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Identification and Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factors Differentially Expressed in Maize under Drought⁃Rewatering Treatment FU Jiaxu, YAN Yali, XIE Xiaowen, ZHANG Xinyue, WEN Pengfei, GUAN Xiaokang, WANG Tongchao, WEI Li Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 9-19.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.002 Abstract （3753）      PDF （4139KB）（876）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore WRKY transcription factors related to drought resistance in maize（Zea mays），differentially expressed WRKY genes were identified under drought⁃rewatering treatment，and their physicochemical characteristics，phylogenetic evolution，chromosome distribution，gene duplication，gene structure，conserved motif，cis⁃elements in promoter region and gene expression level were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 51 differentially expressed ZmWRKY genes were identified，the amino acid number，molecular weight and isoelectric point of 51 ZmWRKY proteins ranged from 99 to 729 aa，11.22 to 78.73 ku，and 4.58 to 12.26，respectively.ZmWRKY genes were divided into three groups Ⅰ，Ⅱ and Ⅲ，ZmWRKY genes of group Ⅱ were divided into Ⅱa，Ⅱb，Ⅱc，Ⅱd and Ⅱe.ZmWRKY genes were unequally distributed on 10 chromosomes，including 2 pairs of tandem duplication and 16 pairs of segmental duplication.The ZmWRKY genes contained 1—12 exons，most of ZmWRKY proteins（41）contained 2—4 conserved motifs，and WRKY members in the same group had similar motif compositions.Many cis⁃elements related to plant hormone and abiotic stress，such as ABRE，AuxRR⁃core，TCA⁃element，TC⁃rich repeats，TGACG⁃motif，LTR，MBS，TATC⁃box，P⁃box，CGTCA⁃motif，GC⁃motif，TGA⁃element and GARE⁃motif were identified in ZmWRKY gene promotor region.Under drought⁃rewatering treatment，51 ZmWRKY genes exhibited different expression patterns，among them，fifteen genes positively responded to drought stress，including ZmWRKY1，ZmWRKY10，ZmWRKY16，ZmWRKY28， ZmWRKY30， ZmWRKY33， ZmWRKY42， ZmWRKY65， ZmWRKY68， ZmWRKY78，ZmWRKY96，ZmWRKY99，ZmWRKY100，ZmWRKY102 and ZmWRKY111，and one gene negatively responded to drought stress，which were candidate genes for further study of drought response in ZmWRKY family. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Differentially Expressed bHLH Genes in Maize under Drought‑Rewatering Treatments XIE Xiaowen, ZHANG Xinyue, FU Jiaxu, SHAO Jing, WEN Pengfei, WANG Tongchao, WEI Li Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 33-44.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.004 Abstract （3405）      PDF （5798KB）（586）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore bHLH transcription factors related to drought resistance in maize（Zea mays），differentially expressed bHLH genes were identified under drought‑rewatering treatment，and physicochemical characteristics，phylogenetic evolution，chromosome distribution，gene duplication，gene structure，conserved motif，cis‑elements in promoter region and gene expression were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 51 differentially expressed bHLH genes were identified in maize under drought‑rewatering treatment，the amino acid number，molecular weight and isoelectric point of 51 bHLH proteins ranged from 80 to 705 aa，21.26 to 92.17 ku，and 4.54 to 12.41，respectively.bHLH genes were divided into 16 subgroups，Ⅺ subgroup was the largest，containing 9 bHLH proteins；Ⅵ，Ⅷ，Ⅸ and ⅩⅢ subgroups were the smallest，containing 1 bHLH protein each. bHLH genes were distributed unevenly on 10 chromosomes，among which 7 pairs of genes had replication relationships.The number of exons varied greatly，9 bHLH genes contained 1 exon，27 bHLH genes contained 2—5 exons，and 15 bHLH genes contained 6 or more exons；Motif 1 and Motif 2 appeared more frequently in the conserved motifs of bHLH protein，followed by Motif 3 and Motif 5，with Motif 6 and Motif 9 appeared least frequently.The promoter region of bHLH genes contained many cis‑acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stress，such as ABRE，GARE‑motif，P‑box，AuxRR‑core，MBS，TGACG‑motif，CGTCA‑motif，TCA‑rich，TGA‑element and TCA‑element. Under drought‑rewatering treatment，51 bHLH genes exhibited different expression patterns，among them，14 genes such as ZmbHLH20，ZmbHLH25，ZmbHLH9，ZmbHLH137and ZmbHLH178 positively responded to drought stress，and 14 genes such as ZmbHLH58，ZmbHLH87，ZmbHLH36 and ZmbHLH106 negatively responded to drought stress，which were candidate genes for further study of drought response in maize bHLH family. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Two Different Nitrogen Efficiency Maize Varieties in Response to Nitrogen Reduction LI Chuan, ZHANG Panpan, ZHANG Meiwei, NIU Jun, ZHAO Xia, HE Guanhua, QIAO Jiangfang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (9): 10-24.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.09.002 Abstract （3339）      PDF （7133KB）（269）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the differentially expressed genes（DEGs）in Weike 518（WK518）with high nitrogen efficiency and Nongda108（ND108） with low nitrogen efficiency under nitrogen reduction condition and their functions，the ear⁃leaf samples were collected from WK518 and ND108 at mid filling stage under normal nitrogen fertilizer application rate（225 kg/ha nitrogen,HN）and low nitrogen fertilizer application rate（0 kg/hanitrogen,LN）,and used for high⁃throughput RNA sequencing. Then the GO term and KEGG metabolic pathway of DEGs were analyzed from different compared groups，and the differentially expressed transcription factor families were analyzed. The results showed that 2 065 up⁃regulated DEGs and 2 319 down⁃regulated DEGs were detected between WK518 and ND108 under LN condition,2 368 up⁃regulated DEGs and 3 780 down⁃regulated DEGs were detected under HN condition;1 009 up⁃regulated DEGs and 2 268 down⁃regulated DEGs were detected in WK518 under different nitrogen application rates,and 364 up⁃regulated DEGs and 510 down⁃regulated DEGs were detected in ND108 under different nitrogen application rates.Under LN condition,DEGs between WK518 and ND108 were mainly enriched in uroporphyrin⁃Ⅲ C⁃methyltransferase activity,mannose⁃6⁃phosphate isomerase activity,oxidation⁃reduction process,mitochondrion organization,nuclear chromatin and other GO terms,and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism,phenylalaninemetabolism,monoterpenoid biosynthesis,glycine/serine and threonine metabolism,base excision repair and other KEGG pathways. Under HN condition，DEGs between WK518 and ND108 were mainly enriched in stomatal closure,transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity,chloroplast stroma，thylakoid,chloroplast envelope and other GO terms,and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms，amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism,glycolysis/gluconeogenesis,β⁃alanine metabolism,photosynthesis⁃antenna proteins and other KEGG pathways.DEGs in WK518 were mainly enriched in response to chitin,protein phosphorylation，membrane，indole glucosinolate metabolic process，galactinol⁃sucrose galactosyltransferase and other GO terms,and carbon fixation in photosynthetic origination,plant hormone signal transduction,protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum,plant⁃pathogen interaction,MAPK signaling pathway⁃plant and other KEGG pathways under different nitrogen application rates.DEGs in ND108 were mainly enriched in response to water deprivation,toxin catabolic process,chitinase activity,trehalose biosynthetic process,trehalose⁃phosphatase activity and other GO terms,and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,MAPK signaling pathway⁃plant，prodigiosin biosynthesis,zeatin biosynthesis,biotin metabolism and other KEGG pathways under different nitrogen application rates.Fifty⁃eight differentially expressed transcription factor families were detected in WK518 and ND108 under different nitrogen application rates,including GRAS,bHLH,MYB⁃related,NAC,C3H,ERF,C2H2,WRKY,FAR1 transcription factor families and so on,which were very important in plants growth,development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of miRNAs Related to High Temperature Stress in Maize Pollen and Analysis of Their Target Genes LI Chuan, ZHANG Panpan, ZHANG Meiwei, NIU Jun, MU Weilin, GUO Hanxiao, QIAO Jiangfang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (2): 1-16.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.001 Abstract （2852）      PDF （4835KB）（630）       Knowledge map    Save By using high⁃throughput miRNA sequencing technology，differentially expressed miRNAs were indentified in pollens of high heat tolerant maize variety Zhengdan 958 and low heat tolerant maize variety Xianyu 335 under high temperature stress at flowering stage，their target genes were predicted，and the enrichment analysis of genetic characteristics and metabolic pathways of these target genes were conducted. The results showed that a total of 818 miRNA precursor sequences were identified. Nineteen significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were screened in the group of Zhengdan 958 pollen under high temperature stress compared with the control pollen under normal condition(HT958 vs CK958). Among them，15 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated，4 miRNA sequences were down⁃regulated，and expression level difference of 3 miRNA sequences reached extremely significant level(P<0.01).The predicted results of target genes of 19 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 503 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，microtubule⁃based process，hosphorylation，positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase Ⅱ ，methylation and so on，and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were glutathione metabolism，carbon metabolism，arachidonic acid metabolism lycolysis/gluconeogenesis，folate biosynthesis and so on. Fiveteen significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the group of Xianyu 335 pollen under high temperature stress compared with the control pollen(HT335 vs CK335). Among them，7 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated,8 were down⁃regulated，and the expression level difference of 1 miRNA sequence reached highly significant level(P<0.01).The predicted results of target genes of 15 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 454 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，phosphorylation，protein phosphorylation,proteolysis，DNA repair and so on，and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were other glycan degradation,linoleic acid metabolism,metabolic pathways，thiamine metabolism，protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and