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Research Progress of Porcine Getah Virus ZHANG Yuyang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 15-22.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.002 Abstract （1396）      PDF （1296KB）（996）       Knowledge map    Save Getah Virus（GETV） is an emerging insect‑borne pathogen that has caused reproductive disorders in pigs and high mortality in piglets in many countries in recent years，posing a major threat to global animal husbandry and public health. This virus is primarily transmitted by mosquito bites，which can cause widespread infection in pigs and significantly affect reproductive performance and health.In response to the spread of the epidemic，it is urgent to conduct research on genomic characterization and molecular evolution to guide vaccine design and optimize prevention and control strategies.At the same time，it is necessary to clarify the law of GETV transmission through epidemiological investigation and analyze the pathogenic mechanism in order to provide theoretical support for epidemic prevention and control.In addition，improving the accuracy and timeliness of early diagnosis has become a key link in prevention and control.In view of the critical role of early diagnosis in epidemic prevention and control，based on the latest research results，the pathogenic characteristics，epidemiological characteristics，pathogenic mechanism，diagnostic techniques and prevention and control strategies of GETV were systematically discussed，aiming to provide theoretical support for clinical prevention and control，and provide scientific basis for vaccine development，diagnostic technology innovation and prevention and control policy formulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Drought Stress on Photosynthetic and Physiological Characteristics of Flag Leaves of Different Wheat Varieties at Filling Stage PENG Chaojun, HUA Xia, WANG Songfeng, GAO Chong, DONG Haibin, HU Lin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 40-47.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.005 Abstract （756）      PDF （2088KB）（108）       Knowledge map    Save The drought⁃resistant wheat variety Zhengmai 1860，its parents，and Zhoumai 18（control）were used as materials.The gas exchange parameters，chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics，antioxidant enzyme activities，osmotic adjustment substances contents in flag leaves，and water use efficiency of different wheat varieties were studied under drought treatment（irrigation only at the jointing stage during the entire growth period），so as to provide valuable insights for optimizing water⁃efficient wheat cultivation，developing drought⁃resistant cultivars，and advancing water⁃saving breeding programs.The results showed that，under drought stress，the net photosynthetic rate（Pn），stomatal conductance（Gs），transpiration rate（Tr）and maximum photomassive efficiency（Fv/Fm），potential photochemical activity（Fv/Fo），actual photomassive efficiency（ФPSⅡ），and electron transfer rate（ETR）of PSⅡ of the flag leaf of Zhengmai 1860 were significantly higher than those of Zhoumai 18，and the intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci） was significantly lower than that of Zhoumai 18，followed by Zhoumai 22；The activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD）and catalase（CAT），and the contents of soluble protein，soluble sugar and proline in the flag leaf of Zhengmai 1860 were significantly higher than those of Zhoumai 18，and the content of malondialdehyde（MDA）was significantly lower than that of Zhoumai 18，followed by Zhoumai 22；The yield and water use efficiency of Zhengmai 1860 were significantly higher than those of Zhoumai 18，which was mainly due to the significant improvement of the thousand⁃grain weight and the number of grains per spike，and followed by Zhoumai 22.In conclusion，Zhengmai 1860 enhances antioxidant enzyme activity，and osmotic adjustment capacity under drought stress at filling stage，protects the photosynthetic electron transport process of PSⅡ，alleviates the degree of nonstomatal restriction and membrane lipid peroxidation，and maintains higher Pn at filling stage，thus obtaining higher yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Creation and Phenotypic Analysis of TaGW2‑A1‑Overexpression Transgenic Wheat Germplasm ZHANG Haoran, LIU Xiaoying, ZHOU Fenglong, XU Mingchen, GUO Zhengzheng, CHENG Jiayu, ZHANG Kunpu, WANG Daowen, SHI Cuilan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 1-8.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.001 Abstract （498）      PDF （2844KB）（116）       Knowledge map    Save The expression vector of TaGW2‑A1 was constructed，and transformed into wheat；T2 homozygous transgenic lines were identified and screened；the expression of TaGW2‑A1 gene of the homozygous transgenic line was analyzed by real‑time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot；subcellular localization analysis was performed by tobacco transient expression and cell component separation；the agronomic traits and quality traits of homozygous lines were analyzed，so as to lay foundation for further analysis of TaGW2 regulatory network，and provide gene resource for breeding new wheat varieties with high yield and quality.The results showed that the expression vector of TaGW2‑A1 gene was successfully constructed，positive transgenic plants were obtained，and homozygous transgenic lines were screened in T2 generation.The transcription level of TaGW2‑A1 was significantly higher in leaves and grains of homozygous transgenic lines，but TaGW2‑A1 protein was detected only in grains.Subcellular localization results showed that TaGW2‑A1 protein mainly functioned in cytoplasm and nucleus. Phenotypic analysis results showed that TaGW2-A1 overexpression significantly reduced plant height，grain length，grain width，1 000‑grain weight and yield per plant，but had no significant effect on grain number per spike and grain protein content. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Application in Livestock，Poultry and Aquaculture Production of Bacillus subtilis and Its Effect on  Intestinal Health of Animals FENG Lili Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.001 Abstract （479）      PDF （1361KB）（1472）       Knowledge map    Save Bacillus subtilis can form spores，has strong resistance and good stability，and has several advantages compared with conventional probiotics.Bacillus subtilis can be used as a microecological agent in livestock，poultry and aquaculture production，and has positive impact on animal production performance via improvement of digestion and absorption.Bacillus subtilis can improve meat quality，enhance immunity and regulate intestinal health.The biological characteristics of Bacillus subtilis，the application in livestock，poultry and aquaculture production and the impact on intestinal health were reviewed in this paper，so as to provide reference for further development and utilization of Bacillus subtilis microecologics for feeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Predation Ability and Preference of Arma chinensis against Helicoverpa armigera Larvae CHEN Junhua, LI Feifan, DU Yueqing, XIE Jiaxin, ZHANG Qiaoqiao, WANG Chenxu, GUO Shibao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 109-118.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.011 Abstract （447）      PDF （1762KB）（437）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the biological control potential of Arma chinensis on Helicoverpa armigera larvae，we measured the predatory functional responses and search effects of 3rd—4th instar A.chinensis nymphs and female adults on 2nd—4th instar H.armigera larvae under controlled indoor conditions.We also investigated the intraspecific interference effects of 5th instar A.chinensis nymphs，as well as male and female adults，on predation of 2nd instar H.armigera，along with the predation preferences of female A.chinensis adults for 3rd instar H.armigera larvae versus Tenebrio molitor pupae. The results indicated that both nymphs of the 3rd and 4th instars and female adults were capable of preying on 2nd—4th instar H.armigera，with their predatory response conforming to Holling’s type Ⅱ model.The control efficiency across different developmental stages of A.chinensis was ranked as follows：female adults>4th instar nymphs>3rd instar nymphs.Notably，the amount preyed upon by individuals of the same age decreased as prey age increased，with maximum daily predation rates recorded at 36.778 for female adults，28.351 for 4th instar nymphs，and 26.938 for 3rd instar nymphs targeting 2nd instar H.armigera，which demonstrated that female adults exhibited the highest predation capacity against these larvae.Furthermore，our findings revealed that search efficiency improved as prey density decreased，while intraspecific interference among A.chinensis was influenced by their own density in the following order：5th instar nymphs>male adults>female adults. Regarding predation preference，when both T.molitor pupae and 3rd instar H.armigera larvae were present，A.chinensis showed a stronger inclination to prey on the pupae.These insights provide a valuable foundation for future research into indoor propagation strategies for enhancing the biological control capabilities of A.chinensis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Nutritional Quality of Foxtail Millet Based on Principal Component Analysis and Membership Function Method ZHANG Aiqin, GUO Bin, LIU Lilong, LI Xuhua, WANG Qing, XU Rui, ZHANG Huan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 28-39.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.004 Abstract （438）      PDF （4001KB）（90）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the characteristics of nutritional content of different foxtail millet varieties from Longzhong area in Gansu Province，establish a standard evaluation system of nutritional quality and screen the foxtail millet varieties with excellent nutritional quality，10 foxtail millet varieties from Longzhong area(Huining County，Baiyin City)in Gansu Province were used as materials，19 nutritional quality indexes including basic nutrients(moisture，ash，carbohydrate，protein，crude fat，starch，amylose，amylopectin contents and amylose/amylopectin)，functional nutrients(flavone，total phenol，crude polysaccharide contents)and mineral elements(Zn，Mn，Cu，Fe，Ca，Mg，Se contents)were measured，and principal component analysis and membership function methods were used to evaluate the nutritional quality of foxtail millet. The results showed that there was significant difference in the contents of 18 nutritional components excluding moisture content from 10 foxtail millet varieties，with variation coefficients ranging from 1.58% to 103.46%，which indicated that there was great difference in the individual nutritional quality index among different foxtail millet varieties. Protein，amylose，polysaccharide，Mg，Se and Zn contents were determined as core indexes for the evaluation of nutritional quality of foxtail millet by principal component analysis，correlation analysis and cluster analysis. The nutritional quality evaluation model was established by principal component analysis，and the top three foxtail millet varieties were M‑8(Longgu 23)，M‑10(Longgu 029)and M‑9(Longgu 032)based on the comprehensive score of nutritional quality，consistent with the results of the membership function evaluation，which indicated that these three varieties had better nutritional quality.Ten foxtail millet varieties could be divided into three categories by cluster analysis，and class Ⅱ included M‑8 and M‑9，whose comprehensive nutritional quality performed better. