Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 44-52.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.10.006

• Crop Cultivation & Genetic Breeding • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of Leaf‑pinching on Leaf Yield,Nutrient Content,Grain Yield and Economic Benefit of Sesame

LI Feng1,GAO Tongmei1,WANG Dongyong1,TIAN Yuan1,SU Xiaoyu1,ZHANG Pengyu1,YANG Zihao2,WEI Shuangling1   

  1. (1.Sesame Research Center,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Henan Key Laboratory of Specific Oilseed Crops Genomics/The Shennong Laboratory,Zhengzhou 450002,China;2.Pingyu County Agriculture Science and Technology Experimental Station,Pingyu 463400,China)
  • Received:2022-05-24 Published:2022-10-15 Online:2022-12-12

摘叶对芝麻叶产量、营养成分和籽粒产量、经济效益的影响

李丰1,高桐梅1,王东勇1,田媛1,苏小雨1,张鹏钰1,杨自豪2,卫双玲1   

  1. (1.河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心/农业农村部黄淮海油料作物重点实验室/河南省特色油料作物基因组学重点实验室/神农种业实验室,河南 郑州 450002;2.平舆县农业科学技术试验站,河南 平舆 463400)
  • 通讯作者: 卫双玲(1962-),女,河南济源人,研究员,硕士,主要从事芝麻栽培生理研究。E-mail:wsl041162@126.com
  • 作者简介:李丰(1983-),男,河南洛阳人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事芝麻栽培生理研究。E-mail:lifeng4090@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-14-1-14);河南省重大科技专项子课题(20130011600-4);河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)(222102110084);河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金项目(2022YQ01)

Abstract: To determine the best picking time and method of sesame leaves and ensure the maximum economic benefit,white sesame Zhengtaizhi 3 was used as the material to study the effects of picking time and methods on leaf yield,grain yield,plant characters and economic benefit of sesame by setting four picking periods including early flowering stage(T1),15 days of full flowering stage(T2),30 days of full flowering stage(T3)and final flowering stage(T4).The leaf picking methods were picking one side leaves (D1)and picking all leaves(D2),with the treatment without picking leaves as CK. The results showed that the effects of leaf picking time and method on sesame leaf and grain yields reached a significant level.Compared with CK,the grain yield reduction range was as follows:picking leaves at 15 days of full flowering stage>picking leaves at early flowering stage>picking leaves at 30 days of full flowering stage>picking leaves at the end of flowering stage. Among them,picking all the leaves at 15 days of full flowering period in two years decreased by more than 73%,and picking all the leaves at early flowering stage in two years decreased by 50.80%(2017)and 53.33%(2018),respectively.The yield of sesame leaves showed picking leaves at 15 days in full flowering stage>picking leaves at 30 days in full flowering stage>picking leaves in the final flowering stage>picking leaves in the early flowering stage.The results of quality changes showed that the contents of crude fat,crude fiber,vitamin E,total sugar and total flavonoids in sesame leaves increased at first and then decreased with the postponement of picking leaves,and the highest values were observed at 30 days of full flowering stage,the content of crude protein decreased,and the contents of total ash and selenium increased with the postponement of picking leaves.The economic benefit of picking all sesame leaves at 30 days in full flowering stage was 19.36%(2017)and 34.54%(2018)higher than that of CK,and that of picking one side leaves was 20.29%(2017)and 24.39%(2018)higher than that of CK,and the economic benefit was higher than that of other treatments.Therefore,when the leaves are picked at 30 days in full flowering stage,the quality of sesame leaves is the best and the economic benefit is the highest.

Key words: Picking leaf, Sesame leaf, Grain, Yield, Quality, Economic benefit

摘要: 为确定芝麻叶的最佳采摘时期和方式,确保经济效益最大化,于2017、2018年以白芝麻品种郑太芝3号为材料,设置初花期(T1)、盛花期15 d(T2)、盛花期30 d(T3)、终花期(T4)4个摘叶时期处理和摘一侧叶(D1)、摘全部叶(D2)2个摘叶方式处理,以不摘叶处理为对照(CK),研究摘叶时期和摘叶方式对芝麻叶产量、籽粒产量和植株性状及其经济效益的影响。结果表明,摘叶时期和摘叶方式对芝麻叶和籽粒产量的影响均达极显著水平。与CK相比,籽粒减产幅度表现为盛花期15 d摘叶>初花期摘叶>盛花30 d摘叶>终花期摘叶,其中盛花期15 d摘全部叶片2 a均减产73%以上,初花期摘全部叶片2 a分别减产50.80%(2017年)和53.33%(2018年)。芝麻叶产量表现为盛花期15 d摘叶>盛花30 d摘叶>终花期摘叶>初花期摘叶。芝麻叶营养成分测定结果显示,粗脂肪、粗纤维、维生素E、总糖和总黄酮含量随着摘叶时期推迟呈先升高后降低的趋势,以盛花期30 d摘叶最高;粗蛋白含量随着摘叶时期推迟而降低;总灰分和硒含量随着摘叶时期推迟而增高。盛花期30 d采摘全部芝麻叶的经济效益较CK提高19.36%(2017年)和34.54%(2018年),摘一侧叶经济效益较CK提高20.29%(2017年)和24.39%(2018年),经济效益高于其他处理。因此,盛花期30 d摘叶,芝麻叶品质最佳且经济效益最高。

关键词: 摘叶, 芝麻叶, 籽粒, 产量, 品质, 经济效益

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