so on.Eighty⁃five significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the group of Zhengdan 958 pollen under high temperature stress compared with Xianyu 335 pollen under high temperature stress(HT985 vs HT335). Among them，35 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated，50 were down⁃regulated，and expression level difference of 24 miRNA sequences reached extremely significant level(P<0.01). The predicted results of target genes of 85 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 2 286 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，phosphorylation,protein phosphorylation,proteolysis,transmembrane transport and so on，the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were sphingolipidmetabolism，starch and sucrose metabolism，other glycan degradation，metabolic pathways，cysteine and methionine metabolism and so on. Ninety⁃four significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the HT958 vs CK958 group compared with HT335 vs CK335 group. The predicted results of target genes of 94 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 4 569 gene transcripts were obtained.Among them，the expression level difference of 28 miRNA sequences showed extremely significant(P<0.01),including PC⁃3p⁃10069_1143C⁃3p⁃18335_646，zma⁃miR164f⁃5p and so on. The enriched GO biological process terms of target genes of 94 differentially expressed miRNA sequences included regulation of transcription,DNA⁃templated,phosphorylation,protein phosphorylation,protein transport,proteolysis and so on,and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum，ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes，spliceosome，sphingolipid metabolism，endocytosis and so on. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison and Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality of 20 Potato Varieties ZHANG Fan, LI Yuan, CHEN Mengru, XING Yingying, WANG Xiukang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 28-36.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.004 Abstract （2811）      PDF （1368KB）（1824）       Knowledge map    Save The tuber yield per plant，starch content，reducing sugar content，soluble sugar content，vitamin C content and protein content of 20 potato varieties were analyzed，and the comprehensive evaluation of quality was done by principal component analysis，membership function method and cluster analysis，so as to screen out potato varieties with good quality and suitable for different processing purposes and cultivation in Yulin City. The results showed that there were great differences in quality indexes among different potato varieties.The variation coefficients of tuber yield per plant，starch content，reducing sugar content，soluble sugar content，vitamin C content and protein content were 46.76%，50.07%，50.66%，64.79%，33.72% and 68.10% respectively.The tuber yield per plant and starch content of Longshu 11 were the highest，the reducing sugar content of LZ112 was the highest，the soluble sugar content of Longshu 9 was the highest，the vitamin C content and protein content of Laohongpi were the highest.The results of principal component analysis showed that the quality indexes of 20 potato varieties could be expressed by four principal components（the cumulative variance contribution rate was 90.448%），and the representative indexes of each component were protein content，starch content，soluble sugar content and reducing sugar content respectively. Then，comprehensive evaluation was carried out by membership function method and cluster analysis.The results showed that seven varieties with better quality were screened out，accounted for 35.0% of the tested varieties，one variety（Dingshu 3）could be used for both vegetable and starch processing，one variety（Ganyinshu 1）could be used for whole flour processing and fried food processing，one variety（Longshu 11）could be used for starch processing after large⁃scale cultivation，two varieties（L08104⁃12 and Feurita）could be processed as whole flour，and two varieties（Jizhangshu 12 and Longshu 9）could be used for fried food processing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2019, 48 (7): 1-5.   Abstract （2454）      PDF （599KB）（816）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and Evaluation of Resistance to Stripe Rust of 480 Wheat Germplasms DAI Ziju, LI Wenxu, YANG Huimin, ZHU Xiuhua, WANG Yahuan, XU Fuxin, LIU Dongyang, HOU Jinna, QIN Maomao, WU Zhengqing, ZHOU Zhengfu, LEI Zhensheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (9): 1-15.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.001 Abstract （2450）      PDF （1619KB）（705）       Knowledge map    Save The main purpose of the present study is to understand the resistance to stripe rust and the utilization of stripe rust resistant genes in current bred wheat varieties,and find the varieties containing novel stripe rust resistant loci.Totally,480 domestic and foreign wheat germplasms were collected from various planting regions.The varieties were inoculated with mixed races of CYR32,CYR33 and CYR34 for testing the adult plant resistance.Simultaneously,the resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew was investigated in infected field.The KASP markers closely linked or co‑segregated with stripe rust,leaf rust and powdery mildew genes,Yr18/Lr34/Sr57/Pm38(7DS),Yr29/Lr46/Pm39/Sr58(1BL)and Yr30/Lr27/Sr2/Sb3(3BS),were selected for identifying the previous reported pleiotropic resistant genes.The results showed that there were 35(accounting for 7.29%)germplasms showed immunization to CYR32,CYR33 and CYR34,while the numbers of high‑resistant and medium‑resistant germplasms were 69(14.38%)and 79(16.46%),respectively.And the other 297(61.88%)germplasms demonstrated medium‑ or high‑ susceptible to the inoculated races.There were 13,10 and 7 germplasms containing the Yr18,and Yr29 and Yr30 genes,respectively;only 3 germplasms contained two of the resistant genes;no germplasm was detected with all the three resistant genes.In conclusion,183(accounting for 38.12%)germplasms showed resistant to stripe rust at adult plant stage,and 27 germplasms were detected with the above resistant genes.Yr18 or Yr30 gene showed resistant to the current races of stripe rust,however,the resistance level of Yr29 gene was partly lost at adult plant stage. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and Functional Analysis of Maize Stress Response Gene ZmTPR1 CAO Liru, LIANG Xiaohan, MA Chenchen, YE Feiyu, PANG Yunyun, LI Weiya, ZHANG Xin, LU Xiaomin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (1): 12-21.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.01.002 Abstract （2342）      PDF （2292KB）（309）       Knowledge map    Save On the basis of previous transcriptome sequencing of maize under drought‑rehydration treatment，ZmTPR1 （tetratricopeptide repeat 1）was identified in response to drought stress.Bioinformatics analysis was conducted，and expression pattern was analyzed in different tissues and under different stresses. The homologous gene AtTPR1 in Arabidopsis thaliana was knocked out by CRISPR‑Cas9 technology，the phenotype，physiological and biochemical indexes of homozygous mutant plants were analyzed under drought stress，and the function of this gene was preliminarily explored，which would provide genetic resources for breeding drought‑resistant maize varieties.The results showed that ZmTPR1 gene was located on chromosome 3 of maize，encoding 421 amino acids，containing a conserved coiled coil domain，and might be involved in the response of maize to plant hormones，drought and so on.ZmTPR1 gene expressed in all tissues of maize，with the highest expression level in young stems.Drought，high temperature，salt and nitrogen deficiency stresses could induce the expression of ZmTPR1 gene，and the expression level of ZmTPR1 gene was most up‑regulated after drought stress.The expression level of ZmTPR1 gene in drought‑resistant maize inbred line Zheng 36 was significantly higher than that in drought‑sensitive maize inbred line B73 after drought stress. Drought resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana decreased after AtTPR1 gene was knocked out，the growth of Attpr1 mutant was severely inhibited under drought stress，and the leaves were wilted or even dried out. At the same time，the relative water content，chlorophyll content，net photosynthetic rate，activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase significantly decreased，and the content of malondialdehyde significantly increased.In summary，ZmTPR1 gene is involved in the response of maize to various abiotic stresses，and plays an important role in drought stress. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2019, 48 (8): 1-6.   Abstract （2288）      PDF （843KB）（1485）       Knowledge map    Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Differential Analysis of Nutritional and Quality Components of Black and White Sesame JIA Bin, WANG Yun, YIN Haiyan, SHANG Bing, PAN Xianglei, WANG Huifeng, LI Shufang, LIU Dongmei, WEI Hong, FENG Shuhui, LIU Jihong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2020, 49 (5): 69-74.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.05.008 Abstract （2260）      PDF （1164KB）（706）       Knowledge map    Save To compare nutritional composition and quality difference between black and white sesame,317 local sesame resources in China were collected.The contents of oil,protein,fatty acids,amino acids,sesamin and sesamolin of sesame were determined and the correlations among the different component contents of these varieties were preliminarily analyzed.The results showed that the contents of fatty acids and amino acids of different sesame varied widely.The contents of oil,protein,sesamin and sesamolin in black and white sesame seeds were significantly different.Sesamin and sesamolin contents in white sesame variety were significantly higher than those in black sesame variety,and the correlation between sesamin content and sesamolin content in black variety was significantly higher than that in white variety.Arginine and glutamic acid were dominant in both colors of sesame and the content of isoleucine, leucine,phenylalanine and lysine in black sesame was significantly higher than that in white sesame.Oil content in sesame was significantly positively correlated with sesamin content and significantly negatively correlated with arachidic acid content in both colors of sesame.As the main saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid content was significantly positively correlated with oleic acid and arachidic acid contents,and significantly negatively correlated with linoleic acid content in sesame.There were great differences of sesame quality in different color varieties.The oil content of sesame seeds is significantly positively correlated with sesamin content,so simultaneous improvement of sesame variety with high oil and sesamin contents can be realized to promote the cultivation of new sesame variety with high oil and sesamin contents. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Stem Lodging Resistance of 145 Maize Inbred Lines ZHANG Fengqi, ZHANG Jun, MA Zhiyan, WU Xiaopan, ZHOU Qingwei, MU Xinyuan, TANG Baojun, LI Xin, XIA Laikun, DING Yong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (11): 34-40.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.11.004 Abstract （2082）      PDF （2064KB）（341）       Knowledge map    Save The plant height(PH),ear height(EH),stem rind penetrometer resistance(RPR),internode diameter(ID)and internode length(IL)were investigated under multiple environments with 145 maize inbred lines from home and abroad as materials.The excellent inbred lines with strong stem lodging resistance were screened out through correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis,so as to provide excellent germplasm resources for maize lodging resistance breeding.The results indicated that PH,EH,RPR,ID and IL were extremely significantly different among different maize inbred lines.The heritability of PH with 0.99 was the highest,followed by EH and RPR all with 0.97.The correlation analysis results showed that RPR was extremely significantly positively correlated with PH.The principal component analysis results showed that the first three principal components represented 77.02% of the information of the five traits of 145 maize inbred lines,and their contribution rates were 37.08%,21.94% and 18.00%,respectively. Based on the comprehensive evaluation and cluster analysis of lodging resistance of each inbred line,145 inbred lines were divided into 6 groups,13 inbred lines with strong lodging resistance,such as S268,S112,S135,S270,etc,were screened out. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Porcine Getah Virus ZHANG Yuyang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 15-22.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.002 Abstract （2062）      PDF （1296KB）（3933）       Knowledge map    Save Getah Virus（GETV） is an emerging insect‑borne pathogen that has caused reproductive disorders in pigs and high mortality in piglets in many countries in recent years，posing a major threat to global animal husbandry and public health. This virus is primarily transmitted by mosquito bites，which can cause widespread infection in pigs and significantly affect reproductive performance and health.In response to the spread of the epidemic，it is urgent to conduct research on genomic characterization and molecular evolution to guide vaccine design and optimize prevention and control strategies.At the same time，it is necessary to clarify the law of GETV transmission through epidemiological investigation and analyze the pathogenic mechanism in order to provide theoretical support for epidemic prevention and control.In addition，improving the accuracy and timeliness of early diagnosis has become a key link in prevention and control.In view of the critical role of early diagnosis in epidemic prevention and control，based on the latest research results，the pathogenic characteristics，epidemiological characteristics，pathogenic mechanism，diagnostic techniques and prevention and control strategies of GETV were systematically discussed，aiming to provide theoretical support for clinical prevention and control，and provide scientific basis for vaccine development，diagnostic technology innovation and prevention and control policy formulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and Evaluation of Maize Varieties with High Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Huang‑Huai‑Hai Region Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2021, 50 (10): 10-17.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.10.002 Abstract （2059）      PDF （2457KB）（648）       Knowledge map    Save Forty‑one summer maize varieties，which are composed of the main varieties and the varieties that will be spread in the future in maize production in Huang‑Huai‑Hai region，were selected as experimental materials.Two nitrogen（N）rates of 225 kg/ha（normal N rate）and 180 kg/ha（reducing 20% of normal N rate）were set up.The grain yields and N efficiencies of different maize varieties were analyzed under different N rates，maize varieties were divided into different types according to yield and N efficiencies，and maize varieties with high yield and N use efficiency were selected，so as to lay the foundation for reducing N fertilizer and increasing N use efficiency and protecting environment during maize production.The results indicated that Jingke 999（JK999）got the highest yield under the two N rates，and Zhongyu 303（ZY303）had higher yield. Shengyuan 96（SY96）got the lowest yield of 8.74 t/ha under normal N rate，while Longdan 639（LD639）got the lowest yield of 7.68 t/ha under reducing 20% of normal N rate.Cluster analysis showed that JK999 and ZY303 were the high‑yield varieties. The variation trend of N efficiency was consistent with yield of maize varieties under different N rates. The nitrogen efficiency classification result showed that，17 varieties including JK999 and ZY303 were high N efficiency type under both low and high N rates，5 varieties including Denghai 717（DH1717）and Youdi 919（YD919）were high N efficiency type under high N rate，5 varieties including Zhengdan 958（ZD958） and Jingnongke 728（JNK728）were high N efficiency type under low N rate. By considering the nitrogen efficiency and yield，JK999 and ZY303 could be used in large area as high‑yield and ‑N use efficiency varieties. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome Size，Ploidy and Phylogeny of Cyperus esculentus L. WANG Huiwei, ZHU Shixin, ZHANG Xinyou, WANG Yan, YANG Tiegang, ZHANG Xiangge, WANG Shufeng, LI Chunxin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (1): 34-41.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.01.004 Abstract （2026）      PDF （2024KB）（884）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the genome characteristics of the main varieties and characteristic germplasm of Cyperus esculentus L. in the Huang Huai region and the phylogenetic relationship between them and their related species，the genome size and ploidy of six C. esculentus L. materials were evaluated by flow cytometry and genome survey analysis，and the phylogenetic relationship between them and their related groups was analyzed based on the sequences of the external transcribed spacer（ETS） and internal transcribed spacer（ITS） of ribosomal DNA. The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the genomes of six C.esculentus L. materials were 0.808 6—0.858 5 Gb，with an average of 0.826 4 Gb；the results of genome survey analysis showed that the genome size，proportion of repetitive sequences，GC content and heterozygous ratio of the three tuber types of C.esculentus L. were 0.697 9 Gb，81.02%，34.7% and 0.28% for Yuyousha 2，0.778 7 Gb，84.45%，36.4% and 0.08% for Yuyousha 3.and 0.790 6 Gb，83.75%，34.9% and 0.19% for YYS‑4，respectively；genome survey analysis and pollen staining results showed that the three tuber types of C.esculentus L. were triploid. Phylogenetic analysis showed that six C. esculentus L. were clustered into C.esculentus L.branch，this branch was closely related to the branch composed of C.rotundus L. and C.glomeratus L.，they formed sister group，and formed C4 plant branch with C.iria L. ，C.glomeratus L. and C.cuspidatus H.B.K. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of Kidney Bean Varieties for Safe Production in Cadmium Polluted Farmland of Northwest Guizhou CHAI Guanqun, ZHOU Lixing, QIN Song, FAN Chengwu, LIU Guihua, WANG Li, JIANG Ya Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (6): 51-60.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.06.006 Abstract （1951）      PDF （1385KB）（775）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the differences in the absorption and enrichment of cadmium（Cd） by different kidney bean varieties and the effects of varieties and environment on them，and to screen out the Cd low⁃enriched kidney bean varieties suitable for planting in northwestern Guizhou，13 local kidney bean varieties were used as materials，and in the Cd⁃contaminated farmland of L site and Y site in northwestern Guizhou，a field plot experiment was conducted.The results showed that the variety，the environment and interaction between variety and environment had extremely significant effects on yield and Cd content of kidney bean，respectively. There was significant difference in Cd content of different kidney bean varieties in the same place. The maximum value of Cd（in Hongpiqiuzijiadou） and the minimum value of Cd（in Bangda No.2） could be 10 times different in the same place.The bioconcentration factor（BCFCd）of Cd in soils for different kidney bean varieties in L site and Y site were 0.06%—0.0% and 0.13%—0.93%，respectively.The Cd content of 13 tested kidney bean varieties showed the safe level.The yield of Bangda No.2 was the highest among the 13 varieties，reaching 18 513.6 and 19 287.9 kg/ha in L and Y sites，respectively.In summary，13 kidney bean varieties can be used as recommended varieties for Cd⁃contaminated areas in northwestern Guizhou，and Bangda No.2 was preferred because of its high yield and low Cd content. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of Cellulose and Lignin Degrading Bacteria and Their Effect on Composting of Mushroom Residue WANG Xianxin, QI Lihua, SONG Jiangfu, ZHANG Qingge, LIU Congcong, ZHANG Qi, SONG Feifei, XU Ailing Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (9): 66-79.