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    Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Two Different Nitrogen Efficiency Maize Varieties in Response to Nitrogen Reduction
    LI Chuan, ZHANG Panpan, ZHANG Meiwei, NIU Jun, ZHAO Xia, HE Guanhua, QIAO Jiangfang
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (9): 10-24.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.09.002
    Abstract2012)      PDF (7133KB)(99)       Save
    In order to explore the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in Weike 518(WK518)with high nitrogen efficiency and Nongda108(ND108) with low nitrogen efficiency under nitrogen reduction condition and their functions,the ear⁃leaf samples were collected from WK518 and ND108 at mid filling stage under normal nitrogen fertilizer application rate(225 kg/ha nitrogen,HN)and low nitrogen fertilizer application rate(0 kg/hanitrogen,LN),and used for high⁃throughput RNA sequencing. Then the GO term and KEGG metabolic pathway of DEGs were analyzed from different compared groups,and the differentially expressed transcription factor families were analyzed. The results showed that 2 065 up⁃regulated DEGs and 2 319 down⁃regulated DEGs were detected between WK518 and ND108 under LN condition,2 368 up⁃regulated DEGs and 3 780 down⁃regulated DEGs were detected under HN condition;1 009 up⁃regulated DEGs and 2 268 down⁃regulated DEGs were detected in WK518 under different nitrogen application rates,and 364 up⁃regulated DEGs and 510 down⁃regulated DEGs were detected in ND108 under different nitrogen application rates.Under LN condition,DEGs between WK518 and ND108 were mainly enriched in uroporphyrin⁃Ⅲ C⁃methyltransferase activity,mannose⁃6⁃phosphate isomerase activity,oxidation⁃reduction process,mitochondrion organization,nuclear chromatin and other GO terms,and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism,phenylalaninemetabolism,monoterpenoid biosynthesis,glycine/serine and threonine metabolism,base excision repair and other KEGG pathways. Under HN condition,DEGs between WK518 and ND108 were mainly enriched in stomatal closure,transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity,chloroplast stroma,thylakoid,chloroplast envelope and other GO terms,and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms,amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism,glycolysis/gluconeogenesis,β⁃alanine metabolism,photosynthesis⁃antenna proteins and other KEGG pathways.DEGs in WK518 were mainly enriched in response to chitin,protein phosphorylation,membrane,indole glucosinolate metabolic process,galactinol⁃sucrose galactosyltransferase and other GO terms,and carbon fixation in photosynthetic origination,plant hormone signal transduction,protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum,plant⁃pathogen interaction,MAPK signaling pathway⁃plant and other KEGG pathways under different nitrogen application rates.DEGs in ND108 were mainly enriched in response to water deprivation,toxin catabolic process,chitinase activity,trehalose biosynthetic process,trehalose⁃phosphatase activity and other GO terms,and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,MAPK signaling pathway⁃plant,prodigiosin biosynthesis,zeatin biosynthesis,biotin metabolism and other KEGG pathways under different nitrogen application rates.Fifty⁃eight differentially expressed transcription factor families were detected in WK518 and ND108 under different nitrogen application rates,including GRAS,bHLH,MYB⁃related,NAC,C3H,ERF,C2H2,WRKY,FAR1 transcription factor families and so on,which were very important in plants growth,development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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    Identification and Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factors Differentially Expressed in Maize under Drought⁃Rewatering Treatment
    FU Jiaxu, YAN Yali, XIE Xiaowen, ZHANG Xinyue, WEN Pengfei, GUAN Xiaokang, WANG Tongchao, WEI Li
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 9-19.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.002
    Abstract1392)      PDF (4139KB)(168)       Save
    In order to explore WRKY transcription factors related to drought resistance in maize( Zea mays),differentially expressed WRKY genes were identified under drought⁃rewatering treatment,and their physicochemical characteristics,phylogenetic evolution,chromosome distribution,gene duplication,gene structure,conserved motif,cis⁃elements in promoter region and gene expression level were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 51 differentially expressed ZmWRKY genes were identified,the amino acid number,molecular weight and isoelectric point of 51 ZmWRKY proteins ranged from 99 to 729 aa,11.22 to 78.73 ku,and 4.58 to 12.26,respectively.ZmWRKY genes were divided into three groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,ZmWRKY genes of group Ⅱ were divided into Ⅱa,Ⅱb,Ⅱc,Ⅱd and Ⅱe.ZmWRKY genes were unequally distributed on 10 chromosomes,including 2 pairs of tandem duplication and 16 pairs of segmental duplication.The ZmWRKY genes contained 1—12 exons,most of ZmWRKY proteins(41)contained 2—4 conserved motifs,and WRKY members in the same group had similar motif compositions.Many cis⁃elements related to plant hormone and abiotic stress,such as ABRE,AuxRR⁃core,TCA⁃element,TC⁃rich repeats,TGACG⁃motif,LTR,MBS,TATC⁃box,P⁃box,CGTCA⁃motif,GC⁃motif,TGA⁃element and GARE⁃motif were identified in ZmWRKY gene promotor region.Under drought⁃rewatering treatment,51 ZmWRKY genes exhibited different expression patterns,among them,fifteen genes positively responded to drought stress,including ZmWRKY1,ZmWRKY10,ZmWRKY16, ZmWRKY28, ZmWRKY30, ZmWRKY33, ZmWRKY42, ZmWRKY65, ZmWRKY68, ZmWRKY78, ZmWRKY96,ZmWRKY99,ZmWRKY100,ZmWRKY102 and ZmWRKY111,and one gene negatively responded to drought stress,which were candidate genes for further study of drought response in
    ZmWRKY family.
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    Identification of Differentially Expressed bHLH Genes in Maize under Drought‑Rewatering Treatments
    XIE Xiaowen, ZHANG Xinyue, FU Jiaxu, SHAO Jing, WEN Pengfei, WANG Tongchao, WEI Li
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 33-44.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.004
    Abstract1246)      PDF (5798KB)(84)       Save
    In order to explore bHLH transcription factors related to drought resistance in maize( Zea mays),differentially expressed bHLH genes were identified under drought‑rewatering treatment,and physicochemical characteristics,phylogenetic evolution,chromosome distribution,gene duplication,gene structure,conserved motif,cis‑elements in promoter region and gene expression were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 51 differentially expressed bHLH genes were identified in maize under drought‑rewatering treatment,the amino acid number,molecular weight and isoelectric point of 51 bHLH proteins ranged from 80 to 705 aa,21.26 to 92.17 ku,and 4.54 to 12.41,respectively.bHLH genes were divided into 16 subgroups,Ⅺ subgroup was the largest,containing 9 bHLH proteins;Ⅵ,Ⅷ,Ⅸ and ⅩⅢ subgroups were the smallest,containing 1 bHLH protein each. bHLH genes were distributed unevenly on 10 chromosomes,among which 7 pairs of genes had replication relationships.The number of exons varied greatly,9 bHLH genes contained 1 exon,27 bHLH genes contained 2—5 exons,and 15 bHLH genes contained 6 or more exons;Motif 1 and Motif 2 appeared more frequently in the conserved motifs of bHLH protein,followed by Motif 3 and Motif 5,with Motif 6 and Motif 9 appeared least frequently.The promoter region of bHLH genes contained many cis‑acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stress,such as ABRE,GARE‑motif,P‑box,AuxRR‑core,MBS,TGACG‑motif,CGTCA‑motif,TCA‑rich,TGA‑element and TCA‑element. Under drought‑rewatering treatment,51 bHLH genes exhibited different expression patterns,among them,14 genes such as ZmbHLH20,ZmbHLH25,ZmbHLH9,ZmbHLH137and ZmbHLH178 positively responded to drought stress,and 14 genes such as ZmbHLH58,ZmbHLH87, ZmbHLH36 and ZmbHLH106 negatively responded to drought stress,which were candidate genes for further study of drought response in maize bHLH family.

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    Transcriptome Analysis of Wheat Roots in Response to Heavy Metal Pb Stress
    WANG Yiren, NIE Mengjie, WANG Yuquan, HU Xigui, DING Weihua, HU Tiezhu
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2020, 49 (6): 8-15.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.06.002
    Abstract1228)      PDF (1836KB)(292)       Save
    In order to explore the molecular mechanism of wheat in response to heavy metal Pb stress,the wheat cultivar AK58 was treated with different concentrations [0 (CK),40,80,160 mg/L] of Pb by hydroponic method, the root transcriptome was sequenced, then the differentially expressed genes were screened and analyzed, and GO classification and KEGG enrichment analysis were done.The results showed that under different concentrations of Pb,the root length and number of wheat were inhibited,and the inhibition effect was stronger with the increase of Pb concentration.A total of 38 904 differentially expressed genes were obtained between Pb stress treatment and CK.Among them,there were 6 072,16 581 and 16 251 differentially expressed genes under 40,80 and 160 mg/L Pb stresses,respectively.The differentially expressed genes of treatment with 80 mg/L Pb were selected as the research focus for GO classification and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. GO classification showed that up-regulated differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in immune system processes,exercise processes,metabolic processes,rhythmic processes,catalytic activity and electron carrier activity;the down-regulated differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in development,growth,localization,replication,reproduction processes,transport activity and antioxidant enzyme activity.KEGG enrichment analysis found that up-regulated differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in plant hormone signal transduction pathway,plantpathogen interaction pathway,drug metabolism pathway and MAPK signaling pathway;the down-regulated differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathway,phenylpropane biosynthesis pathway,antibiotic biosynthesis pathway,carbon metabolism and sucrose metabolism.Six differentially expressed genes responding to Pb stress were selected for RT-PCR verification.The results showed that the expression patterns of the six differentially expressed genes were consistent with the results of RNA-Seq analysis,which further verified the accuracy of the RNA-Seq results.

