Effects of Submerged Stress on Inter‐root Soil Nitrogen Transformation of Vetiveria zizanoides and Structural Diversity of Bacterial Communities

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.008

Abstract

Abstract: In order to study the effect of inter‐root bacterial community diversity on soil nitrogen transformation in the vegetation of Danjiangkou Reservoir fallout zone，Vetiveria zizanoides was selected as experimental material，and control（CK），semi‐submerged and fully submerged groups were set up to systematically study the effect of submerged stress on inter‐root nitrogen transformation and bacterial community through soil physicochemical analyses，enzyme activity determination combined with high‐throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and function prediction of PICRUSt2.The results showed that the content of inter‐root soil ammonium nitrogen（NH4+‐N）was significantly elevated under submerged stress，and the content of nitrate nitrogen（NO3-‐N） and nitrite nitrogen（NO2-‐N） were significantly reduced by 66.83%—74.27% and 36.84%—42.11%，respectively，compared with CK.Compared with CK，soil hydroxylamine reductase（HR）activity in the fully submerged group was significantly reduced by 34.48%，and nitrate reductase（NR）and nitrite reductase（NiR）activities were significantly increased.The results of Alpha diversity analysis showed that flooding stress significantly increased the diversity of inter‐root bacterial communities，and the order was fully submerged group>semi‐submerged group >CK.The non‐metric multidimensional scaling analysis and principal component analysis showed that the bacterial community structure showed gradient differences with the increase of submerged depth.Community structure analysis showed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the semi‐submerged and fully submerged groups increased significantly by 45.14% and 87.99%，respectively，while the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria in the fully submerged group decreased significantly by 84.98%.Functional prediction revealed that the abundance of genes for the key enzymes of biological nitrogen fixation pathway（Nitrogenase 1.18.6.1）was significantly increased by 198.43% to 198.97% under submerged stress，but it suppressed the abundance of genes for nitrous oxide reductase（1.7.2.4）.Redundancy analysis indicated that soil NO₃^-‐N and NR activities were the main factors affecting the soil bacterial community. In conclusion，submerged stress affects the nitrogen transformation process in inter‐root soils and alters bacterial community structure，which may lead to ecological risks of N₂O greenhouse gas accumulation.

Key words: Vetiveria zizanoides, Inter‐root bacterial community, Submerged stress, Nitrogen transformation, Functional prediction, Danjiangkou Reservoir fallout zone

摘要： 为研究丹江口水库消落带植被的根际细菌群落多样性对土壤氮转化的影响，选取香根草为试验材料，设置对照（CK）、半淹及全淹组，通过土壤理化分析、酶活性测定结合16S rRNA 高通量测序及PICRUSt2功能预测，系统研究淹水胁迫对根际氮转化及细菌群落的影响。结果表明，淹水胁迫下根际土壤铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）的含量显著升高，硝态氮（NO₃^--N）和亚硝态氮（NO₂^--N）的含量分别较CK显著降低了66.83%~74.27%、36.84%~42.11%。与CK相比，全淹组土壤羟胺还原酶（HR）活性较CK显著降低34.48%，硝酸盐还原酶（NR）和亚硝酸盐还原酶（NiR）活性显著升高。Alpha多样性分析结果显示，淹水胁迫显著提高根际细菌群落多样性且排序为全淹组>半淹组>CK，非度量多维尺度分析与主成分分析结果表明，细菌群落结构随淹水深度增加呈现梯度性差异。群落结构分析结果表明，半淹和全淹组的厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）的相对丰度分别显著提高45.14%、87.99%，全淹组蓝菌门（Cyanobacteria）的相对丰度显著降低84.98%。功能预测结果显示，淹水胁迫下生物固氮途径关键酶（固氮酶1.18.6.1）基因丰度显著提高198.43%~198.97%，但抑制氧化亚氮还原酶（1.7.2.4）基因丰度。冗余分析结果表明，土壤中的NO^-₃-N和NR活性是影响土壤细菌群落的主要因素。综上，淹水胁迫影响根际土壤的氮转化过程，并改变细菌群落结构，可能导致N₂O温室气体累积的生态风险。

关键词: 香根草, 根际细菌群落, 淹水胁迫, 氮转化, 功能预测, 丹江口水库消落带

CLC Number:

S153
S154.3

WEI Jiating, HU Tian, ZHAO Ruibo, LIU Ying, JI Mingfei, ZHANG Jun. Effects of Submerged Stress on Inter‐root Soil Nitrogen Transformation of Vetiveria zizanoides and Structural Diversity of Bacterial Communities[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(4): 80-90.

魏家婷, 胡田, 赵睿博, 刘影, 姬明飞, 张君. 淹水胁迫对香根草根际土壤氮转化及其细菌群落结构多样性的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(4): 80-90.

Figures/Tables 9

References

［1］韩宇平，潘礼德，陈莹，等.丹江口库区消落带淹水期沉积物氮素空间分布及影响因素分析［J］.华北水利水电大学学报（自然科学版），2019，40（6）：75‐80.