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.007 Abstract （1951）      PDF （6107KB）（2102）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen high‑efficiency composite bacteria that promote the degradation of cellulose and lignin in the composting process of mushroom residue,sodium carboxymethyl cellulose plate method,Congo red staining method and lignin plate method were used for preliminary screening，combined with filter paper strip disintegration test,aniline blue decolorization rate determination and cellulose and lignin enzyme activity determination test for rescreening from the mushroom residue waste,and then they were used for aerobic composting test to study the physical and chemical parameters and microbial community changes in the process,and to evaluate their degradation ability of cellulose and lignin in mushroom residue.The results showed that the enriched cellulose‑degrading bacteria could completely degrade the filter paper within 6 days,and the activities of carboxymethyl cellulase(CMCase),filter paper enzyme(FPA),exoglucanase(C1)and β‑glucosidase(β‑Gase)reached 2.50,7.30,3.43 and 2.90 U/mL,respectively.The maximum decolorization rate of aniline blue reached 92.10% within 5 days by enriched lignin degrading bacteria，and the activities of lignin peroxidase(Lac),laccase(Lip)and manganese peroxidase(Mnp)reached 0.80,2.42 and 1.35 U/mL,respectively.The results of composting test showed that compared with the natural composting treatment(CK),the highest temperature of the pile body was 58.77℃,and the high temperature(>55℃)lasted for 5 days.The relative decomposition rate of cellulose and lignin increased by 35.83% and 54.33% respectively.The addition of microbial agents increased the richness of bacterial community in the middle stage of composting,and the relative abundance of Pseudomonas,Idiomarina,lutamicibacter,Thiopseudomonas,Globicatella,Pusillimonas,Lysobacter and Brumimicrobium increased. Redundancy analysis(RDA)results showed that temperature,pH value and electrical conductivity(EC value)were the significant factors affecting the composition of bacterial community in the middle stage of composting.In summary,the composite degrading bacteria screened in this study can effectively degrade cellulose and lignin,and prolong the high temperature period of composting Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Exogenous Hormones on Growth，Yield and Physiological Characteristics of Tigernut（Cyperus esculentus L.）under Drought Stress LIU Jiayao, CHENG Yan, WEI Zunmiao, LONG Wei, WANG Liang, MU Zhongsheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (11): 42-49.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.11.005 Abstract （1939）      PDF （7617KB）（110）       Knowledge map    Save In order to determine the optimal spraying concentration of exogenous hormones on tigernut under drought stress，Jisha No.2 was used as material，drought stress was simulated by 15% polyethylene glycol（PEG 6000）to study the effects of different concentrations of gibberellin（GA3，0.1，0.2，0.3，0.4，0.5 μg/L），melatonin（MT，20，40，60，80，100 μmol/L）and salicylic acid（SA，0.25，0.50，0.75，1.00，1.25 mmol/L） on the growth，yield，relative conductivity，chlorophyll content，proline content，malondialdehyde（MDA）content，superoxide dismutase（SOD）and peroxidase（POD）activities of tigernut seedlings.The results showed that under drought stress，spraying the three kinds of exogenous hormones could promote the growth and yield of tigernut，G3（0.3 μg/L），M3（60 μmol/L），S2（0.50 mmol/L）treatments had the best effect，the yields of which significantly increased by 38. 32%，31.73% and35.90% compared with the drought stress treatment（CK2）respectively. Under drought stress，spraying the three kinds of exogenous hormones could reduce the relative conductivity and MDA content in leaves，and increase the chlorophyll content，proline content，SOD and POD activities，alleviating the damage caused by drought stress to the seedlings of tigernut，the best treatments were G3，M3 and S2，respectively.Compared with CK2，for G3，M3 and S2 treatments，the relative conductivities significantly decreased by 54.92%，34.44% and 27.86%，chlorophyll contents obviously increased by 33.83%，19.03% and 15.84%，proline contents significantly increased by 478.88%，627.62% and 412.87%，MDA contents significantly decreased by 53.51%，53.43% and 54.75%，SOD activities increased by 0.95%，13.51%and 16.25%，POD activities increased by 1.80%，10.36% and 12.84%，respectively.In conclusion，under drought stress，spraying appropriate concentrations of GA3，MT and SA could promote the growth of tigernut，alleviate the damage caused by drought stress，and then increase the yield，overall the best concentrations of GA3，MT and SA were 0.3 μg/L，60 μmol/L and 0.50 mmol/L，respectively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of Callus Induction and Regeneration System of Cyperus esculentus ZHU Yajing, ZHANG Xiangge, XU Xinran, HU Haiyan, CHENG Shan, CHEN Chen, LI Chunxin, SONG Wanxian, SONG Wenxu, WANG Huiwei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (10): 73-81.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.009 Abstract （1938）      PDF （3147KB）（749）       Knowledge map    Save In order to establish an efficient callus induction and regeneration system of Cyperus esculentus,the explants（young root,young leaf,young leaf sheath and tillering node)for callus induction were screened,and the effects of different plant growth regulator combinations on callus induction,proliferation and differentiation were explored.The results showed that the best explant for callus induction of Cyperus esculentus was tillering node;the optimal plant growth regulator combination for callus induction was 2.5 mg/L 2,4⁃D+0.6 mg/L 6⁃BA+0.6 mg/L NAA+0.9 mg/L ZT,and the induction rate could reach 65.58%;the optimal plant growth regulator combination for callus proliferation was 0.5 mg/L 2,4⁃D+0.9 mg/L 6⁃BA+1.2 mg/L NAA+1.2 mg/L ZT,and the proliferation rate could reach 68.12%;the optimal plant growth regulator combination for callus differentiation was 0.9 mg/L 6⁃BA+0.6 mg/L NAA,and the differentiation rate could reach 66.67%.In this study,the best explants suitable for callus induction of Cyperus esculentus were screened,and the conditions of callus induction,proliferation and differentiation of Cyperus esculentus were optimized,which could lay a foundation for the subsequent research and breeding application of biotechnology such as somatic hybridization and genetic transformation of Cyperus esculentus. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of TCP Transcription Factors in Artemisia annua and Analysis of Their Expression Patterns under MeJA Treatment MA Qiyang, SONG Ge Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 62-74.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.007 Abstract （1925）      PDF （13374KB）（83）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the genome data of Artemisia annua，the TCP gene family members were identified，and their protein physicochemical properties，evolutionary relationships，and cis‑acting elements were analyzed. Transcriptome data were used to analyze the expression pattern of TCP transcription factors in Artemisia annua under different light treatments，and qRT‑PCR was used to detect their expression under methyl jasmonate（MeJA）treatment.The results showed that a total of 29 TCP genes（AaTCPs）were identified. AaTCPs differed greatly in protein physicochemical properties，in which the number of amino acids and protein molecular mass ranged from 132 to 443 and 14.60 to 47.86 ku，respectively，and the isoelectric points，instability indices，and fat coefficients were in the ranges of 5.67 to 9.99，33.28 to 69.77，and 51.70 to 77.40，respectively，and all of them were nuclear proteins.Phylogenetic relationships showed that AaTCPs could be classified into class Ⅰ（11）and class Ⅱ（18），unevenly distributed on eight chromosomes.The Motif number of AaTCPs ranged from 1 to 7，all of them contained one conserved TCP2 structural domain，and a large number of light‑，hormone‑，and stress‑responsive elements were present in their promoters.Protein interaction predictions revealed tight interactions among the protein members of AaTCPs except for AaTCP12 and AaTCP8.Transcriptome data showed that the expression levels of AaTCPs varied under different light treatments，and the expression of most genes was induced by light. qRT‑PCR analysis revealed that the expression of AaTCPs all increased to different degrees under MeJA treatment，showing dynamic changes with the extension of treatment time.In summary，the AaTCP gene family plays a significant role in light regulation and hormone response processes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Lightweight YOLO v5s Blueberry Detection Algorithm Based on Attention Mechanism LIU Yongmin, ZHANG Wei, MA Haizhi, LIU Yuan, ZHANG Yi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (3): 151-157.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.016 Abstract （1920）            Knowledge map    Save To achieve precise and rapid detection of blueberries in natural environments，an improved algorithm combining lightweight networks and attention mechanisms was proposed based on YOLO v5s.Firstly，the structure of the maximum object detection layer was removed at the positions of the backbone network and detection heads，thereby reducing the number of model parameters and enhancing the model’s ability to detect small targets. Secondly，MHSA（Multi‐head self‐attention）was used to replace the C3 module before SPPF（Spatial pyramid pooling‐fast），enabling the model to learn more comprehensive feature representations and enhancing its understanding of complex spatial relationships and contextual information in blueberry images. Finally，S‐PSA（Sequential polarized self‐attention）was added to the C3 module to better capture the contextual dependencies between adjacent regions in the feature map. The experimental results showed that the improved YOLO v5s algorithm improved the detection accuracy of mature blueberries，semi mature blueberries，and immature blueberries by 1.2，4.4，2.6 percentage points，respectively，with average accuracy increase of 2.7 percentage points and 76% reduction in model parameter count. Compared with the current mainstream lightweight object detection models，the improved model has superior performance and can provide an effective solution for the visual system of blueberry picking robots in natural environments. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Soybean and Maize Stubbles on Bacterial Community Structure and Function in Winter Wheat Rhizosphere Soil GUO Hui, LIAN Yanhao, ZHAO Zhibo, REN Yongzhe, WANG Zhiqiang, LIN Tongbao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (7): 79-89.