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    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2019, 48 (7): 1-5.  
    Abstract1222)      PDF (599KB)(476)       Save
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    Comparison and Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality of 20 Potato Varieties
    ZHANG Fan, LI Yuan, CHEN Mengru, XING Yingying, WANG Xiukang
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 28-36.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.004
    Abstract1199)      PDF (1368KB)(210)       Save
    The tuber yield per plant,starch content,reducing sugar content,soluble sugar content,vitamin C content and protein content of 20 potato varieties were analyzed,and the comprehensive evaluation of quality was done by principal component analysis,membership function method and cluster analysis,so as to screen out potato varieties with good quality and suitable for different processing purposes and cultivation in Yulin City. The results showed that there were great differences in quality indexes among different potato varieties.The variation coefficients of tuber yield per plant,starch content,reducing sugar content,soluble sugar content,vitamin C content and protein content were 46.76%,50.07%,50.66%,64.79%,33.72% and 68.10% respectively.The tuber yield per plant and starch content of Longshu 11 were the highest,the reducing sugar content of LZ112 was the highest,the soluble sugar content of Longshu 9 was the highest,the vitamin C content and protein content of Laohongpi were the highest.The results of principal component analysis showed that the quality indexes of 20 potato varieties could be expressed by four principal components(the cumulative variance contribution rate was 90.448%),and the representative indexes of each component were protein content,starch content,soluble sugar content and reducing sugar content respectively. Then,comprehensive evaluation was carried out by membership function method and cluster analysis.The results showed that seven varieties with better quality were screened out,accounted for 35.0% of the tested varieties,one variety(Dingshu 3)could be used for both vegetable and starch processing,one variety(Ganyinshu 1)could be used for whole flour processing and fried food processing,one variety(Longshu 11)could be used for starch processing after large⁃scale cultivation,two varieties(L08104⁃12 and Feurita)could be processed as whole flour,and two varieties(Jizhangshu 12 and Longshu 9)could be used for fried food processing.

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    Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of Mechanisms Responding to High Temperature Stress during Anthesis Stage in Zhengdan 309
    LI Chuan, HUANG Lu, QIAO Jiangfang, ZHANG Meiwei, ZHANG Panpan, NIU Jun, LIU Jingbao, WANG Shufeng
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2021, 50 (2): 19-31.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.02.003
    Abstract1191)      PDF (2063KB)(238)       Save
    The ear-leaf samples collected from Zhengdan 309 under normal condition(CK) and high temperature stress for 7 d and 14 d were used for RNA-sequencing using Illumina HiSeqTM2500 high-throughput sequencing technology and metabolome profiling analysis using liquid-chromatographymass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolites were explored to clarify the mechanism of maize responding to high temperature stress at the anthesis stage.The transcriptome sequencing results showed that 515 DEGs were detected in Zhengdan 309 under high temperature stress for 7 d compared with the control under normal growth condition, of which 75 genes were up-regulated,and 440 genes were down-regulated.There were 506 DEGs detected in Zhengdan 309 under high temperature stress for 14 d compared with the control under normal growth condition,including 114 up-regulated genes and 392 down-regulated genes. There were 2 050 DEGs detected in Zhengdan 309 under high temperature stress for 7 d compared with that under high temperature stress for 14 d, of which 790 genes were up-regulated,and 1 260 genes were down-regulated. The DEGs in Zhengdan 309 under high temperature stress for 7 d compared with that under the normal condition were concentrated in extracelluar region, molecular function regulator and other GO classification.The DEGs in Zhengdan 309 under high temperature stress for 14 d compared with that under the normal condition were mainly enriched in rhythmic process, extracelluar region and other GO classification.The DEGs in Zhengdan 309 under high temperature stress for 7 d compared with that under high temperature stress for 14 d were mainly enriched in cell part, single-organism process and other GO classification.The DEGs in Zhengdan 309 under high temperature stress for 7 d compared with that under the normal condition,Zhengdan 309 under high temperature stress for 14 d compared with that under the normal condition and Zhengdan 309 under high temperature stress for 7 d compared with that under high temperature stress for 14 d were mainly distributed in 5, 7 and 15 major KOG/COG classifications, respectively, and were mainly annotated into 6,7,20 KEGG metabolic pathways. There were 654 metabolites detected in Zhengdan 309,40 differentially expressed metabolites(DEMs) were detected in Zhengdan 309 under high temperature stress for 7 d compared with that under the normal condition, of which 8 metablites were up-regulated,and 32 metablites were down-regulated.There were also 40 DEMs detected in Zhengdan 309 under high temperature stress for 14 d compared with that under the normal condition, including 4 up-regulated metablites and 36 down-regulated metablites.There were 46 DEMs detected in Zhengdan 309 under high temperature stress for 7 d compared with that under high temperature stress for 14 d, of which 17 metablites were up-regulated,and 29 metablites were down-regulated.The 40 DEMs in Zhengdan 309 under high temperature stress for 7 d compared with that under the normal condition were concentrated in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, arginine and proline metabolism and other KEGG pathways.The 40 DEMs in Zhengdan 309 under high temperature stress for 14 d compared with that under the normal condition were concentrated in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, steroid biosynthesis and other KEGG pathways.The 46 DEMs in Zhengdan 309 under high temperature stress for 7 d compared with that under high temperature stress for 14 d were mainly enriched in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism and other KEGG pathways.
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    Effects of Reduced Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Yield and Nutrient Utilization of Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation of Water⁃Fertilizer Integration
    ZHANG Lei, LI Huaisheng, LIU Jinxia, WANG Heya, LIANG Fei, WANG Guodong, LI Jinke, YANG Jie
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2021, 50 (7): 15-22.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.07.003
    Abstract1174)      PDF (7200KB)(313)       Save
    No fertilization treatment(T1),supervised fertilization treatment(T2),supervised fertilization without nitrogen fertilizer treatment(T3⁃N),supervised fertilization without phosphorus fertilizer treatment(T4⁃P) and farmers’routine fertilization treatment(T5) were set up to study the effects of reduced application of nitrogen and phosphorus on yield and nutrient utilization of spring wheat under drip irrigation of water⁃fertilizer integration,so as to provide scientific basis for reduced application of fertilizer for spring wheat under drip irrigation of water⁃fertilizer integration. The results showed that reasonablewater and fertilizer operation could increase dry matter accumulation of spring wheat under drip irrigation. The dry weight of spring wheat of T3⁃N and T4⁃P treatments was similar and high,followed by T2 treatment.The nitrogen and phosphorus contents of grain,glume,stem and leaf of T2,T3⁃N and T4⁃P treatments were higher than those of T5 and T1 treatments. The yield of spring wheat of T2 treatment significantly increased by 20.07% and 33.44% compared with T5 and T1 treatments respectively.Compared with T5 treatment,the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer of T2 treatment decreased by 25%,and the application rate of phosphate fertilizer of T2 treatment decreased by 112%,while the yield of spring wheat of T2 treatment did not reduce,even increased. Compared with the farmers’routine fertilization treatment,the fertilization treatments,(T2,T3⁃N,T4⁃P)with water and fertilizer integration could improve the agronomic efficiencies,partial productivities and utilization efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. In general,fertilization treatments with water and fertilizer integration can improve spring wheat yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency,reduce the amount of fertilizer application,and achieve the purpose of reduction of fertilizer without reduction of yield.

