Effect of Colchicine Mutagenesis on Emergence Rate and Quality of Tigernut（Cyperus esculentus L.）

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.11.006

Abstract

Abstract: In order to determine the half‑lethal dose for colchicine mutagenesis of tigernut（Cyperus esculentus L.）tuber and obtain high quality variant germplasm resources，the tubers before and after germination were mutagenized with different concentrations（0，1，2，3，4 g/L）of colchicine，the emergence rate was calculated one month later，and the quality was tested by the near‑infrared（NIR）grain analyzer after maturity.The results showed that whether mutagenesis was done before or after germination，the emergence rate of tigernut decreased with the increase of colchicine concentration and mutagenesis time，colchicine concentration had extremely significant effect on the emergence rate，mutagenesis time had significant effect on the emergence rate.Before germination，tigernut tuber was more sensitive to colchicine，the half‑lethal dose of colchicine was lower than that of mutagenesis after germination，and mutagenesis before germination could cause bud deformity，but buds of mutagenesis treatment after germination did not obviously change.On the principle of low mutagenesis concentration and short mutagenesis time to half‑lethal dose，the optimal half‑lethal dose of colchicine was colchicine concentration of 1 g/L，mutagenesis for 24 hours before germination of tigernut tuber.By testing，one germplasm resource with starch content higher than 32% and six germplasm resources with total sugar content higher than 36% in tuber were obtained，which layed the foundation for high‑quality breeding.

Key words: Tigernut（Cyperus esculentus L.）, Colchicine mutagenesis, Half?lethal dose, Emergence rate, Quality

摘要： 为确定油莎豆块茎秋水仙素诱变半致死剂量，获得高品质变异种质资源，分别以萌发前和萌发后油莎豆块茎为试验材料，利用不同质量浓度秋水仙素（0、1、2、3、4 g/L）进行诱变处理，1个月后计算出苗率，成熟收获后采用近红外谷物分析仪进行品质检测。结果表明，无论是萌发前还是萌发后诱变处理油莎豆出苗率总体上均随着秋水仙素质量浓度和诱变时间的增加而降低，秋水仙素质量浓度对萌发前和萌发后诱变处理出苗率均有极显著影响，诱变时间对萌发前和萌发后诱变处理出苗率均有显著影响；萌发前油莎豆块茎对秋水仙素更敏感，其半致死剂量低于萌发后诱变处理，且萌发前诱变可致油莎豆芽畸形，萌发后诱变处理芽无明显变化。以诱变质量浓度低且诱变时间短达到半致死剂量为原则，秋水仙素质量浓度1 g/L、诱变萌发前油莎豆块茎24 h为其最适诱变半致死剂量。对块茎品质进行检测，获得淀粉含量高于32%的高品质变异材料1份，总糖含量高于36%的高品质变异材料6份，为油莎豆高品质育种奠定了基础。

关键词: 油莎豆, 秋水仙素诱变, 半致死剂量, 出苗率, 品质

CLC Number:

S565.9

WEI Zunmiao, LIU Jiayao, CHENG Yan, WANG Zhanhai, XU Fangda, CHEN Xin, MU Zhongsheng. Effect of Colchicine Mutagenesis on Emergence Rate and Quality of Tigernut（Cyperus esculentus L.）[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 51(11): 50-55.

魏尊苗, 刘佳遥, 程艳, 王占海, 许方达, 陈欣, 牟忠生. 秋水仙素诱变对油莎豆出苗率及品质的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2022, 51(11): 50-55.