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.07.009 Abstract （1903）      PDF （3686KB）（603）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the differences in the effects of maize stubble and soybean stubble in the Huang‑Huai‑Hai area，in 2023，rhizosphere soil samples at the jointing stage of winter wheat were collected under the conditions of long‑term positioning test fields for up to 4 years（2019—2023）.The responses of rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure and function to no nitrogen application（N0）and conventional nitrogen application（N240，pure nitrogen 240 kg/ha） were studied by using 16S high‑throughput sequencing technology combined with Tax4Fun2 function prediction analysis in the jointing stage of winter wheat under maize（M）stubble and soybean（S）stubble，respectively.There were four treatments（MN0，SN0，MN240，SN240）in total.The results showed that，at the phylum level，Proteobacteria，Acidobacteria，Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteriota were the dominant rhizosphere bacteria of winter wheat with a relative abundance of 66.66%—69.56%.Under N0 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in S stubble was significantly increased by 19.10% compared with that in M stubble（P<0.05），and under N240 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in S stubble was significantly increased by 11.90% compared with that in M stubble（P<0.05）.At the order level，Vicinamibacterales and Burkholderiales were the dominant bacteria with a relative abundance of 18.42%—19.68%. Under N0 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of Vicinamibacterales in S stubble was significantly reduced by 13.69% compared with that in M stubble（P<0.05）；The relative abundance of Burkholderiales was increased significantly by 11.31%（P<0.05）.Through the Tax4Fun2 function prediction and the KEGG data comparison，it was found that there were significant differences in the relative abundance of seven functional pathways under the metabolism category under N0 nitrogen application rate（P<0.05），and correlation analysis further revealed that there was a significant correlation between Vicinamibacterales and Burkholderiales and amino acid metabolism pathways（P<0.01）.There were 26 functional genes involved in soil nitrogen cycling pathway in winter wheat soil bacteria，and the relative abundance of denitrification functional genes accounted for the largest proportion.Under N0 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of denitrification functional genes norB，norC and nirS in M stubble was significantly higher than that in S stubble（P<0.05）.In conclusion，the stubble causes the soil bacterial community structure of winter wheat to change under different amount of nitrogen. Different stubble affects the nitrogen metabolism function of bacterial community by changing the structure of rhizosphere soil bacterial community. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Growth Response and Tolerance Evaluation of 32 Spinach Varieties to Cadmium Stress MIAO Mingjun, LI Jiajia, LEI Xiaokui, LIN Yang, LIAO Jichao, ZHONG Jian, LI Ju, LI Yuejian, CHANG Wei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (9): 108-116.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.011 Abstract （1891）      PDF （2257KB）（347）       Knowledge map    Save Cadmium(Cd)is a highly toxic heavy metal element.To identify Cd‑tolerant spinach varieties and screen related identification indexes,and provide a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of Cd‑tolerant varieties,in the present study,we conducted a hydroponic experiment using 32 spinach varieties in China.The spinach was exposed to Cd stress(Cd concentration of 50 μmol/L)for 20 days,while the other group of plants was treated as a control(Cd concentration of 0 μmol/L).After the plants reached maturity,we measured the agronomic traits and Cd content.The integrated Cd tolerance of each spinach variety was evaluated by principal component analysis,affiliation function analysis,and correlation analysis.The results showed that plant height,root length,underground fresh weight,aboveground fresh weight,aboveground Cd content,underground Cd content and translocation coefficient of the participating varieties under Cd stress conditions were significantly different from the control.Under Cd stress,the growth and biomass accumulation of spinach were inhibited,and the indicators of each trait decreased significantly.The order of average reduction of each agronomic index was aboveground fresh weight>plant height>underground fresh weight>root length.The principal component analysis of Cd stress tolerance index of the seven indexes was performed,and three principal components were selected，with a cumulative variance contribution of 81.552%;The composite evaluation value(D value)showed highly significant positive correlations(P<0.01)with plant height,underground fresh weight,aboveground fresh weight,aboveground Cd content,and translocation coefficient,which can be used as the preferred indexes for the evaluation of Cd tolerance in spinach.Based on the principal component analysis,we classified the 32 spinach varieties into three categories:Cd‑tolerant,moderate,and Cd‑sensitive varieties.Among the varieties tested,Jin’ge and Micro orchid exhibited strong Cd tolerance,while Desai 176 was found to be Cd‑sensitive. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome‐Wide Association Study and Candidate Gene Prediction of Arsenic Content in Wheat Grains SHI Xia, SUN Dongling, CHANG Yang, LI Wenxu, DAI Ziju, ZHOU Zhengfu, WU Zhengqing, LEI Zhensheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 21-32.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.003 Abstract （1879）      PDF （11294KB）（61）       Knowledge map    Save In order to provide a theoretical basis for the arsenic（As） biofortification breeding in wheat grains，an association population comprising 207 wheat varieties（lines）was used as material，genotyping was done by wheat 660K SNP array，combining with phenotypic data under different environments and best linear unbiased prediction（BLUP）value，a genome‐wide association study（GWAS）was conducted on As content in wheat grains，genetic loci were identified，and candidate genes associated with As content in wheat grains were predicted. The haplotype analysis and linear regression analysis methods were used to analyze the superior and inferior haplotypes of stable SNP loci associated with As content in wheat grains and their aggregated effect. The results showed that there were obvious variation in grain As content under multiple environments，and the grain As content exhibited a normal distribution.By using a mixed linear model（MLM），a total of 67 SNPs were identified to be significantly associated with grain As content at the genome‐wide level. Among these，six SNPs located on chromosomes 1A，2A，2D，3B，and 6B（AX‐110393422，AX‐110370420，AX‐109339465，AX‐109455432，AX‐109359598，AX‐111655266）were consistently detected under multiple environments，and were considered as stable quantitative trait nucleotides（QTNs）.Additionally，a SNP hotspot was identified at the end of chromosome 6B.The peak SNP AX‐111655266 was detected under all environments，which exhibited the strongest association with grain As content，explained the phenotypic variation of 15.14%—21.53% ，and was a major‐effect QTN.Based on public wheat expression profile data and differential expression analysis of candidate genes at 20 days post‐anthesis in the association population，combined with physical location and functional annotation information，candidate genes were predicted.The candidate gene TraesCS6B02G418600，tightly linked to SNP AX‐111655266，encoding a phosphate transporter PHO1‐like protein，which may be involved in transmembrane transport and signal transduction of As，was a major‐effect gene controlling grain As content in wheat. The candidate genes for the other five SNP loci were TraesCS1A02G346700，TraesCS2A02G106800，TraesCS2D02G171500，TraesCS3B02G131500，and TraesCS3B02G252500，encoding F‐box protein，thiamine pyrophosphokinase 1，GEM‐like protein 1，ubiquitin‐onjugating enzyme E2‐like protein，and protein phosphatase 2C family protein，respectively. They were candidate genes involved in regulating As accumulation in wheat grains.The grain As content in the superior haplotype group was significantly lower than that in the inferior haplotype group under all environments.Furthermore，as the number of superior haplotypes increased，the grain As content gradually decreased，demonstrating a clear additive effect. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Maturity Detection Method for Hemerocallis citrina Baroni Based on Improved YOLOv5 SHENG Bin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 145-153.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.016 Abstract （1875）      PDF （3862KB）（964）       Knowledge map    Save To unify identification standards and improve the detection accuracy and real‑time performance of mature Hemerocallis citrina Baroni picking，an improved GCS‑BI YOLOv5 image detection algorithm was proposed.Firstly，the Ghost lightweight neural networks were utilized to streamline the model structure and save computational resources.Secondly，in order to pay attention to the image channel information and position information simultaneously，efficient attention mechanisms，namely convolutional block attention module（CBAM）and squeeze‑and‑excitation（SE），were cross‑introduced to improve the image feature perception ability and model convergence speed.Then，a weighted bi‑directional feature pyramid network（BI FPN）was used to fuse the multi‑scale image information and improve the comprehensive detection performance of the model for different targets.The experimental results showed that compared with the original algorithm，the lightweight metrics such as the model volume，network layers，number of parameters，and floating‑point operation of the improved algorithm were reduced by 62.89%，33.12%，63.01%，68.39%，respectively.The performance metrics such as detection accuracy and recall rate were improved by 7.77，6.28 percentage points，respectively.Real‑time detection performance was improved by 33.81 f/s.It can be seen that the improved algorithm has better comprehensive performance and can meet the requirements of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni maturity detection. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on Chloroplast Genome of Paederia scandens WU Minhua, WU Zijian, YE Xiaoxia, TAN Jingyi, WANG Shen, HUANG Qionglin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (1): 70-77.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.01.008 Abstract （1850）      PDF （6478KB）（739）       Knowledge map    Save To elucidate the structure and sequence characteristics of chloroplast genome from Paederia scandens，the chloroplast genome sequencing was performed using high‑throughput sequencing technology，and then acquired sequence was assembled，annotated and analyzed via bioinformatics procedures.The results demonstrated that the chloroplast genome of P.scandens was a circular quadripartite molecule with a length of 153 456 bp and encoded 133 genes.Altogether 54 simple sequence repeats were detected in the plastome and the A/T mononucleotide was main type.A total of 26 983 codons were searched out and those with end of A/T were frequently used.Sequence alignment demonstrated more divergence in non‑coding region among five Rubiaceae species including P.scandens.Phylogenetic tree revealed close relationship of various chloroplast genome sequences of P.scandens and clearly displayed the evolutionary position of P.scandens in Rubiaceae. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Systems in Protoplasts of Setaria italica LIU Guangyu, XU Xiaojing, XIA Keke, SUN Haixi, TAO Yueru, CUI Zhen, GU Ying Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (1): 34-42.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.01.005 Abstract （1849）      PDF （1847KB）（1531）       Knowledge map    Save To optimize and screen efficient genome editing systems in millet（Setaria italica），multiple CRISPR/Cas9（clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISRP‐associated nuclease 9）genome editing systems were constructed with six kinds of gRNAs designed for phytoene desaturase（SiPDS） gene（gRNA1—gRNA2 for exon 1，gRNA3—gRNA6 for exon 12），and transformed into protoplasts of millet by polyethylene glycol‐mediated method. Then the mutation efficiency against SiPDS gene was rapidly detected by large‐scale parallel sequencing. The results showed that the protoplast transformation system established by the young stems of 7 day‐old millet etiolated seedlings had high transformation efficiency from 50. 44% to 57. 36%. Using this method，the gene editing systems with Cas9 gene driven by Super and Ubi promoters were transferred into millet protoplasts，the mutation efficiencies of SiPDS gene were 0. 5% and 5. 5% respectively. Thus，the Cas9 gene of gene editing systems with single gRNA，double gRNA or tRNA cassettes were driven by Ubi promoter，and mutation efficiency of SiPDS gene induced by these systems was compared. It was found that the mutation efficiencies of gene editing system with double gRNA cassettes such as Ubi‐dgRNAE1 and Ubi‐dgRNAE12 were 1. 66 and 1. 11 times higher than that with single gRNA system. The mutation efficiency induced by tRNA‐based system Ubi‐tRNA was 51. 24%，which was 5. 87 times higher than that with single gRNA system. Moreover，Ubi‐tRNA could simultaneously edit multiple sites of SiPDS gene，the multi‐site mutation frequency was 3. 23%. The cleavage activities in vitro of ribonucleoprotein（RNP）complexes which were mixture of gRNA3，gRNA4 or gRNA5 transcripts with Cas9 protein respectively were compared，it was found that RNP‐gRNA5 complex had the highest cleavage activity in vitro，the mutation efficiency of SiPDS gene was 2. 0%，and the dominant mutation type was deletion less than 3 bp. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2006, 35 (9): 30-32.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-3268.2006.09.009 Abstract （1838）      PDF （118KB）（867）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Analysis of Chromosome Sets Characteristics of Sesame Cultivated Species and Wild Species Based on FISH and GISH Technologies MA Qin, ZHAO Ruihong, JU Ming, CHEN Chengbin, DUAN Yinghui, YANG Weifei, MIAO Hongmei, ZHANG Haiyang, Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (10): 48-53.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.006 Abstract （1799）      PDF （2483KB）（369）       Knowledge map    Save To reveal the evolutionary characteristics of Sesamum,explore the genome structure revolution and species evolution,and promote the development and utilization of wild resources,the cultivated species S.indicum(var.Yuzhi 11)and the 2n=26 type wild species S.alatum(var.3651)were used as experimental materials,fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)and genome fluorescence in situ hybridization(GISH)techniques were used to analyze the chromosome sets characteristics of sesame cultivated species and wild species.The results showed that both the cultivated species Yuzhi 11 and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651)were 2n=2x=26 karyotype;the rDNA⁃FISH hybridization results indicated that in the 13 pairs of chromosomes of the cultivated species Yuzhi 11,3 pairs of chromosomes(the 7th,8th and 9th pairs)had 45S rDNA⁃specific signals at the short arm tips,which were displayed as satellite specific chromosome.At the same time,2 pairs of chromosomes(the 5th and 11th pairs)had 5S rDNA⁃specific signals on the short arms,with the 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA signals located on different chromosomes. In the wild species S.alatum(var.3651),2 pairs of chromosomes(the 4th and 7th pairs)carried 45S rDNA hybridization signals and 1 pair of chromosome(the 4th pair)carried 5S rDNA specific signals,with the 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA signals located on the same chromosome but at different positions.This indicated that there were significant differences in chromosome characteristics between the cultivated species and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651).The GISH hybridization results showed that when using the genomic DNA of the cultivated species Yuzhi 11 and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651)as probes for self⁃hybridization,each chromosome carried hybridization signals of varying strengths,while hybridization with the other’s chromosomes showed very few hybridization signals.The cultivated species and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651)have the same number of chromosomes,but there are clear differences in the quantity,distribution of rDNA,and GISH signal sites,indicating that the 2n=26 type cultivated species and wild species have distant phylogenetic relationship. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning of Maize ZmHY5 and ZmHY5L Genes and Their Transcriptional Abundance in Responses to Different Light Treatments YAO Shuaitao, WU Wenjing, WANG Shaoci, ZHAN Weimin, LIU Tong, JIANG Liangliang, YANG Jianping Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (3): 26-35.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.03.003 Abstract （1798）      PDF （2196KB）（551）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the function of maize（Zea mays）HY5（elongated hypocotyl 5）gene，two HY5 genes were cloned from maize inbred line B73，named ZmHY5 and ZmHY5L，respectively.Real‑time quantitative PCR（qRT‑PCR） was used to analyze the expression levels of ZmHY5 and ZmHY5L genes in different tissues of maize and their transcriptional abundance in responses to different light，conversion light and long and short sunshine treatments.The results showed that HY5 of Zea mays had similar domains and high amino acid sequence identity with those of Sorghum bicolor，Miscanthus lutarioriparius，Setaria italica and Arabidopsis thaliana，suggesting that they may have similar functions.The tissue expression patterns of ZmHY5 and ZmHY5L genes were similar，with the highest expression level in leaves，but the expression level of ZmHY5 gene was significantly higher than that of ZmHY5L gene.The response patterns of ZmHY5 and ZmHY5L genes to different continuous light were basically similar.ZmHY5 gene had the highest expression level under blue light condition，and more obvious response to darkness to white light.The response ability of ZmHY5L gene under long‑day condition was stronger than that of ZmHY5 gene，while ZmHY5 gene had stronger response ability in darkness phase under short‑day condition.Overall，ZmHY5 and ZmHY5L genes may play a role in maize photomorphogenesis and flowering regulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Nutritional Quality of Foxtail Millet Based on Principal Component Analysis and Membership Function Method ZHANG Aiqin, GUO Bin, LIU Lilong, LI Xuhua, WANG Qing, XU Rui, ZHANG Huan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 28-39.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.004 Abstract （1798）      PDF （4001KB）（196）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the characteristics of nutritional content of different foxtail millet varieties from Longzhong area in Gansu Province，establish a standard evaluation system of nutritional quality and screen the foxtail millet varieties with excellent nutritional quality，10 foxtail millet varieties from Longzhong area(Huining County，Baiyin City)in Gansu Province were used as materials，19 nutritional quality indexes including basic nutrients(moisture，ash，carbohydrate，protein，crude fat，starch，amylose，amylopectin contents and amylose/amylopectin)，functional nutrients(flavone，total phenol，crude polysaccharide contents)and mineral elements(Zn，Mn，Cu，Fe，Ca，Mg，Se contents)were measured，and principal component analysis and membership function methods were used to evaluate the nutritional quality of foxtail millet. The results showed that there was significant difference in the contents of 18 nutritional components excluding moisture content from 10 foxtail millet varieties，with variation coefficients ranging from 1.58% to 103.46%，which indicated that there was great difference in the individual nutritional quality index among different foxtail millet varieties. Protein，amylose，polysaccharide，Mg，Se and Zn contents were determined as core indexes for the evaluation of nutritional quality of foxtail millet by principal component analysis，correlation analysis and cluster analysis. The nutritional quality evaluation model was established by principal component analysis，and the top three foxtail millet varieties were M‑8(Longgu 23)，M‑10(Longgu 029)and M‑9(Longgu 032)based on the comprehensive score of nutritional quality，consistent with the results of the membership function evaluation，which indicated that these three varieties had better nutritional quality.Ten foxtail millet varieties could be divided into three categories by cluster analysis，and class Ⅱ included M‑8 and M‑9，whose comprehensive nutritional quality performed better. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Simultaneous Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Uptake and Accumulation of Cd by Pepper in Lime Soil CHAI Guanqun, LIU Guihua, LUO Muxinjian, WANG Li, QIN Song, FAN Chengwu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (9): 68-78.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.09.007 Abstract （1772）      PDF （1564KB）（1980）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the effect of combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on the uptake and accumulation of cadmium（Cd）by pepper in calcareous soil，and to provide scientific basis for the development of special carbon based fertilizer for pepper，pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of four amounts of biochar（180，270，360，450 mg/kg，expressed as B1，B1.5，B2，B2.5）combined with 180 mg/kg nitrogen fertilizer of three forms（amide nitrogen，ammonium nitrogen，nitrate nitrogen，expressed as UN，AN and NN）on pepper fruit yield，rhizosphere soil pH and available Cd content，as well as pepper’s absorption and accumulation of Cd.The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer form had a very significant effect on pH value and available Cd content of rhizosphere soil，the pH value of rhizosphere soil treated with UNB2 was the highest and the available Cd content was the lowest.The dry weight of fruit，leaf，stem and root in NNB2.5 treatment was the highest，and the dry weight of fruit was 37. 