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    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2019, 48 (8): 1-6.  
    Abstract1169)      PDF (843KB)(806)       Save
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    Screening and Evaluation of Maize Varieties with High Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Huang‑Huai‑Hai Region
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2021, 50 (10): 10-17.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.10.002
    Abstract1146)      PDF (2457KB)(271)       Save
    Forty‑one summer maize varieties,which are composed of the main varieties and the varieties that will be spread in the future in maize production in Huang‑Huai‑Hai region,were selected as experimental materials.Two nitrogen(N)rates of 225 kg/ha(normal N rate)and 180 kg/ha(reducing 20% of normal N rate)were set up.The grain yields and N efficiencies of different maize varieties were analyzed under different N rates,maize varieties were divided into different types according to yield and N efficiencies,and maize varieties with high yield and N use efficiency were selected,so as to lay the foundation for reducing N fertilizer and increasing N use efficiency and protecting environment during maize production.The results indicated that Jingke 999(JK999)got the highest yield under the two N rates,and Zhongyu 303(ZY303)had higher yield. Shengyuan 96(SY96)got the lowest yield of 8.74 t/ha under normal N rate,while Longdan 639(LD639)got the lowest yield of 7.68 t/ha under reducing 20% of normal N rate.Cluster analysis showed that JK999 and ZY303 were the high‑yield varieties. The variation trend of N efficiency was consistent with yield of maize varieties under different N rates. The nitrogen efficiency classification result showed that,17 varieties including JK999 and ZY303 were high N efficiency type under both low and high N rates,5 varieties including Denghai 717(DH1717)and Youdi 919(YD919)were high N efficiency type under high N rate,5 varieties including Zhengdan 958(ZD958) and Jingnongke 728(JNK728)were high N efficiency type under low N rate. By considering the nitrogen efficiency and yield,JK999 and ZY303 could be used in large area as high‑yield and ‑N use efficiency varieties.
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    Impact of Red-Edge Waveband of GF6 Satellite on Classification Accuracy of Spring Crops
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2020, 49 (6): 165-173.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.06.022
    Abstract1056)      PDF (3509KB)(287)       Save
    The objective of this study is to explore the application of the red edge bands of GF6 WFV image in the identification of spring crops. Based on analysis of the spectral characteristics of single image,the identification and acreage extraction of major spring crops can be effectively achieved by random forest algorithm,taking Qixian,Henan Province as a study area,and employing basic image with 8 bands,which was collected in March 25th,2019.Combined with the ground samples and sample points data,the overall classification accuracy of four schemes, J-M distance and spectral reflectance among different training samples were calculated and analyzed.The result showed that,compared with the scheme without red-edge,the overall identification accuracy of 3 types of ground objects(winter wheat,garlic and others) with one or more red-edge was enhanced,and the separability was improved by calculating the JM distance of different features. Compared with the scheme with red-edge band 1,the overall classification accuracy of red-edge band 2 was improved by 1.98 percentage points.The overall identification accuracy of 3 types of ground objects with all red-edge bands was 86.19%,the Kappa coefficient was 0.79,while the overall identification accuracy of 3 types of ground objects without red-edge was 81.56%,and the Kappa coefficient was 0.72.By introducing all red-edge bands,the overall identification accuracy of 3 ground objects was improved by 4.63 percentage points,the separabilities of winter wheat-garlic,winter wheat-other crops and garlic-other crops were increased by 0.085 6,0.076 1 and 0.025 1 based on J-M distance,respectively.Therefore,by introducing red-edge band,the rate of wrong classification and miss classification,and “Pepper salt” effect were reduced. It could improve the overall identification accuracy of crop planting area.The result of this paper will provide a reference for the application of domesticallyproduced red-edge satellite data in agriculture.

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    Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Materials on the Growth of Guizhou Alpine Cabbage
    WEI Quanquan, GOU Jiulan, ZHANG Meng, LIU Lingling, GU Xiaofeng, CHEN Long
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (6): 76-84.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.008
    Abstract1050)      PDF (1417KB)(59)       Save
    A field experiment was conducted in Weining County,Bijie City,Guizhou Province in 2021,to explore the application effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and combined application of different organic materials on Guizhou alpine cold vegetable cabbage. Three nitrogen(N)fertilizer gradients(100%N,85%N and 70%N)were applied with organic materials[biochar(B)and commercial organic fertilizer (O),6 000 kg/ha]to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and organic materials application on the yield,nutrient absorption,fertilizer utilization,quality and economic benefit of cabbage.The results showed that when nitrogen fertilizer was not reduced,compared with the single application of nitrogen fertilizer(100%N),the combined application of biochar(100%NB)and commercial organic fertilizer(100%NO)could increase the yield of cabbage by 5 544 and 6 433 kg/ha,with an increase of 7.16% and 8.31% respectively,and the net income increased by 5 299 and 6 476 Yuan/ha,with an increase of 6.47% and 7.91% respectively.The accumulation,agronomic efficiency and recovery efficiency of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P2O5)and potassium(K2O)were higher than those of 100%N.After applying organic materials,the nitrate content of cabbage decreased significantly,and the contents of soluble sugar,vitamin C,free amino acids and protein increased. When the nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 15%,the yield,output value,net income,nutrient accumulation,quality,agronomic efficiency and recovery efficiency of N,P 2O 5 and K2O treated with biochar(85%NB)and commercial organic fertilizer(85%NO)were equivalent to those treated with 100%N(the difference was not significant),which could stabilize and increase yield,and the effect of commercial organic fertilizer was better than biochar.When nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 30%,even if biochar(70%NB) and commercial organic fertilizer(70%NO)were applied,the yield,output value,net income,nutrient accumulation,quality,fertilizer utilization rate of cabbage decreased compared with 100%N treatment.In summary,in the high altitude cold vegetable area of Guizhou,the application of biochar or commercial organic fertilizer can replace 15% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer,and the substitution effect of commercial organic fertilizer is better than biochar.It is suggested that the input of nitrogen fertilizer in this area is 191.25 kg/ha,and 6 000 kg/ha organic materials should be applied at the same time,and commercial organic fertilizer is more appropriate.

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    Identification and Antibacterial Properties of an Antagonistic Bacterium Bacillus safensis against Walnut Fungal Disease
    ZHANG Zhixiao, HU Lianrong, LIU Ling, JI Mei
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2020, 49 (12): 97-104.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.12.014
    Abstract1045)      PDF (6820KB)(312)       Save
    To seek out the bacteria which had antifungal ability for walnut fungal disease, plate face-off test and co-culture test were carried out for antifungal characteristics of strain 7-3 in the lab.The morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics test,and 16S rRNA 16S rRNA phylogeny analysis of strain 7-3 were studied.The results showed that strain 7-3 was Bacillus safensis 7-3,it had a certain inhibitory effect on a variety of walnut pathogens, with a broad antibacterial spectrum and strong antibacterial ability.The highest antagonistic activity was showed on the Diaporthe nobilis,inhibition rate was 82.9%.Meantime,the spore malformation of Pestalotiopsis disseminata was found when it was adhered with cell of strain 7-3,the same result was found when it was deal with high temperature sterilized fermentation broth or fermentation broth filter of strain 7-3.The results suggested that B.safensis 7-3 had excellent,stable and wide antifungal ability,its potential application was presented as a biological control agent for walnut fungal diseases management.
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    Identification of Crop Leaf Diseases Based on Improved MobileNetV2 Model
    WANG Huanxin, SHEN Zhihao, LIU Quan, LIU Jinjiang
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 143-151.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.017
    Abstract1042)      PDF (2715KB)(162)       Save
    In order to achieve convenient recognition of crop leaf disease images based on mobile,improve the efficiency of crop disease recognition and thus better guide crop disease control,a crop disease recognition model was established based on an improved lightweight convolutional neural network MobileNetV2.First,a crop dataset containing 15 types of diseased leaves and 4 types of healthy leaves was created and the data was balanced using data enhancement operations.Second,based on the improvement of MobileNetV2,efficient channel attention(ECA)and attentional feature fusion(AFF)were introduced,and the redundant layers were removed by model pruning,and a high⁃performance lightweight crop disease recognition model was proposed.The results showed that the number of parameters of the improved MobileNetV2 model was reduced by 15.37% compared with that of MobileNetV2,while the recognition accuracy was improved by 0.9 percentage points to 98.4% compared with that before the improvement.Compared with the classical convolutional neural network models such as EfficientNet⁃b0 and ShuffleNetV2⁃0. 5X,the improved model not only had the highest recognition accuracy,but also had a faster convergence rate during training.
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    Cabbage Yield and Nutrient Utilization under Substitution of Organic Manure for Fertilizer in Vegetable‑Rice Rotation in Lateritic Red Soil
    ZHANG Licheng, LI Juan, ZHANG Mingqing, GU Zuchao
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 87-95.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.010
    Abstract1011)      PDF (1265KB)(69)       Save
    In order to improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization,the cabbage breed Zhonggan 8 was taken as the test material,and field experiments were carried out in the vegetable‑rice rotation area in southern Fujian with five fertilization treatments(customary fertilization,recommended fertilization,organic manure substitution of 25% fertilizer,organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer,organic manure substitution of 100% fertilizer) and no fertilization treatment(control,CK).The effects of different treatments on yield and nutrient utilization of cabbage were studied.The results showed that substitution of organic manure for fertilizer could promote the growth of cabbage ball.The weight and compactness of cabbage ball in organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments. Through the analysis of cabbage yield under different fertilization treatments,the highest yield was 3 824.13 kg/ha in the treatment of organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer,which was significantly higher than that in the treatment of organic manure substitution of 25% fertilizer,organic manure substitution of 100% fertilizer,customary fertilization and no fertilization,but compared with the recommended fertilization treatment there was no significant difference.The treatment of organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer and the treatment of organic manure substitution of 25% fertilizer had higher nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rates,which were 40.82% and 30.82% respectively.Compared with the customary fertilization,the treatment of organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer increased the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of cabbage by 13.14 percentage point.By comprehensive analysis of cabbage yield and nutrient utilization efficiency,organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer is recommended as the application amount in cabbage production of vegetable and rice rotation in the lateritic red soil of southern Fujian Province.

