Abstract: To investigate the effect of wheat/tobacco intercropping on soil quality in Xuchang tobacco growing area，soil samples were collected through multi‐point sampling in the field.High throughput sequencing technology was used to study the differences in soil microbial diversity and community composition between flue‐cured tobacco（CK）and wheat tobacco intercropping（I）planting modes.The relationship between soil environmental factors and soil microbial diversity and community composition was further analyzed by combining soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity.The results showed that the wheat tobacco intercropping planting mode significantly increased the Chao1 index of soil bacterial communities and significantly reduced the Simpson index compared to the flue‐cured tobacco planting mode；Significantly increased soil fungal ACE index and Chao1 index.NMDS analysis（Non‐metric multidimensional scaling analysis）showed that there were certain differences in community structure between the two planting modes of tobacco. The wheat tobacco intercropping planting model significantly increased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Myxococcata at the bacterial phylum level compared to the flue‐cured tobacco planting model，while significantly reduced the relative abundance of Firmicutes；At the fungal phylum level，the relative abundance of Mortierellomycota significantly increased，while the relative abundance of Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota significantly decreased.LEfSe analysis results showed that the wheat tobacco intercropping planting mode（11 bacterial groups and 35 fungal groups）increased the number of differential indicator fungal groups and decreased the number of differential indicator bacterial groups compared to the flue‐cured tobacco planting mode（16 bacterial groups and 17 fungal groups）. Compared with the monoculture planting mode of tobacco，the intercropping planting mode of wheat and tobacco significantly increased the soil total potassium，alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content，and sucrase activity，while significantly reduced the soil pH value and available potassium content.The Pearson correlation analysis results indicated that soil total nitrogen，total potassium，alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen，available potassium content，urease and sucrase activity were the main factors affecting soil microbial community diversity.The redundancy analysis results indicated that alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content，available potassium content，and sucrase activity were the main environmental factors affecting the structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities.In summary，adopting the wheat tobacco intercropping planting mode could improve the soil microbial community structure，increase soil nutrient content and enzyme activity，and is beneficial for improving soil fertility.

Key words: Flue‐cured tobacco, Planting pattern, Soil bacteria, Soil fungi, Soil nutrient, Xuchang tobacco growing area

摘要： 为探究小麦/烤烟（麦烟）套作种植模式对许昌烟区植烟土壤质量的影响，通过田间多点取样法采集土壤样品，利用高通量测序技术，研究了烤烟单作种植模式（CK）和麦烟套作种植模式（I）下植烟土壤微生物多样性及群落组成差异，并结合土壤理化性质及酶活性进一步分析了土壤环境因子与土壤微生物多样性及群落组成的关系。结果表明，麦烟套作种植模式较烤烟单作种植模式显著提高了土壤细菌群落的Chao1指数，显著减低了Simpson指数；显著提高了土壤真菌ACE指数和Chao1指数。NMDS分析（非度量多维尺度分析）显示，烤烟2种种植模式群落结构存在一定的差异。麦烟套作种植模式较烤烟单作种植模式在细菌门水平上显著增加了酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）和黏球菌门（Myxococcota）的相对丰度，显著降低了厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）的相对丰度；在真菌门水平上显著增加了被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）的相对丰度，显著降低了子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和壶菌门（Chytridiomycota）的相对丰度。LEfSe分析结果表明，麦烟套作种植模式（11个细菌类群和35个真菌类群）较烤烟单作种植模式（16个细菌类群和17个真菌类群）增加了差异指示真菌类群数量，减少了差异指示细菌类群数量。与烤烟单作种植模式相比，麦烟套作种植模式显著增加了土壤全钾、碱解氮含量和蔗糖酶活性，显著降低了土壤pH值和速效钾含量。Pearson相关性分析结果表明，土壤全氮、全钾、碱解氮、速效钾含量及脲酶和蔗糖酶活性是影响土壤微生物群落多样性的主要因子。冗余分析结果表明，碱解氮、速效钾含量和蔗糖酶活性是影响土壤细菌和真菌群落结构的主要环境因子。综上所述，采用麦烟套作种植模式能够改善土壤微生物群落结构，提高土壤养分含量和酶活性，有利于土壤肥力的提升。

关键词: 烤烟, 种植模式, 土壤细菌, 土壤真菌, 土壤养分, 许昌烟区