68 g/pot.The fruit dry weight of UNB2 treatment was 34.65 g/pot，which was not significantly different from that of NNB2.5 treatment.The content of Cd in fruit，stem and leaf of UNB2 treatment was the lowest，and the content of Cd in fruit was 0.032 mg/kg，which was lower than the limit standard（<0.05 mg/kg）in National Food Safety Standard for Contaminants in Foods（GB 2762—2017）.The transfer coefficient of Cd from different parts to fruit was TFfruit/stem>TFfruit/leaf>TFfruit/root.The correlation analysis of Cd content in fruit showed that Cd content in pepper fruit mainly came from the redistribution of shoot vegetative organs （stem and leaf）.The cumulative distribution of Cd in root of pepper was the largest.In conclusion，UNB2 was preferentially recommended as the formula of special carbon⁃based fertilizer for pepper to achieve the safe production of pepper in calcareous soil with Cd. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Salt Tolerance Co-expression Modules and Hub Genes in Ipomoea batatas by WGCNA ZHANG Yi, WU Wanyi, LIU Xiayu, ZHANG Jie, TANG Ruimin, JIA Xiaoyun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2021, 50 (6): 16-27.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.06.003 Abstract （1767）      PDF （6924KB）（671）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the salt tolerance genes in Ipomoea batatas,we selected the top 50%(32 147)genes with large expression variation among different samples using transcriptome data of sweet potato roots at different time under salt stress,and conducted weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA).The results showed that 20 co-expressed modules were constructed,among which six gene modules were significantly associated with salt stress in sweet potato.Among the six gene modules related to salt stress,Green module and Red module were positively correlated with the salt stress at 48 h,Black and Yellow modules were positively correlated with the salt stress at 12 h,and Midnightblue and Magenta modules were negatively correlated with the salt stress at 48 h.Four specific modules which were positively correlated with salt stress were further analyzed.GO enrichment analysis showed that the four modules were significantly enriched in many items related to salt tolerance,such as transmembrane transport,cell response stimulated by salicylic acid,response to abiotic stimuli and response to hypertonic stress.By calculating the module relationships of genes within the module,bHLH115(basic helix-loop-helix 115), HAK5(high affinity K+transporter 5), NAGS2 (N-acetyl-L-glutamate synthase 2), DUF699 (GNAT acetyltransferase),TLP5(tubby like protein 5)and other genes were found to be the hub genes of these four modules,and the functional prediction suggested that these genes might play important roles in the resistance against stress.Through constructing interaction networks of hub genes,we found that FAR1(farred-impaired response 1),NAC[NAM(no apical meristem),ATAF1(Arabidopsis transcription activation factor 1),ATAF2,CUC2(cup-shaped cotyledon 2)] family gene NAC2,HsfB2a(heat shock transcription factor B2a) and other genes had high interaction with hub genes. This study provides a new idea for further study on the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in sweet potato. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and Safety Evaluation of Post‑emergence Herbicides for Controlling Broadleaf Weeds in Sesame Fields SU Wangcang, NIU Yujia, YAN Zhaoling, DU Li, XUE Fei, SUN Lanlan, XU Hongle, WU Renhai, LIU Hongyan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (11): 101-108.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.11.011 Abstract （1763）      PDF （1267KB）（257）       Knowledge map    Save To explore safe and efficient chemical weed control technologies for sesame after emergence，the herbicides that exhibit high safety for sesame and have good control effects on broadleaf weeds were screened through indoor potting experiments and field trials. The results of the indoor trials showed that among the 17 broadleaf herbicides，only isoproturon and bentazone were discovered to be highly safe for sesame.Futher，the safety of isoproturon and bentazone to sesame and their control efficacy against broadleaf weeds were evaluated through field trials. The results showed that the treatment of isoproturon at 420—630 g/ha（active ingredient，the same below）caused phytotoxicity in sesame，such as the emergence of drug spots and growth inhibition，etc. Nevertheless，sesame growth recovered to normal within 30 d after the treatment. Sesame treated with 336—420 g/ha bentazone had significantly higher plant height than the control treatment at 30 d after the treatment，but was significantly lower than the artificial weeding treatment. The total plant control efficacy of isoproturon at 420—630 g/ha against broadleaf weeds such as Acalypha australis L.and Clinopodium polycephalum Vaniot was 84.00%—90.40%，the total fresh weight control efficacy was 87.62%—94.30%，and the sesame seed yield increased by more than 37%.The control efficacy of bentazone at a dosage of 336—504 g/ha against Acalypha australis L.was unsatisfactory，with the total plant control efficiency being lower than 40% and the total fresh weight control efficiency being lower than 57%，and sesame yield was merely increased by 11.53%—14.72%.In conclusion，the application of isoproturon at 420—630 g/ha during the 5—6 leaves stage of sesame is safe and can be used for the control of broadleaf weeds in sesame fields，presenting significant application prospects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Crop Leaf Diseases Based on Improved MobileNetV2 Model WANG Huanxin, SHEN Zhihao, LIU Quan, LIU Jinjiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 143-151.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.017 Abstract （1757）      PDF （2715KB）（583）       Knowledge map    Save In order to achieve convenient recognition of crop leaf disease images based on mobile，improve the efficiency of crop disease recognition and thus better guide crop disease control，a crop disease recognition model was established based on an improved lightweight convolutional neural network MobileNetV2.First，a crop dataset containing 15 types of diseased leaves and 4 types of healthy leaves was created and the data was balanced using data enhancement operations.Second，based on the improvement of MobileNetV2，efficient channel attention（ECA）and attentional feature fusion（AFF）were introduced，and the redundant layers were removed by model pruning，and a high⁃performance lightweight crop disease recognition model was proposed.The results showed that the number of parameters of the improved MobileNetV2 model was reduced by 15.37% compared with that of MobileNetV2，while the recognition accuracy was improved by 0.9 percentage points to 98.4% compared with that before the improvement.Compared with the classical convolutional neural network models such as EfficientNet⁃b0 and ShuffleNetV2⁃0. 5X，the improved model not only had the highest recognition accuracy，but also had a faster convergence rate during training. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Control Effect of the Mixture of Mesosulfuron⁃methyl and Pinoxaden on Aegilops tauschii and Lolium multiflorum in Wheat Field WU Renhai, XU Hongle, SUN Lanlan, SU Wangcang, WEI Hongmei, XUE Fei, LU Chuantao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (6): 103-110.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.011 Abstract （1735）      PDF （1384KB）（1413）       Knowledge map    Save To develop effective herbicides to control Aegilops tauschii and Lolium multiflorum in wheat fields，the synergistic effect of mesosulfuron⁃methyl mixed with pinoxaden was determined by indoor and field trials.The results of indoor test showed that when mesosulfuron⁃methyl∶pinoxaden was 1∶1，1∶2，1∶3，1∶4，1∶6，the cotoxicity coefficient（CTC） to control Lolium multiflorum was 37.37，189.10，287. 08，259.37，101.80，respectively，indicating that when the ratio of mesosulfuron⁃methyl and pinoxaden was 1∶2—1∶4，it had a significant synergistic effect. When mesosulfuron⁃methyl was mixed with 1，2，4，8 times of pinoxaden，the control effects on A.tauschii were 1.50，1.76，3.66 and 5.65 times of mesosulfuron⁃methyl. When the mixture of mesosulfuron⁃methyl and pinoxaden（1∶4）was at the dosage of（30+120），（60+240），（120+480）g/ha，the inhibition rate on wheat was 10. 28%—34.43%，and the addition of the safener mefenpyr⁃diethyl could restore the growth of wheat to the normal level（spraying water）.The control effect on A. tauschii with the mixed treatment of 3% mesosulfuron⁃methyl OD18 g/ha+5% pinoxaden EC 45—67.5 g/ha was 89. 28%—91. 83%，which was significantly higher than that with 3% methyldisulfuron OD 18 g/ha（83.28%）.The results of regional test showed that the treatment of 3% mesosulfuron⁃methyl OD 13.5 g/ha+5% pinoxaden EC 54 g/ha generated fresh weight control effect of 99.79% on L.multiflorum and wheat yield increased by 17.43%. Above all，the mixture of mesosulfuron⁃methyl and pinoxaden has a good application prospect in controlling A. tauschii and L.multiflorum. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Cold Resistance of Wheat FANG Yuhui, HAN Liupeng, HUA Xia, ZHAO Mingzhong, GUO Rui, QI Xueli, HU Lin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (4): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.04.001 Abstract （1708）      PDF （1275KB）（3177）       Knowledge map    Save The freeze injury is a frequent natural disaster in wheat production，which is one of the important environmental factors restricting wheat yield and quality. In this paper，the type of wheat freeze injury，the physiological mechanism（cell membrane system，osmotic adjustment substances，antioxidant system，photosynthetic characteristics and endogenous hormones）and molecular mechanisms（cold resistant genes，cold resistant omics） of wheat cold resistance were summarized. The problems and solutions in the study of wheat cold resistance were also discussed，which provided an important reference for the research of cold resistance mechanism and breeding of wheat. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Silicon and Selenium on Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Enzyme System of Cucumber Seedlings under Cadmium Stress YU Minmin, FAN Wenhua, LIU Fenwu, TIAN Ludan, WANG Gailing, MENG Qinghui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (1): 116-124.