Effects of Spraying Prohexadione Calcium on Mechanical Harvesting Agronomic Characters，Yield and Quality of Sesame under Different Densities

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.007

Abstract

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of spraying prohexadione calcium under different planting densities on the agronomic traits，photosynthetic characteristics，quality and yield of sesame，and to integrate the effective cultivation measures for the mechanical harvesting of sesame through factorial experiments，with Shangzhi 196 as the test material，a two⁃factor split⁃plot experimental design was adopted. Different densities were set as the main plots（D1：180 000 plants/ha；D2：210 000 plants/ha；D3：240 000 plants/ha），and different application amounts of prohexadione calcium were set as the sub⁃plots（CK：0 g/ha，spraying clear water；T1：425 g/ha；T2：500 g/ha），with a total of 9 treatments. The results showed that with the increase of planting density，the stem diameter of sesame showed a gradually decreasing trend，with a decrease range of 2.01%—4.56%.The SPAD value of leaves showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing，and the D2 treatment was the highest，which was 0.82% and 6.65% higher than those of D1 and D3 treatments respectively. The leaf area index（LAI）and chlorophyll content had similar performance patterns.The average value of the D2 treatment was 4.72% and 5.17% significantly higher than the average values of D1 and D3 treatments respectively. The net photosynthetic rate（Pn）and stomatal conductance（Gs）were significantly decreased，and the intercellular CO₂ concentration increased significantly.The number of capsules per plant and the thousand⁃grain weight decreased obviously，with the reduction ranges being 1.28%—8.45% and 1.39%—5.92% respectively，but there was no significant effect on the quality of sesame. After spraying prohexadione calcium，with the increase of the application amount，the plant height，the height of the first capsule，and the length of the main stem fruit axis of sesame decreased significantly，with the reduction ranges being 7.89%—10.64%，11.91%—14.01%，and 5.29%—9.01% respectively.The photosynthesis was effectively enhanced. Meanwhile，the number of capsules per plant，the thousand⁃grain weight，and the yield were significantly increased，with the increasing ranges being 5.72%—11.14%，2.57%—6.25%，and 3.34%—6.42% respectively.The content of crude fat decreased to some extent，while the contents of linoleic acid and crude protein were effectively increased，with the increasing ranges being 2.25%—6.08% and 3.80%—8.84% respectively. Among all treatments，D1T2 treatment had the highest Pn and 1 000⁃grain weight，followed by D2T2 treatment，with no significant difference between the two treatments，and D2T2 treatment had the highest SPAD value，LAI，pod number per plant and yield，which significantly increased by 7.01% compared with D2CK. Comprehensive analysis shows that when the planting density is 210 000 plants/ha，spraying prohexadione calcium at a rate of 500 g/ha once at the seedling stage and once at the early flowering stage is relatively ideal for optimizing the plant type of sesame，improving the agronomic traits for mechanical harvesting，and enhancing the yield and quality.

Key words: Sesame, Planting density, Prohexadione calcium, Photosynthetic characteristics, Yield, Qualit, Mechanical harvesting

摘要： 为探究不同种植密度下喷施调环酸钙对芝麻农艺性状、光合特性以及品质与产量的影响，集成芝麻机收的有效栽培措施，以商芝196为试材，采用两因素裂区试验设计，以不同密度为主区（D1：18万株/hm²；D2：21万株/hm²；D3：24万株/hm²），喷施不同量调环酸钙为副区［CK：0 g/hm²（喷施清水）；T1：425 g/hm²；T2：500 g/hm²］，共9个处理。结果表明，随着种植密度增加，芝麻茎粗呈逐渐降低的趋势，降幅为2.01%~4.56%；叶片SPAD 值呈先上升后下降的趋势，以D2 处理最高，较D1、D3 处理分别提高0.82%、6.65%；叶面积指数（LAI）与SPAD值有相似的表现规律，D2处理的平均值较D1、D3处理平均值分别显著提高4.72%、5.17%；净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）显著减少，胞间CO2浓度显著增加；单株蒴数、千粒质量明显降低，降幅分别为1.28%~8.45%、1.39%~5.92%，但对芝麻品质无显著影响。喷施调环酸钙后，随用量的增加，芝麻株高、始蒴高度、主茎果轴长显著降低，降幅分别为7.89%~10.64%、11.91%~14.01%、5.29%~9.01%，光合作用有效增强，同时显著提高了单株蒴数、千粒质量和产量，提升幅度分别为5.72%~11.14%、2.57%~6.25%、3.34%~6.42%；粗脂肪含量下降，亚油酸、粗蛋白含量分别提高2.25%~6.08%、3.80%~8.84%。各处理中以D1T2处理Pn、千粒质量最高，D2T2处理与其差异不显著，且D2T2处理SPAD 值、LAI、单株蒴数和产量最高，较D2CK 显著增产7.01%。综合分析认为，种植密度为21 万株/hm²时，在苗期和初花期各喷施1次500 g/hm²调环酸钙对优化芝麻株型、改善机收农艺性状、提升产量和品质效果较好。

关键词: 芝麻, 种植密度, 调环酸钙, 光合特性, 产量, 品质, 机械收获

CLC Number:

S565.3

LÜ Shuli, DING Fang, TIAN Zhuangbo. Effects of Spraying Prohexadione Calcium on Mechanical Harvesting Agronomic Characters，Yield and Quality of Sesame under Different Densities[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(2): 58-65.

吕树立, 丁芳, 田壮博. 喷施调环酸钙对不同密度芝麻机收农艺性状、产量及品质的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(2): 58-65.

Figures/Tables 5

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