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Inversion of Soil Organic Carbon Content in the Central Yunnan Plateau Based on Sentinel⁃2A Images and XGBoost Model YAN Zhengfei, YANG Minglong, TANG Xiujuan, XIA Yonghua, YANG Zhen, LI Wantao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 145-153.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.017 Abstract （405）      PDF （3267KB）（83）       Knowledge map    Save Soil organic carbon（SOC）plays a crucial role in maintaining soil fertility，promoting plant growth，and supporting sustainable agricultural development. Therefore，efficient and accurate acquisition of SOC content is of great significance. This study utilized Sentinel⁃2A multispectral remote sensing imagery combined with measured SOC content，Sentinel⁃1 backscattering coefficients，vegetation indices and topographic factors（elevation，slope，aspect）to investigate the inversion of SOC content in the Yao’an irrigation district using Random forest（RF），Deep forest（DF），and XGBoost models.The results indicated that，from the perspective of different combinations of auxiliary variables，incorporating various factors（vegetation indices，topographic factors，backscattering coefficients，etc.）significantly improved the prediction accuracy of SOC content.Specifically，the inclusion of topographic factors increased the R2 values of the RF，DF and XGBoost models by 0.052 3，0.039 8，0.068 9，respectively.Analysis of the prediction results from different models showed that both XGBoost and DF models could effectively predict SOC content in cultivated land. Among them，the XGBoost model combined with the M3 variable set（including 12 bands of Sentinel⁃2A spectral image，vegetation indices，Sentinel⁃1 backscattering coefficients，and topographic factors） achieved the highest prediction accuracy（R2=0.810 6，RMSE=1.813 2），followed by the DF model（R2=0.751 2，RMSE=1.925 5），while the RF model exhibited relatively lower predictive performance（R2=0.624 5，RMSE=2.503 1） Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Irrigation and Fertilization Rates on the Growth，Yield and Quality of Fennel QI Tiancheng, LI Yinghai, LI Yangyang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 66-75.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.007 Abstract （399）      PDF （2147KB）（141）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the effects of different irrigation and fertilization rates on the growth and development，yield composition and quality of fennel，three irrigation quotas（1 800，3 000，4 200 m3/ha），three irrigation times（2，3，4 times）and three fertilization levels（270，450，630 kg/ha）were set.Orthogonal experiment was used to design 9 treatments to determine the growth，production and commodity indexes of fennel. The influences of the three factors on fennel growth，yield and quality were studied by range and variance analysis.The principal component analysis was used to select representative principal components and the membership function method was used to comprehensively evaluate the 9 treatments.The results showed that there were significant differences in the growth characters，yield composition and quality of fennel under different treatments.The influencing order of the three factors was irrigation quota>irrigation times>fertilization amount.There was a certain correlation between different indexes，and the correlation coefficient between the number of flowers and the yield per plant was 0.99. The top three treatments from high to low according to the comprehensive evaluation values were treatment 9（4 200 m3/ha，4 times，450 kg/ha），treatment 3（1 800m3/ha，4 times，630 kg/ha）and treatment 6（3 000 m3/ha，4 times，270 kg/ha）. The yield of treatment 9 was 3 728.25 kg/ha，53.98% significantly higher than that of treatment 1（1 800 m3/ha，2 times，270 kg/ha），and the comprehensive evaluation value reached 0.837.The content of essential oil in treatment 3 was the highest，being 43.70 g/kg；The plant height of treatment 6 was the highest，being 131.53 cm. In conclusion，the optimal irrigation and fertilization mode for fennel in Ningxia is irrigation quota of 4 200 m3/ha，irrigation time of 4 times（once in growth period，twice in flowering period and once in fruit setting period），fertilizer application amount of 450 kg/ha（once in growth period and once in flowering period）. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and Application of Chitosan Coatings in Fruits and Vegetables Storage and Preservation LIU Chenghong, ZHANG Shun, HUANG Wen, ZHANG Xiaoyan, YANG Hailong, FU Shiyu, ZHAN Lijuan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.001 Abstract （390）      PDF （1976KB）（116）       Knowledge map    Save Fresh fruits and vegetables，due to their high water content and vigorous respiratory metabolism，are highly prone to quality decline and spoilage after harvest.As the world’s largest producer and consumer of fruits and vegetables，China has a persistently high post‑harvest loss rate of fruits and vegetables.The development of efficient and safe preservation technology has become an urgent need for the industry.Coating preservation technology is a new food preservation method，which can effectively maintain the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables and extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables.Chitosan，as a natural biopolymer，is regarded as the most promising preservation coating material due to its wide source，degradability and biosafety，as well as excellent film forming property，antibacterial activity and biocompatibility.A systematic review is conducted on the basic characteristics of chitosan and the preparation methods of coatings.The research and application of chitosan coatings in the field of fruit and vegetable preservation are described in detail.The preservation effect of chitosan coatings on fruits and vegetables is discussed from the perspectives of appearance quality，nutrients，flavor substances and shelf life，and mechanism of preservation and the key factors affecting the preservation efficiency are summarized.Finally，the preservative chitosan coating technical bottlenecks and future development directions are pointed out，with the expectation of providing theoretical references for the in‑depth research and industrial application of this technology. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and Functional Characterization of Endophytic Microbes from Mulberry Tree（Morus alba L.） LI Sha, YANG Jiahu, WANG Yanhui, HUANG Xinqiu, YANG Wen Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 77-86.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.009 Abstract （389）      PDF （3965KB）（61）       Knowledge map    Save This study used methods such as microbial culture，target gene sequence amplification，and homology identification to isolate and identify endophytic microbes in Morus alba L.，and explored the strain types，distribution characteristics，and functional characteristics of endophytic bacteria and fungi in the roots，stems，and leaves of Yunsang No.6 mulberry.The results showed that a total of 43 endophytic bacteria belonging to 9 genera and 22 endophytic fungi belonging to 14 genera were isolated from mulberry trees. Among them，21 bacteria and 11 fungi were isolated from roots，13 bacteria and 5 fungi were isolated from stems，and 9 bacteria and 6 fungi were isolated from leaves.There were significant differences in the distribution of endophytic microbes in the roots，stems，and leaves of mulberry trees，there were Falsibacillus pallidus，Bacillus velezensis and Pseudomonas koreensis shared in the roots and stems of mulberry trees，Pantoea agglomerans，Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas koreensis shared in the stems and leaves，and Pseudomonas koreensis shared in the roots，stems，and leaves；Endophytic fungi Colletotrichum siamense was shared in mulberry roots and leaves，but no common fungi were found to exist in the stems and leaves，stems and roots.Further screening of functional microbes showed that 8 strains of nitrogen fixing microbes（7 bacteria，1 fungus），4 strains of phosphorus solubilizing microbes（2 bacteria，2 fungi），and 8 strains of potassium solubilizing microbes（6 bacteria，2 fungi）were obtained from 65 endophytic microbes，respectively.In summary，endophytic bacteria and fungi in mulberry trees exhibit diversity and distribution differences in roots，stems，and leaves.Among endophytic bacteria and fungi in mulberry trees，there are functional strains that can dissolve phosphorus，nitrogen，and potassium. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Studies on Pollen Viability and Storage Characteristics of Yuluxiang Pear Hybrid Progeny HUANG Ping, YANG Ce, PENG Jianying, ZHANG Yuxing Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 136-143.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.014 Abstract （378）      PDF （1354KB）（43）       Knowledge map    Save This study explored the variation characteristics of pollen fertility and pollen storage characteristics in pear hybrid progeny，to provide a basis for production application and theoretical research. The pollens from 20 strains of each hybrid progeny of Yuluxiang×Shinseiki and Yuluxiang×Xianghongli crosses were used as test materials.The fertility of the pollens was determined by determining the germination rate of different strains by in vitro culture，and the pollens of 3‑4，7‑9，6‑17，10‑4 and 6‑3 strains were stored at −20 ℃ to observe the change of vigour during storage. The results showed that the pollen germination rates of 15 out of 20 strains of the Yuluxiang×Shinseiki cross progeny differed to different degrees of significance，and there were 5 sterile strains.The pollen viability of 7 out of 20 strains of Yuluxiang×Xianghongli cross progeny had different degrees of significant differences，and there were 13 sterile strains. Pollen viability after 13 months of storage was not significantly different from fresh pollen for 17 strains in the two cross combinations，while fresh pollen and pollen stored for 13 months were significantly different for 3 strains，with decreases of 34.91% for strain 10‑173，55.48% for strain 3‑4 and 100% for strain 2‑13.The results of pollen viability dynamics of five strains of 3‑4，7‑9，6‑17，10‑4 and 6‑3 stored at -20℃ showed that the pollen viability of 7‑9，6‑17 and 6‑3 increased and then decreased with the prolongation of storage time，while the pollen viability of 3‑4 showed no significant change in the first three months，and then began to decrease.Among the five strains，the pollen germination rate of 6‑3，10‑4，6‑17，and 7‑9 did not decrease compared with that of fresh pollen after 13 months of storage，while that of 3‑4 was less than 50% of that of fresh pollen.There are significant differences in pollen viability to varying degrees and different proportions of sterile strains in the progeny of both the Yuluxiang×Shinseiki and Yuluxiang×Xianghongli crosses；the pollen viability of the progeny of the former combination is significantly higher than that of the latter combination，and the proportion of sterile strains is significantly lower than that of the latter combination. -20℃ low temperature condition is suitable for pear pollen storage for one year，and the pollen viability after storage can meet the pollination requirements. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and Function Analysis of Rice Sucrose Transporter OsSUT4 Gene CAI Yumeng, WANG Ying, HE Fei, LIU Yanqing, LIU Jingyan, GUO Yanli, SUN Yue, SU Jingping, WANG Shengjun, LI Junling Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 1-7.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.001 Abstract （374）      PDF （5128KB）（127）       Knowledge map    Save The rice sucrose transporter gene OsSUT4 was cloned，and sucrose transport capability of OsSUT4 was verified by yeast heterologous expression system.The gene was overexpressed in rice，the phenotype of transgenic plants was observed，and the salt tolerance and drought resistance was identified，so as to explore the role of the OsSUT4 gene in stress resistance in rice and provide new gene resources and theoretical foundations for rice genetic improvement. The results showed that OsSUT4 gene was primarily expressed in the flag leaves at jointing stage；The sucrose transport capability of OsSUT4 was confirmed for the first time using the yeast heterologous expression system；Overexpression of OsSUT4 gene did not significantly alter the grain morphology or the thousand⁃grain weight，but significantly increased plant height and survival rates under salt and drought stresses，thereby enhancing the salt tolerance and drought resistance of rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Mepenzolate Compounding with Plant Growth Regulator on Spatiotemporal Distribution of Boll Formation and Endogenous Hormones in Cotton ZHANG Ning, ZHANG Yongli, LIU Yujie, TU Xiaoju, ZHOU Zhonghua, LIU Aiyu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 48-57.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.006 Abstract （365）      PDF （2550KB）（317）       Knowledge map    Save Mepenzolate（DPC）compounding with plant growth regulator can effectively increase cotton yield. To clarify its effect on the law of boll formation in cotton，DPC was selected to be compounded with sodium nitroprusside（CSN），brassinolide（BR），sodium naphthylacetate（SNA），and phthalanilic acid（PHA），and a single application of DPC was used as the control. Three sprays were carried out at the budding stage，the pre⁃boll stage and the peak boll stage，and the effects of different compound combinations on the canopy structure，spatiotemporal distribution of boll formation，endogenous hormones，and yield were analyzed.The results showed that compared with the control，the compound treatment increased the leaf area index of cotton at the flowering boll stage，resulting in a significant decrease in the light transmittance of the lower canopy. The compound treatment increased the average growth rate of each reproductive organ and increased the number of flocculent bolls，and the number of cotton bolls increased by 35. 88%—46. 76% compared with the control. The compound treatment had a great effect on the vertical distribution of cotton bolls，the boll proportion in the lower part decreased compared with the control，but it increased the proportion of bolls in the middle and upper parts.The contents of indole acetic acid（IAA）and abscisic acid（ABA）in leaves could be reduced by compound treatment 10 days after the first application，and the gibberellins（GA3）content of DPC compounding with BR was significantly higher than that of the control at 30 days after application，and the compound treatment could significantly regulate the increase of zeatin riboside（ZR）content. Compared with the control，the boll formation rate of the compound treatment was significantly increased by 9.97%—16.85%，the number of bolls per hectare was significantly increased by 9.20%—17.22%，and the lint yield was significantly increased by 10.33%—22.30%. In conclusion，DPC compound treatment optimizes the spatiotemporal distribution of boll formation by regulating cotton endogenous hormones，which significantly increases the boll rate and thus increases cotton yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Physiological Mechanism of Maize Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Line C01 LIU Xinyi, LIAO Zhijie, LÜ Dan, MO Jiamei, JIA Wei, LUO Hongbing Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 21-27.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.003 Abstract （359）      PDF （2086KB）（80）       Knowledge map    Save In order to reveal the physiological mechanism of maize cytoplasmic male sterility，the agronomic traits and pollen morphology of cytoplasmic male sterility line C01 and maintainer line T01 were investigated，and the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD）and catalase（CAT）and the contents of malondialdehyde（MDA），soluble sugar，soluble protein and free proline in leaves were measured at seedling stage（V1），jointing stage（V6），11 leaves stage（V11），tasseling stage（VT），pollen dispersing stage（R1）and seed formation stage（R2），respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in agronomic traits between the sterile line C01 and the maintainer line T01，but there was significant difference in anther morphology. The anthers of T01 were full and normally dehiscent，light yellow，and there were pollens；the anthers of C01 were shriveled，non‑dehiscent，tender green，the length and cross‑sectional diameter of the anthers were significantly lower than those of T01，and there was no pollen.From V1 to VT，the soluble sugar content in C01 leaves was significantly lower than that in T01；Except for VT，the soluble protein content in C01 leaves was significantly lower than that in T01；The content of free proline in C01 leaves was significantly lower than that in T01 at VT and R1；At all growth stages，the SOD activity in C01 leaves was significantly lower than that in T01，there was no significant difference in POD activity，and the CAT activity was significantly lower than that in T01 at V11 and VT；There was no significant difference in MDA content.It is inferred that the synthesis and transport pathways of soluble sugar，soluble protein and free proline of C01 may be blocked，and the insufficient energy supply may lead to low CAT and SOD activity，which in turn leads to male sterility of C01. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and Identification of Plant Growth⁃Promoting Rhizobacteria and Their Growth⁃Promoting Effects on Tobacco NIU Wenyan, LI Xiaojie, XU Min, QIU Rui, BAI Jingke, LIU Chang, CHEN Yuguo, SI Junke, LI Shujun, SONG Pengyu, SONG Shouye Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 50-59.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.006 Abstract （355）      PDF （2942KB）（459）       Knowledge map    Save To explore multifunctional beneficial microbial strains that promote tobacco growth，bacterial strains with growth⁃promoting potential were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy crops in Jiaxian County，Pingdingshan City，Henan Province.The bacterial strains were identified through morphological，physiological，biochemical analyses，and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.Their growth⁃promoting effects were confirmed through petri dish seed germination tests and pot experiments involving tobacco. The results indicated that strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 had indole⁃3⁃acetic acid（IAA）concentrations of 28.35 mg/L and 22.03 mg/L in their fermentation broths， respectively， with 1⁃aminocyclopropane⁃1⁃carboxylic acid（ACC）deaminase activities of 546.64 U/L and 521.21 U/L.Both strains also exhibited phosphate solubilization，potassium release，and nitrogen fixation capabilities.Identification confirmed that strain JLS0502 was Leclercia adecarboxylata，while strain JLS0413 was Enterobacter ludwigii.Treatment with strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 significantly improved the germination rate of tobacco seeds and promoted root elongation. Pot experiments showed that strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 significantly improved agronomic traits，including plant height，fresh weight，and root morphology of tobacco. Specifically，compared to the uninoculated control，the plant height，total fresh weight，root fresh weight，total root surface area，and total root volume increased by 66.05%，55.82%，59.30%，22.55%，29.37%，and 75.38%，66.29%，105.23%，90.15%，and 140.48%，respectively.Furthermore，the levels of plant hormones，including brassinolide（BR），gibberellin（GA），and indole⁃3⁃acetic acid（IAA），as well as the activities of defense enzymes，such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase（PAL），catalase（CAT），peroxidase（POD），polyphenol oxidase（PPO），and superoxide dismutase（SOD），were significantly higher in the tobacco leaves than in the control group.These findings highlight the significant growth⁃promoting effects of strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 on tobacco. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Potential Suitable Areas Variation of Cercis glabra under Different Climate Scenarios Based on MaxEnt Model ZHANG Yucui, YAN Caixia, ZHAO Lin, TAN Jianghong, WANG Cheng, YUAN Liang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 160-169.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.017 Abstract （352）      PDF （5130KB）（80）       Knowledge map    Save In order to provide scientific basis for protection，introduction and transplantation of Cercis glabra，the dominant environmental factors which affected the geographical distribution of Cercis glabra and the variation trend of potential suitable areas of Cercis glabra in modern and future periods were researched. Based on the 329 distribution records of Cercis glabra in China，3 topographic variables，19 climate variables in modern times and future climate scenarios of low greenhouse gas emissions（ssp126），moderate greenhouse gas emissions（ssp245），high greenhouse gas emissions（ssp585）in the shared socio‑economic pathway（SSP），the dominant environmental factors which affected the geographical distribution of Cercis glabra were analyzed，and then the distribution，area，spatial pattern change，centroid migration trend of potential suitable areas of Cercis glabra were predicted by MaxEnt model and ArcGIS software in modern times and future climate scenarios. The results showed that the most important environmental factors were min temperature of coldest month（Bio6），annual precipitation（Bio12）and mean diurnal range（Bio2）for the distribution of potential suitable areas of Cercis glabra，the optimal ranges were -5.5—5.0 ℃，less than 1 750 mm，7.1—9.8 ℃ respectively. The total potential suitable area of Cercis glabra was 231. 