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A Maturity Detection Method for Hemerocallis citrina Baroni Based on Improved YOLOv5 SHENG Bin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 145-153.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.016 Abstract （1548）      PDF （3862KB）（168）       Knowledge map    Save To unify identification standards and improve the detection accuracy and real‑time performance of mature Hemerocallis citrina Baroni picking，an improved GCS‑BI YOLOv5 image detection algorithm was proposed.Firstly，the Ghost lightweight neural networks were utilized to streamline the model structure and save computational resources.Secondly，in order to pay attention to the image channel information and position information simultaneously，efficient attention mechanisms，namely convolutional block attention module（CBAM）and squeeze‑and‑excitation（SE），were cross‑introduced to improve the image feature perception ability and model convergence speed.Then，a weighted bi‑directional feature pyramid network（BI FPN）was used to fuse the multi‑scale image information and improve the comprehensive detection performance of the model for different targets.The experimental results showed that compared with the original algorithm，the lightweight metrics such as the model volume，network layers，number of parameters，and floating‑point operation of the improved algorithm were reduced by 62.89%，33.12%，63.01%，68.39%，respectively.The performance metrics such as detection accuracy and recall rate were improved by 7.77，6.28 percentage points，respectively.Real‑time detection performance was improved by 33.81 f/s.It can be seen that the improved algorithm has better comprehensive performance and can meet the requirements of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni maturity detection. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of TCP Transcription Factors in Artemisia annua and Analysis of Their Expression Patterns under MeJA Treatment MA Qiyang, SONG Ge Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 62-74.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.007 Abstract （1521）      PDF （13374KB）（38）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the genome data of Artemisia annua，the TCP gene family members were identified，and their protein physicochemical properties，evolutionary relationships，and cis‑acting elements were analyzed. Transcriptome data were used to analyze the expression pattern of TCP transcription factors in Artemisia annua under different light treatments，and qRT‑PCR was used to detect their expression under methyl jasmonate（MeJA）treatment.The results showed that a total of 29 TCP genes（AaTCPs）were identified. AaTCPs differed greatly in protein physicochemical properties，in which the number of amino acids and protein molecular mass ranged from 132 to 443 and 14.60 to 47.86 ku，respectively，and the isoelectric points，instability indices，and fat coefficients were in the ranges of 5.67 to 9.99，33.28 to 69.77，and 51.70 to 77.40，respectively，and all of them were nuclear proteins.Phylogenetic relationships showed that AaTCPs could be classified into class Ⅰ（11）and class Ⅱ（18），unevenly distributed on eight chromosomes.The Motif number of AaTCPs ranged from 1 to 7，all of them contained one conserved TCP2 structural domain，and a large number of light‑，hormone‑，and stress‑responsive elements were present in their promoters.Protein interaction predictions revealed tight interactions among the protein members of AaTCPs except for AaTCP12 and AaTCP8.Transcriptome data showed that the expression levels of AaTCPs varied under different light treatments，and the expression of most genes was induced by light. qRT‑PCR analysis revealed that the expression of AaTCPs all increased to different degrees under MeJA treatment，showing dynamic changes with the extension of treatment time.In summary，the AaTCP gene family plays a significant role in light regulation and hormone response processes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of Callus Induction and Regeneration System of Cyperus esculentus ZHU Yajing, ZHANG Xiangge, XU Xinran, HU Haiyan, CHENG Shan, CHEN Chen, LI Chunxin, SONG Wanxian, SONG Wenxu, WANG Huiwei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (10): 73-81.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.009 Abstract （1467）      PDF （3147KB）（64）       Knowledge map    Save In order to establish an efficient callus induction and regeneration system of Cyperus esculentus,the explants（young root,young leaf,young leaf sheath and tillering node)for callus induction were screened,and the effects of different plant growth regulator combinations on callus induction,proliferation and differentiation were explored.The results showed that the best explant for callus induction of Cyperus esculentus was tillering node;the optimal plant growth regulator combination for callus induction was 2.5 mg/L 2,4⁃D+0.6 mg/L 6⁃BA+0.6 mg/L NAA+0.9 mg/L ZT,and the induction rate could reach 65.58%;the optimal plant growth regulator combination for callus proliferation was 0.5 mg/L 2,4⁃D+0.9 mg/L 6⁃BA+1.2 mg/L NAA+1.2 mg/L ZT,and the proliferation rate could reach 68.12%;the optimal plant growth regulator combination for callus differentiation was 0.9 mg/L 6⁃BA+0.6 mg/L NAA,and the differentiation rate could reach 66.67%.In this study,the best explants suitable for callus induction of Cyperus esculentus were screened,and the conditions of callus induction,proliferation and differentiation of Cyperus esculentus were optimized,which could lay a foundation for the subsequent research and breeding application of biotechnology such as somatic hybridization and genetic transformation of Cyperus esculentus. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Analysis of Chromosome Sets Characteristics of Sesame Cultivated Species and Wild Species Based on FISH and GISH Technologies MA Qin, ZHAO Ruihong, JU Ming, CHEN Chengbin, DUAN Yinghui, YANG Weifei, MIAO Hongmei, ZHANG Haiyang, Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (10): 48-53.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.006 Abstract （1420）      PDF （2483KB）（81）       Knowledge map    Save To reveal the evolutionary characteristics of Sesamum,explore the genome structure revolution and species evolution,and promote the development and utilization of wild resources,the cultivated species S.indicum(var.Yuzhi 11)and the 2n=26 type wild species S.alatum(var.3651)were used as experimental materials,fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)and genome fluorescence in situ hybridization(GISH)techniques were used to analyze the chromosome sets characteristics of sesame cultivated species and wild species.The results showed that both the cultivated species Yuzhi 11 and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651)were 2n=2x=26 karyotype;the rDNA⁃FISH hybridization results indicated that in the 13 pairs of chromosomes of the cultivated species Yuzhi 11,3 pairs of chromosomes(the 7th,8th and 9th pairs)had 45S rDNA⁃specific signals at the short arm tips,which were displayed as satellite specific chromosome.At the same time,2 pairs of chromosomes(the 5th and 11th pairs)had 5S rDNA⁃specific signals on the short arms,with the 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA signals located on different chromosomes. In the wild species S.alatum(var.3651),2 pairs of chromosomes(the 4th and 7th pairs)carried 45S rDNA hybridization signals and 1 pair of chromosome(the 4th pair)carried 5S rDNA specific signals,with the 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA signals located on the same chromosome but at different positions.This indicated that there were significant differences in chromosome characteristics between the cultivated species and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651).The GISH hybridization results showed that when using the genomic DNA of the cultivated species Yuzhi 11 and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651)as probes for self⁃hybridization,each chromosome carried hybridization signals of varying strengths,while hybridization with the other’s chromosomes showed very few hybridization signals.The cultivated species and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651)have the same number of chromosomes,but there are clear differences in the quantity,distribution of rDNA,and GISH signal sites,indicating that the 2n=26 type cultivated species and wild species have distant phylogenetic relationship. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Growth Response and Tolerance Evaluation of 32 Spinach Varieties to Cadmium Stress MIAO Mingjun, LI Jiajia, LEI Xiaokui, LIN Yang, LIAO Jichao, ZHONG Jian, LI Ju, LI Yuejian, CHANG Wei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (9): 108-116.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.011 Abstract （1385）      PDF （2257KB）（84）       Knowledge map    Save Cadmium(Cd)is a highly toxic heavy metal element.To identify Cd‑tolerant spinach varieties and screen related identification indexes,and provide a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of Cd‑tolerant varieties,in the present study,we conducted a hydroponic experiment using 32 spinach varieties in China.The spinach was exposed to Cd stress(Cd concentration of 50 μmol/L)for 20 days,while the other group of plants was treated as a control(Cd concentration of 0 μmol/L).After the plants reached maturity,we measured the agronomic traits and Cd content.The integrated Cd tolerance of each spinach variety was evaluated by principal component analysis,affiliation function analysis,and correlation analysis.The results showed that plant height,root length,underground fresh weight,aboveground fresh weight,aboveground Cd content,underground Cd content and translocation coefficient of the participating varieties under Cd stress conditions were significantly different from the control.Under Cd stress,the growth and biomass accumulation of spinach were inhibited,and the indicators of each trait decreased significantly.The order of average reduction of each agronomic index was aboveground fresh weight>plant height>underground fresh weight>root length.The principal component analysis of Cd stress tolerance index of the seven indexes was performed,and three principal components were selected，with a cumulative variance contribution of 81.552%;The composite evaluation value(D value)showed highly significant positive correlations(P<0.01)with plant height,underground fresh weight,aboveground fresh weight,aboveground Cd content,and translocation coefficient,which can be used as the preferred indexes for the evaluation of Cd tolerance in spinach.Based on the principal component analysis,we classified the 32 spinach varieties into three categories:Cd‑tolerant,moderate,and Cd‑sensitive varieties.Among the varieties tested,Jin’ge and Micro orchid exhibited strong Cd tolerance,while Desai 176 was found to be Cd‑sensitive. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc Application on Filling Characteristics of Grains at Different Positions of Maize Ear ZHANG Panpan, LI Chuan, ZHANG Meiwei, YU Xiaohong, MU Weilin, GUO Hanxiao, QIAO Jiangfang, ZHANG Guitang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (9): 16-27.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.002 Abstract （1260）      PDF （1837KB）（69）       Knowledge map    Save The high Zn efficiency variety Zhengdan 958(ZD958)and Zn no‑sensitive variety Longping 638(LP638)were used as materials.The field plot experiment was conducted with three N rates[225 kg/ha(HN),180 kg/ha(MN)and 90 kg/ha(LN)]and two foliar Zn treatments［no Zn(F0),spraying Zn of 1∶1 at jointing stage and flare opening stage(F1)],and the effects of N and Zn application on the filling characteristics of grains at different positions and their relationship with grain yield of different Zn efficiency varieties were studied,so as to provide reference for N and Zn application in the maize production.The results showed that HN treatment had the highest yield,followed by MN treatment,and there was no significant difference between HN treatment and MN treatment.HN treatment increased grain weight at different positions.MN treatment delayed the time with the maximum grain‑filling rate(TGmax)at different positions,and increased the maximum grain‑filling rate(Gmax)at upper position and active grain‑filling period(D)at basal position of ZD958 ear,while HN treatment delayed TGmax,prolonged D of different positions,and enhanced the grain weight with the maximum grain‑filling rate(WGmax)at upper and basal positions of LP638 ear,thus increasing grain yield.Compared with F0 treatment,F1 treatment significantly decreased the bare tip length by 9.9%,significantly increased the yield by 2.0%,increased the grain weight,extended D and postponed TGmax at upper and basal positions of ZD958 ear,and increased WGmax.The grain yield was significantly positively correlated with TGmax at basal position of ear,and the grain weight at middle position of ear was extremely significantly positively correlated with the grain weight at basal position of ear.To sum up,applying 180 kg/ha N and spraying 4.5 kg/ha Zn of 1∶1 at jointing stage and flare opening stage can delay TGmax at upper and basal positions of ear，extend D,and increase WGmax and grain weight of high Zn efficiency maize genotype,thus promoting the increase of yield. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of HSF Gene Family in Eucommia ulmoides and Its Expression Analysis under Adverse Stresses WU Shujuan, XU Feng, WANG Guangan, WANG Chen Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (9): 46-56.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.005 Abstract （1236）      PDF （6355KB）（166）       Knowledge map    Save Heat shock transcription factors（HSFs）play important roles in plant growth and development and in response to abiotic stresses.In order to understand the information of HSF gene family members in Eucommia ulmoides and reveal the structural characteristics and expression patterns of EuHSFs,this study analyzed the physicochemical properties,protein structure,phylogeny,gene structure,conserved domains,promoter cis‑acting elements,and the expression patterns of EuHSF genes in different developmental periods and abiotic stresses by bioinformatics methods and qRT‑PCR.The results showed that a total of 21 EuHSF genes were identified from Eucommia ulmoides,which differed in protein properties,with amino acid numbers,protein theoretical molecular masses,isoelectric points and instability coefficients ranging from 68—369,7.72—42.06 ku,4.31—9.22,and 7.05—67.28,respectively,and mainly consisted of acidic,hydrophilic,and unstable nuclear proteins.Phylogeneticanalysis showed that EuHSFs were divided into three subgroups,including ClassⅠ(1 EuHSF),ClassⅡ(7 EuHSFs)and ClassⅢ(13 EuHSFs),and promoter cis‑acting element analysis revealed that a large number of light‑responsive and hormone‑responsive elements in EuHSF genes.In addition,EuHSF genes were expressed at different developmental periods in Eucommia ulmoides leaves,but there were significant differences in the expression patterns. qRT‑PCR revealed that all EuHSFs responded to different abiotic stresses(high temperature,low temperature,high salinity,and drought),e.g.,most of the EuHSFs showed elevated expression under high‑temperature stress with the prolongation of the treatment time，and they were strongly responsive to both high and low temperatures.In summary,the EuHSF gene family has the function of regulating plant response to abiotic stresses. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Complete Gene Sequencing of Bacilus subtilis Isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa and Study of Genes Related to Growth‑promoting Effects LA Guixiao, WANG Linlin, GUO Junqi, ZHAO Yulong, GUO Hongxia, JIA Hui, YANG Tiegang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 75-85.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.008 Abstract （1122）      PDF （3510KB）（104）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the genes associated with the growth‑promoting effects of Bacillus subtilis in Rehmannia glutinosa，whole genome sequencing was performed in this study and the genes associated with the growth‑promoting effects were discovered through functional annotation.The results showed that the genome size of Bacillus subtilis，an endophytic growth‑promoting bacterium of Rehmannia glutinosa，was 4 310 699 bp，with a GC content of 43.44%，and a total of 4 521 predicted coding genes.A total of 3 013，3 354，4 395，206，52，and 212 functional genes were annotated in the clusters of orthologous groups（COG） ，gene ontology（GO） ，kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） ，carbohydrate‑active enzymes（CAZyme），comprehensive antibiotic resistance database（CARD），and virulence factor database（VFDB），respectively.The annotation results indicated that there were 46 genes related to growth‑promoting function，with the majority of these genes involved in phosphorus solubilization，nitrogen fixation，and iron carrier processes.In the meantime，anti‑SMASH predicted that a total of 409 genes were enriched into 12 secondary metabolite synthesis gene clusters，with the majority encoding eight repressors，including fengycin，1‑carbapen‑2‑em‑3‑carboxylic acid，bacillaene，bacilysin，subtilosin A，surfactin，pulcherriminic acid，and bacillibactin.Among these，pulcherriminic acid and bacillibactin had been observed to facilitate the chelation of ferric ions in the surrounding environment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Metabolites Mining and Path Enrichment Analysis of Tigernut Tuber Formation GUO Xiaoyang, LA Guixiao, XU Xinran, YU Yange, DAI Dandan, LI Yanpeng, WANG Yanhong, GUO Hongxia, YANG Tiegang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 30-43.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.004 Abstract （866）      PDF （4749KB）（178）       Knowledge map    Save In order to dig out the key metabolites in the process of forming tubers by the stolons of tigernut and regulate the stolons to form more tubers，the stolons and new tubers were taken as the research objects，and untargeted metabolomics analysis was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography Abstract：In order to dig out the key metabolites in the process of forming tubers by the stolons of tigernut and regulate the stolons to form more tubers，the stolons and new tubers were taken as the research objects，and untargeted metabolomics analysis was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography combined with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.And then，the differential metabolites related to the formation of tubers were screened by multivariate statistical method，and KEGG metabolic pathways associated with differential metabolites were enriched.The results showed that a total of 1 217 metabolites were detected in unexpanded stolons（PFJ1），expanded stolons（PFJ2）and new tubers（JD1）.According to the conditions of VIP（Variable importance in the projection）>1，P<0.05 and FC（Fold change）>2 or FC<0.5，35 differential metabolites were screened for JD1 vs PFJ1，of which 26 were up‑regulated and nine were down‑regulated；JD1 vs PFJ2 identified 57 differential metabolites，of which 50 were up‑regulated and seven were down‑regulated；PFJ2 vs PFJ1 identified 39 differential metabolites，of which three were up‑regulated and 36 down‑regulated. The metabolites were identified as amino acids and their derivatives，nucleotides and their derivatives，organic oxygen compounds，flavonoids，phenylpropanes，phenols and so on. The relative content analysis of differential metabolites showed that the content of glutathione in JD1 was 14.021 times that in PFJ1 and 29.195 times that in PFJ2.The content of 3‑methy‑L‑histidine in JD1 was 10.463 times that in PFJ1 and 129.931 times that in PFJ2.The content of kaempferol in JD1 was 0.421 times that in PFJ1 and 0.358 times that in PFJ2.KEGG pathway analysis of differentially expressed metabolites was further conducted，and they were mainly concentrated into KEGG pathways such as aminoacyl‑tRNA biosynthesis，arginine and proline metabolism，alanine，aspartic acid and glutamate metabolism，phenylalanine metabolism，flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis.In summary，amino acids and flavonoids were the main metabolites related to the formation of tubers，and the metabolic pathways were mainly concentrated in aminoacyl‑tRNA biosynthesis and flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis.   Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and Safety Evaluation of Post‑emergence Herbicides for Controlling Broadleaf Weeds in Sesame Fields SU Wangcang, NIU Yujia, YAN Zhaoling, DU Li, XUE Fei, SUN Lanlan, XU Hongle, WU Renhai, LIU Hongyan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (11): 101-108.