HAN Y P，PAN L D，CHEN Y，et al.Analysis on spatial distribution and influencing factors of nitrogen in sediments of water‐fluctuating zone in Danjiangkou Reservoir area［J］.Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power（Natural Science Edition），2019，40（6）：75‐80.

［2］SHU X，ZHANG K R，ZHANG Q F，et al.Response of soil physico‐chemical properties to restoration approaches and submergence in the water level fluctuation zone of the Danjiangkou Reservoir，China［J］.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety，2017，145：119‐125.

［3］ZHANG Q M，GUO X M，ZHAO T Q，et al.Atmospheric organic nitrogen deposition around the Danjiangkou Reservoir：Fluxes，characteristics and evidence of agricultural source［J］.Environmental Pollution，2024，341：122906.

［4］秦钰莉，文力，魏鹏飞，等.丹江口水库库周景观格局动态变化分析［J］.人民黄河，2019，41（4）：69‐73.

QIN Y L，WEN L，WEI P F，et al.Analysis of dynamic change of landscape pattern in the surrounding areas of Danjiangkou Reservoir［J］.Yellow River，2019，41（4）：69‐73.

［5］CHEN Y，MA T，CHEN L，et al. Multimedia nitrogen and phosphorus migration and source control using multivariate analysis and XG boost：The case study in a typical agricultural basin，Danjiangkou Reservoir［J］.Water，2024，16（14）：1936‐1936.

［6］QIN X B，LI Y，GOLDBERG S，et al. Assessment of indirect N2O emission factors from agricultural river networks based on long‐term study at high temporal resolution［J］.Environmental Science & Technology，2019，53（18）：10781‐10791.

［7］CAO Y N，MA C X，CHEN H J，et al.Copper stress in flooded soil：Impact on enzyme activities，microbial community composition and diversity in the rhizosphere of Salix integra［J］.Science of the Total Environment，2020，704：135350.

［8］ZAHRA N，HAFEEZ M B，SHAUKAT K，et al.Hypoxia and anoxia stress：Plant responses and tolerance mechanisms［J］. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science，2021，207（2）：249‐284.

［9］聂功平，陈敏敏，杨柳燕，等.植物响应淹水胁迫的研究进展［J］.中国农学通报，2021，37（18）：57‐64.

NIE G P，CHEN M M，YANG L Y，et al.Plant response to waterlogging stress：Research progress［J］.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin，2021，37（18）：57‐64.

［10］顾诗云，杨飞，张毅敏，等.淹水胁迫对菖蒲生理特性及其根际细菌群落特征的影响［J］.生态与农村环境学报，2020，36（4）：488‐498.

GU S Y，YANG F，ZHANG Y M，et al.Effects of flooding stress on physiological characteristics and rhizosphere bacterial community of Acorus calamus［J］.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment，2020，36 （4）：488‐498. ［11］LIU J Y，ZHEN B，QIU H S，et al.Impact of waterlogging and heat stress on rice rhizosphere microbiome assembly and potential function in carbon and nitrogen transformation［J］.Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science，2023，69（10）：1920‐1932.

［12］王培，王超.丹江口水库消落带植被群落恢复模式研究［J］.人民长江，2018，49（2）：11‐14.

WANG P，WANG C.Study on restoration of vegetation community in water‐level‐fluctuating zone of Danjiangkou Reservoir［J］.Yangtze River，2018，49 （2）：11‐14.

［13］文小平，胡红亮.水库消落带植物措施设计建议［J］.中国水土保持，2016，（5）：55‐57.

WEN X P，HU H L. Suggestions on design of plant measures in reservoir water‐level fluctuation zone［J］.Soil and Water Conservation in China，2016，（5）：55‐57.

［14］刘威，赵园园，陈小龙，等.不同有机肥对豫中和滇西烟区土壤氮素矿化及酶活性的影响［J］.河南农业科学，2023，52（11）：85‐93.

LIU W，ZHAO Y Y，CHEN X L，et al.Effects of different organic fertilizers on soil nitrogen mineralization and enzyme activity in the tobacco growing areas of central Henan and western Yunnan［J］.Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences，2023，52 （11）：85‐93.

［15］吴盼娣，陈粲，任晓明.秸秆还田深度对小麦生育期土壤硝态氮的影响［J］.环境科学与技术，2022，45（12）：103‐108.

WU P D，CHEN C，REN X M.Effects of straw returning depth on soil nitrate nitrogen during wheat growth period［J］.Environmental Science&Technology，2022，45（12）：103‐108.

［16］陈意超，李伏生，李烙布.不同灌溉方式和尿素猪粪比例对稻田氮素转化相关微生物活性的影响［J］.华南农业大学学报，2018，39（1）：31‐39.

CHEN Y C，LI F S，LI L B.Effects of different irrigation methods and ratios of urea pig manure on microbial activity related to nitrogen transformation in paddy soil［J］.Journal of South China Agricultural University，2018，39（1）：31‐39.

［17］贺前锋，桂娟，刘代欢，等.淹水稻田中土壤性质的变化及其对土壤镉活性影响的研究进展［J］.农业环境科学学报，2016，35（12）：2260‐2268.

HE Q F，GUI J，LIU D H，et al.Research progress of soil property’s changes and its impacts on soil cadmium activity in flooded paddy field［J］.Journal of Agro‐Environment Science，2016，35（12）：2260‐2268.

［18］钟松雄，尹光彩，陈志良，等.Eh、pH和铁对水稻土砷释放的影响机制［J］.环境科学，2017，38（6）：2530‐2537.

ZHONG S X，YIN G C，CHEN Z L，et al.Influencing mechanism of Eh，pH and iron on the release of arsenic in paddy soi［l J］. Environmental Science，2017，38（6）：2530‐2537.

［19］王宝茹，王旭，王伟波，等.Cu-NiR与cd1-NiR：两类反硝化亚硝酸还原酶研究进展［J］.植物科学学报，2021，39（3）：324‐334.

WANG B R，WANG X，WANG W B，et al.Cu‐NiR and cd1‐NiR：Advances in two kinds of denitrifying nitrite reductase［J］.Plant Science Journal，2021，39 （3）：324‐334.

［20］张乖乖，简敏菲，熊小英，等.模拟水淹条件下乐安河河岸带优势植物丁香蓼生理生化指标的响应［J］.应用与环境生物学报，2019，25（5）：1084‐1090.

ZHANG G G，JIAN M F，XIONG X Y，et al.Response of physiological and biochemical indices to simulated flooding conditions in Ludwigia prostrata，the dominant plant in the riparian zone of the Le’an River［J］.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology，2019，25（5）：1084‐1090.

［21］梁芳，卜小英，黄秋伟，等.水淹对红花玉蕊幼苗生长及生理特性的影响［J］.西北林学院学报，2019，34（2）：48‐55.

LIANG F，BU X Y，HUANG Q W，et al.Effects of flooding on the growth and physiological characteristics of Barringtonia acutangula［J］.Journal of Northwest Forestry University，2019，34（2）：48‐55.

［22］杜晋城，李欣欣，叶敏，等.不同土壤含水量对油橄榄幼苗生理特性的影响［J］.经济林研究，2021，39（4）：18‐24.

DU J C，LI X X，YE M，et al.Effects of different soil water content on physiological characteristics of young olive trees［J］.Non‐wood Forest Research，2021，39 （4）：18‐24.

［23］LEI H J，JIN C C，XIAO Z Y，et al.Relationship between pepper（Capsicum annuum L.）root morphology，inter‐root soil bacterial community structure and diversity under water‐air intercropping conditions［J］.Planta，2023，257（5）：98‐98.

［24］ZHANG J L，SONG J Y，WEI J Y，et al.Effect of Purpureocillium lilacinum on inter‐root soil microbial community and metabolism of tobacco［J］.Annals of Microbiology，2023，73（1）：1‐10.

［25］李丽娟.三峡消落带四种适生植物根部土壤养分、酶活和细菌群落多样性特征［D］.重庆：西南大学，2020.

LI L J.Characteristics of soil nutrients，enzyme activities and bacterial community diversity of four suitable plants in the water‐level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges［D］.Chongqing：Southwest University，2020.

［26］廖万雪，田泽斌，侯泽英，等.淹水条件与植被类型对洱海湖滨带微生物群落特征及脱氮功能基因丰度的影响［J］.环境工程技术学报，2024，14（4）：1364‐1373.

LIAO W X，TIAN Z B，HOU Z Y，et al.Effects of flooding conditions and vegetation types on the microbial community characteristics and the abundance of denitrification functional genes in the ecotone of Lake Erhai［J］.Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology，2024，14（4）：1364‐1373.
［27］陆梅.纳帕海湿地退化对土壤微生物群落结构及多样性的影响［D］.北京：北京林业大学，2018.
LU M.Effects of wetlands degradation on structure and biodiversity of soil microbial community in Napahai plateau wetlands［D］.Beijing： Beijing Forestry University，2018.
［28］孟慧婕.淹水、有机酸及重金属处理对秋茄根系分泌、根际细菌及根表铁膜的影响［D］.上海：华东师范大学，2022.
MENG H J. Effects of flooding，organic acids and heavy metals on root secretion，rhizosphere bacteria and iron film on root surface of Kandelia candel［D］.Shanghai：East China Normal University，2022.
［29］解维俊.大钦岛不同养殖年限深水网箱沉积物微生物群落结构的时空变化以及两株硫氧化菌的分离、鉴定和特性研究［D］.上海：上海海洋大学，2023.
XIE W J.Spatio‐temporal changes of microbial community structure in deep‐water cage sediments with different aquaculture years in daqin island，and isolation，identification and characteristics of two sulfur‐oxidizing bacteria［D］.Shanghai：Shanghai Ocean University，2023.
［30］LIU B，LI X，CAO W，et al.Bacterial community structure drives soil multifunctionality along a precipitation gradient in the Inner Mongolian shrublands［J］.Applied Soil Ecology，2025，205：105763.