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    Apple Leaf Diseases Identification Based on Improved Residual Network
    CHEN Cong, YU Xiao, GONG Qi
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 152-161.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.018
    Abstract972)      PDF (5367KB)(181)       Save
    Apple leaf diseases are similar in morphology and different in spot size,and traditional methods relying on labor and agricultural experts to identify them are inefficient. In view of this,this study proposed an apple disease identification model REP⁃ResNet based on improved residual network.This model was improved by adopting the order adjustment of residual structure(that was bath normalization,activation function,convolutional layer),and adding the efficient channel attention and parallel convolution based on the baseline model ResNet⁃50.During the training process,the model weight parameters pretrained in the public dataset PlantVillage were transferred to the above network model for retraining,which aimed to accelerate the convergence speed of the network and improve the recognition ability of the model.Data expansion was used to solve the problem of uneven samples during training.The results showed that the recognition accuracy of the REP⁃ResNet model was 2.41 percentage points higher than that of the benchmark network model.The model was trained by transfer learning,and the accuracy rate of apple leaf disease recognition in complex backgrounds reached 97. 69%. Compared with traditional convolutional neural networks,the recognition effect was greatly improved.
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    FPAR Estimation of Cotton Breeding Material Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)Multispectral Images
    TANG Zhongjie, WANG Laigang, GUO Yan, ZHANG Yan, ZHANG Hongli, YANG Xiuzhong, HE Jia
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2021, 50 (11): 162-171.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.11.019
    Abstract970)      PDF (3784KB)(75)       Save
    Rapid,nondestructive and high‑throughput acquisition of photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)information of cotton breeding materials is of great significance to the breeding and cultivation management of cotton varieties with high light efficiency.In this study,a multispectral image acquisition system was built based on the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) carring the Micasense RedEdge‑M multispectral imager to obtain the multispectral images from the canopy of cotton breeding materials and extract the reflectivity characteristic parameters.Firstly,based on the multispectral image of cotton breeding material,five channel reflectivity values were extracted from each FPAR(fraction of photosynthetically active radiation)measurement point,including blue,green,red,red edge and near infrared,to construct multispectral variables.Secondly,the quantitative relationship between different multispectral variables and FPAR was analyzed,and the unitary linear regression models and multiple linear regression models of FPAR were established. Finally,the accuracy of the estimation model was verified based on the measured FPAR.The results showed that the multispectral remote sensing images of cotton breeding materials could quickly and intuitively characterize the phenotypic traits such as leaf color and growth status of plant canopy.There was a good correlation between the multispectral variables of transformed soil adjusted vegetation index(TSAVI),soil adjusted vegetation index(SAVI),perpendicular vegetation index(PVI),ratio vegetation index(RVI),difference vegetation index(DVI),enhanced vegetation index(EVI),normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),atmospherically resistant vegetation index(ARVI)and the FPAR,and the range of | r| was 0.542—0.932. There was a good estimation effect of the unitary linear regression models of the FPAR based on TSAVI,and the  R 2 and the SE of the estimated model were 0.867 and 0.115,respectively,and the R 2RPD and RMSE of the verified model were 0.932,2.468 and 0.119,respectively.



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    Nitrogen Efficiency and Physiological Characters of Different Maize Genotypes under Nitrogen Fertilization Reduction
    ZHANG Panpan, ZHANG Guitang, HUANG Lu, QIAO Jiangfang, LI Chuan, ZHANG Meiwei, ZHAO Xia, LIU Jingbao
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2021, 50 (5): 13-23.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.05.003
    Abstract963)      PDF (5391KB)(206)       Save
    The split plot design was employed with main plot of normal N application rate(225 kg/ha,N3),reducing 20% of N application rate(180 kg/ ha,N2),reducing 30% of N application rate(157.5 kg/ ha,N1) and no N application(N0),sub-plot of 5 hybrid cultivars[Zeyu 8911(ZY8911),Weike 518(WK518), Zhengdan 958 ( ZD958), Nongda 108 (ND108) and Xianyu 508 (XY508)]in this experiment,and the changes of grain yield,N efficiency,chlorophyll fluorescence and activities of key enzymes related with N metabolism in different genotypes of maize were studied,so as to provide scientific basis for improving N efficiency and realizing high-yield and high-efficiency maize cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai region.The results showed that the grain yield was 12.12 t/ha under the normal application rate of N.With the N application rate reduction,grain yield significantly decreased,which was 9.20 t/ha under N0 treatment.The grain yields of ZD958 and WK518 were significantly higher than those of XY508 and ND108, there was no significant difference between ZY8911 and the other genotypes.N uptake efficiency,N utilization efficiency and N efficiency significantly increased under N application reduction.Three indexes of WK518,ZD958 and ZY8911 were overall higher than those of ND108 and XY508 except that N uptake efficiency of ZY8911 was lower than that of ND108.The SPAD value in the ear leaf decreased under N application reduction,which of WK518,ZD958 and ZY8911 were overall higher than those of ND108 and XY508. Fo,Fm,Fv/ Fm and PSⅡ comprehensive performance index(PI) decreased under N application reduction, which was the highest in ND108. Nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities in the ear leaf first increased and then decreased with N application reduction,which were the highest at 20 days after silking. The enzyme activities of WK518,ZD958 and ZY8911 were overall higher than those of ND108 and XY508,and the order of NR and GS activities was N2>N3>N1>N0.In conclusion,ZD958,WK518 and ZY8911 had higher SPAD value and activities of enzymes related to N metabolism,better fluorescence characters,compared with ND108 and XY508,could maintain matter accumulation and capacity of N assimilation,and hold the higher N utilization efficiency in the process of N metabolism,thereby reaching higher yield under the low N condition.However,in order to ensure the
    yield,the reduction of N application rate should not be too large, and it is advisable to reduce the application rate by 20%.
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    Screening and Identification of Antagonistic Endophytic Bacteria against Asparagus Stem Blight
    SU Zhuowen, LU Caige, CAI Shulin, ZHANG Taotao, DONG Dan, ZHAO Juan, ZHANG Dianpeng
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (10): 106-113.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.10.012
    Abstract943)      PDF (3081KB)(99)       Save
    To obtain endophytic antagonists efficiently inhibiting asparagus stem blight (Phomopsis asparagi),52 strains of endophytic bacteria were isolated from the roots of wild asparagus collected in Miyun District of Beijing and were tested for their bio‑control activity against Phomopsis asparagi using the dual culture method and greenhouse experiments. The results showed that three strains of endophytic bacteria with good inhibitory effects were obtained,and the inhibition rates were 63.70%—85.00%.Among them the strain YS‑G10 displayed the highest antagonistic activity and the inhibition rate against Phomopsis asparagi was up to 85.00%.The strain YS‑G10 could also effectively inhibit asparagus stem blight in the greenhouse experiment and the control effect was 73.44%.Biocontrol‑related character assays showed that the strain was capable of producing protease and cellulase,suggesting that the strain YS‑G10 may control asparagus stem blight by secreting hydrolysis enzymes such as protease and cellulase to destory the cell wall of pathogenic fungi or inhibit the production of pathogenic toxins.By using morphological,physiological,biochemical tests and phylogenetic tree analysis based on 16S rDNA and gyrB sequences,the strain YS‑G10 was identified as Bacillus velezensis.
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    Effect of Chemical Fertilizer Substitution by Organic Fertilizer and Water Saving Irrigation on Runoff Loss of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Vegetable Field
    LÜ Hongwei, LUO Xiaosheng, KOU Changlin, WANG Hongke, CHEN Songqin, LÜ Jing
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2021, 50 (3): 74-80.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.03.010
    Abstract941)      PDF (1162KB)(179)       Save
    In order to clarify the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss in vegetable fields in Xinye County, Henan Province,the effects of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer and watersaving irrigation on nitrogen and phosphorus runoff in open vegetable field (two seasons in one year,cabbage-eggplant rotation)were studied by field location experiment from 2016 to 2018. Three treatments were set up,namely conventional fertilization (for short,conventional),organic fertilizer replacing 27.5%chemical fertilizer (organic fertilizer replacing),organic fertilizer replacing 27. 5% chemical fertilizer+30% water-saving irrigation (organic fertilizer replacing +water-saving irrigation).The results showed that there were 10 runoff occurences in total (1 in 2016, 6 in 2017 and 3 in 2018),and the annual runoff production was 586.3—3497.3 m 3/ha during the 3 years experiment. During the 3-year experiment,the average contents of nitrate nitrogen in runoff water were 9.55,8.14,7.33 mg/L for conventional,organic fertilizer replacing,and organic fertilizer replacing +water-saving irrigation treatments, respectively.The contents of soluble total phosphorus were 0.96,0.85,0.65 mg/L,respectively.The average runoff losses of nitrate nitrogen were 4.87,4.07,3.58 kg/ha,respectively.The runoff loss of soluble total phosphorus were 0.49,0.43,0.32 kg/ha.Compared with the conventional treatment, organic fertilizer replacing treatment reduced nitrate nitorgen and soluble total phosphorus runoff by 16.43% and 12.24% on average in 3 years.The organic fertilizer replacing treatment and water-saving irrigation treatment reduced the runoff of nitrate nitrogen and soluble total phosphorus by 26.48% and 34.69% on average in 3 years.There was no significant difference in vegetable yield among different treatments.The results indicated that organic fertilizers instead of partial chemical fertilizers and proper water-saving irrigation could reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss in vegetable fields on the basis of maintaining vegetable yield in the open vegetable fields in southwest Henan Province.