References

［1］阳振乐.油莎豆的特性及其研究进展［J］.北方园艺，2017（17）：192‑201.
YANG Z L.Characteristics and Research Progress of Cyperus esculentus L.［J］.Northern Horticulture，2017（17）：192‑201.
［2］中国油脂植物编写组. 中国油脂植物［M］.北京：科学出版社，1987：33‑35.
Chinese Oil Plant Writing Group. Chinese oil plant［M］.Beijing：Science Press，1987：33‑35.
［3］MULLIGAN G.The biology of Canadian weeds. 17.Cyperus esculentus L. Canad.［J］.J Plant，1976，56（2）：339‑350.
［4］何嘉欣，罗永坚，周素婷，等.EMS诱变对油莎豆种子萌发特性的影响研究［J］.广东石油化工学院学报，2019，29（6）：40‑42，47.
HE J X，LUO Y J，ZHOU S T，et al.Study of mutagenesis with EMS for seed germination of Cyperus esculentus L.［J］．Journal of Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology，2019，29（6）：40‑42，47.
［5］瞿素萍，王继华，张颢，等.多倍体育种在园艺作物中的应用［J］.北方园艺，2003（6）：58‑60.
QU S P，WANG J H，ZHANG H，et al.Application of polyploid breeding in horticultural crops［J］.Northern Horticulture，2003（6）：58‑60.
［6］刘孟军，刘平，蒋洪恩，等.四倍体鲜食枣新品种‘辰光’［J］.园艺学报，2010，37（9）：1539‑1540.
LIU M J，LIU P，JIANG H E，et al.A new tetraploidy table Chinese jujube cultivar ‘Chenguang’［J］.Acta Horticulturae Sinica，2010，37（9）：1539‑1540.
［7］马荣群，张蕊芬，宋正旭，等.红果肉苹果‘红脆甜’多倍体诱导研究［J］.果树学报，2020，37（10）：1499‑1505.
MA R Q，ZHANG R F，SONG Z X，et al.A study on the induction of polyploidy in red‑fleshed apple‘Hongcuitian’［J］.Journal of Fruit Science，2020，37（10）：1499‑1505.
［8］刘美妍，周国彦，李晓丽，等.秋水仙素对华北型密刺黄瓜的诱变效应［J］.中国瓜菜，2021，34（11）：10‑16.
LIU M Y，ZHOU G Y，LI X L，et al.Mutagenesis effect of colchicine on north China cucumber with dense thorny［J］.China Cucurbits and Vegetables，2021，34（11）：10‑16.
［9］张娜，孙玉宏，丁鸣，等.黄瓤西瓜四倍体的诱导与鉴定［J］.中国蔬菜，2012（6）：89‑92，110.
ZHANG N，SONG Y H，DING M，et al.Inducement and identification of yellow flesh tetraploid watermelon［J］.China Vegetables，2012（6）：89‑92，110.
［10］符勇耀，杨利平，郑开敏，等.药用万寿菊多倍体的诱导与特征分析［J］.热带作物学报，2021，42（5）：1318‑1325.
FU Y Y，YANG L P，ZHENG K M，et al.Induction and characterization of medicinal polyploid Tagetes erecta［J］.Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops 2021，42（5）：1318‑1325.
［11］吴琼.油莎豆再生体系的建立及多倍体诱导［D］.兰州：兰州大学，2009.
WU Q.The regeneration system of yellow nutsedge and the polyploid induction［D］.Lanzhou： Lanzhou University，2009.
［12］李佳婷.油莎豆的组织培养及多倍体诱导［D］. 广州：仲恺农业工程学院，2019.
LI J T.Tissue culture and polyploid induction of yellow nutsedge（Cyperus esculentus L. ）［D］.Guangzhou：Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering，2019.
［13］任雪羽.木槿种子的秋水仙素和EMS诱变与鉴定［D］.长沙：中南林业科技大学，2019.
REN X Y.Study on mutation and identification of Hibiscus syriacus seeds by colchicine and EMS［D］.Changsha：Central South University of Forestry and Technology，2019.
［14］任威威.秋水仙素对花生种子萌发和植株生长发育的影响［D］.郑州：河南农业大学，2018.
REN W W.Effects of colchicine on the seed germination and growth of peanut（Arachis hypogaea） plants［D］.Zhengzhou：Henan Agricultural University，2018.
［15］祝朋芳，肖丽.秋水仙素诱导菊花变异的研究［J］.西北林学院学报，2010，25（3）：80‑83.
ZHU P F，XIAO L.Colchicine induced mutation of Dendranthema morifolium［J］.Journal of Northwest Forestry University，2010，25（3）：80‑83.
［16］彭丹.秋水仙素诱导优质抗热四倍体不结球白菜的研究［D］.南京：南京农业大学，2015.
PENG D.Study on induction autotetraploid non‑heading Chinese cabbage with high quality and heat resistance［D］.Nanjing：Nanjing Agricultural University，2015.
［17］陆建农，施玉珍，陈海标，等.秋水仙素诱导同源四倍体葛薯的研究［J］.热带作物学报，2018，39（5）：840‑845.
LU J N，SHI Y Z，CHEN H B，et al.Induction of autotetraploid pueraria with colchicine［J］.Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops，2018，39（5）：840‑845.
［18］郭启高，宋明，杨天秀，等.西瓜试管苗中四倍体鉴定方法研究［J］.西南农业大学学报，2000，22（3）：261‑262.
GUO Q G，SONG M，YANG T X，et al.Study on identification methods for tetraploids from Tube cultured seedlings of watermelon（Cltrullus vulgaris）［J］.Journal of Southwest University，2000，22（3）：261‑262.
［19］FOLLAK S，BELZ R，BOHREN C，et al.Biological flora of central europe：Cyperus esculentus L［J］.Perspectives in Plant Ecology，Evolution and Systematics，2016，23：33‑51.