46×104 km2 in modern times，and mainly distributed in middle‑south of East China，most areas of Central China，middle‑north of South China，east of Southwest and Northwest China，and the high，moderate，low suitable areas accounted for 24. 66%，35. 21% and 40.13% respectively. In different periods in future climate scenarios，the spatial distributions of suitable areas are similar to modern times，but the total suitable areas are more than modern times，in the climate scenarios of ssp126，ssp245，ssp585，the total potential suitable areas will increase by 0. 49%，5.02%，4.64% in 2050s（2041—2060），and increase by 2.93%，4.47%，5.45% in 2070s（2061—2080）；Under the climate scenarios of ssp245 and ssp585，the newly increased rates of the suitable areas are 0.88‑1.82 percentage points higher than those in the same period of ssp126 in 2050s and 2070s，while the lost rates are comparable or slightly smaller；Generally，the newly increased rate is 4.80%—6.71%，and the lost rate is 3.37%—4.65%，it is mainly reflected in the increase of the moderate suitable areas and the decrease of the high suitable areas；The potential suitable areas of Cercis glabra will migrate northward slightly as a whole，and the migration distances are less than 1 latitude；While its distribution center will move to northwest or southwest less than 300 km，then transfer to the border region in the south of Chongqing，north of Guizhou Province，southeast of Sichuan Province，and the meridional movements are more than latitudinal movements significantly，meanwhile，the movement distances in 2070s are less than 2050s. It showes that in the future，the meridional changes of climate environment are more than latitudinal changes，and the migration distances of the distribution centers will show a reducing trend over time；Under the climate with moderate and high greenhouse gas emissions，the climate environment will be more conducive to expansion of the suitable areas of Cercis glabra. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Current Status and Research Progress on the Resource Utilization of Spent Mushroom Substrate in Edible Fungi Cultivation ZHANG Chaohui, LIU Yang, ZHANG Guang, WANG Zhenhe, QIU Liyou Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 1-14.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.001 Abstract （352）      PDF （5411KB）（293）       Knowledge map    Save Edible fungi cultivation is the fifth‑largest planting industry in China and an important pillar for rural revitalization.When the edible fungi industry is developing rapidly，a large amount of spent mushroom substrate（SMS）is generated.A lot of SMS is casually discarded or incinerated，resulting in serious environmental pollution and resource waste.Therefore，the issue of the resource‑based utilization of SMS has received widespread attention.Based on the analysis of the source，physical and chemical properties，and nutritional components of SMS，this paper comprehensively reviews the current situation and research progress of the resource‑based utilization of SMS.This includes SMS being used as energy materials，for the production of bio‑fertilizers，for improving the soil environment，for the extraction of bioactive substances，and for the manufacture of composite materials，etc.It also points out the existing problems in the utilization of SMS.Combining with the development status of the edible fungi industry，this paper looks ahead to the comprehensive utilization of SMS，aiming to increase the utilization rate of SMS and promote the sustainable development of the edible fungi industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of LED Light Quality on Physiology，Biochemistry and Nutrient Content of Dendrobium officinale Test⁃tube Seedlings LIN Qiongyu, ZHENG Lifang, MENG Xinya, WANG Jiangning, FU Qiunuan, SONG Xiqiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 66-76.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.008 Abstract （351）      PDF （1771KB）（177）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the impact of different LED light spectrums on the growth，photosynthesis，and nutrient accumulation of Dendrobium officinale test⁃tube seedlings，using D.officinale test⁃tube seedlings as the experimental material，six different light quality treatments were established［100% red light（R），100% blue light（B），80% red light+20% blue light（8R∶2B），70% red light+30% blue light（7R∶3B），and 50% red light+50% blue light（5R∶5B），white fluorescent light used as a control group（CK）］.The growth indexes（plant height，leaf number，maximum leaf length，stem diameter，fresh weight，dry weight），antioxidant indexes［superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity，malondialdehyde（MDA） content，ascorbate peroxidase（APX）activity，peroxidase（POD）activity，catalase（CAT）activity）］，photosynthetic indexes（chlorophyll a content，chlorophyll b content，chlorophyll a+b content，chlorophyll a/b ratio，carotenoids content），chlorophyll fluorescence indexes（Fv/Fm，ΦPSⅡ ，ETRⅡ，qN，qP，Fv/Fo）and nutrient contents（amino acids，alkaloids，polysaccharides）were measured after 90 days of treatment. The results showed that the 8R∶2B treatment was beneficial to the elongation of plant height，leaf growth and the increase of stem diameter of D.officinale test⁃tube seedlings.The number of leaves and qN were highest in blue light treatment with 7.846，0.861.The antioxidant index was the best in 5R∶5B treatment as a whole，and the dry weight，fresh weight，nutrient content，chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence of test⁃tube seedlings were also the best in the 5R∶5B treatment.there were significant correlations among growth index，antioxidant enzyme index，nutrient index，chlorophyll fluorescence indexes and chlorophyll content.The results of principal component analysis showed that the physiological growth and nutrient accumulation of D.officinale test⁃tube seedlings with 5R∶5B treatment were the best，and the comprehensive score was 3.12.In conclusion，when the D.officinale test⁃tube seedlings are in the LED light quality environment of 5R∶5B treatment，it is most conducive to their growth and development and nutrient accumulation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing System in Wheat Breeding CHEN Yanyan1, ZHAO Mingzhong1, LI Yan1, 2, HUA Xia1, FANG Yuhui1, 2, GONG Chen1, QI Xueli1, 2 Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.001 Abstract （350）      PDF （1381KB）（133）       Knowledge map    Save Wheat is a crucial cereal crop，and the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system provides a powerful tool for wheat breeding. The principle of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system was elaborated，its applications in enhancing wheat yield related traits，improving grain quality，increasing stress resistance（biotic and abiotic stresses），and accelerating the breeding process were reviewed，and the current challenges and future prospects were explored，providing a theoretical foundation for molecular breeding of wheat. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Nano⁃ZnO Applications in Plant Disease Control PENG Yulong1, SUN Xiaofang2, HUANG Yun3, ZHAO Ziyan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.001 Abstract （344）      PDF （1369KB）（167）       Knowledge map    Save With the advancement of nanotechnology，nano⁃ZnO has garnered significant attention in the field of plant protection due to its excellent antimicrobial properties. This review summarizes the direct inhibitory effects of nano⁃ZnO on plant pathogenic bacteria，fungi，oomycetes，viruses，and nematodes，as well as its roles in inducing plant disease resistance，promoting plant growth，and other potential beneficial effects. Additionally，it discusses the applications of nano⁃ZnO composites，doped nano⁃ZnO，and green⁃synthesized nano⁃ZnO in controlling plant diseases.Finally，this review highlights that future research on the application of nano⁃ZnO in plant disease control is expected to focus on broadening its application evaluation in various pathogens，delving into its mechanisms of action，and optimizing the performance of nano⁃ZnO to enhance application efficacy. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Tobacco Essential Oil Microcapsule and Its Application in Cigarette Paper XUE Yun, WU Yihong, LIU Yuanshang, HUANG Jiale, ZHOU Pengfei, BAI Jiafeng, JIA Xuewei, DAI Yuxiang, XU Chunping Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 154-162.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.018 Abstract （343）      PDF （2413KB）（296）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the effect of tobacco essential oil microcapsules on cigarette paper flavoring，firstly，tobacco essential oil was prepared by water distillation. Then complex coacervation method was employed to prepare tobacco essential oil microcapsules with tobacco essential oil as the core material，chitosan as the wall material，and span⁃80 as the emulsifier，and the embedding yield was determined.Subsequently，scanning electron microscopy，laser particle size analyzer and infrared spectrum analyzer were used to characterize the physical and chemical properties of microcapsules.Finally，the microcapsules were used to flavor cigarette paper，and the sensory evaluation and smoke composition analysis of the flavored cigarettes were carried out.The results showed that the average particle size of tobacco essential oil microcapsules prepared with chitosan as the wall material and tobacco essential oil as the core material was 221. 1 nm，and the embedding yield was 75.3%.The prepared tobacco essential oil microcapsules showed smooth and plump spherical surface through scanning electron microscope.The infrared spectrum analysis of tobacco essential oil，chitosan and tobacco essential oil microcapsules showed that tobacco essential oil was embedded in chitosan by comparing their characteristic absorption peaks.The results of sensory evaluation showed that the flavored cigarettes were significantly improved.When the tobacco essential oil microcapsules and tobacco essential oil were compounded at a volume ratio of 1∶2，the aroma effect was more significant，and the sensory evaluation score could reach 86.6.Compared with the control（ie.cigarettes without flavoring），the contents of nicotine，alcohols，aldehydes，acids，esters and ketones in the smoke components of the cigarettes with compound flavors were increased，and the aroma，taste and strength of cigarettes were improved. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Bacillus on Seed Germination and Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Maize under Salt⁃Alkali Stress DENG Cong, MA Lu, WANG Qingsong, FU Jian, WANG Yufeng, YANG Kejun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 20-30.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.003 Abstract （342）      PDF （4388KB）（84）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the mitigation effect of Bacillus on salt⁃alkali stress of maize at germination stage，maize with different salt⁃alkali tolerance（Kennian No.1，Xianyu 335，Jiaqiu 105）were used as materials，the germination test was carried out by inoculating Bacillus under salt stress（100 mmol/L NaCl）and alkali stress（60 mmol/L NaHCO3），and the effects of Bacillus on the length，antioxidant enzyme（POD，SOD，CAT，APX）activity，osmotic adjustment substance（soluble protein，soluble sugar，free proline）content，membrane lipid peroxidation（superoxide anion and malondialdehyde contents）of maize plantule and embryo root under salt⁃alkali stress were studied.The results showed that the growth of maize plantule and embryo root was inhibited under salt⁃alkali stress，and the activities of antioxidant enzymes，the contents of osmotic adjustment substances and the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation all showed an upward trend. Compared with salt⁃alkali stress，Bacillus could increase the length，antioxidant enzymes activities and contents of osmotic adjustment substances，and reduce the degree of lipid peroxidation of plantule and embryo root of three maize varieties under salt⁃alkali stress.Under salt stress，inoculation of Bacillus decreased the content of superoxide anion of maize plantule by 14.74 % —49.30%，and the content of superoxide anion of maize embryo root by 0.37%—57.55%；Under alkali stress，inoculation of Bacillus decreased the content of superoxide anion of maize plantule by 18.11% —46.31%，and the content of superoxide anion of maize embryo root by 15.36%—46.83%.Overall，Bacillus can scavenge reactive oxygen species and maintain osmotic pressure balance by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and contents of osmotic adjustment substances，reduce the damage caused by salt⁃alkali stress to maize germination，and then improve the tolerance to salt and alkali. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects and Comprehensive Evaluation of Different Plant Regulators on Growth of Sugar Beets YUAN Tuantuan, LIU Changbing, BEN Qiuping, DING Zhaofei, WANG Kaiyong, FAN Hua, LI Weinong, LI Zhiqiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 40-49.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.005 Abstract （341）      PDF （3563KB）（50）       Knowledge map    Save To identify suitable growth regulators for sugar beets under drip irrigation in Xinjiang and improve the sugar beets yield，the effects of different plant growth regulators on agronomic traits，photosynthetic characteristics，yield of sugar beets were investigated. At 50，70，and 90 days after the emergence of sugar beets，four plant growth regulators DPC，CCC，S3307 and ETH，were sprayed three times on the sugar beets，with water as the control（CK），in 2021 and 2022.The results showed that plant growth regulators could effectively reduce plant height，increase photosynthetic pigment content in sugar beet leaves by 7.38%—16.81% and the net photosynthetic rate by 0.54%—21.54%.The four treatments could increase the yield of sugar beet by 5.97%，12.91%，2.84%，14.20% in 2021，and 10.46%，13.08%，8.39%，18.17% in 2022，respectively，compared with CK. The sugar production of the four regulator treatments was increased by 4.56%，10.90%，6.87%，10.35% in 2021，and 8.34%，11.87%，9.44%，0.43% in 2022.By combining PCA（principal component analysis）and entropy weighted TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation，the impact level of the four growth regulators on sugar beets showed CCC>ETH>DPC>S3307>CK.Overall，CCC was the best regulator in regulating the growth，yield，and quality of sugar beets. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome‑wide Association Analysis of Wild Soybean Seedling Traits and Screening of Candidate Cadmium‑tolerant Genes CHE Yali, WU Sujun, WANG Kunyang, WANG Yanli, ZHANG Kai, QIAO Yake, YUAN Quan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 40-54.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.005 Abstract （338）      PDF （7939KB）（64）       Knowledge map    Save Wild soybean is a close relative of cultivated soybean，which has abundant resistance alleles. In order to screen cadmium‑tolerant wild soybean germplasm resources and analyze its molecular mechanism of cadmium‑tolerance，205 wild soybean lines from eastern Hebei Province were selected as research materials.A hydroponic experiment was conducted to set up cadmium stress and control(without cadmium stress)with two environmental replicates in November 2022 and July 2023. The shoot fresh weight(SFW)，root fresh weight(RFW)，plant height(PH)，root length(RL)were determined，and root shoot ratio(RSR)of fresh weight，cadmium tolerance coefficient(CTC)corresponding to each trait and cadmium tolerance evaluation value(D value)of each wild soybean strain were calculated. At the same time，genome‑wide association analysis(GWAS) was carried out，and then haplotype analysis was performed on significant single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)on chromosome 15.The results showed that the average value of seedlings traits under cadmium stress were lower than those of the control except for RSR. The results of frequency analysis showed that the CTC in the two environments showed normal distribution and genetic characteristics of quantitative traits. According to D value，13 cadmium‑tolerant wild soybean germplasms were screened out. Principal component analysis(PCA)showed that 205 wild soybean lines could be divided into three groups. Linkage disequilibrium(LD)analysis showed that 205 wild soybean natural populations decayed at 100 kb.A total of 195 SNPs significantly associated with cadmium tolerance in wild soybean were detected by GWAS analysis，and a single SNP could explain 1.95% to 25.43% of the phenotypic variation.A total of 591 candidate genes were identified according to the physical location of SNPs，of which 11 candidate genes were repeatedly associated with multiple SNPs，which belonged to pleiotropic effects. More importantly，genes of two metal‑tolerant proteins(MTPs)and two heavy metal‑associated isoprenylated plant proteins(HIPPs)were identified according to functional annotations.They were LOC114386540(MTP 10‑like)，LOC114388453(MTP 10‑like)，LOC114369981(HIPP 36‑like)and LOC114381753(HIPP 37‑like)，laying a foundation for elucidation of the molecular mechanism of the inheritance of cadmium tolerance in wild soybean. Haplotype analysis showed that the average CTC of haplotype 2 on chromosome 15 was the largest，which belonged to the excellent haplotype. This results provide information for analyzing the genetic mechanism of cadmium tolerance in wild soybean and provide important genetic resources for cultivating cadmium‑tolerant soybean varieties. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Properties of Resistant Starch from Potato by Ultrasonic Assisted Enzymatic Method CHENG Jianxin, TIAN Jiachun, GE Xia, ZHAO Bingxin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 174-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.020 Abstract （337）      PDF （2080KB）（46）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore suitable preparation method of potato resistant starch，Tianshu 14 potato was used as raw material to prepare resistant starch by ultrasonic⁃assisted high temperature resistant α⁃amylase method，ultrasonic⁃assisted pullulanase method，ultrasonic⁃assisted double enzyme method（high temperature resistant α⁃amylase method，pullulanase method） and ultrasonic⁃assisted high temperature resistant α⁃amylase method after potato ripening.The yield，content，solubility，swelling degree and other physical and chemical properties of resistant starch were compared.The morphology and molecular chain conformation of resistant starch granules prepared by different methods were compared by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that theyield（14.25%），content（19.31%），solubility and swelling degree of resistant starch prepared by ultrasonic⁃assisted thermostable α⁃amylase after potato ripening were higher than those prepared by other methods，and no new functional groups were produced. However，the strength ratio increased slightly and the degree of double helix structure decreased.In summary，the resistant starch prepared by ultrasonic⁃assisted high⁃temperature resistant α⁃amylase after potato ripening is stable，with good morphological structure and physical and chemical properties.It is recommended as a high⁃quality and efficient production method for potato resistant starch. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Adaptability of Dianmai 7 and Dianmai 12 and Detection of Stripe Rust Resistant Genes at Adult Plant Stage JIANG Guofei, WANG Xuqin, ZHANG Lingyuan, BAI Yutao, ZHANG Ping, LIU Junna, LI Li, LI Hanxue, QIN Peng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 9-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.002 Abstract （334）      PDF （2147KB）（103）       Knowledge map    Save Adaptability evaluations of Dianmai 7 and Dianmai 12 were conducted at seven experimental sites in Yunnan Province，including Lijiang（altitude of 2 240 m），Chuxiong（altitude of 1 773 m），Honghe（altitude of 1 672 m），Baoshan（altitude of 1 654 m），Kunming（altitude of 1 603 m），Yuxi（altitude of 1 507 m）and Lincang（altitude of 1 476 m），and the stripe rust resistantce genes（QYr. nwafu‑4BL，Yr5，Yr10，Yr15，Yr18，Yr26，Yr29，Yr39，Yr41，Yr65，Yr67，Yr78 and Yr80）were detected at adult plant stage，so as to provide theoretical references for the promotion of the layout of dominant regions of wheat and the breeding of cultivars with resistance to stripe rust in Yunnan Province.The results showed that the two wheat cultivars at the Honghe experimental site had high yields，and their growth period，plant height，population structure and stress resistance all performed well；Dianmai 7 exhibited superior agronomic traits compared with Dianmai 12. Detection of stripe rust resistant genes of the two cultivars at adult plant stage revealed that Dianmai 7 carried two resistance genes，including Yr78+QYr. nwafu‑4BL，and Dianmai 12 carried four resistance genes，including Yr5+Yr65+Yr67+QYr. nwafu‑4BL. In conclusion，the agronomic traits of the Honghe test site are superior，and Dianmai 7 performs better than Dianmai 12，which is suitable for popularization and planting in Yunnan Province；the two cultivars show higher resistance to stripe rust at adult plant stage，and their resistance is partly determined by the additive effect of resistance genes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution of Rice Blast Resistance Genes Pita and Pikm in Japonica Rice Germplasm Resources and Their Relationship with Rice Blast Resistance LIU Haolin, SHEN Wenjuan, GAO Yu, QI Jingyi, LIU Hairui, GUAN Ruijie, MA Yu, ZHANG Tianchang, ZHANG Yinxia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 10-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.002 