hm2处理对芝麻具有较高安全性，可用于芝麻田苗后阔叶杂草的防除，具有重要的应用前景。

关键词: 芝麻, 异丙隆, 灭草松, 茎叶处理, 药害, 防效

CLC Number:

S451
S565.3

SU Wangcang, NIU Yujia, YAN Zhaoling, DU Li, XUE Fei, SUN Lanlan, XU Hongle, WU Renhai, LIU Hongyan. Screening and Safety Evaluation of Post‑emergence Herbicides for Controlling Broadleaf Weeds in Sesame Fields[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 53(11): 101-108.

苏旺苍, 牛钰嘉, 燕照玲, 杜丽, 薛飞, 孙兰兰, 徐洪乐, 吴仁海, 刘红彦. 芝麻田苗后阔叶杂草除草剂筛选及安全性评价[J]. 河南农业科学, 2024, 53(11): 101-108.

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