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.11.011 Abstract （651）      PDF （1267KB）（74）       Knowledge map    Save To explore safe and efficient chemical weed control technologies for sesame after emergence，the herbicides that exhibit high safety for sesame and have good control effects on broadleaf weeds were screened through indoor potting experiments and field trials. The results of the indoor trials showed that among the 17 broadleaf herbicides，only isoproturon and bentazone were discovered to be highly safe for sesame.Futher，the safety of isoproturon and bentazone to sesame and their control efficacy against broadleaf weeds were evaluated through field trials. The results showed that the treatment of isoproturon at 420—630 g/ha（active ingredient，the same below）caused phytotoxicity in sesame，such as the emergence of drug spots and growth inhibition，etc. Nevertheless，sesame growth recovered to normal within 30 d after the treatment. Sesame treated with 336—420 g/ha bentazone had significantly higher plant height than the control treatment at 30 d after the treatment，but was significantly lower than the artificial weeding treatment. The total plant control efficacy of isoproturon at 420—630 g/ha against broadleaf weeds such as Acalypha australis L.and Clinopodium polycephalum Vaniot was 84.00%—90.40%，the total fresh weight control efficacy was 87.62%—94.30%，and the sesame seed yield increased by more than 37%.The control efficacy of bentazone at a dosage of 336—504 g/ha against Acalypha australis L.was unsatisfactory，with the total plant control efficiency being lower than 40% and the total fresh weight control efficiency being lower than 57%，and sesame yield was merely increased by 11.53%—14.72%.In conclusion，the application of isoproturon at 420—630 g/ha during the 5—6 leaves stage of sesame is safe and can be used for the control of broadleaf weeds in sesame fields，presenting significant application prospects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Status and Research Progress of Bioaugmentation Technology in Agricultural Waste Composting Treatment TIAN Jingjie, CUI Erping, LIU Chuncheng, HU Chao, LI Zhongyang, CUI Bingjian Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (11): 1-16.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.11.001 Abstract （490）      PDF （1510KB）（181）       Knowledge map    Save Composting treatment is one of the crucial approaches to achieve the harmlessness and resource utilization of agricultural wastes.Nevertheless,conventional composting methods suffer from issues such as a prolonged fermentation period,low conversion efficiency,significant nutrient loss，difficult control of secondary pollution,as well as the emission of odors and greenhouse gases.Microorganisms have emerged as effective means to address the aforementioned problems due to their characteristics of promoting decomposition,deodorization,emission reduction,and enhancing fertilizer efficacy.Regarding the bioaugmentation technology for composting using agricultural wastes as raw materials，this paper summarizes the application and research progress of bioaugmentation technology in the composting process of agricultural wastes at home and abroad from aspects such as the types of functional microbial strains and screening,the construction of complex microbial agents,the functions of microorganisms,and the influencing factors and mechanisms of bioaugmentation.Moreover,it explores the existing problems in the composting process of agricultural wastes and proposes the development trends and countermeasure suggestions for the resource treatment and utilization of agricultural wastes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Breeding of New Wheat Germplasms with Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight by Backcross Transformation Combined with Molecular Marker‑Assisted Selection LI Zhengling, HAN Liupeng, ZHAO Mingzhong, QI Xueli, ZHANG Yu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 23-30.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.003 Abstract （478）      PDF （1987KB）（85）       Knowledge map    Save In order to determine the effects of resistance genotypes and backcross times on Fusarium head blight（Fhb）resistance and agronomic traits of progeny materials，the main resistance genes Fhb1，Fhb2 and Fhb7 were pyramided in Zhengmai 1860，which was a widely planted variety in southern Huanghuai，by backcross transformation and molecular marker‑assisted selection.The Fhb resistance and main agronomic traits of different genotypes and backcross generations were analyzed.The results showed that Fhb1，Fhb2 and Fhb7 could increase the Fhb resistance by 38.9%—76.9%，and there was no significant correlation between these three resistance genes and the bad agronomic traits such as high culm，low density spikelet and low thousand‑grain weight. The percentage of scabbed spikelets of BC1F2，BC2F2，BC3F2 populations in two years were 37.8%，31.4%，37.8% and 43.4%，45.8% 43.3%，respectively.Fhb resistance did not decrease with the increase of backcross times. With the increase of backcross times，the plant height of the progeny population materials decreased from 84.95 cm to 70.49 cm，the number of fruiting spikelets per panicle increased from 20.48 to 21.24，the panicle length increased from 10.23 cm to 10.49 cm，and the thousand‑grain weight increased from 37.36 g to 44.80 g.The main agronomic traits of the progeny population materials after three backcrosses were similar to those of the resistance gene receptor parent variety.The new germplasms Zhengzi2021CH182‑33 and Zhengzi2021CH182‑41 bred in this study with excellent comprehensive agronomic properties and Fhb resistance can be further used as disease‑resistance parents. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Nitrogen Inhibitors HUANG Boxuan, ZHENG Cangsong, SUN Miao, SHAO Jingjing, FENG Weina, LI Pengcheng, DONG Helin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.001 Abstract （476）      PDF （1303KB）（257）       Knowledge map    Save Nitrogen inhibitors have the advantages of increasing crop yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency，and reducing nitrogen application costs and environmental pollution risks，providing a technological pathway for the green and efficient development of modern agriculture.They mainly included nitrification inhibitors and urease inhibitors.This article summarized the research and development history，mechanism of action，and application effects of nitrification inhibitors and urease inhibitors，and prospected their future research directions，in order to provide reference for the development and utilization of nitrogen inhibitors. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Impact of Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Respiration ZHU Leyang, ZHANG Xizhe, TAO Jiang, WANG Xiu, HAN Yanying, YE Yanhui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (10): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.001 Abstract （439）      PDF （1280KB）（237）       Knowledge map    Save Nitrogen deposition，as a critical ecological factor in the soil ecosystem，significantly affects the structure and function of ecosystems.To systematically elucidate the impact of nitrogen deposition on soil respiration，the effects of nitrogen deposition on soil root respiration，soil microorganism respiration，soil animal respiration and chemical oxidation of soil carbon⁃containing minerals were reviewed，and the specific effects of different nitrogen deposition gradients on soil respiration were analyzed.In order to provide a theoretical reference for subsequent in⁃depth monitoring and research of soil respiration and related life activities，the future research directions in the field of soil respiration were prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of Cellulose and Lignin Degrading Bacteria and Their Effect on Composting of Mushroom Residue WANG Xianxin, QI Lihua, SONG Jiangfu, ZHANG Qingge, LIU Congcong, ZHANG Qi, SONG Feifei, XU Ailing Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (9): 66-79.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.007 Abstract （383）      PDF （6107KB）（236）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen high‑efficiency composite bacteria that promote the degradation of cellulose and lignin in the composting process of mushroom residue,sodium carboxymethyl cellulose plate method,Congo red staining method and lignin plate method were used for preliminary screening，combined with filter paper strip disintegration test,aniline blue decolorization rate determination and cellulose and lignin enzyme activity determination test for rescreening from the mushroom residue waste,and then they were used for aerobic composting test to study the physical and chemical parameters and microbial community changes in the process,and to evaluate their degradation ability of cellulose and lignin in mushroom residue.The results showed that the enriched cellulose‑degrading bacteria could completely degrade the filter paper within 6 days,and the activities of carboxymethyl cellulase(CMCase),filter paper enzyme(FPA),exoglucanase(C1)and β‑glucosidase(β‑Gase)reached 2.50,7.30,3.43 and 2.90 U/mL,respectively.The maximum decolorization rate of aniline blue reached 92.10% within 5 days by enriched lignin degrading bacteria，and the activities of lignin peroxidase(Lac),laccase(Lip)and manganese peroxidase(Mnp)reached 0.80,2.42 and 1.35 U/mL,respectively.The results of composting test showed that compared with the natural composting treatment(CK),the highest temperature of the pile body was 58.77℃,and the high temperature(>55℃)lasted for 5 days.The relative decomposition rate of cellulose and lignin increased by 35.83% and 54.33% respectively.The addition of microbial agents increased the richness of bacterial community in the middle stage of composting,and the relative abundance of Pseudomonas,Idiomarina,lutamicibacter,Thiopseudomonas,Globicatella,Pusillimonas,Lysobacter and Brumimicrobium increased. Redundancy analysis(RDA)results showed that temperature,pH value and electrical conductivity(EC value)were the significant factors affecting the composition of bacterial community in the middle stage of composting.In summary,the composite degrading bacteria screened in this study can effectively degrade cellulose and lignin,and prolong the high temperature period of composting Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Alleviating Continuous Cropping Obstacles by Allium L.Plants GUO Jianing, LI Nannan, LI Kun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 11-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.002 Abstract （299）      PDF （1333KB）（342）       Knowledge map    Save Soil continuous cropping obstacles commonly occur in many plants，such as grain crops，fruit trees，vegetables，Chinese herbal medicines and others，restricting the healthy and sustainable development of the industry.Intercropping，rotation and relay intercropping are important agricultural management measures，and they can regulate the microecological environment of rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping，reducing the harm of continuous cropping.Allium L.plants contain various biologically active components such as organic sulfur compounds，saponins，flavonoids，and other compounds.They are often used as an intercropping，rotation or relay intercropping crop to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles.This paper expounded the alleviative effects of Allium L.plants on continuous cropping obstaces，and the alleviating mechanism of Allium L.plants on continuous cropping obstacles was discussed from photosynthetic characteristics，antioxidant enzyme activity，root exudate characteristics and soil nutrients，enzyme activity and microorganisms quantity and community structure.The components contained in root exudates and plant volatiles of Allium L.plants were analyzed.Finally，the research direction of mechanisms of Allium L.plants alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and the development of active substances were proposed，which laid a theoretical foundation for further application of Allium L.plants in alleviating continuous cropping obstacles. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Combination of Bacillus velezensis EA19 and Carbendazim to Control Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat WANG Wenxiao, LIU Meiling, QUE Yawei, ZHENG Lei, ZHANG Qiang, YU Dazhao, YANG Lijun, GONG Shuangjun, ZENG Fansong, LI Li Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (10): 117-126.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.013 Abstract （299）      PDF （1965KB）（109）       Knowledge map    Save In order to determine the controlling efficacy of Bacillus velezensis EA19 combined with chemical agents on Fusarium head blight（FHB），the optimal combination ratio was determined by the mycelium growth rate method，plate colony counting method and Horsfall method，and then verified by detached wheat spikes inoculation tests and field trials.The results showed that the inhibition rates of spray powder and freeze⁃dried powder of EA19 fermentation broth on the mycelial growth of Fusarium graminearum and F.asiaticum at different concentration were 22.53%—93.96%,and the EC50 values were in the range of 5. 794 4—10. 916 4 cfu/mL.The strain EA19 had good biocompatibility with 25—100 μg/mL carbendazim，but not with 25—100 μg/mL prochloraz and tebuconazole.When carbendazim was combined with spray powder or freeze⁃dried powder of EA19 at the volume ratio of 6∶4,7∶3 and 8∶2,the co⁃toxicity to F.graminearum and F.asiaticum was the highest,and the greatest toxicity ratio was 1.15—1.36 in these ratios.The control efficacy on FHB of detached wheat spikes by the combination of carbendazim and two types of EA19 powder with a concentration of EC50 in different volume ratios was 47.91%—73.50%.In field trials,when treated with the combination of EA19 freeze⁃dried powder with 30% reduced carbendazim，the control efficacy(53.76%),deoxynivalenol toxin content in wheat grains(0.50 mg/kg),and theoretical wheat yield(5 994.35 kg/ha)were not significantly different from those treated with full dosage of carbendazim.In conclusion,B.velezensis EA19 and carbendazim have synergistic effect in the control of FHB，and their combination can reduce the dosage of carbendazim. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and Evaluation of Resistance to Stripe Rust of 480 Wheat Germplasms DAI Ziju, LI Wenxu, YANG Huimin, ZHU Xiuhua, WANG Yahuan, XU Fuxin, LIU Dongyang, HOU Jinna, QIN Maomao, WU Zhengqing, ZHOU Zhengfu, LEI Zhensheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (9): 1-15.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.001 Abstract （294）      PDF （1619KB）（200）       Knowledge map    Save The main purpose of the present study is to understand the resistance to stripe rust and the utilization of stripe rust resistant genes in current bred wheat varieties,and find the varieties containing novel stripe rust resistant loci.Totally,480 domestic and foreign wheat germplasms were collected from various planting regions.The varieties were inoculated with mixed races of CYR32,CYR33 and CYR34 for testing the adult plant resistance.Simultaneously,the resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew was investigated in infected field.The KASP markers closely linked or co‑segregated with stripe rust,leaf rust and powdery mildew genes,Yr18/Lr34/Sr57/Pm38(7DS),Yr29/Lr46/Pm39/Sr58(1BL)and Yr30/Lr27/Sr2/Sb3(3BS),were selected for identifying the previous reported pleiotropic resistant genes.The results showed that there were 35(accounting for 7.29%)germplasms showed immunization to CYR32,CYR33 and CYR34,while the numbers of high‑resistant and medium‑resistant germplasms were 69(14.38%)and 79(16.46%),respectively.And the other 297(61.88%)germplasms demonstrated medium‑ or high‑ susceptible to the inoculated races.There were 13,10 and 7 germplasms containing the Yr18,and Yr29 and Yr30 genes,respectively;only 3 germplasms contained two of the resistant genes;no germplasm was detected with all the three resistant genes.In conclusion,183(accounting for 38.12%)germplasms showed resistant to stripe rust at adult plant stage,and 27 germplasms were detected with the above resistant genes.Yr18 or Yr30 gene showed resistant to the current races of stripe rust,however,the resistance level of Yr29 gene was partly lost at adult plant stage. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Intercropping Promoting Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization WU Xin, BI Jiayu, GE Yingtong, HE Yangfa, WANG Yuyun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.001 Abstract （293）      PDF （1931KB）（251）       Knowledge map    Save The application of phosphate fertilizer and mineral weathering are the main sources of soil phosphorus，but the low utilization rate of phosphorus and the limited ability of crops to absorb and utilize phosphorus lead to the accumulation of soil phosphorus，which limits the growth of crops.Intercropping system can improve soil phosphorus availability.The effects of intercropping on phosphorus utilization rate were summarized.The mechanism of intercropping to improve soil phosphorus availability was reviewed from three aspects：soil microorganisms，crop roots，and changes in endogenous hormones.It is suggested that in the future，we should focus on the in‑situ characterization of plant root morphology，auxin‑related gene expression，soil microorganisms and related functional genes，in order to provide reference for improving phosphorus utilization rate through intercropping. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Genome and Diagnostic Methods of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ZHANG Yuyang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (10): 12-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.002 Abstract （280）      PDF （1787KB）（130）       Knowledge map    Save Porcine epidemic diarrhea(PED)caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)is an acute,highly contagious,enteric disease of pigs with high morbidity and mortality,thereby bringing huge economic losses to the pig industry all over the world.A better understanding of PEDV’s genome and function is key to developing an effective and safe vaccine. By understanding PEDV’s genomic structure,the proteins it encodes,and its interactions with host cells,researchers can design more targeted vaccine candidates.Advances in PED diagnostic technology are essential for early diagnosis and monitoring and evaluation of post⁃immune response.In this review,we summarized the latest progress of PEDV genome structure and function including S,E,M,N,accessory proteins and non⁃structural proteins,serology and molecular diagnostic methods,such as enzyme⁃linked immunosorbent assay,polymerase chain reaction,ring⁃mediated isothermal amplification,viral neutralization and indirect immunofluorescence assays,immunochromatographic tests,fluorescent microsphere immunoassays,sequence assays and clustered regularly inter spaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)⁃Cas,in order to provide ideas for establishing rapid and effective PEDV detection methods,and provide reference for effective prevention and control of PED in practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Intercropping of Different Genotypes of Maize on Stomatal Characteristics and Yield LI Fangjie, CHANG Zhijie, SHI Dakun, WEI Xiaoyi, WEI Feng, HONG Defeng, MA Junfeng, ZHENG Qiudao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 21-29.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.003 Abstract （276）      PDF （4751KB）（174）       Knowledge map    Save Using four maize varieties[Weiyu 618(WY618),MY73,Yudan 9953(YD9953)and Zhengdan 958(ZD958)]as materials，four single cropping treatments and three intercropping treatments were set up to study the effects of intercropping of different genotypes of maize on stomatal characteristics，spatial layout and yield of maize,so as to provide theoretical basis for increasing maize yield by intercropping of different genotypes of maize from the perspective of stomata.The results showed that maize yield could be improved by intercropping with different genotypes of maize.For WY618 intercropping with MY73 and ZD958,the yield of WY618 significantly increased by 9.41% and 12.94% compared with WY618 single cropping,respectively,and WY618 had more yield advantage.The land equivalent ratio of WY618 intercropping with ZD958 was 1.08,the intercropping advantage was the most obvious，followed by WY618 intercropping with MY73.Maize intercropping could improve the stomatal density,length,width,circumference,area and shape index in the paraxial and abaxial planes of leaves,and make stomatal spatial layout more regular and rational.The density,width and area of stomata in the distal axial plane of leaves were significantly positively correlated with yield.In conclusion,maize intercropping with different genotypes of maize can improve the stomatal characteristics and spatial layout in leaves,which is conducive to the increase of maize yield. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cytology Research of Spontaneous Doubling of Maize Haploid ZHANG Lihua, LIU Xiaoman, MA Miaomiao, LI Xingxing, ZHANG Qifan, ZHENG Binrui, LIU Zonghua, SONG Yunyun, LI Haochuan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (10): 21-27.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.003 Abstract （265）      PDF （3281KB）（143）       Knowledge map    Save The diploid RL36 with high spontaneous doubling ability and its haploid H⁃RL36 and the haploid H⁃L119A with low spontaneous doubling ability were used as materials,the pollen viability and anther morphology were observed,the cell ploidy of vegetative and reproductive organs at different development stages were detected,and simultaneously the chromosome behavior during meiosis process was observed,so as to explore the causes of spontaneous doubling of haploid to produce fertile gametes,analyze the underlying cytology mechanisms,and provide theoretical support for biological research related to spontaneous doubling of haploid.The results showed that the high spontaneous doubling haploid H⁃RL36 had round，full and fertile pollen grains and normal anther tissue,while the low spontaneous doubling haploid H⁃L119A had sterile pollens with irregular morphology and wrinkled anther tissue.The ploidy detection results showed that the chromosome number in the leaves of the two haploid materials did not double at different growth stages,and there were diploid cells and a few tetraploid cells in the tassel of H⁃RL36 at trumpet stage,while the H⁃L119A cells did not show diploidization.4,6⁃diamidino⁃2⁃phenylindole(DAPI)staining was used to observe the chromosome segregation behavior of pollen mother cells,it was found that the chromosomes of most cells in H⁃RL36 showed segregation distortion and moved to one pole at anaphase of first meiosis,and then underwent normal second meiosis to produce gametes with normal chromosome number,thus producing fertile pollens.In contrast,the chromosome of H⁃L119A cells eventually degenerated,leading to sterile gametes with abnormal chromosome number.The segregation distortion of chromosomes during meiosis can lead to spontaneous doubling of haploids,and the doubling of haploid germ cells and somatic cells is two independent processes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Diversity and Vertical Distribution of True Bugs in Taihang Mountains，Shanxi Province CHEN Jing, ZHANG Zhenhua, WEI Jiufeng, ZHAO Qing, ZHANG Hufang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 110-118.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.011 Abstract （254）      PDF （2599KB）（154）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the species diversity and distribution characteristics of true bugs in Taihang Mountains，Shanxi Province，a survey of true bugs diversity was conducted from June to September in 2022 and 2023，and vertical distribution at five different altitudes was analyzed in this area.The results of biodiversity analysis showed that a total of 6 103 true bugs were collected from June to September in 2022 and 2023，belonging to 25 families，41 subfamilies，110 genera，a total of 189 species.The dominant groups under different altitude gradients were different.The dominant group in altitude Ⅱ（770—1 140 m），altitude Ⅲ（1 140—1 510 m），and altitude Ⅴ（1 880—2 250 m）was Miridae. The dominant group at altitude Ⅰ（400—770 m）was Pentatomidae，and the dominant group at altitude Ⅳ（1 510—1 880 m）was Plataspidae.The altitude had significant effects on the individual number，species number，Shannon‑Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index，but had no significant effects on Margalef richness index and Simpson dominance index.The species composition of true bugs community at different altitudes was less similar，and the species similarity coefficient was ranging from 0.040 8 to 0.147 5，the true bug community at altitude Ⅱ and altitude Ⅲ was more similar.The environmental factor that had the greatest influence on the species number of true bugs in Taihang Mountains of Shanxi Province was the precipitation in the hottest quarter of the collection site（BIO18），and the correlation coefficient was 0.238（P<0.05）.The environmental factor that had the greatest influence on the individual number of true bugs in Taihang Mountains of Shanxi Province was the annual precipitation（BIO12），and the correlation coefficient was 0.263（P<0.05）.In summary，the ecological environment of Taihang Mountains in Shanxi Province is diverse，and the resources of true bugs species are abundant.In this area，the species richness of true bugs in low and high altitudes is relatively smaller，while the species in middle altitudes are abundant，and the vertical distribution pattern is single‑peak pattern. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Creation and Phenotypic Analysis of TaGW2‑A1‑Overexpression Transgenic Wheat Germplasm ZHANG Haoran, LIU Xiaoying, ZHOU Fenglong, XU Mingchen, GUO Zhengzheng, CHENG Jiayu, ZHANG Kunpu, WANG Daowen, SHI Cuilan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 1-8.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.001 Abstract （250）      PDF （2844KB）（75）       Knowledge map    Save The expression vector of TaGW2‑A1 was constructed，and transformed into wheat；T2 homozygous transgenic lines were identified and screened；the expression of TaGW2‑A1 gene of the homozygous transgenic line was analyzed by real‑time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot；subcellular localization analysis was performed by tobacco transient expression and cell component separation；the agronomic traits and quality traits of homozygous lines were analyzed，so as to lay foundation for further analysis of TaGW2 regulatory network，and provide gene resource for breeding new wheat varieties with high yield and quality.The results showed that the expression vector of TaGW2‑A1 gene was successfully constructed，positive transgenic plants were obtained，and homozygous transgenic lines were screened in T2 generation.The transcription level of TaGW2‑A1 was significantly higher in leaves and grains of homozygous transgenic lines，but TaGW2‑A1 protein was detected only in grains.Subcellular localization results showed that TaGW2‑A1 protein mainly functioned in cytoplasm and nucleus. Phenotypic analysis results showed that TaGW2-A1 overexpression significantly reduced plant height，grain length，grain width，1 000‑grain weight and yield per plant，but had no significant effect on grain number per spike and grain protein content. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation，Identification，and Functional Analysis of Culturable Microorganisms in Cigar Tobacco Leaves from Various Regions SI Hongyang, YANG Weili, CUI Bing, LAI Miao, ZHAO Mingqin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (9): 37-45.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.004 Abstract （250）      PDF （3022KB）（162）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the species and functionality of culturable microorganisms in domestic cigar tobacco leaves,cured cigar tobacco leaves from Wuzhishan,Hainan Province(variety Haiyan 103)and and from Dazhou，Sichuan Province(variety Chuanxue No.1) were used as experimental materials.The culture‑dependent method were employed to isolate microorganisms,which were subsequently identified through molecular sequencing.The enzyme and aromatic substances production abilities of the isolated microorganisms were investigated.The results showed the isolation of 52 different bacterial strains from Haiyan 103 and Chuanxue No.1 cigar leaves,belonging to five different families:Bacillaceae,Planococcaceae,Erwiniaceae,Enterobacteriales,and Moraxellaceae.Bacillus subtilis E‑11,isolated from Hainan tobacco,exhibited the highest protease and pectinase activities of 85.02 U/mL and 256.71 U/mL,respectively.Additionally,four yeast strains were isolated from Hainan tobacco leaves,namely one strain from Pichia,one strain from Rhodotorula,and two strains from Debaryomyces.These yeast strains did not produce extracellular protease and pectinase,and Pichia sp.J‑2 demonstrated the ability to metabolize 2‑phenylethanol.The highest yield of 2‑phenylethanol,333.81 mg/L,was observed after 72 h of fermentation.In conclusion,cigar tobacco contains a rich variety of culturable microbial resources.Bacillus subtilis E‑11 and Pichia sp.J‑2,isolated from Haiyan 103,show promising potential for degrading macromolecular substances and enhancing the aroma content in tobacco leaves. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharides with Different Molecular Weight on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Maize Seedlings under Drought Stress ZHANG Le, ZHANG Fuguo, JIN Yazhong, ZHANG Yitao, ZHANG Youli Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 10-22.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.002 Abstract （246）      PDF （4066KB）（162）       Knowledge map    Save Under drought stress，50 mg/L chitosan oligosaccharides with different molecular weight （1 197，1 428，1 990 u）were sprayed to explore the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide with different molecular weight on the growth and physiological characteristics of maize seedlings，so as to provide a theoretical basis for the application of chitosan oligosaccharide with different molecular weight in production under drought stress.The results showed that under normal water condition，spraying chitosan oligosaccharide could promote the growth of maize seedlings. Under drought stress condition，spraying chitosan oligosaccharide could alleviate the impact of drought stress on the growth of maize seedlings.Among them，the plant height of treatments with chitosan oligosaccharides with small，medium and large molecular weight increased by 8.55%，9.37% and 5.80%，the stem diameter increased by 10.99%，5.23% and 1.31%，the dry weight of the aboveground part increased by 28.27%，38.82% and 19.83%，the dry weight of the underground part increased by 44.44%，39.58% and 29.17%，the leaf area increased by 43.45%，65.79% and 24.51%，the number of root branches increased by 114.57%，104.84% and 102.33%，the chlorophyll content increased by 43.07%，49.42% and 36.49%，the net photosynthetic rate（Pn）increased by 12.70%，22.49% and 6.80%，the content of superoxide anion decreased by 25.88%，35.74% and 21.83%，the activity of ascorbate peroxidase（APX）increased by 18.77%，29.92% and 11.43%，and the activity of glutathion peroxidase（GPX）increased by 23.30%，11.17% and 16.51%，respectively.Overall，under drought stress condition，spraying chitosan oligosaccharide with small molecular weight had the best effect on promoting the growth of the underground part，while spraying chitosan oligosaccharide with medium molecular weight had the best effect on promoting the growth of the aboveground part.The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the treatment with chitosan oligosaccharide with low molecular weight had the highest comprehensive score，followed by the treatment with chitosan oligosaccharide with medium molecular weight. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Stem Lodging Resistance of 145 Maize Inbred Lines ZHANG Fengqi, ZHANG Jun, MA Zhiyan, WU Xiaopan, ZHOU Qingwei, MU Xinyuan, TANG Baojun, LI Xin, XIA Laikun, DING Yong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (11): 34-40.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.11.004 Abstract （232）      PDF （2064KB）（82）       Knowledge map    Save The plant height(PH),ear height(EH),stem rind penetrometer resistance(RPR),internode diameter(ID)and internode length(IL)were investigated under multiple environments with 145 maize inbred lines from home and abroad as materials.The excellent inbred lines with strong stem lodging resistance were screened out through correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis,so as to provide excellent germplasm resources for maize lodging resistance breeding.The results indicated that PH,EH,RPR,ID and IL were extremely significantly different among different maize inbred lines.The heritability of PH with 0.99 was the highest,followed by EH and RPR all with 0.97.The correlation analysis results showed that RPR was extremely significantly positively correlated with PH.The principal component analysis results showed that the first three principal components represented 77.02% of the information of the five traits of 145 maize inbred lines,and their contribution rates were 37.08%,21.94% and 18.00%,respectively. Based on the comprehensive evaluation and cluster analysis of lodging resistance of each inbred line,145 inbred lines were divided into 6 groups,13 inbred lines with strong lodging resistance,such as S268,S112,S135,S270,etc,were screened out. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Estimation of Potato SPAD Values Based on Machine Learning and UAV Hyperspectral Remote Sensing CHEN Yifan, GUO Faxu, FENG Quan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 133-144.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.015 Abstract （229）      PDF （4120KB）（243）       Knowledge map    Save To enable rapid，non‑destructive monitoring of the soil plant analysis development（SPAD）value of field‑grown potatoes，this research employed unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） hyperspectral imaging to construct a quantitative detection model during critical growth phases.UAV hyperspectral imagery captured during the tuber initiation and enlargement stages was processed using mathematical transformations.Characteristic bands correlating with the SPAD value were identified using the competitive adaptive reweighted sampling（CARS），uninformative variable elimination（UVE），and random frog（RF） algorithms. Subsequently，partial least squares regression（PLSR），support vector regression（SVR），and back propagation（BP）neural networks were utilized to formulate models for estimating the potato SPAD values.It was observed that the characteristic bands derived from distinct feature selection algorithms varied slightly，with the CARS algorithm demonstrating efficiency in extracting sensitive spectral features，reducing hyperspectral data dimensions，and enhancing model precision.Compared to models constructed with alternative algorithmic combinations，the 1/R‑CARS‑SVR model displayed superior predictive capabilities，yielding R 2values of 0.88 for the training set and 0.84 for the validation set，and consistent root mean square error（RMSE） values of 0.39 for both.The 1/R‑CARS‑SVR model was utilized to perform point‑by‑point SPAD value computations across the study area，and a detailed inversion map was generated.It was found that SPAD value in tuber expansion stage was generally higher than that in tuber formation stage.This map offered a visual representation of potato growth conditions for managerial decision‑making，contributing to the theoretical framework and methodological approach for the surveillance of potato growth dynamics. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and Expression Analysis of Auxin Response Factor（ARF）Gene Family in Tree Peony ZHAO Yinge, YUAN Xin, GAO Jie, WANG Huijuan, LI Yanmin, WANG Xiaohui, SHI Man, FENG Naixi, FU Zhenzhu, JIA Wenqing Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (11): 117-126.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.11.013 Abstract （225）      PDF （10792KB）（39）       Knowledge map    Save To study the auxin response factor（ARF）gene family in tree peony，the gene family was identified and bioinformatics analysis was conducted.The results showed that a total of 19 ARF genes were identified in P.sufruticosa‘Shima Nishiki’，P.ostii and P.sufruticosa‘Luoshen Xiaochun’，and the ARF gene family members of tree peony were divided into four subfamilies based on the evolutionary classification of Arabidopsis thaliana ARF gene family，and according to the phylogenetic tree，there was a close evolutionary relationship between peony and Arabidopsis thaliana ARF homologous genes.There were differences in the length and isoelectric point of ARF proteins among different tree peony cultivars.All PsARFs contained conserved B3 and Auxin_resp domains，and most PsARFs also contained Aux/IAA domains.Conserved motif analysis showed that the number of Motif was 4—12，and gene structure analysis showed that the number of introns in the ARF gene of peony was 1—19，and there were some differences in the number of Motif and introns among different subfamilies.Tissue expression characteristics analysis showed that all PsARF genes were expressed in roots，stems and leaves of peony tissue culture seedlings，except that PsARF2b was not expressed in various tissues，but the expression levels in different tissues were very different.The expression levels of PsARF7，PsARF19，PsARF8a，PsARF8b，PsARF6，PsARF11a，PsARF11b，PsARF9，PsARF16b，PsARF17，PsARFx were the highest in roots，PsARF5，PsARF3 and PsARF4 were the highest in stems，and PsARF2a，PsARF1，PsARF16a and PsARF10 were the highest in leaves. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Predation Ability and Preference of Arma chinensis against Helicoverpa armigera Larvae CHEN Junhua, LI Feifan, DU Yueqing, XIE Jiaxin, ZHANG Qiaoqiao, WANG Chenxu, GUO Shibao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 109-118.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.011 Abstract （216）      PDF （1762KB）（40）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the biological control potential of Arma chinensis on Helicoverpa armigera larvae，we measured the predatory functional responses and search effects of 3rd—4th instar A.chinensis nymphs and female adults on 2nd—4th instar H.armigera larvae under controlled indoor conditions.We also investigated the intraspecific interference effects of 5th instar A.chinensis nymphs，as well as male and female adults，on predation of 2nd instar H.armigera，along with the predation preferences of female A.chinensis adults for 3rd instar H.armigera larvae versus Tenebrio molitor pupae. The results indicated that both nymphs of the 3rd and 4th instars and female adults were capable of preying on 2nd—4th instar H.armigera，with their predatory response conforming to Holling’s type Ⅱ model.The control efficiency across different developmental stages of A.chinensis was ranked as follows：female adults>4th instar nymphs>3rd instar nymphs.Notably，the amount preyed upon by individuals of the same age decreased as prey age increased，with maximum daily predation rates recorded at 36.778 for female adults，28.351 for 4th instar nymphs，and 26.938 for 3rd instar nymphs targeting 2nd instar H.armigera，which demonstrated that female adults exhibited the highest predation capacity against these larvae.Furthermore，our findings revealed that search efficiency improved as prey density decreased，while intraspecific interference among A.chinensis was influenced by their own density in the following order：5th instar nymphs>male adults>female adults. Regarding predation preference，when both T.molitor pupae and 3rd instar H.armigera larvae were present，A.chinensis showed a stronger inclination to prey on the pupae.These insights provide a valuable foundation for future research into indoor propagation strategies for enhancing the biological control capabilities of A.chinensis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of RT‑RAA‑CRISPR/Cas12a Based Visual Detection Method for Pepper Mild Mottle Virus ZHAO Zhenxing, FAN Qixuan, WANG Siyuan, DONG Zheng, HU Zhongze, ZHANG Yongjiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (9): 80-87.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.008 Abstract （214）      PDF （2401KB）（127）       Knowledge map    Save Pepper is an important horticultural crop.Pepper mild mottle virus(PMMoV)threatens pepper and other solanaceous crops’production.In order to improve the prevention and control efficiency of PMMoV,this study designed specific RAA primers based on the conserved sequence of its gene encoding coat protein(CP) to achieve rapid isothermal amplification of PMMoV based on recombinase‑aided amplification(RAA).And crRNA was designed to target the RT‑RAA amplification products based on the CRISPR/Cas12a system.The RT‑RAA‑CRISPR/Cas12a system was optimized,and the results showed that the strongest signal was observed in the total system at a final concentration of 400 nmol/L for reporter gene FQ,and a ratio of 1∶5 for Cas12a∶crRNA at the final concentrations of 200 nmol/L and 1 000 nmol/L.The final RT‑RAA amplification reaction and CRISPR chromogenic reaction each only took 15 min,and the positive signal could be directly observed under portable blue light irradiation equipment.This method could specifically detect PMMoV,and the detection limit of RNA of pepper samples carrying PMMoV could reach 1.34 pg/μL,which was 1 000 and 10 times more sensitive than that of conventional RT‑PCR and real‑time RT‑PCR.The detection results of 30 samples showed that the RT‑RAA‑CRISPR/Cas12a assay established in this study could detect PMMoV in leaves,fruits and soils of infected pepper and tomato plants.The established detection system could be used for rapid and sensitive visual detection of pepper mild mottle virus. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Genetic Diversity and DNA Fingerprint Map of Pumpkin Based on ISSR Markers WANG Jialong, MA Kun, ZHOU Jing, ZHU Jinfang, GAO Peng, HUANG Fengjiao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 119-130.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.012 Abstract （209）      PDF （3327KB）（43）       Knowledge map    Save In order to provide theoretical basis for pumpkin variety identification，germplasm conservation and innovation，31 pumpkin germplasm resources were used as materials，and 7 inter‑simple sequence repeat（ISSR）primers with rich polymorphic information were selected to analyze the genetic diversity of the materials and establish DNA fingerprint map.The results showed that a total of 73 bands were amplified by 7 ISSR primers，including 72 polymorphic bands（polymorphic band rate：98.63%）.The average number of observed alleles，the average number of effective alleles，the average Nei’s gene diversity index，and the average Shannon’s diversity information index were 1.986 3，1.570 4，0.329 9and 0.494 4，respectively.The interspecific genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.12 to 0.89，with an average value of 0.46.Unweighted pair‑group method with arithmetic means（UPGMA）clustering analysis showed that 31 pumpkin materials were classified into Cucurbita moschata D.，Cucurbita pepo L.and Cucurbita maxima D.at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0. 46.Furthermore，the DNA fingerprint map for 31 pumpkin materials was constructed using the 14 polymorphic sites amplified by primer UBC811 and primer UBC843.All varieties in the DNA fingerprint map were unique，which could be used for molecular identification of varieties.In conclusion，the genetic diversity of 31 pumpkin materials was rich，Cucurbita moschata D.was closer to Cucurbita pepo L.，and the two were more distantly related to Cucurbita maxima D.，which could provide scientific basis for the conservation of pumpkin germplasm resources and variety innovation.The DNA fingerprint map of pumpkin based on the ISSR molecular marker technology could provide a new way for the identification of pumpkin varieties. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Utilization Potential of Major Crop Straws and Livestock Manure in Jiangxi Province CHE Qifeng, CHEN Xingyue, HU Tingting, ZHANG Jie, ZHANG Jing, HUANG Wenjie, TU Qihong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 86-98.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.009 Abstract （201）      PDF （23945KB）（42）       Knowledge map    Save This paper analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of major crop straws and livestock manure in Jiangxi Province and their resource utilization potential，in order to promote the effective use of agricultural waste. Based on the spatial statistical analysis method of GIS，this study estimated the amount of major crop straws and livestock manure generated and their theoretical values of resource utilization in each county（city，district）of Jiangxi Province in 2021，and analyzed their spatial distribution patterns and cold hotspot areas.The results showed that in 2021，the total amount of major crop straw which could be collected in Jiangxi Province was 23.868 2 million tons，and the straw type was mainly rice straw.It generally showed the characteristics of rich in the north and poor in the south，mainly concentrated in the northern part of Poyang Lake Plain，and its theoretical value was equivalent to 11.337 4 million tons of organic carbon，227 000 tons of N，31 600 tons of P，420 800 tons of K，6.613 6 million tons of standard coal or 3.05×109 m3 methane gas.The annual production of livestock manure was 70.652 3 million tons，of which poultry manure produced the most，accounting for 40.27% of the total amount of livestock manure.It generally presented a north‑south poor，central rich characteristics，theoretically equivalent to 9.746 3 million tons of organic carbon，487 000 tons of N，175 300 tons of P，315 900 tons of K，11.581 million tons of standard coal，or 8.26×109 m3 methane gas.There were 14 hotspots for crop straw，11 hotspots for livestock manure，and 5 double hotspots for straw‑livestock manure at 99% confidence level.Crop straw hotspots should realistically choose direct return to the field，basal material utilization，fertilizer utilization，energy utilization，feed utilization，raw material utilization，mushroom farming and other suitable utilization direction，livestock manure hotspots should comprehensively consider the development of biogas or way of on‑site return to the field recycling，straw‑livestock manure double hotspots should consider the multi‑level，diversified utilization pattern，giving priority to the integration of agriculture and animal husbandry，and the development of eco‑agriculture. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Detoxication Effects of Eight Kinds of Alleviators on Phytotoxicity of Nicosulfuron to Tobacco YANG Nan, WANG Mingxin, JIANG Shengfei, LI Junying, FAN Liangxin, CHANG Dong, YIN Guangyu, XU Cuilian Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 99-109.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.010 Abstract （201）      PDF （2860KB）（74）       Knowledge map    Save To address the phytotoxicity of residual nicosulfuron in maize field to following tobacco crop，the detoxification effects of commercially available safeners such as naphtha anhydride，cyclopropane sulfonamide，benoxacor，dichlormid，and plant growth regulators such as gibberellin，brassinolide，DA‑6，and Leu‑Ile‑Val mixture on phytotoxicity of nicosulfuron to tobacco were studied by indor pot experiment，field experiment，and biochemical analysis. The results showed that different amount of nicosulfuron demonstrated great inhibitory effect on the growth of tobacco，and the inhibitory effect increased with the increasing of nicosulfuron.The detoxication was the best when the concentrations of cyclopropane sulfonamide，dichlormid，gibberellin，brassinolide，and Leu‑Ile‑Val mixture were 10，20，40，0.1，30 mg/L，while the detoxication of other three alleviators was not significant.The results of field tests indicated that the detoxication of cyclopropane sulfonamide and dichlormid was better than other three chemicals，and dichlormid showed the best performance.After adding dichlormid for 63 days，the leaf length，leaf width，plant height，leaf number，and stem girth of tobacco was increased by 26.4%，21.6%，13.2%，75.2% and 14.3% compared to the control group.Compared with the control treatment with nicosulfuron，the treatment with cyclopropane sulfonamide and dichlormid by root irrigation showed 51.91%－61.81% and 60.29%－91.95% increase for superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity，catalase（CAT）activity，nitrate reductase（NR）activity and glutathione S‑transferase（GST）activity，respectively.Of note，the dichlormid treatment was better than cyclopropane sulfonamide. In summary，when nicosulfuron was used as herbicide in the previous maize field，the nicosulfuron‑caused phytotoxicity to tobacco can be effectively alleviated by cyclopropane sulfonamide and dichlormid，and 20 mg/L（50 mL/plant）of dichlormid should be used preferentially. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Rice B12D Gene Family and Expression Analysis under Submergence Stress ZHANG Zhaoran, ZHU Boyi, GAO Song, LI Zhaowei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 31-42.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.004 Abstract （198）      PDF （6123KB）（68）       Knowledge map    Save In order to better understand the function of rice B12D gene，the genome‑wide identification and bioinformatics analysis of rice B12D gene family members were done，and the expression difference of B12D gene in rice（Nipponbare）and upland rice（Kunhan 1）under submergence stress was analyzed by real‑time fluorescence quantitative PCR（qRT‑PCR）.Finally，the possible interaction proteins of B12D were found by Alphafold analysis. The results showed that there were six B12D genes in rice genome，which were distributed on three chromosomes.The number of amino acids of B12D protein ranged from 89 aa to 98 aa，and the isoelectric point ranged from 9.65 to 10.34，which was alkaline.Except that OsB12D3 was located in the cell membrane，the other five B12D proteins were located in mitochondria.The B12D gene family had only one pairs of collinearity genes between Arabidopsis thaliana and rice，and three pairs of collinearity genes between rice and maize.In addition，OsB12D1 gene and OsB12D2 genes had a collinearity relationship with OsB12D3 gene.The protein sequence of rice B12D family had high homology and strong conservation.The promoter of rice B12D gene family contained a large number of light response elements，hormone response elements，stress response elements and development related elements.The expression levels of six B12D genes were different in different tissues，OsB12D1 and OsB12D2 genes were mainly expressed in roots；OsB12D3 gene was mainly expressed in ovary，embryo and endosperm；OsB12D4 gene was highly expressed in most tissues；OsB12D5 and OsB12D6 genes were significantly expressed in stamens，the expression level of OsB12D5 gene was lower，the expression level of OsB12D6 gene was higher，and there were different expression levels in other tissues for OsB12D6 gene.The expression levels of OsB12D1 and OsB12D2 genes in Nipponbare were significantly higher than that in Kunhan 1，the increase of OsB12D1and OsB12D2 gene expression levels after submergence stress was higher than that in Kunhan 1，and the decrease of ATP content was lower than that in Kunhan 1.Rice B12D interacted with heme C and cytochrome C1.In summary，the rice B12D gene family may play an important role in rice growth and development，response to submergence stress and so on. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Remediation of Cadmium Contaminated Soil by γ‑Polyglutamic Acid Modified Biochar LI Zhijuan, HE Wenxing, ZHANG Laixing, LIU Zheng, SUN Dan, XU Shuxia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 70-78.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.008 Abstract （198）      PDF （2010KB）（106）       Knowledge map    Save In order to strengthen the remediation effect of biochar on cadmium‑contaminated soil，γ‑polyglutamic acid was used to activate and modify corn straw biochar. The structure of γ‑polyglutamic acid modified biochar was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy.The passivation effect of γ‑polyglutamic acid modified biochar on Cd2+ was investigated by simulating soil cadmium pollution test.The results showed that the number of hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups of γ‑polyglutamic acid modified biochar increased significantly.Compared with the application of 1.0% original biochar， applying equal amount of γ‑polyglutamic acid modified biochar in cadmium‑contaminated soil significantly increased the soil cation exchange capacity，organic matter content，soil phosphatase，catalase and urease activities by 9%，17%，18%，15% and 20%，respectively.The content of residual Cd in soil increased by 15%，the content of weak acid extractable Cd decreased by 27%，and the bioavailability of Cd2+ in soil decreased significantly.The content of Cd2+ in roots and leaves of Chinese cabbage decreased significantly. In summary，γ‑polyglutamic acid modification can improve the ability of biochar to passivate cadmium in soil，and γ‑polyglutamic acid modified biochar has great potential in the remediation of cadmium contaminated soil. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of AMF on Morphological Index and Photosynthetic Physiology of Bidens pilosa and B. biternata under Different Phosphorus Levels ZENG Jingjin, LIU Wei, LIU Jiang, ZHAO Ying, MA Xiao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 79-91.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.009 Abstract （198）      PDF （1790KB）（157）       Knowledge map    Save A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF） on the growth status，nutrient absorption，photosynthesis，and antioxidant enzyme activity of invasive plant Bidens pilosa and local closely related plant B.biternata under different phosphorus levels of 0，50，and 200 mg/kg，inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae on two plants and with no inoculation as control（CK）.The results showed that AMF could infect both plants mentioned above，and the infection rate and spore density of AMF on B. pilosa were significantly higher than those on B. biternata.At a phosphorus level of 50 mg/kg，B.pilosa had the highest infection rate and spore density.Inoculation of AMF at 0 and 50 mg/kg phosphorus concentration could significantly promote the absorption of phosphorus by both plants，while the absorption of nitrogen decreased.It also had a certain promoting effect on the plant height，leaf area，total biomass，number of branches，and root crown ratio of both plants.At a phosphorus level of 50 mg/kg，compared with CK，the total chlorophyll content，chlorophyll a/b，maximum fluorescence，maximum photochemical quantum yield of PS Ⅱ ，and photosynthetic performance index of B.pilosa and B.biternata inoculated with AMF increased by 22.1%—22.9%，8.4%—11.5%，15.5%—23.8%，11.4%—14.4%，and 17.9%—25.9%，respectively.The net photosynthetic rate，stomatal conductance，and transpiration rate increased by 8.1%—17.7%，18.4%—18.7%，and 12.6%—14.9%，respectively，while the intercellular CO2 concentration decreased by 9.4%—14.7%.The activities of superoxide dismutase，catalase，and peroxidase treated with AMF were significantly higher than those of CK，with increases of 17.2%—19.3%，37.4%—46.4%，and 24.1%—32.1%，espectively.The contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein in osmotic regulators were increased by 45.6%—59.8% and 33.3%—45.1%，respectively.In summary，AMF can promote the growth of B.pilosa and B.biternata under low phosphorus levels（0,50 mg/kg），and the mycorrhizal effect of B.pilosa is higher than that of B.biternata，while the high phosphorus level（200 mg/kg）has a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of the two plants，which is likely to have a certain effect on the successful invasion of B.pilosa in a low phosphorus environment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Harvesting Periods on the Quality of Suli Pear and Fresh‑keeping Effect in Semi‑underground Ventilation Storeroom WU Zhongying, ZHANG Sipu, CUI Wei, GUO Chaofeng, LU Yunfeng, XIE Yuanming, NIU Jiajia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (11): 164-172.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.11.018 Abstract （195）      PDF （3486KB）（18）       Knowledge map    Save In order to determine the suitable harvesting date of Suli pear，Jindingxiehua Suli pear from Ningling County was taken as the raw material. The storage was carried out in semi‑underground ventilation storeroom after harvest in five periods（at 140，152，166，180，and 190 days after full flowering，respectively numbered 1—5）.Color，hardness，marketable fruit rate，total soluble solid（TSS）content，titratable acid（TA）content，malondialdehyde（MDA） content and polyphenol oxidase（PPO） activity were test during storage. Meanwhile，temperature and humidity in the ventilation storeroom during storage were monitored.The storage property was evaluated by membership function method.The results showed that with the delay of harvest date，fruit hardness decreased，TSS content increased first and then decreased，TA content decreased，and single fruit weight，L*，a* and b* values increased. When stored for 130 days，the good fruit rate of the other harvesting periods was above 80% except for harvesting period 2.At 160 days of storage，harvest period 3 had best storage performance，with the highest values of marketable fruit rate（80.6%），L*（79.00）and TSS content（11.53%）.The PPO activity［21.4 U（/ min·g）］was the lowest.The a* value was 7.38，the b* value was 47.68，the hardness was 4.94 kg/cm2，the TA content was 0.056%，and the MDA content was 12.81 mmol/g.The average membership value of the indicators related to storage property of the five periods was calculated，and then their storage property was ranked as harvest period 3>harvest period 2>harvest period 1>harvest period 4>harvest period 5.Therefore，it is recommended that for Ningling Jindingxiehua Suli pear with semi‑underground ventilation storeroom storage，the suitable harvest date is September 15，166 d after the flowering stage，and the suitable storage period is mid‑February of the next year，with early March of the next year to complete sales. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of MYB Transcription Factors Related to Cold Stress Response in Phalaenopsis Based on RNA‑sequencing LIANG Fang, ZHANG Yan, YUAN Xiuyun, KANG Yingying, WU Zheng, XU Shenping Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 108-117.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.012 Abstract （194）      PDF （5195KB）（65）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the function of MYB transcription factor in the response of cold‑resistant Phalaenopsis to low temperature stress，this research obtained a total of 31 MYB transcription factors with complete ORF from transcriptome library of Phalaenopsis cultivars under low temperature stress，and analyzed their structural domain，physicochemical properties，phylogenetic evolution，and expression characteristics. The results were as follows：there were 19 sequences belonging to R2R3‑MYB，with W（T/‑S/I）X2EDX2LX7GX3WX2（L/V/I）X3（A/T/S）（G/S）LXR（C/T/S）GKSCRLRWXNY of the amino acid arrangement pattern for R2 repeat，and（F/I/M/L）（S/T）X2EX3（I/V）（I/L/V）X（L/V）HX2（L/W）G（N/T）（R/K）‑W（S/A）XIAX2LPGRTDNE（I/V）KNXW（N/R/H）（T/S/G）of the amino acid arrangement pattern for R3 repeat；there were 12 sequences belonging to 1R‑MYB，with W（S/T）X（E/D）EHX2FLX（A/G）X4（G/D）‑（R/K）G0‑1（A/D）W or W（S/T）X（E/K）（Q/E）（N/D）KXFE（R/K）AL（A/V）X3（E/D）X（T/A）PXRW of the amino acid arrangement pattern for R repeat.All these 31 sequences had a Myb‑DNA‑binding domain.The average relative molecular weight and theoretical isoelectric point were 30 288.28 and 7.55 for 31 MYB proteins in Phalaenopsis，respectively；all of them were hydrophobic proteins.MYB transcription factor TRINITY_DN61754_c4_g1 was almost unchanged in Phalaenopsis cultivar Big Chili among the whole process，while the expression level was decreased in the early stage of cold treatment in Phalaenopsis cv.Fuller’s Sunset.The expression level of RINITY_DN74288_c0_g1 was increased obviously at 48 h after cold treatment in Big Chili，however，the level was decreased remarkablely at 24 h after cold stress compared to normal temperature in Fuller’s Sunset.Based on the phylogenetic analysis and functional prediction of MYB transcription factors between in Phalaenopsis equestris and Phalaenopsis cultivars，it is speculated that these two genes may play important roles in response to low temperature stress in Phalaenopsis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Lightweight Grape Object Detection Fusion Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv5s HU Junfeng, LI Songqing, HUANG Xiaowen, LIU Dayang, LI Baicong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (9): 150-158.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.016 Abstract （192）      PDF （7979KB）（48）       Knowledge map    Save A lightweight grape target detection network YM‑GDM(YOLOv5s‑MobileNetV3 grape detection model) was proposed to meet the requirements of accuracy,real‑time performance,and lightweight of target detection models for agricultural automatic harvesting machinery.MobileNetV3 was employed as the backbone network instead of CSPDarknet53 in YOLOv5s to achieve model lightweighting.The introduction of Res2Net_C2f module and BiFPN(Bi‑directional feature pyramid network)structure aimed to enhance the model’s multi‑scale feature fusion capability.Additionally,the VariFocalLoss loss function was adopted to train the model,mitigating the impact of imbalanced positive and negative samples.The self‑made data set containing five types of table grapes and the open data set(WGISD)containing five types of wine grapes were used as test data sets.The experimental results showed that the YM‑GDM network achieved a mAP50 of 90. 8% for the detection of 10 grape classes.Compared to YOLOv3‑tiny,and YOLOv5s,it improved by 6.2,and 2.2 percentage points respectively.The model size was 9.73 MB,which was reduced by 44.4% and 32.8% compared to YOLOv3‑tiny and YOLOv5s,respectively.Furthermore,by further reducing the number of parameters,a lightweight specialized model,YM‑GDM‑tiny,was obtained with a model size of 4.73 MB and a mAP50 of 86.8%,suitable for deployment on mobile devices with lower computing power. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics