Effects of One‑off Basal Application of Different Slow Controlled Release Urea on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Sorghum

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.003

Abstract

Abstract: Taking mechanized sorghum variety Jinza 34 as material，under the condition of an equal nitrogen application rate of 150 kg/ha，six treatments were set up，which were no application of nitrogen fertilizer(CK),application of common urea(C1),application of slow release urea(C2),application of sulphur coated urea(C3),application of Junengwang urea(C4),and application of humic acid urea(C5).The effects of the one‑off basal application of different slow controlled release urea on agronomic traits,yield,nitrogen utilization efficiency and soil nitrate nitrogen accumulation were studied to provide a theoretical basis for improving nitrogen use efficiency of the one‑off basal nitrogen application and reducing soil environmental pollution.The results showed that compared with CK,the ear length,grain weight per ear,1 000‑grain weight and grain yield of sorghum of urea application treatments significantly increased by 8.32%—13.71%,21.05%—42.44%,5.24%—10.32%,16.08%—24.74%,and effective ear number increased by 5.09%—18.38%,respectively.The increases of sorghum yield of urea application treatments were largely due to the increases of grain weight per ear by path analysis.Compared to the C1 treatment,C3 and C4 treatments significantly increased grain weight per ear by 17.25% and 6.25%,1 000‑grain weight by 4.34% and 4.83%,grain yield by 7.46% and 5.84%,and aboveground nitrogen accumulation by 17.99% and 10.00%,respectively;increased nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency(NUE)by 88.03% and 48.89%,agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer(NAE)by 53.93% and 42.15%,partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer(NPFP) by 7.47% and 5.84%,and nitrogen uptake efficiency(NUPE)by 18.00% and 10.00%,respectively.The grain weight per ear,nitrogen accumulation in grain,aboveground nitrogen accumulation,NUE and NUPE of C3 treatment significantly increased by 10.35%,7.24%,7.27%,26.88% and 7.27% compared with C4 treatment,respectively.Meanwhile,the nitrate nitrogen accumulation in the 0—60 cm soil layer of C3 treatment significantly decreased by 8.65%—31.30% compared with the other urea application treatments,and the residual nitrate nitrogen was mainly distributed in 0—40 cm soil layer.To sum up,under the conditions of this experiment,one‑off basal application of sulphur coated urea can significantly promote the nitrogen absorption of grains and aboveground part of sorghum,increase nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and yield of sorghum,effectively decrease the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in soil,reduce the risk of nitrate nitrogen washing to the deep soil layer,and is a suitable nitrogen fertilizer application method for promotion.

Key words: Sorghum, Slow controlled release urea, One?off basal application, Yield, Nitrogen utilization

摘要： 以机械化高粱品种晋杂34为试验材料，在相同施纯氮量150 kg/hm²条件下，设置不施氮（CK）、施普通尿素（C1）、施缓释尿素（C2）、施硫包衣尿素（C3）、施聚能网尿素（C4）、施腐植酸尿素（C5）6个处理，研究不同类型缓控释尿素一次性基施对高粱农艺性状、产量、氮素利用效率和土壤硝态氮累积量的影响，为提高高粱一次性基施氮肥的利用率和减少土壤环境污染提供理论依据。结果表明，施尿素处理高粱穗长、穗粒质量、千粒质量、产量分别较CK 显著提高8.32%~13.71%、21.05%~42.44%、5.24%~10.32%、16.08%~24.74%，有效穗数提高5.09%~18.38%。通径分析结果表明，施尿素处理主要通过提高高粱穗粒质量来增加产量。与C1处理相比，C3和C4处理穗粒质量、千粒质量、产量和地上部氮累积量分别显著提高17.25%和6.25%，4.34%和4.83%，7.46%和5.84%，17.99%和10.00%；氮肥利用率（NUE）、氮肥农学效率（NAE）、氮肥偏生产力（NPFP）、氮素吸收效率（NUPE）分别提高88.03%和48.89%，53.93%和42.15%，7.47% 和5.84%，18.00% 和10.00%。C3 处理穗粒质量、籽粒氮累积量、地上部氮累积量、NUE、NUPE分别较C4处理显著提高10.35%、7.24%、7.27%、26.28%、7.27%。同时，C3处理0~60 cm土层土壤硝态氮累积量较其他施尿素处理显著降低8.65%~31.30%，且残留的硝态氮主要分布在0~40 cm土层。综上，在设置试验条件下，采用硫包衣尿素一次性基施能够显著促进高粱籽粒和地上部对氮素的吸收，提高高粱产量和氮肥利用效率，有效降低硝态氮在土壤中的累积，减少硝态氮向深层土层淋洗的风险，是适宜推广的氮肥施用方式。

关键词: 高粱, 缓控释尿素, 一次性基施, 产量, 氮素利用

CLC Number:

S514

LIANG Xiaohong, CAO Xiong, ZHANG Ruidong, HUANG Minjia, LIU Jing, NAN Huailin, WANG Songyu. Effects of One‑off Basal Application of Different Slow Controlled Release Urea on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Sorghum[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 53(9): 28-36.

梁晓红, 曹雄, 张瑞栋, 黄敏佳, 刘静, 南怀林, 王颂宇. 不同类型缓控释尿素一次性基施对高粱产量、氮素利用的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2024, 53(9): 28-36.

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