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    Research on Identification Accurate Rate of Soybean Leaf Diseases Based on UAV Image Processing
    TAN Qinhong
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2021, 50 (3): 174-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.03.023
    Abstract932)      PDF (2997KB)(228)       Save
    In order to balance the contradiction between unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) recognition coverage and recognition accuracy, and realize the identification accurate rate of large-area soybean diseases,SLIC super-pixel method was used to process soybean leaf images acquired by UAV at 1 m、2 m、4 m、8 m、16 m.After extracting the color,gradient,texture and shape characteristics of leaves,sequential minimal optimization,J48 decision tree,k-nearest neighbors and random forest algorithm were used based on the feature vectors of these attributes to identify soybean leaf diseases,and the accuracy of different algorithms for disease identification was obtained.The influence of input parameters on disease identification was analyzed by comparing the accuracy of disease recognition with feature fusion and single feature.The results showed that the accurate rates of the four algorithms were more than 90% when the UAV image shooting height was 1 m and 2 m,and the SMO algorithm and random forest algorithm had higher identification accurate rate.The identification accurate rate of soybean disease with fusion feature vector as input parameter was higher than that of single feature vector. Color was the attribute that could best reflect the actual situation of leaf disease.The optimal shooting height of UAV was 1—2 m.
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    Screening of Antagonistic Fungi against Soil-borne Diseases of Siraitia grosvenorii and the Antifungal Activity of Their Fermentation Products#br#
    ZHANG Ze, DENG Yecheng, CHEN Gan, WANG Ruihao, ZHANG Yanling, DENG Zhiyong, LAN Fusheng, GUO Lixia, ZHANG Chuanmei, LIANG Baoming, LUO Haiyu, ZHANG Mingliang
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2021, 50 (6): 91-98.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.011
    Abstract899)      PDF (2827KB)(281)       Save
    The coating plate method and plate confrontation method were used to isolate and screen the antagonistic fungi against soil-borne pathogens ( Fusarium solani and Sclerotium rolfsii) from the rhizosphere soil of healthy Siraitia grosvenorii.The antagonistic fungi were identified according to their morphological and molecular biology characteristics. Mycelium growth rate method was employed to evaluate the antifungal activity of metabolites from antagonistic fungi.The purpose is to provide a scientific basis for the green control of soil-borne diseases of Siraitia grosvenorii.The results showed that a total of 25 fungi were isolated and 4 antagonistic fungi were screened out.The inhibitory rates of the four antagonistic fungi against Fusarium solani and Sclerotium rolfsii were 42.01%—63.56% and 59.81%—74.17%, respectively.The four antagonistic fungi were identified by morphological observation and molecular biology technique as Trichoderma asperellum, Aspergillus aculeatus, Talaromyces angelicus and Penicillium janthinellum, respectively.Under liquid fermentation conditions, the ethyl acetate extracts from Trichoderma asperellum, Aspergillus aculeatus and Talaromyces angelicus metabolites showed obvious antimicrobial activity against Fusarium solani,with EC 50 values of 1.290 1,2.637 0,3.646 9 mg/ mL,respectively.The ethyl acetate extracts from the fermentation products of Aspergillus aculeatus, Talaromyces angelicus and Penicillium janthinellum showed good antimicrobial activity against Sclerotium rolfsii with EC 50 values of 1.740 4,3.925 1,0.636 2 mg/mL,respectively.Under the conditions of solid rice fermentation, the fermentation product of Trichoderma asperellum had good antimicrobial activity against Fusarium solani and Sclerotium rolfsii,with EC 50 values of 2.339 4 mg/ mL and 1.941 8 mg/ mL.It is suggested that the 4 antagonistic fungi have potential application value for the control of soil-borne diseases of Siraitia grosvenorii.

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    Control Effect of the Mixture of Mesosulfuron⁃methyl and Pinoxaden on Aegilops tauschii and Lolium multiflorum in Wheat Field
    WU Renhai, XU Hongle, SUN Lanlan, SU Wangcang, WEI Hongmei, XUE Fei, LU Chuantao
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (6): 103-110.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.011
    Abstract891)      PDF (1384KB)(79)       Save
    To develop effective herbicides to control Aegilops tauschii and Lolium multiflorum in wheat fields,the synergistic effect of mesosulfuron⁃methyl mixed with pinoxaden was determined by indoor and field trials.The results of indoor test showed that when mesosulfuron⁃methyl∶pinoxaden was 1∶1,1∶2,1∶3,1∶4,1∶6,the cotoxicity coefficient(CTC) to control Lolium multiflorum was 37.37,189.10,287. 08,259.37,101.80,respectively,indicating that when the ratio of mesosulfuron⁃methyl and pinoxaden was 1∶2—1∶4,it had a significant synergistic effect. When mesosulfuron⁃methyl was mixed with 1,2,4,8 times of pinoxaden,the control effects on A.tauschii were 1.50,1.76,3.66 and 5.65 times of mesosulfuron⁃methyl. When the mixture of mesosulfuron⁃methyl and pinoxaden(1∶4)was at the dosage of(30+120),(60+240),(120+480)g/ha,the inhibition rate on wheat was 10. 28%—34.43%,and the addition of the safener mefenpyr⁃diethyl could restore the growth of wheat to the normal level(spraying water).The control effect on A. tauschii with the mixed treatment of 3% mesosulfuron⁃methyl OD18 g/ha+5% pinoxaden EC 45—67.5 g/ha was 89. 28%—91. 83%,which was significantly higher than that with 3% methyldisulfuron OD 18 g/ha(83.28%).The results of regional test showed that the treatment of 3% mesosulfuron⁃methyl OD 13.5 g/ha+5% pinoxaden EC 54 g/ha generated fresh weight control effect of 99.79% on L.multiflorum and wheat yield increased by 17.43%. Above all,the mixture of mesosulfuron⁃methyl and pinoxaden has a good application prospect in controlling A. tauschii and L. multiflorum.

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    Correlation Analysis between Protein Content and Agronomic Traits of Foxtail Millet
    FENG Lian, TIAN Xiang, QIAO Zhijun, WANG Haigang
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (6): 43-53.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.005
    Abstract890)      PDF (1989KB)(92)       Save
    The correlation between the agronomic traits(quality traits:seedling leaf color,tillering,leaf sheath color,panicle type,ear tightness,bristle length,shape of panicle neck,hull color,grain color;quantitative traits:main stem length,main panicle length,diameter of main stem,node number of main stem,main panicle diameter,panicle weight per plant,grain weight per plant)and grain protein content of 83 Shanxi foxtail millet cultivars including landraces and bred cultivars was studied,and principal component analysis and cluster analysis were done,so as to provide theoretical basis for the selection of germplasm with high protein content in millet breeding.The results showed that the variation coefficient of grain protein content of foxtail millet was the lowest(9.00%),whereas the variation coefficient of grain weight per plant was the highest(30.75%).The order of variation coefficient of all the quantitative traits was grain weight per plant>panicle weight per plant>main panicle length>main panicle diameter>main stem length>node number of main stem>diameter of main stem>protein content.Correlation analysis result showed that grain protein content was significantly negatively correlated with main stem length,node number of main stem,main stem diameter,panicle weight per plant,grain weight per plant and leaf sheath color,and significantly positively correlated with bristle length and grain color.The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first eight principal components was 80.643%,which could be used to express most of the information of millet protein content and agronomic traits. All the foxtail millet cultivars were divided into four categories by cluster analysis.The first group was bred cultivars,which had the smallest main stem length,node number of main stem and bristle length,and the largest diameter of main stem,showing lodging resistance potential.The second group mainly consisted of landraces,which had the highest protein content. The main panicle length and grain weight per plant were the highest in the third group. The fourth group was mainly composed of bred cultivars with the highest main stem length,node number of main stem and panicle weight per plant. In the future,more attention should be paid to the utilization of the landraces with low main stem length,panicle weight per plant,and grain weight per plant during the breeding of foxtail millet cultivars with high protein content.

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    Tomato Recognition in Yuanmou Hot Area Based on Object‐Oriented GF‐2 Remote Sensing Data
    CHEN Yuehao, HE Guangxiong, LI Jie, SHI Liangtao, FANG Haidong, SHI Zhengtao
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2021, 50 (12): 170-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.12.020
    Abstract881)      PDF (8588KB)(60)       Save
    In order to accurately grasp the spatial distribution information of tomato planting in Yuanmou hot area,realize the goal of rationally adjusting the agricultural structure and the economic scale development of regional characteristic crops,this paper used GF‐2 as the data source,based on the object‐oriented classification idea,and used the ESP scale parameter evaluation tool to evaluate the remote sensing image on segmentation scale.After setting the optimal segmentation scale parameter,the image object was obtained,and then the spectrum,texture and vegetation index were used to construct a variety of recognition schemes,remote sensing recognition of tomatoes in the Yuanmou hot area was implemented by using different classifiers of maximum likelihood method and support vector machine.The best auxiliary recognition feature combination method for tomato information extraction based on GF‐2 data was explored. The results showed that the multi‐feature combination scheme of normalized vegetation index,ratio vegetation index,gray level co‐occurrence matrix and local binary pattern texture constructed based on GF‐2 remote sensing image data in the maximum likelihood method had the highest recognition accuracy for tomatoes,with an overall accuracy of 97.20% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.91;in the support vector machine,the combination with the highest recognition accuracy for tomatoes was the multi‐feature combination scheme based on normalized vegetation index,ratio vegetation index,and gray degree co‐occurrence matrix texture,with an overall accuracy of 96.44% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.87.The overall accuracy of the maximum likelihood method for tomato recognition was higher than that of the support vector machine.The research results indicate that the combination of multiple auxiliary recognition features constructed based on GF‐2 image data objects can realize the fine recognition of Yuanmou tomato.

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    Effects of UAV Flight Height on Prediction Model of Plant Nitrogen Accumulation in Winter Wheat
    JING Yuhang, GUO Yan, ZHANG Huifang, RONG Yasi, ZHANG Shaohua, FENG Wei, WANG Laigang, HE Jia, LIU Haijiao, ZHENG Guoqing
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (2): 147-158.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.02.018
    Abstract873)      PDF (10477KB)(293)       Save
    UAV has the advantage of obtaining crop information quickly,efficiently and non‑destructively,and is widely used in modern agriculture. However,the flight height of UAV directly affects the efficiency of obtaining crop information. In this study,UAV remote sensing images with different resolutions were obtained at the jointing,flowering and filling stages of winter wheat by setting flight altitudes of 30 m, 60 m and 90 m,to explore and analyze the impact of UAV flight altitude on the prediction model of winter wheat plant nitrogen accumulation. Firstly,six vegetation indices(NDVI,RDVI,RERDVI,GBNDVI,OSAVI,EXG)and four texture features(Green‑mean,Green‑sm,Red‑mean,Red‑var)were screened out by correlation and collinearity analysis between different height of vegetation indices,texture features and nitrogen accumulation of winter wheat. Based on the selected vegetation index and texture characteristics,the prediction models of nitrogen accumulation of winter wheat plant were established with vegetation index,texture feature and vegetation index+texture feature by using PLSR and BPNN methods,and the models were cross‑verified at different heights. The stability of the models was analyzed by R²,RMSE and RPD indices. The results showed that the prediction models established with vegetation index,texture feature and vegetation index+texture feature extracted from 30 m UAV images had the best stability by the two methods. The R 2 ,RMSE and RPD ranges of the three models with different information were 0.57—0.89,1.27—4.16 g/m2 and 1.67—3.65,respectively. The stability of BPNN model constructed under the three kinds of modeling information was better than that of PLSR on the whole.The R 2 and RPD of the verification model were improved in the range of 0.01—0.39 and 0.05—1.44,respectively. RMSE decreased by 0.08—8.53 g/m 2.The order of stability of the prediction models for plant nitrogen accumulation was vegetation index+texture feature>vegetation index>texture feature. The vegetation index,texture feature and vegetation index+texture feature of remote sensing images from three UAV flight heights were combined to predict plant nitrogen accumulation,which could improve the estimation accuracy( R 2 ,RMSE and RPD ranges were 0.89—0.93,1.80—2.03 g/m 2 and 3.54—4.03,respectively).Therefore,when considering the efficiency and accuracy,the flight height of UAV should be increased appropriately for efficient nitrogen accumulation prediction with comprehensive utilization of vegetation index and texture feature.
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    Isolation,Identification and Determination of Control Effect of Antagonistic Microorganisms against Sesame Fusarium Wilt
    CHANG Shuxian, MA Qin, QU Wenwen, ZHANG Haiyang, MIAO Hongmei, DUAN Yinghui
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 84-91.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.010
    Abstract838)      PDF (1731KB)(115)       Save
    Sesame Fusarium wilt(SFW),caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami(FOS),is one of destructive fungal diseases in sesame. In order to screen antagonistic microorganisms for the biocontrol of SFW,the isolation,purification and antagonistic effect test of rhizospheric microorganisms were carried out by using root soil samples of sesame,hispid arthraxon and Chinese violet from different ecological regions in China. And the control effect of important antagonists on SFW at seedling stage was verified by pot experiment. Furthermore,the antagonistic strains were identified through morphological observation,physiological and biochemical characteristics assay and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.The results showed that a total of 1 077 bacteria,515 fungi,and 554 actinomycetes strains were isolated from 33 soil samples from six provinces in China,and 17 bacteria,10 fungi,and 51 actinomycetes were screened with antagonistic effect against F.oxysporum strains.Among them two bacterial isolates,SF3⁃33 and SF4⁃11 had the most significant antagonistic effect with maximum antagonistic distance being 1.0 cm,and their maximum control effects on SFW caused by the high pathogenic FOS strains reached 83.74% and 63.13% respectively.Further,SF3⁃33 was identified as Bacillus licheniformis,while SF4⁃11 was as Paenibacillus peoriae.In conclusion,a large number of rhizosphere microorganisms are screened,which can inhibit the mycelial growth of F.oxysporum.Among them,two bacterial strains SF3⁃33 and SF4⁃11 can significantly reduce the occurrence of SFW at seedling stage,which provides the important materials with application potential for further exploring the biological control technology of SFW.

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    A Method for Monitoring the Critical Growth Stages of Winter Wheat by Using Near‑earth Remote Sensing
    WEI Qingwei, ZHU Liming , WANG Fuzhou
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2021, 50 (10): 163-171.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.10.021
    Abstract811)      PDF (2022KB)(149)       Save
    The aim is to explore the effective method for monitoring the critical growth stages of winter wheat.Firstly,the device for measuring normalized vegetation index(SRS‑NDVI)was used to monitor time series normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)of winter wheat growing season in 2017—2018 and 2018—2019 at Hebi Agrometeorological Experimental Station. Then,the neighborhood difference analysis method was used to reconstruct time series normalized difference vegetation index,and the S‑G filtering method(Savitzky‑golay,S‑G)was used to smooth the noise in normalized difference vegetation index time series.Finally,according to the characteristics of normalized difference vegetation index time series,the generalized dynamic threshold method,curve rate method and extreme value method were used to extract the key growth stages of winter wheat. The results showed that the neighborhood difference analysis method could effectively remove obvious abnormal values in normalized difference vegetation index time series. Besides,the normalized difference vegetation index time series processed by S‑G filtering method was more in line with the normalized difference vegetation index change rule of winter wheat.In addition,the average error of the critical growth stages of winter wheat was 2. 5 days,and the accuracy was significantly higher than that extracted by using satellite remote sensing.
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    Isolation of Antagonistic Endophytes against Myrica rubra Wilt and Their Antagonistic Mechanism
    CAO Pengfei, LIU Qing’e
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2021, 50 (4): 96-105.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.04.013
    Abstract796)      PDF (3253KB)(182)       Save
    In order to isolate and screen antagonistic endophytes for the control of M.rubra wilt disease,healthy M.rubra, Houttuynia cordata, phoenix and honeysuckle were used as materials to screen the antagonistic endophytic strains.The changes of cell membrane,cell wall,respiratory metabolism,RNA content and topoisomerase Ⅰ activity were determined to study the antagonistic mechanism.The results showed that 14 strains of antagonistic endophytes against M.rubra wilt were isolated from four plants,of which the FWB1J strain and YMB1J strain had the best antibacterial effect.And these two strains were
    identified as Trichoderma sp.and Candida sp.respectively. Their MICs were 0.400 0 g/mL,their EC 50 were 0.034 7 g/mL and 0.029 0 g/mL respectively,their EC 90 were 0.315 5 g/mL and 0.254 6 g/mL,respectively.After being treated with the extracellular metabolites of two dominant endophytic strains,the content of N-acetylglucosamine and chitinase activity of pathogen were significantly higher than those of the control,and reached the maximum at 36 h,among them,the content of N-acetylglucosamine in the EC 90 group of YMB1J strain was 176. 700 μg/ g higher than that of the control.The leakage of extracellular soluble sugar and soluble protein increased gradually,and reached the maximum at 10 h.The content of ergosterol was significantly lower than that of the control group,and the EC 90 group of FWB1J strain was 82.460 μg/g lower than the control.The content of RNA in pathogen was always lower than that of the control group,and the RNA content of the EC90 group of FWB1J strain was the lowest,which was 16.450 μg/g lower than that of the control group at 60 h.The activities of succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase were significantly lower than that of the control group,and the activities of the two enzymes in the EC 90 group of FWB1J strain were decreased by 2.750 U/mg and 318.330 U/mg at 72 h,respectively.Theses indicated that FWB1J and YMB1J strains could destroy the integrity of cell wall, increase the permeability of cell membrane, inhibit nucleic acid synthesis and respiratory metabolism,and then inhibit the growth of the pathogen and even promote their death.

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    Study on Automatic Extraction Algorithm of Farmland Flood Disaster Information Based on Remote Sensing
    WANG Laigang, XU Shaobo, LI Shimin, GUO Yan, CHENG Yongzheng, HE Jia
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (11): 163-170.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.11.019
    Abstract795)      PDF (11315KB)(36)       Save
    In order to improve the efficiency of information extraction of farmland flood disaster,an effective method of automatic extraction of water body from remote sensing images was explored.The flood disaster in Xunxian County,Henan Province in late July 2021 was taken as the research object,and the NDWI(normalized difference water index),MNDWI(modified normalized difference water index),MBWI(multi‑band water index) and B12 band of Sentinel‑2 remote sensing data were taken as the multi‑dimensional characteristics before,during and after the disaster,and the multi‑dimensional unsupervised water body automatic extraction method was used to extract the water body area.At the same time,Canny‑Edge‑Otsu automatic water body extraction method was used to segment MBWI,MNDWI,NDWI and the HV polarization band of GF‑3 data respectively to extract farmland flood disaster information,and the accuracies of different data sources and methods to extract farmland flood disaster information were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the multi‑dimensional unsupervised water body automatic extraction method integrated various water body indexes and bands as multi‑dimensional features,and the extraction errors of pre‑disaster and disaster water bodies were 6.99% and 7.45% respectively,which were lower than those of Canny‑Edge‑Otsu automatic water body extraction method. By comparing NDWI,MBWI and MNDWI,MBWI had the smallest extraction error and NDWI had the largest extraction error,but buildings and cloud shadow areas were easily mistaken for water bodies.The error of flood extraction based on GF‑3 after the disaster was 15.57%,which was larger than Sentinel‑2 image.However,GF‑3 remote sensing image was not affected by cloud and rain weather,so it provided a strong data support in emergency monitoring of flood disaster.

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    Simulation of Intelligent Internet of Things System Based on High-Level Packet Tracer
    ZHANG Yan, LIU Ting, BAO Zhuoya, WANG Laigang, HE Jia, GUO Yan, ZHANG Hongli, YANG Xiuzhong
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2021, 50 (6): 163-170.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.020
    Abstract783)      PDF (4336KB)(241)       Save
    In order to compare differences between Sentinel-2and GF-6 WFV imagery in crops identification,based on Sentinel-2 and GF-6 WFV remote sensing data,this study used K nearest neighbor and maximum likelihood classification methods to extract peanut planting area in Yulin Township,Xuchang City,and constructed confusion matrix by ground sample points for accuracy verification.The relative errors of the extracted peanut planting area were compared based on the measured data.The results showed that two classification methods were effective in extracting peanut planting area from two data sources and could meet the actual needs. The mapping accuracy was above 85%,the user accuracy was above 80%,and the relative error was within 10%. Peanut planting area was mainly concentrated in the northwest and southeast regions,and there were a few sporadic distributions in the northeast and southwest regions.By comparison,the object-oriented K nearest neighbor method could better avoid pixel mis-segmentation and leakage-segmentation problems in complex terrain area.K nearest neighbor method was superior to traditional pixel-based maximum likelihood classification in terms of overall accuracy,Kappa coefficient,peanut planting area mapping accuracy,user accuracy,and relative error.In terms of different classification methods of the same data source,the classification accuracy of two data sources using K nearest neighbor method was higher than the maximum likelihood classification.It showed that compared to the pixel-based classification method,K nearest neighbor method could make full use of the spectrum and texture feature,and obtain higher extraction accuracy. In terms of the same method and different data sources,the extraction accuracy of the peanut planting area based on Sentinel-2 by the maximum likelihood method was lower than that of GF-6 WFV,and the extraction accuracy of the peanut planting area based on Sentinel-2 by the K neighbor method was higher than that of GF-6 WFV.Because the spatial resolution of Sentinel-2 data is higher than that of GF-6 WFV,and the detail expression is better,it is more suitable to extract small-scale areas with complex planting structures.


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    Study on the Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic and Quality Traits of 48 Germplasm Resources of Lycium ruthenicum Murr.
    WANG Xiaojie, LI Meixia, TAO Lei, ZHANG Bo, HE Xinru, MI Jia, DAI Guoli, XU Wendi
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 78-90.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.008
    Abstract775)      PDF (3738KB)(64)       Save
    In order to study the genetic diversity of 18 phenotypic and quality traits(15 quantitative traits and 3 qualitative traits)of 48 germplasm resources of L.ruthenicum Murr.,descriptive statistics analysis,principal component analysis,correlation analysis and clustering analysis were performed.The results showed that the germplasm resources of L.ruthenicum Murr.were rich in genetic diversity.The genetic diversity index of quantitative traits was 1.431—2.095,and the variation coefficient was 19%—189%.The highest diversity index was longitudinal diameter of fruit,followed by transverse diameter of fruit,branch diameter,branch length,number of ripe fruits per branch and leaf width;The genetic diversityindex of quality traits was 0.745—1.007,the fruit shape had the highest diversity index,the diversity index of leaf shape was 0. 948,fruit color diversity index was 0.745.The results of the first six principal component analysis showed that longitudinal diameter of fruit,fruit color,leaf area,anthocyanin content,transverse diameter of fruit and branch diameter could be used as the main indexes to reflect the yield and quality of L.ruthenicum Murr.,with a cumulative contribution rate of 80.09%.The correlation analysis found that 15 pairs of traits reached the highly significant correlation level( P<0.01),and 14 pairs were positively correlated and 1 pair was negatively correlated,transverse diameter of fruit,average single fresh fruit weight and number of blades showed very significant positive correlation between each other( P<0.01),anthocyanin content,fruit color and number of ripe fruits per branch also showed very significant positive correlation between each other( P<0. 01),fruit stalk length and fruit shape,fruit color,anthocyanins concentration and branch diameter showed significant negative correlation( P<0. 01).Based on genetic differences of traits between germplasms,48 germplasm resources were clustered into 6 categories,and the clustering results had a strong correlation with the distribution of sample communities.In conclusion,the genetic diversity of main phenotypic and quality traits in 48 germplasm resources of L. ruthenicum Murr.is rich.

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    Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Different Cultivars Groups of Herbaceous Peony Germplasm Resources
    WANG Huijuan, WANG Erqiang, FU Zhenzhu, LI Yanmin, WANG Xiaohui, WANG Zhanying, YUAN Xin, GAO Jie, WANG Limin, ZHANG Hechen
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (12): 110-121.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.12.013
    Abstract759)      PDF (2859KB)(68)       Save
    109 herbaceous peony germplasm resources from different cultivar groups were used to study the diversity of 38 phenotypic traits(4 quantitative traits,27 qualitative polymorphism traits and 7 qualitative binary traits)by the analysis of variance,coefficient of variation analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that the phenotypic traits of 109 herbaceous peony germplasm resources had a high degree of variation and rich genetic diversity.Among them,the average variation coefficient of quantitative traits was 17.59%,with the largest variation coefficient for plant height(24.71%).The average Shannon‑Wiener index of quantitative traits was 2.00,and plant height had the maximum value(2.10).The average of Shannon‑wiener index in qualitative indexes(1.06)was less than that in quantitative traits,and the Shannon‑Wiener index of flower color was the highest(1.82),followed by that of flower type(1.67).The results of correlation and principal component analysis showed that there were 67 pairs of extremely significant correlation and 53 pairs of significant correlation among the characters. The cumulative contribution rate of first 14 principal components was 69.905%.Plant height,plant type,stigma size,flowering time and stem state were the main traits affecting the phenotypic differences of herbaceous peony. Hierarchical clustering divided herbaceous peony germplasm resources into four groups.Phenotypic traits such as plant height,plant type,flower color,and leaf margin sawtooth were closely related to variety clustering. Groups 1—3 were mainly traditional peony varieties of China.The herbaceous peony germplasm resources introduced from abroad belonged to three cultivars groups and clustered into one group alone,which had quite different phenotypic traits(thick stems and half‑opened plant types) from the traditional varieties of China.This clustering result reflected the difference of provenance and long‑term breeding objectives to a certain extent.

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    Identification of Citrus Diseases Based on Improved ShuffleNet V2
    YU Yannan, MO Yongbin, YAN Jichi, XIONG Chunlin, DOU Shiqing, YANG Rongfeng
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (1): 142-151.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.01.016
    Abstract734)      PDF (3756KB)(30)       Save
    Large convolutional neural networks are difficult to deploy in practical applications because of the complexity of models,while lightweight networks are often less accurate than the former because of the optimization of model structure. To solve these problems,ShuffleNet V2 was improved and a lightweight MAM‑ShuffleNet citrus disease recognition model was proposed. Firstly,the mixed attention module(MAM)was introduced in ShuffleNet V2 to improve the ability of the model to extract disease features. Secondly,Ghost module was used to optimize the convolutional layer in the network,which effectively reduced the number of network model parameters and calculation cost. Finally,the stacking times of ShuffleNet V2 unit in the network structure were adjusted to further simplify the network parameters. The results showed that the average recognition accuracy of MAM‑ShuffleNet model reached 97.7% in the self‑built citrus leaf data. Compared with the original ShuffleNet V2,the number of parameters was reduced by 45.7%,and the recognition accuracy was increased by 1.2 percentage points.The comprehensive performance was better than ResNet50 and DenseNet121 models.
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    Research on Millet Disease Identification Based on Transfer Learning and Residual Network
    ZHANG Hongtao, LUO Yiming, TAN Lian, YANG Jiapeng, WANG Yu
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (12): 162-171.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.12.018
    Abstract731)      PDF (2368KB)(40)       Save
    A method of millet disease image recognition based on transfer learning and residual network(Residual CNN)was proposed for millet disease. First,the original sample set was established,whichwas composed of four kinds of disease images including millet white disease,blast,red leaf disease,rustdisease and normal millet leaf image.Then,the original image was segmented by using the maximum inter‐class variance method based on super green feature,the millet disease segmentation image dataset was established,and the dataset was extended. Finally,based on the expanded segmentation image data set of millet disease,the recognition model of millet disease was established by using the idea of transfer learning and residual network. The results showed that the recognition rate of this model reached 98.2%,which was 8.9 percentage points higher than that of the support vector machine(SVM)based millet disease recognition model,and the training time of this model was reduced by 17.69 min compared with that of the convolutional neural network(CNN) based millet disease recognition model.The results indicated that the recognition model of millet disease based on transfer learning and residual network could effectively identify the four kinds of millet leaf diseases.
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    Application Progress of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology in Crop Genetic Breeding
    JIAO Yaolei, WANG Chunsheng, QU Shuo, SUN Shanshan, ZHU Tingting, ZHAO He, WANG Piwu
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2021, 50 (7): 1-7.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.07.001
    Abstract727)      PDF (6994KB)(589)       Save
    CRISPR/Cas9(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISRP‑associated nuclease 9)is a new type of genome⁃directed editing technology after ZFNs(zinc finger nucleases)and TALENs(transcription activator like effector nucleases).Compared with the previous two generations of technology,it has the characteristics of simplicity and high efficiency.CRISPR/Cas9 is not only a basic research tool,but also has become one of currently useful molecular breeding tools,and important progress has been made in crop genetic improvement. The structure,classification,action mechanism of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and its application progress in crop quality improvement,yield enhancement, resistance breeding and male sterile material selection were reviewed,its existing problems were discussed,and its application prospects were prospected.

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    Inhibitory Effect of Combined Use of Trichoderma and Fungicides on Rhizoctonia solani in Rice
    ZHANG Yaling, TANG Xueting, WANG Bing, HOU Yuxuan, ZHAO Yuhan, JIN Xuehui
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2021, 50 (9): 96-104.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.09.012
    Abstract690)      PDF (7171KB)(101)       Save
    To clarify the inhibitory effect of Trichoderma stains combined with fungicides on mycelium growth of the pathogen of rice sheath blight( Rhizoctonia solani),growth rate method and confrontation training method were used to test four chemical fungicide agents(20% propiconazole EC,25% azoxystrobin SC,20% zinc⁃thiazole SC,125 g/L epoxiconazol SC) and three Trichoderma stains(Trichoderma harzianum HZT⁃1,Trichoderma longibrachiatum CZT⁃2,Trichoderma viride LZT⁃3).The results showed that according to the EC 50,four fungicides from low to high were 25% azoxystrobin(SC)(0. 001 4 μg/mL),20% propiconazole(EC)(0. 003 7 μg/mL),125 g/L fluorcloazole(0. 222 0 μg/mL)and 20% zinc⁃thiazole (20. 750 0 μg/mL). According to the inhibition rate on R. solani,three Trichoderma strains from low to high were T. harzianum HZT⁃1(53. 54%),T.viride LZT⁃3(76. 45%),T.longibrachiatum CZT⁃2(93. 25%). By analysis of the ratio(V EC50) of the EC 50 of fungicides to Trichoderma and the EC 50 of the fungicides to R. solani,the values of VEC50 of 25% azoxystrobin and 20% zinc⁃thiazole to three Trichoderma strains were all greater than 1. showing that they had high compatibility,and could be used in combination. Through analyzing synergism by synergy coefficient(S)after combined use,the synergy coefficient(S)was greater than 1 of T. longibrachiatum CZT⁃2 and T.viride LZT⁃3 with 25% azoxystrobin(concentration≥1. 25 μg/mL)and 20% zinc⁃thiazole(concentration≥10 μg/mL). The synergy coefficient (S) was greater than 1 of T. harzianum HZT⁃1 with high concentration of 25% azoxystrobin(concentration≥2. 5 μg/mL)and 20% zinc⁃thiazole(concentration≥20μg/mL).Therefore,T.longibrachiatum CZT⁃2 and T. viride LZT⁃3 can be combined with azoxystrobin and zinc⁃thiazole to control rice sheath blight.
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    Isolation and Evaluation of the Antagonistic Bacterium HJ‑5 against Orchid Stem Rot Disease
    LÜ Ang, WANG Cheng, TANG Yafang, WANG Lihua, JIANG Yiquan
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2021, 50 (8): 85-93.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.08.011
    Abstract676)      PDF (7569KB)(112)       Save
    In order to screen antagonistic bacterial strains for the biocontrol of orchid stem rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum,antagonistic bacteria were isolated and screened from the soil around the roots of healthy orchid seedlings in Xiaogan City,Hubei Province,and their biological control potential was evaluated. The results showed that 8 strains of antagonistic bacteria were isolated,which had good inhibitory effect on the growth of F.oxysporum.16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction showed that all the 8 antagonistic strains were Bacillus spp. B. megaterium HJ‑5 showed good and stable antagonism against F. oxysporum in plate confrontation. Its sterile fermentation broth was added into the virulent plate prepared by PDA medium at 5%. The sterile fermentation broth showed strong inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea,Colletotrichum siamense,F.moniliforme,F.oxysporum,Monilia fructigena,Mucor hiemails,Rhizopus stolonifer,Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotium rolfsii,and the inhibition rates were higher than 50%.The sterile fermentation broth of HJ‑5 could maintain the antifungal activity under high temperature,strong acid and alkali,and long‑term UV irradiation.In addition,the key genes sfp and fenB for the biosynthesis of antimicrobial substances surfactin and fengycin were amplified in the genome of HJ‑5.The above results indicate that B. megaterium strain HJ‑5has excellent biocontrol potential against orchid stem rot.
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    Identification of Lasioderma serricorne in Tobacco Leaf Raw Materials Based on Improved YOLOv3 Algorithm
    ZHANG Weizheng, CHEN Saiyueyang, WANG Yanling, TIE Jinxin, DING Jia, LI Meng, LI Canlin, SU Xiaoke, GAN Yong
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (11): 157-166.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.11.017
    Abstract673)      PDF (10647KB)(86)       Save
    In order to solve the problem of low efficiency and inaccuracy in manual recognition of tobacco beetles( Lasioderma serricorne)in tobacco leaf raw materials,and achieve accurate and intelligent recognition of tobacco beetles,a tobacco beetle recognition model was proposed based on the improved YOLOv3 algorithm.Firstly,Random Mix data augmentation technology was used to expand the tobacco beetle dataset;By introducing the K⁃means++ algorithm to recluster anchor boxes,YOLOv3’s recognition ability for tobacco beetles was improved;SIoU Loss was used to improve the Loss function of YOLOv3 bounding box to improve the accuracy of model positioning and accelerate model convergence;Finally,a feature refinement module was added to filter conflict information and optimize the accuracy of the model in identifying small targets in the tobacco beetle dataset.The results showed that,the improved YOLOv3 network model achieved average detection accuracy,recall,F1 score,and mAP of 93.26%,88.25%,0.90,and 94.59% for tobacco beetles in the test set,respectively,increased by 12.21 percentage points,11.79 percentage points,0.12,and 12.40 percentage points compared to the existing YOLOv3 algorithm,providing support for the effective recognition of tobacco beetles.

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    Control Effect of Pyroxasulfone Mixed with Cyanazine on Weeds in Wheat Field
    WU Renhai, XU Hongle, LI Huilong, SUN Lanlan, SU Wangcang, XUE Fei, WANG Qiang, LU Chuantao
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2021, 50 (10): 84-91.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.10.011
    Abstract619)      PDF (1386KB)(201)       Save
    To illustrate the control effect of the mixture of pyroxasulfone and cyanazine on weeds in wheat field,indoor activity determination and field plot experiment were set up.The results of indoor test showed that the inhibition medium dose(GR 50)of pyroxasulfone and cyanazine on Alopecurus myosuroides were 1.14 g/ha and 108.43 g/ha,respectively. As mixing with the ratio of 1∶2. 5,1∶5,1∶7. 5,1∶10,the values of cotoxicity coefficient(CTC)were 128.74,127.42,146.52,172.71,which showed that the combination of the two herbicides had synergistic effect at the ratio of 1∶2. 5,1∶5,1∶7. 5,1∶10. When pyroxasutfone was mixed with cyanazine at the ratio of 1∶5,1∶7. 5 and 1∶10,the selectivity indexes against wheat and A. myosuroides were 8. 38,1. 30 and 1. 53 respectively.The results of field plot experiment demonstrated that at 100 days after treatment,the combined use of pyroxasulfone and cyanazine with the ratio of 1∶5 at 540,720,900,1 440 g/ha in field showed above 94% of plant number and fresh weight controt effects to Capsella bursa‑ pastoris and Geranium carolinianum,and 87%—93% to Alopecurus myosuroides,and the wheat yield increased by 14%—21%.In conclusion,the mixture of pyroxasulfone and cycazine at the ratio of 1∶5 is an efficient,broad spectrum and safe herbicide in wheat field.
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