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.01.012 Abstract （1692）      PDF （1494KB）（790）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the effects of silicon（Si）and selenium（Se）on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme system of cucumber seedlings under cadmium（Cd） stress in calcareous soil，and provide a theoretical basis for the application of Si and Se in alleviating Cd toxicity，pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of single or simultaneous application of Si（300 mg/kg）and Se（2，4 mg/kg）on cucumber seedling growth，chlorophyll content，photosynthetic parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity under Cd（5 mg/kg）stress. The results showed that Cd stress had obvious toxic effects on plant growth，leaf photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities in cucumber seedlings. Compared with blank control，the chlorophyll content，net photosynthetic rate（Pn），transpiration rate（Tr） and stomatal conductance（Gs）of cucumber leaves under Cd treatment were decreased significantly，the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration（Ci）increased significantly，the activities of peroxidase（POD），superoxide dismutase（SOD） and catalase（CAT） decreased significantly，while the content of malongizldehyde（MDA）increased significantly. Cd toxicity was alleviated under the application of 300 mg/kg Si or 2，4 mg/kg Se，which could promote the growth of cucumber，increase the chlorophyll content and Pn，Tr，Gs and POD，SOD，CAT activities of cucumber leaves，and reduce the Ci and MDA content. The effect of simultaneous application of Si and Se was more obvious than that of single application of Si or Se，and the application of 300 mg/kg Si and 2 mg/kg Se had the best effect. Compared with single application of Cd，Pn，Tr and Gs of cucumber leaves significantly increased by 18.53%，42.67% and 87.50%，respectively，Ci significantly decreased by 35.61%，POD，SOD and CAT activities significantly increased by 87.65%，32.40% and 23.58%，respectively，and MDA content significantly decreased by 42. 68%.The results show that applying Si and Se in calcareous soil can alleviate the toxicity of Cd to cucumber，enhance the photosynthesis of cucumber leaves and improve the activity of antioxidant enzyme system，and the simultaneous application of Si and Se has a certain synergistic effect. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and Analysis of Amylase Genes Related to Pre⁃harvest Sprouting Resistance in Wan 1329 Based on Transcriptome Sequencing WANG Zhen, ZHANG Bin, SHI Lichao, LIU Rui, LI Jinxiu, ZHOU Ran, YANG Ling, ZHAO Qian, LI Jinbang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (12): 32-39.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.12.004 Abstract （1692）      PDF （6482KB）（78）       Knowledge map    Save Using Jimai 22 with high sensitivity to pre⁃harvest sprouting（PHS）as the control，the PHS resistance and α⁃amylase activities of the new white⁃grain wheat variety Wan 1329 and its parent Lianmai 2 were analyzed. During the critical period when α⁃amylase activity changed，transcriptome sequencing，KEGG and GO enrichment analysis were employed to identify differentially expressed amylase genes，and real⁃time fluorescence quantitative PCR（qRT⁃PCR）was used for verification their expression patterns.In addition，AlphaFold was employed to analyze the effects of coding sequence variations on protein structure. The results showed that both Wan 1329 and Lianmai 2 exhibited moderate resistance to PHS，while Wan 1329 had a lower relative germination index，indicating stronger resistance. At 24 h after seed imbibition，the α⁃amylase activities of Wan 1329 and Lianmai 2 were markedly lower than that of Jimai 22，and α⁃amylase activities at 20 h，24 h，and 72 h were highly positively correlated with the relative germination index. Transcriptome sequencing，KEGG and GO enrichment analysis revealed that two α⁃amylase genes located on the long arm of chromosome 6D， TraesCS6D02G313300 and TraesCS6D02G313500，were candidate α⁃amylase genes. The third exon of TraesCS6D02G313500 in Wan 1329 was elongated by 138 bp，extending into the 3´UTR region.qRT⁃PCR validation confirmed that the expression patterns of both genes were consistent with transcriptome analysis，and the cumulative relative expression level of TraesCS6D02G313500 in Wan 1329 was significantly lower than that in Lianmai 2.AlphaFold prediction suggested that this variation caused a C⁃terminal extension of α⁃amylase，resulting in decreased structural stability and increased conformational flexibility.Collectively，TraesCS6D02G313300 and TraesCS6D02G313500 are key genes related to PHS resistance in Wan 1329，among which the structural variation of TraesCS6D02G313500 may further enhance resistance to PHS. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of Nitrogen Efficient Varieties and Construction of Nitrogen Efficiency Assessment System at Seedling Stage of Sesame（Sesamum indicum L.） ZHANG Pengyu, GAO Tongmei, SU Xiaoyu, LI Feng, WANG Dongyong, TIAN Yuan, LU Hailing, MIAO Hongmei, WEI Shuangling Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (6): 54-66.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.006 Abstract （1688）      PDF （5236KB）（537）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen the sesame varieties with high nitrogen efficiency from different sesame varieties and construct an assessment system of nitrogen efficiency at seedling stage，the physiological and nitrogen efficiency traits of 18 sesame varieties at seedling stage under different nitrogen levels were measured.The variation coefficient，correlation analysis，principal component analysis，path analysis，membership function analysis and grey correlation degree analysis were used to screen nitrogen efficient varieties，determine nitrogen efficient evaluation traits，and construct nitrogen efficient evaluation system at the seedling stage of sesame.The results showed that among different varieties，there were significant differences in various traits under different nitrogen levels.Under normal and high nitrogen levels，the variation coefficients of nitrogen content and nitrogen utilization efficiency of plants showed lower than those of low nitrogen level.Under different nitrogen treatments，there was a significant or very significant positive correlation among stem dry weight，leaf dry weight，root nitrogen absorption efficiency and leaf nitrogen absorption efficiency of sesame varieties.The 18 varieties were divided into three grades by the European distance longest distance method，among them，Zhengtaizhi No.3 and Zhengzhi HL05 were nitrogen efficient varieties，Fusui Sanhe black sesame and Burmese prolific were nitrogen inefficient varieties.Under different nitrogen levels，the stem fresh weight，leaf fresh weight，leaf dry weight and stem dry weight were all highly correlated with the comprehensive score of nitrogen efficiency，which were important traits for screening of nitrogen efficient sesame varieties.Under different nitrogen levels，the two nitrogen efficient varieties showed higher advantages in root fresh weight and dry weight，and the two sesame cultivars with high nitrogen efficiency under low nitrogen level had higher taproot length，nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency in various tissues than those under normal and high nitrogen levels.At seedling stage，low nitrogen level was more suitable for screening nitrogen efficient sesame varieties，and the nitrogen use efficiency of sesame was mainly determined by the nitrogen uptake efficiency. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Depth on Root Distribution，Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization and Yield of Foxtail Millet ZHU Cancan, FU Senjie, QIN Na, WANG Chunyi, DAI Shutao, SONG Yinghui, WEI Xin, LI Junxia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (12): 22-30.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.12.003 Abstract （1683）      PDF （1455KB）（778）       Knowledge map    Save In order to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of phosphate fertilizer in foxtail millet production，a field experiment was conducted with four phosphate fertilizer application depths of 5 cm（P5），10 cm（P10），15 cm（P15）and 20 cm（P20）with no phosphate fertilizer application as control（CK），and the effects of phosphorus fertilizer application depth on root distribution，dry matter accumulation and transportation，nitrogen uptake and utilization，and yield of foxtail millet were studied.The results showed that suitable application depth of phosphate fertilizer promoted the growth of foxtail millet roots，and increased root length，root surface area and dry weight of root，showing a trend of P15>P10>P5>P20>CK. With the increase of phosphate fertilizer application depth，the root length，root surface area and dry weight of root of foxtail millet in deep soil increased，and the values showed P20>P15>P10>P5>CK in 20—40 cm soil layer. Suitable application depth of phosphate fertilizer could promote dry matter accumulation and transportation of foxtail millet. Compared with P5 treatment，the dry matter accumulations at maturity of P10，P15 and P20 treatments increased by 4.60%，10.29% and 0.92%，respectively，and the dry matter transfer rates increased by 6.49%，10.06% and -20.13%，respectively.Deep application of phosphate fertilizer increased the uptake and utilization of nitrogen by roots in deep soil.The available nitrogen content in deep soil，especially in the 20—40 cm soil layer，significantly decreased compared with P5 treatment. Compared with P5 treatment，the total nitrogen accumulations of P10，P15 and P20 treatments increased by 3.91%，17.85% and 5.31% at maturity，respectively；nitrogen absorption efficiencies increased by 5.88%，19.12% and 7.35%，and partial productivities of nitrogen increased by 18.95%，32.88% and -1.26%，respectively. Suitable application depth of phosphate fertilizer increased grain weight per spike，yield and harvest index，which all showed P15>P10>P5>P20>CK，the yields of P10 and P15 treatments increased by 18.98% and 32.86% compared with P5 treatment，respectively，and the yield of P20 treatment decreased by 1.27% compared with P5 treatment.In conclusion，15 cm is the optimal depth of phosphorus fertilizer application，which can promote the growth and down lapping of foxtail millet roots，improve the uptake and utilization of nitrogen by roots in soil，promote the accumulation and transportation of dry matter，and increase the yield by 32.86% compared with the shallow application of phosphorus fertilizer at 5 cm. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics