Effects of Different Irrigation and Fertilization Rates on the Growth，Yield and Quality of Fennel

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.007

Abstract

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of different irrigation and fertilization rates on the growth and development，yield composition and quality of fennel，three irrigation quotas（1 800，3 000，4 200 m³/ha），three irrigation times（2，3，4 times）and three fertilization levels（270，450，630 kg/ha）were set.Orthogonal experiment was used to design 9 treatments to determine the growth，production and commodity indexes of fennel. The influences of the three factors on fennel growth，yield and quality were studied by range and variance analysis.The principal component analysis was used to select representative principal components and the membership function method was used to comprehensively evaluate the 9 treatments.The results showed that there were significant differences in the growth characters，yield composition and quality of fennel under different treatments.The influencing order of the three factors was irrigation quota>irrigation times>fertilization amount.There was a certain correlation between different indexes，and the correlation coefficient between the number of flowers and the yield per plant was 0.99. The top three treatments from high to low according to the comprehensive evaluation values were treatment 9（4 200 m³/ha，4 times，450 kg/ha），treatment 3（1 800m³/ha，4 times，630 kg/ha）and treatment 6（3 000 m³/ha，4 times，270 kg/ha）. The yield of treatment 9 was 3 728.25 kg/ha，53.98% significantly higher than that of treatment 1（1 800 m³/ha，2 times，270 kg/ha），and the comprehensive evaluation value reached 0.837.The content of essential oil in treatment 3 was the highest，being 43.70 g/kg；The plant height of treatment 6 was the highest，being 131.53 cm. In conclusion，the optimal irrigation and fertilization mode for fennel in Ningxia is irrigation quota of 4 200 m³/ha，irrigation time of 4 times（once in growth period，twice in flowering period and once in fruit setting period），fertilizer application amount of 450 kg/ha（once in growth period and once in flowering period）.

Key words: Fennel, Irrigation quota, Irrigation frequency, Fertilization amount, Yield, Comprehensive evaluation

摘要： 为探究不同灌溉和施肥量对小茴香生长发育、产量构成及品质的影响，设置3个灌溉定额（1 800、3 000、4 200 m³/hm²）、3个灌溉次数（2、3、4次）、3个施肥水平（270、450、630 kg/hm²），采用正交试验设计9个处理测定小茴香生长、生产和商品指标，通过极差和方差分析研究三因素对小茴香生长、产量及品质的影响，并利用主成分分析法选取有代表性的主成分，结合隶属函数法对9个处理小茴香进行综合评价。结果表明，不同处理小茴香的生长性状、产量构成及品质等存在显著性差异，三因素的影响次序为灌溉定额>灌溉次数>施肥量。不同指标之间存在一定的相关性，花序数与单株产量间的相关系数最大，为0.99。综合评价值由高到低排前三的处理依次为处理9（4 200 m³/hm²、4次、450 kg/hm2）、处理3（1 800 m³/hm²、4次、630 kg/hm²）、处理6（3 000 m³/hm²、4次、270 kg/hm²）。其中，处理9产量为3 728.25kg/hm2，显著高于处理1（1 800 m³/hm²、2次、270 kg/hm²），较处理1增产53.98%，综合评价值达0.837；处理3精油含量最高，为43.70 g/kg；处理6植株最高，株高为131.53 cm。综上，宁夏小茴香的最佳灌溉施肥模式为灌溉定额4 200 m³/hm²，灌溉次数4次（生长期1次，花期2次，坐果期1次），施肥量450 kg/hm²
（生长期1次，花期1次）。

关键词: 小茴香, 灌溉定额, 灌溉次数, 施肥量, 产量, 综合评价

CLC Number:

S573
S274.3

QI Tiancheng, LI Yinghai, LI Yangyang. Effects of Different Irrigation and Fertilization Rates on the Growth，Yield and Quality of Fennel[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(1): 66-75.

祁天成, 李应海, 李洋洋. 不同灌溉和施肥量对小茴香生长、产量及品质的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(1): 66-75.

Figures/Tables 8

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