Effects of Tillage and Straw Returning Methods on Yield and N2O Emission of Winter Wheat

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.003

Abstract

Abstract: In order to seek technical measures for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing yield in winter wheat production，winter wheat in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain was taken as the research object，the effects of different tillage methods［shallow rotating tillage（S）and deep tillage（D）］and straw returning methods［no straw returning（N），direct straw returning（R）and charred straw returning to field（C）］on dry matter accumulation，nitrogen absorption and utilization，yield and N₂O emission of winter wheat were studied.The results showed that deep tillage and straw returning promoted plant growth，increased dry matter accumulation，enhanced nitrogen absorption and utilization，and synergistically increased yield components，thus increasing yield.Compared with SN treatment，the nitrogen use efficiency of SR and SC treatments increased by 16.08%—18.34% and 12.27%—14.03%，and that of DN，DR and DC treatments increased by 19.20%—28.70%，37.60%—40.90% and 24.80%—34.50%，respectively.DR and DC treatments were more beneficial to nitrogen absorption，and improve utilization efficiency.Ear number of DR and DC treatments increased by 7.27%—8.31% and 12.97%—15.03%，grain number per ear increased by 10.34%—9.25% and 6.90%—8.03%，and yield increased by 8.00%—15.15% and 7.00%—9.09%，respectively.Compared with S treatment，D treatment reduced the peak of N₂O emission flux，R treatment increased the peak of N₂O emission flux compared with N treatment，and C treatment reduced the peak of N₂O emission flux compared with N treatment. Compared with SN treatment，N₂O emission accumulation of DR and DC treatments decreased by 1.15%—2.04% and 5.53%—15.14%，respectively.To sum up，deep tillage and straw returning are beneficial to the growth and development of winter wheat，increase yield，save energy and reduce emission，among which DC treatment can be used as the best tillage measure to increase yield and reduce N₂O emission in winter wheat production in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain.

Key words: Winter wheat, Tillage, Straw returning, Biochar, N₂O, Yield

摘要： 为寻求冬小麦生产中减少温室气体排放并提高产量的技术措施，以黄淮海平原冬小麦为研究对象，研究不同耕作方式［浅旋耕（S）和深耕（D）］与秸秆还田方式［秸秆不还田（N）、秸秆直接还田（R）、秸秆炭化还田（C）］对冬小麦干物质积累量、氮素利用、产量及N₂O排放的影响。结果表明，深耕和秸秆还田促进冬小麦植株生长，增加干物质积累量，增强植株对氮素的吸收与利用，协同提高产量构成因素，进而实现增产。与SN 处理相比，SR 和SC 处理氮素利用效率分别提高16.08%~18.34% 和12.27%~14.03%，DN、DR和DC处理分别提高19.20%~28.70%、37.60%~40.90%和24.80%~34.50%，DR和DC处理更有利于氮素吸收，提高利用效率；DR和DC处理穗数分别提高7.27%~8.31%和12.97%~15.03%，穗粒数分别增加10.34%~9.25%和6.90%~8.03%，产量分别增加8.00%~15.15%和7.00%~9.09%。D处理较S处理降低N2O排放通量峰值，R处理较N处理增加N2O排放通量峰值，而C处理较N处理降低N₂O排放通量峰值。与SN处理相比，DR和DC处理N₂O排放积累量分别降低1.15%~2.04%和5.53%~15.14%。综上，深耕和秸秆还田有利于冬小麦生长发育，提高产量，节能减排，其中DC处理可作为黄淮海平原冬小麦生产中提高产量、降低N₂O排放的最优耕作措施。

关键词: 冬小麦, 耕作, 秸秆还田, 生物炭, N₂O, 产量

CLC Number:

S512

ZHAO Lishang 1, YANG Tiancong 2, ZHANG Xiaomei2, SONG Quanhao 1, MA Zhiyao 2, FENG Wei 2, DUAN Jianzhao2. Effects of Tillage and Straw Returning Methods on Yield and N₂O Emission of Winter Wheat[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(4): 27-36.

赵立尚, 杨天聪, 张小美, 宋全昊, 马知遥, 冯伟, 段剑钊. 耕作与秸秆还田方式对冬小麦产量及N₂O排放的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(4): 27-36.

Figures/Tables 6

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Effects of Tillage and Straw Returning Methods on Yield and N₂O Emission of Winter Wheat

耕作与秸秆还田方式对冬小麦产量及N₂O排放的影响

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