[1]	LI Junxia, MA Xiaoqian, DAI Shutao, QIN Na, SONG Yinghui, ZHU Cancan, LIU Haixia, JIN Songcan. Research Progress on Quality Traits of Foxtail Millet [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(9): 14-23.
[2]	ZHAO Biao, FENG Xu, HE Fumeng, XU Yongqing, SHI Qihai, FENG Yanzhong, LI Fenglan. Preparation of EM Selenium‑Enriched Yeast Agent and Its Application in Selenium‑Enriched Rice Production [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(8): 26-35.
[3]	XIE Wenxiao, JIANG Xiuying, LÜ Jun, PAN Zhengyan, HAN Yong, WANG Qingxin, LI Jianguo. Effect of Functional Leaves at Different Positions on Grain Filling Characteristics and Quality of Different Panicle Types of Rice Varieties [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(8): 36-44.
[4]	LIU Yajun, WANG Wenjing, LI Min, HU Qiguo, WANG Honggang, CHU Fengli. Effects of Different Herbicide Reduction and Adjuvant Combination on Weed Control，Growth，Yield and Quality of Sweet Potato [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(3): 91-100.
[5]	MENG Linfeng, YANG Xiangfei, WU Qingyang, SONG Meiling, ZHANG Wenmei, WANG Libing, CUI Fangfang, ZHANG Zhigao, ZHU Xiaowen, LIU Qiyuan. Research on the Amount Reduction and Efficiency Increase of Chemical Pesticide in Flue‑cured Tobacco Based on Chinese Herbal Compound [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(2): 103-112.
[6]	XU Mengzhu, YANG Xiaohui, LIU Yan, SHI Yu, SONG Hongxia, ZHANG Yi. Effects of Combined Application of Calcium and Zinc on Fruit Quality of Different Tomato Varieties [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(2): 124-135.
[7]	ZHANG Kai, CHEN Mingrui, LIU Qiuyuan. Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Application Rate with Increased Density on Yield and Quality of Indica‑Japonica Hybrid Rice [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(10): 14-21.
[8]	GAO Ming, ZHANG Hongzhao, GAO Fugao, WANG Guoyuan, LI Jie, SUN Shuya, WANG Yu, WANG Liudong, LEI Tian, ZHANG Junsong, LIANG Miao. Effect of Cut Tobacco Width on the Ash Integrity，Mainstream Smoke and Sensory Quality of Medium‑sized Cigarette [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(10): 172-180.
[9]	CHEN Peiyu, SHI Qiuhuan, MA Junhong, LI Lihua, LI Haohao, SONG Zhengxiong, DAI Xiaoyan. Evaluation of the Effect of Fertilizer Operation Mode on Yield and Quality of Flue‑cured Tobacco in Western Henan Based on Fuzzy Mathematics [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(1): 42-52.
[10]	MA Yushan, FAN Yingying, LIU Min, QIN Qiaomei, WANG Yan, WANG Cheng, ZHANG Ruili. Effects of Biological Inducers and Fungicides on Black Spot Disease Resistance of Xinjiang Jujube [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 51(7): 112-122.
[11]	MA Hongyan, NIE Zhaojun, LIU Hongen, LI Chang, QIN Shiyu, ZHAO Peng. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Selenium Application Method on Yield and Mineral Element Accumulation in Grain of Winter Wheat [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 51(5): 10-22.
[12]	NIE Xinxing, ZHANG Minmin, DUAN Xiaoli, WU Maoqian, FENG Jingyun, LIU Bo, ZHOU Lei, YANG Li. Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate on Yield，Nitrogen UtilizationEfficiency and Quality of Different Indica Rice Varieties（Lines）with High Quality [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 51(3): 30-37.
[13]	ZHANG Dan. Effect of Reduced Application of Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Application of Bio⁃organic Fertilizer and Irrigation Amount on Yield and Quality of Garlic [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 51(3): 139-145.
[14]	LIU Jiayao, CHENG Yan, WEI Zunmiao, LONG Wei, WANG Liang, MU Zhongsheng. Effects of Exogenous Hormones on Growth，Yield and Physiological Characteristics of Tigernut（Cyperus esculentus L.）under Drought Stress [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 51(11): 42-49.
[15]	LI Jinhua, SHU Wentao, CHANG Shihao, YANG Qingchun, ZHANG Donghui, ZHANG Baoliang, GENG Zhen. Analysis of Yield and Quality of Soybean Varieties in Regional Trial in Henan Province from 1985 to 2020 [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 51(1): 50-59.