Abstract （331）      PDF （2167KB）（55）       Knowledge map    Save The blast resistance of 93 japonica rice germplasms，including local germplasms and introduced germplasms in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region，was identified. Molecular detection of two rice blast resistance genes，Pita and Pikm，was conducted to analyze their genotypes. Subsequently，correlation analysis was performed between the comprehensive index of resistance and the resistance genes Pita and Pikm.The objective of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for rice blast⁃resistant breeding in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.The results showed that among the 93 germplasms，highly susceptible，moderately susceptible，susceptible，moderately resistant and resistant germplasms accounted for 2.2%（2/93），32.2%（30/93），6.5%（6/93），55.9%（52/93） and 3.2%（3/93），respectively.A total of 55 germplasms had resistance to rice blast，with resistance rate of 59.1%.Molecular detection results showed that there were 42 homozygotes for Pita resistance gene，accounting for 45.2% of the total germplasms.For Pikm resistance gene，there were 39 homozygotes，accounting for 41.9% of the total germplasms.The gene combination Pita+/Pikm+exhibited the best performance in enhancing resistance to rice blast，with an average comprehensive index of rice blast resistance of 2.63，followed by Pita+/Pikm- and Pita-/Pikm+，with average comprehensive indices of rice blast resistance of 4.08 and 4.42，respectively.In contrast，the resistance of gene combination Pita-/Pikm-was the weakest，with a comprehensive index of rice blast resistance of 5.33.The correlation analysis result showed that Pita and Pikm genes were significantly positively correlated with rice blast resistance，and there was also a significantly positive correlation between Pita and Pikm genes，indicating the presence of a synergistic effect of resistance between Pita and Pikm genes.Thus，integrating Pita and Pikm genes in molecular⁃assisted breeding programs against rice blast can improve the resistance to rice blast in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the Preservation Effect of Melatonin on Cut Chrysanthemum TIAN Yunfang, CHU Zhigang, CHEN Lipei, HE Yixin, LIU Xiaojuan, FAN Chunli Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 119-127.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.012 Abstract （328）      PDF （3229KB）（76）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the storage and transportation resistance of cut chrysanthemum，fresh cut flowers of Youxiang were soaked in distilled water，basic vase solution（30 g/kg sucrose+250 mg/L 8‑hydroxyquinoline+200 mg/L citric acid），melatonin solution（20 μmol/L） and basic+melatonin compound solution（20 μmol/L melatonin+basic vase solution） to explore the preservation effect of melatonin on cut chrysanthemum. Based on the previous results of fresh‑keeping effect，three kinds of cut chrysanthemum Youxiang，Huangxiao and Baizhou were used as experimental materials，and three treatments were set up，light group（light 16 h/dark 8 h，distilled water），dark stress group（light 0 h/dark 24 h，distilled water）and dark relief group（light 0 h/dark 24 h，20 μmol/L melatonin），to study the alleviation effect of melatonin on leaf yellowing and senescence under dark stress. The results showed that，exogenous melatonin obviously delayed the flower diameter opening，improved water balance value and pigment content of cut chrysanthemum Youxiang，slowed down the change rate of fresh quality of cut flowers，enhanced the activities of SOD（superoxide dismutase）and POD（peroxidase），increased the content of soluble protein and decreased the relative electrical conductivity.Compared with the control，compound solution had the best preservation effect on Youxiang cut flowers（After 7 days of treatment，the average flower diameter was 7.11 cm，which was the smallest，and the flowers could continue to bloom），followed by 20 μmol/L melatonin and basic vase solution. For dark treatment，melatonin treatment increased the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid in three cut chrysanthemum leaves under dark stress，delayed the degradation rate of soluble protein，and decreased the relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content. On the 7th day of storage，the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content of cut chrysanthemum in dark relief group decreased the most compared with that in dark stress group，with Youxiang decreased by 13.76% and 12.12%，Huangxiao by 17.35% and 12.47%，and Baizhou by 10.64% and 13.28%，all reaching significant levels（P<0.05）. 20 μmol/L melatonin could alleviate the dark stress in cut chrysanthemum leaves. It is concluded that melatonin can decrease the content of MDA by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in cut chrysanthemum，so as to alleviate the dark stress and prolong the green period of leaves，which provides theoretical basis for the application of melatonin in long‑distance transportation of cut chrysanthemum. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution Levels and Sources in Melon Fields in Two Typical Producing Areas of Xinjiang PAN Juxiu, SHEN Qi, WANG Xiaoting, KANG Qi, WUJISIGULENG, HE Weizhong, WANG Cheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 88-98.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.010 Abstract （324）      PDF （2668KB）（31）       Knowledge map    Save In order to determine the level and sources of soil heavy metal pollution in two typical melon fields in Xinjiang，183 soil samples were selected as the research objects，according to the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Soil Heavy Metal Determination（DB 65T3974—2017），the content of six heavy metals，Cr，Ni，As，Cd，Pb，and Cu，in soil samples was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP⁃MS）. The single factor pollution index and Nemero comprehensive pollution index，ground accumulation pollution index，and potential ecological risk index of soil samples were calculated.A health risk assessment model was used to evaluate the pollution levels of six heavy metals in the samples，and principal component analysis was used to analyze the sources of the six heavy metals in the samples. The results showed that among the six heavy metals in the soil samples，the maximum values of As and Cd exceeded the risk screening values，indicating a relatively high degree of pollution.The Nemero comprehensive pollution index in the two production areas reached 3.74 and 1.40，respectively，indicating severe and mild pollution. In terms of land accumulation index， both production areas had the highest As pollution level. The health risks of heavy metal pollution to children were higher than those to adults，and the contribution rate of oral intake was relatively higher.Cr，Ni，and Cu in soil might be derived from parent materials，while human activities were an important source of As，Cd，and Pb in the samples. In summary，it is necessary to reduce the impact of human activities on soil As and Cd pollution in melon fields in the study area through various means. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Tillage and Straw Returning Methods on Yield and N2O Emission of Winter Wheat ZHAO Lishang 1, YANG Tiancong 2, ZHANG Xiaomei2, SONG Quanhao 1, MA Zhiyao 2, FENG Wei 2, DUAN Jianzhao2 Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (4): 27-36.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.003 Abstract （316）      PDF （4626KB）（79）       Knowledge map    Save In order to seek technical measures for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing yield in winter wheat production，winter wheat in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain was taken as the research object，the effects of different tillage methods［shallow rotating tillage（S）and deep tillage（D）］and straw returning methods［no straw returning（N），direct straw returning（R）and charred straw returning to field（C）］on dry matter accumulation，nitrogen absorption and utilization，yield and N2O emission of winter wheat were studied.The results showed that deep tillage and straw returning promoted plant growth，increased dry matter accumulation，enhanced nitrogen absorption and utilization，and synergistically increased yield components，thus increasing yield.Compared with SN treatment，the nitrogen use efficiency of SR and SC treatments increased by 16.08%—18.34% and 12.27%—14.03%，and that of DN，DR and DC treatments increased by 19.20%—28.70%，37.60%—40.90% and 24.80%—34.50%，respectively.DR and DC treatments were more beneficial to nitrogen absorption，and improve utilization efficiency.Ear number of DR and DC treatments increased by 7.27%—8.31% and 12.97%—15.03%，grain number per ear increased by 10.34%—9.25% and 6.90%—8.03%，and yield increased by 8.00%—15.15% and 7.00%—9.09%，respectively.Compared with S treatment，D treatment reduced the peak of N2O emission flux，R treatment increased the peak of N2O emission flux compared with N treatment，and C treatment reduced the peak of N2O emission flux compared with N treatment. Compared with SN treatment，N2O emission accumulation of DR and DC treatments decreased by 1.15%—2.04% and 5.53%—15.14%，respectively.To sum up，deep tillage and straw returning are beneficial to the growth and development of winter wheat，increase yield，save energy and reduce emission，among which DC treatment can be used as the best tillage measure to increase yield and reduce N2O emission in winter wheat production in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Antifungal Activity and Nano‑selenization Application of Paenilbacillus polymyxa YUAN Lianlian, LIU Tianbo, LI Xiaodong, DENG Zhengyu, TENG Kai, SHEN Lili, JIAO Yubing, WANG Yingwen, YANG Jinguang, LI Ying Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 101-108.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.010 Abstract （314）      PDF （7473KB）（437）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen the microorganisms with good control effect for the control of crop fungal diseases，the disease resistance and nano‑selenization of Paenobacillus polymyxa KZJ‑1 were studied.The results showed that KZJ‑1 bacteriological solution had good inhibition effect on Colletotrichum micotianaeThanatephorus cucumeris，Thielaviopsis basicola and Phytophthora parasitica，with inhibition rates of 49.78%，53.64%，46.42% and 58.85%，respectively.In addition，the strain KZJ‑1 could biosynthesize nano‑selenium，and the active solution of nano‑selenium with different concentrations had a good inhibitory effect on Phytophthora parasitica，and the inhibitory effect was enhanced with the increase of the concentration of sodium selenite added.At the same time，the pot experiment results showed that KZJ‑1 and its nano‑selenium active bacterial solution could effectively prevent and control tobacco black shank disease and promote the growth of tobacco plants.The disease index of tobacco black shank disease treated with nano‑selenium active bacterial solution was the lowest after 7 days of irrigation，and the control effect reached 90.23%，and the control effect decreased slightly to 83.32% after 14 days，both of which were significantly higher than that of the control.The growth rate of plant height，maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width were 16.21%，31.74% and 33.61%，respectively.It can be seen that the biosynthesis of nano‑selenium by strain KZJ‑1 enhanced the disease resistance and growth promotion ability of the original strain，and had certain practical application value in production. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Regulatory Effect of the SP1/IGF2BP3 Axis on the Proliferation of Porcine Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells HUANG Yuxin, WANG Wei, LI Yixing, TANG Zhonglin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 129-138.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.014 Abstract （311）      PDF （5987KB）（21）       Knowledge map    Save This study investigated the effect of insulin⁃like growth factor 2 mRNA⁃binding protein 3（IGF2BP3） on the growth and development of porcine skeletal muscle and analyzed its biological function and expression regulation mechanism so as to provide a theoretical basis and candidate genes for genetic improvement in pigs.Porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells were utilized as the experimental material.RT⁃qPCR and Western blot were employed to measure the expression of cell proliferation marker genes PCNA、CDK4、Cyclin A2 and MKI67，and EdU and CCK⁃8 kits were used to detect cell proliferation viability and rate.The dual⁃luciferase assay of SP1 binding site mutations in the promoter region of the IGF2BP3gene and the ChIP assay were employed to investigate the expression regulatory mechanism of the IGF2BP3 gene by the transcription factor SP1.The results showed that knocking down IGF2BP3 in porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells significantly upregulated the expression of cell proliferation marker genes，increased the proportion of EdU positive cells，and significantly increased the cell proliferation rate at 48 and 72 hours.The dual⁃luciferase activity was significantly reduced by mutations in the SP1 binding region，whereas the activity was significantly increased by SP1 overexpression. SP1 could bind to the promoter region of the IGF2BP3 gene.Interference with SP1 decreased IGF2BP3 expression，whereas overexpression of SP1 upregulated IGF2BP3 expression.Overexpression of SP1 partially eliminated the phenotype that knockdown of IGF2BP3 promoted proliferation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells. In conclusion，the transcription factor SP1 and the IGF2BP3 gene interact to regulate the proliferation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Structure and Diversity of Insect Community in Artemisia argyi Fields in Nanyang LI Haolei, HUANG Xianzhang, CUI Jianxin, YU Yi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 99-106.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.011 Abstract （309）      PDF （2425KB）（151）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the main insect community structure of Artemisia argyi fields，the insects were collected by the sweep nets and the community structure and diversity analyses were carried out after classification and identification. The results showed that a total of 70 579 individuals of insect pests and their natural enemies were collected in the summer and autumn seasons from the field of A.argyi，belonging to six orders，Hymenoptera，Coleoptera，Hemiptera，Neuroptera，Mantodea，and Orthoptera，with a total 32 families.The dominant pest communities were Cicadellidae，Aphididae，Lygaeidae，Chrysomelidae and Latridiidae.The dominant natural enemies of these insect pest communities were Braconidae，Miridae and Coccinellidae. For crops of A.argyi harvested 3—4 times annually，the insect species⁃richness（e.g.Margalef richness index）and diversity（e.g.Shannon diversity index）of mowed A.argyi field were high in summer and gradually decreased in autumn，while for the similar insect communities of unmowed A. argyi field both two above mentioned indexes were low.The dominant insect pest of unmowed A.argyi field was a leafhopper Austroasca mitjaevi，which began to outbreak in late June and lasted until late August. The outbreak of A. mitjaevi in mowed A.argyi field began in mid⁃to⁃late July and lasted until late August；The dominant species of aphid pest was Macrosiphoniella yomogifoliae，which began to break out in mid⁃to⁃late July and lasted until early August.In general，mowed A.argyi field had a certain clear effect on delaying the outbreak of A.mitjaevi，and the degree of aphid damage in unmowed A.argyi field was less than that of mowed field. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Intelligent Identification Technology of Cucumber Diseases YANG Zhendong, LUO Wei, LUO Chen, JIANG Hongxun, ZHANG Ying, SONG Shumin, SHI Yiming, YU Yanling, YANG Tianliang, MA Zhongjie, FENG Xiao, YANG Fan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (4): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.001 Abstract （305）      PDF （1321KB）（521）       Knowledge map    Save The timely and accurate identification of cucumber diseases using intelligent identification technology is crucial for the proactive control and rational application of pesticides，which is of great significance for ensuring high‐quality cucumber production and ecological environmental safety.The intelligent identification of cucumber diseases is mainly realized by expert knowledge based on traditional expert systems and knowledge graphs，visible light image processing based on traditional machine learning and deep learning，spectral analysis such as chlorophyll fluorescence and hyperspectrum，and multi‐modal data fusion.The research progress of intelligent identification of cucumber diseases based on the above technologies was reviewed，the existing problems and deficiencies in current research were also summarized，and the development trends of cucumber diseases intelligent identification technology in the future was prospected，in order to provide reference for the application research of cucumber diseases intelligent identification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Plant Growth Regulators on the Fruit Quality of Ilex verticillata LIU Jiaqi, ZOU Yiping, YIN Yawen, HAO Mingzhuo Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 128-135.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.013 Abstract （303）      PDF （1560KB）（90）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the regulatory effects of different plant growth regulator treatments on the fruit quality of Ilex verticillata ‘Oosterwijk’，2‑year‑old potted seedlings were utilized as materials.Prohexadione‑calcium and mepiquat chloride were mixed in varying concentrations，and their effects were compared with different concentrations of uniconazole and paclobutrazol，along with a control group treated with water.Spraying was conducted on the entire leaf surface during the first fruit enlargement period and ripening stage after fruit setting，followed by sampling upon maturity. Morphological indicators such as fruit length，width，single fruit weight，and moisture content were measured，along with peel chromaticity and fruit hardness. Additionally，pigment contents including chlorophyll，carotenoid，anthocyanin，along with flavonoid content，soluble sugar content，and vitamin C content were determined，for conducting inter‑indicator correlation analyses. The effects of each treatment were analyzed using the membership function method. Results indicated that the fruit shape index after treatment with various agents exceeded that of the control，suggesting a trend towards regular and plump fruit shape. The highest single fruit weight was observed under T4 treatment（5% uniconazole 3.30 g/L），with an average of 0.44 g.The treatment with the highest average moisture content was T3（5% prohexadione‑calcium 0.67 g/L+98% mepiquat chloride 0.30 g/L），with a content of 65.73%. All treatments enhanced fruit brightness and color saturation，with the highest L* and a* values observed under T5 treatment（5% uniconazole 2.00 g/L）treatment.However，there was no significant difference in b* values among treatments.The highest carotenoid content was recorded under T1 treatment（5% prohexadione‑calcium 2.00 g/L+98% mepiquat chloride 1.00 g/L），at 0.022 mg/g. Treatment T5 showed a significant increase in anthocyanin content compared to the control，reaching 190.57 μg/g. The total flavonoid content of I.verticillata‘Oosterwijk’fruits showed an initial increase followed by a decrease with increasing spray concentration of the agents，with the highest soluble sugar content observed under T2 treatment（5% prohexadione‑calcium 1.30 g/L+98% mepiquat chloride 0.67 g/L）.The highest vitamin C content was observed under T3 treatment，with an increase of 38.34% compared to the control group.The rankings of membership function values for each treatment group were T5>T2=T7>T3>T4>T6>T1>CK，indicating that spraying twice with 5% uniconazole at 2.00 g/L during fruit enlargement and ripening stages resulted in the optimal fruit quality. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Different Enzymes on the Quality Improvement Effect of Discarded Tobacco Extract LUO Haitao, WANG Shuoying, QI Yating, LI Ruili, CHEN Dong, RAO Chaoqi, ZHANG Junsong, ZOU Enkai Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 170-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.018 Abstract （302）      PDF （2410KB）（56）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the use value of discarded tobacco leaf，deionized water treatment was used as a control，pectinase，papain，cellulase，α⁃amylase，and laccase were selected to pretreat discarded tobacco leaf，extracts were prepared from discarded tobacco leaf by using ethanol extraction，and the aroma components of each extract were analyzed and cigarette flavoring sensory quality evaluation was carried out.Results showed that a total of 61 volatile components were detected in the extracts of six groups by GC⁃MS analysis，among them，the total volatile components of CK（tobacco extract obtained by deionized water treatment）were 12 335.78 μg/g，and the total volatile components of the extracts prepared by different enzyme treatments were 12 968.96—14 993.75 μg/g，which were increased to varying degrees compared with CK，and the total volatile components of tobacco leaf extract prepared by laccase treatment was the highest. Principal component analysis（PCA）was used to comprehensively evaluate the volatile components of each extract，the results showed that the tobacco extract treated with laccase had the highest comprehensive score，followed by the tobacco extract treated with cellulase and α⁃amylase，and the tobacco extracts treated with papain，pectinase and deionized water had lower comprehensive scores；Compared with CK，the cigarettes flavored by tobacco leaf extract prepared after enzymatic treatment had less impurity and irritation，more comfortable aftertaste，the comprehensive score of cigarettes flavored by tobacco leaf extract prepared by laccase treatment was the highest，which was 87.4 points，7.5 pionts higher than CK.In summary，laccase is the optimal biological enzyme for the preparation of discarded tobacco leaf extracts suitable for cigarette flavoring. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Spraying Amino Acid Chelated Zinc after Anthesis on Synthesis and Accumulation of Starch and Protein in Wheat Grains ZHANG Bowen, JIN Haiyang, XU Haixia, ZHENG Fei, HE Ning, SU Yazhong, ZHAO Guojian, CHENG Hongjian, CHENG Xiyong, LI Xiangdong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 8-19.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.002 Abstract （301）      PDF （3302KB）（137）       Knowledge map    Save Zinc sulfate，zinc aspartate acid and zinc glycinate of 0.2% and 0.4% were sprayed on wheat after anthesis with water as the control（CK），and the effects of spraying amino acid chelated zinc on the contents of soluble sugar，starch，amino acid and protein，and the activities of enzymes related to starch synthesis，nitrogen metabolism in wheat grains were studied in different periods，so as to identify the most efficient zinc fertilizer，and provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the high⁃yield and quality enhancement of wheat production. The results showed that compared with CK，spraying zinc glycinate and zinc aspartate significantly increased the activities of soluble starch synthase in grains at 10 days after spraying at Longting and Dancheng experimental sites，with increase rates of 16.26%—27.45% and 24.51%—39.13%，respectively；At Dancheng experimental site，spraying zinc sulfate，zinc glycinate and zinc aspartate significantly increased the activities of bound starch synthase in grains at 10 days after spraying，with increase rates of 9.93%—17.65%，while at Longting experimental site，only spraying 0.2% zinc aspartate significantly increased the activity of bound starch synthase in grains by 12.15%；Spraying zinc glycinate and zinc aspartate significantly increased the starch content in grains at 10 days after spraying at Longting and Dancheng experimental sites，with increase rates of 14.49%—20.82% and 13.26%—20.68%，respectively，there was no significant difference between zinc sulfate treatments and CK，and there was no significant difference in the starch content in grains at 20 days after spraying and mature stage between zinc treatments and CK.Compared with CK，spraying zinc glycinate significantly increased the activity of glutamine synthetase in grains at 10 days after spraying at Longting and Dancheng experimental sites，with increase rates of 16.67% and 10.42%—14.58%，respectively；Significantly increased the activity of glutamate synthetase in grains at 10 and 20 days after spraying at Dancheng experimental site，with increase rates of 12.18%—15.53% and 11.84%—12.76%，respectively.Spraying 0.2% zinc aspartate significantly increased the activities of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase in grains at 20 days after spraying at Longting experimental site，with increase rates of 23.21% and 10.83%，respectively. Spraying 0.2% zinc aspartate or 0.2% zinc glycinate significantly increased the protein content in grains at mature stage at both experimental sites，spraying 0.4% zinc glycinate only significantly increased the protein content in grains at mature stage at Dancheng experimental site，and 0.2% zinc aspartate treatment had the highest increase rates at both experimental sites，which were 7.90% and 7.25%，respectively.In conclusion，spraying 0.2% zinc aspartate，zinc glycinate after anthesis can significantly increase the protein synthesis and accumulation in wheat grains，improve the protein content in grains at mature stage，and 0.2% zinc aspartate has the best effect. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Types of Surface Mulching on Soil Environment and Growth of Forage Crop in Ningxia Dry Farming Area LI Kai, LUO Shiwu, WANG Zhan, YANG Junxue, WANG Yong, WANG Fei, ZHANG Jiantong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 90-100.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.009 Abstract （300）      PDF （2415KB）（48）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the soil environment and growth characteristics of feed crops under different types of surface mulching，feed corn（C）and feed sorghum（S）were used as materials. Three types of mulching materials，namely permeable plastic film（1），ordinary plastic film（2），and biodegradable plastic film（3），were used for planting. The growth characteristics，biological yield，soil temperature and humidity，nutrients，and enzyme activity of the two crops were measured. The results showed that the plant height and SPAD values of C3 and S3 treatments were lower than those of other treatments.The fresh grass yield of C1 and C2 treatments significantly increased by 23.01% and 26.56% respectively compared to C3 treatment，while the fresh grass yield of S1 and S2 treatments significantly increased by 18.61% and 24.70% respectively compared to S3 treatment. Compared with other treatments，both C3 and S3 treatments generally reduced soil moisture content and temperature. The organic matter and alkaline nitrogen content in C1 and C2 treatments were significantly increased by 14.19%，14.62%，17.64%，and 19.86%，respectively，compared to C3 treatment. The organic matter and alkaline nitrogen content in S1 and S2 treatments were significantly increased by 13.08%，9.63%，38.19%，and 36.32%，respectively，compared to S3 treatment. The activity of soil catalase and sucrase showed the order of C2>C1>C3 and S1>S2>S3，and both C2 and S1 treatments were significantly higher than other treatments. In summary，ordinary plastic film is suitable for planting feed corn in arid areas of Ningxia，while permeable plastic film is suitable for planting feed sorghum. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Preceding Crops on Dry Matter Accumulation and Transportation，Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization and Yield of Winter Wheat WANG Haiyang, JIN Haiyang, SONG Hang, PAN Xiuyan, YAN Yaqian, YANG Xiwen, ZENG Zhaohai, ZANG Huadong, ZHENG Nian, LI Xiangdong, HE Dexian Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (6): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.06.001 Abstract （299）      PDF （1524KB）（168）       Knowledge map    Save Five cropping patterns were established，including winter wheat—summer maize，winter wheat—summer peanut，winter wheat—summer soybean，winter wheat—summer maize intercropping with summer peanut，and winter wheat—summer maize intercropping with summer soybean，and the effects of different preceding crops on dry matter accumulation and transportation，nitrogen uptake and utilization，and yield of winter wheat were studied，so as to identify optimal rotation pattern for enhancing wheat yield and provide theoretical support for diversified cropping pattern selection in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain. The results showed that under the summer soybean stubble，winter wheat exhibited the highest dry matter accumulation and nitrogen absorption at different growth stages overall.At maturity，dry matter accumulation under summer soybean stubble significantly increased by 15.2%，5.0%，13.3% and 8.4% compared with summer maize，summer peanut，summer maize intercropping with summer peanut，and summer maize intercropping with summer soybean stubbles，respectively；Nitrogen absorption increased by 11.3%，2.3%，13.6% and 14.5%，respectively.Compared with summer maize，summer peanut，summer maize intercropping with summer peanut，and summer maize intercropping with summer soybean stubbles，the pre‐anthesis dry matter transport amount under summer soybean stubble significantly increased by 25.4%，18.6%，37.6% and 16.4%，the pre‐anthesis transport rate increased by 7.0%，9.6%，14.3% and 5.6%，while the contribution rate of pre‐anthesis dry matter transport to grain yield increased by 8.5%，12.8%，23.6% and 7.3%，respectively.The pre‐anthesis nitrogen transport rate，contribution rate of pre‐anthesis nitrogen transport to grain nitrogen，and post‐anthesis nitrogen accumulation were higher.The nitrogen absorption efficiency was the highest，with increases of 11.3%，7.1%，15.2% and 15.9%.The nitrogen utilization efficiency was the highest under summer maize intercropping with soybean stubble，followed by summer soybean stubble，with no significant difference between them but both significantly higher than the other treatments.Under summer soybean stubble，wheat spikes number increased by 20.5%，5.9%，20.0% and 16.0%，while yield significantly increased by 16.0%，11.9%，15.9% and 5.8%，respectively，compared with summer maize，summer peanut，summer maize intercropping with summer peanut，and summer maize intercropping with summer soybean stubbles.In conclusion，summer soybean stubble promotes aboveground biomass production and nitrogen absorption of winter wheat，enhances spike number，and increases yield，so the winter wheat—summer soybean pattern was the optimal cropping system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Epitope Analysis of Monoclonal Antibody against African Swine Fever Virus D205R Protein LIN Zhizhao, ZHAO Yanyan, REN Haojie, SHI Saiyan, HAN Shichong, HE Wenrui, WAN Bo, ZHANG Yuhang, ZHANG Gaiping Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 124-130.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.014 Abstract （298）      PDF （3732KB）（153）       Knowledge map    Save African swine fever（ASF）is a lethal infectious disease，and few vaccines or drugs were available to prevent or control ASF to date.In order to provide important materials for the diagnosis of African swine fever virus（ASFV），the ASFV recombinant D205R protein was expressed by E.coli system，a monoclonal antibody（mAb）against D205R protein was prepared，and antigenic epitope of mAb was identified.The results showed that the pET32a⁃D205R expression plasmid was successfully constructed，and the recombinant D205R protein with a size of about 44 ku was purified.Western blot assay showed that the recombinant D205R protein reacted specifically with ASFV⁃positive serum and had good immunogenicity.By hybridoma cell fusion and screening，mAb 19A5 was obtained. Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assays showed that mAb 19A5 specifically recognized eukaryotically expressed recombinant D205R protein，and detected wild⁃type D205R protein.Alanine scanning identified 167⁃SDPPVVWLGGRPGD⁃180 as the antigenic epitope of mAb 19A5，and S167，W173，L174，G175，P178，and D180 were the key amino acids that binded to mAb 19A5.Homologous and structural analysis revealed that the antigenic epitope was highly conserved and located on the surface of the protein，which was a linear epitope.In conclusion，mAb 19A5 was successfully prepared and the antigenic epitope recognized by mAb 19A5 was identified. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics