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Research Progress of Porcine Getah Virus ZHANG Yuyang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 15-22.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.002 Abstract （1902）      PDF （1296KB）（3671）       Knowledge map    Save Getah Virus（GETV） is an emerging insect‑borne pathogen that has caused reproductive disorders in pigs and high mortality in piglets in many countries in recent years，posing a major threat to global animal husbandry and public health. This virus is primarily transmitted by mosquito bites，which can cause widespread infection in pigs and significantly affect reproductive performance and health.In response to the spread of the epidemic，it is urgent to conduct research on genomic characterization and molecular evolution to guide vaccine design and optimize prevention and control strategies.At the same time，it is necessary to clarify the law of GETV transmission through epidemiological investigation and analyze the pathogenic mechanism in order to provide theoretical support for epidemic prevention and control.In addition，improving the accuracy and timeliness of early diagnosis has become a key link in prevention and control.In view of the critical role of early diagnosis in epidemic prevention and control，based on the latest research results，the pathogenic characteristics，epidemiological characteristics，pathogenic mechanism，diagnostic techniques and prevention and control strategies of GETV were systematically discussed，aiming to provide theoretical support for clinical prevention and control，and provide scientific basis for vaccine development，diagnostic technology innovation and prevention and control policy formulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes in Physiological Characteristics and Cellular Structures of Tea Plant Leaves during Overwintering at Different Altitudes in Xinyang ZHANG Lintao, LUO Jinlei, HUANG Shuangjie, CHEN Yi, SUN Mufang, GUO Guiyi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 61-71.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.007 Abstract （1000）      PDF （14845KB）（75）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the low‑temperature stress response mechanisms of tea plants at different altitudes，we studied the Xinyang group species in the Shihe District of Xinyang City，Henan Province，at altitudes of 100 m and 600 m. We analyzed the photosynthetic characteristics，antioxidant enzyme activities，membrane lipid peroxidation levels，and tissue cell structure changes of tea leaves during the overwintering period. Results showed that during the pre‑winter（T1），mid‑winter（T2），and late‑winter（T3）stages，the net photosynthetic rate of low‑altitude tea plants was 0.6，1.5，and 1.2 times higher than that of high‑altitude tea plants，respectively. Chlorophyll content in low‑altitude plants was 36.91% and 48.19% higher than in high‑altitude plants during T2 and T3.Low‑altitude plants also exhibited more intact chloroplast structures.Throughout the overwintering period，superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity in leaves of tea plants at both altitudes first increased and then decreased，peaking in T2.During T1，T2，and T3，SOD activity in high‑altitude tea leaves was 25.20%，27.05%，and 20.59% higher than in low‑altitude tea leaves，respectively.However，catalase（CAT）activity in high‑altitude tea leaves was 27.27%，29.48%，and 26.64% lower than in low‑altitude leaves. Peroxidase（POD）activity showed a trend similar to that of CAT activity.The malondialdehyde（MDA）content of high‑altitude plants in T2 and T3 was significantly higher than that of low‑altitude plants，increasing by 72.21% and 77.04%，respectively.Structural observations revealed that the mesophyll thickness of high‑altitude tea plants increased significantly in T2 and T3，rising by 10.19% and 10.47% compared to T1.The stomatal opening rate and open area of high‑altitude plants decreased significantly in T2.Compared between the two altitudes，low‑altitude tea leaves had higher cell wall thickness and stomatal density，averaging 36.92% and 22.52% higher than high‑altitude tea leaves，respectively.In conclusion，low‑altitude tea plants adapt to low‑temperature environments by maintaining high photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant capacity，as well as by enhancing cell wall and stomatal structures.In contrast，high‑altitude tea plants optimize water management by increasing mesophyll thickness and adjusting stomatal opening，although this may come at the cost of reduced photosynthetic efficiency. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing System in Wheat Breeding CHEN Yanyan1, ZHAO Mingzhong1, LI Yan1, 2, HUA Xia1, FANG Yuhui1, 2, GONG Chen1, QI Xueli1, 2 Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.001 Abstract （981）      PDF （1381KB）（240）       Knowledge map    Save Wheat is a crucial cereal crop，and the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system provides a powerful tool for wheat breeding. The principle of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system was elaborated，its applications in enhancing wheat yield related traits，improving grain quality，increasing stress resistance（biotic and abiotic stresses），and accelerating the breeding process were reviewed，and the current challenges and future prospects were explored，providing a theoretical foundation for molecular breeding of wheat. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Current Status and Research Progress on the Resource Utilization of Spent Mushroom Substrate in Edible Fungi Cultivation ZHANG Chaohui, LIU Yang, ZHANG Guang, WANG Zhenhe, QIU Liyou Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 1-14.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.001 Abstract （738）      PDF （5411KB）（4406）       Knowledge map    Save Edible fungi cultivation is the fifth‑largest planting industry in China and an important pillar for rural revitalization.When the edible fungi industry is developing rapidly，a large amount of spent mushroom substrate（SMS）is generated.A lot of SMS is casually discarded or incinerated，resulting in serious environmental pollution and resource waste.Therefore，the issue of the resource‑based utilization of SMS has received widespread attention.Based on the analysis of the source，physical and chemical properties，and nutritional components of SMS，this paper comprehensively reviews the current situation and research progress of the resource‑based utilization of SMS.This includes SMS being used as energy materials，for the production of bio‑fertilizers，for improving the soil environment，for the extraction of bioactive substances，and for the manufacture of composite materials，etc.It also points out the existing problems in the utilization of SMS.Combining with the development status of the edible fungi industry，this paper looks ahead to the comprehensive utilization of SMS，aiming to increase the utilization rate of SMS and promote the sustainable development of the edible fungi industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of Fish Community Structure in Qianxia Lake CHEN Huan, LIAN Qingping, MENG Zhou, GUO Aihuan, SHENG Pengcheng, CHEN Guangmei, YUAN Julin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 141-149.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.015 Abstract （621）      PDF （2227KB）（437）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the characteristics of fish community structure in Qianxia Lake，a two‐year survey was conducted from 2022 to 2023，with sampling performed once in March，July，October，and December of each year，resulting in a total of eight sampling events. The results showed that a total of 40 fish species were collected and identified，belonging to 3 orders，9 families，and 31 genera.Among them，Cypriniformes accounted for the highest proportion（30 species，75%）.Ecological type analysis indicated that sedentary（92.50%），omnivorous（50%），and bottom‐dwelling fish（42.5%）were the main ecological groups.Community structure analysis identified six dominant species：Hemiculter leucisculus，Sinibrama macrops，Xenocypris microlepis，Coptodon zillii，Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Culter alburnus.The results of Margalef species richness index and Shannon‐Wiener diversity index in biodiversity indexes showed that 2023 was higher than 2022.The results of catch per unit fishing effort showed that the average catch number per unit fishing effort and catch biomass per unit fishing effort in 2023 were higher than those in 2022，and the peak of catch number per unit fishing effort and catch biomass per unit fishing effort appeared in July 2023，with values of 8.32 ind（/m²·d）and 1 131.88 g（/m²·d），respectively.The abundance‐biomass comparison curve（W2=0.037）indicated that the water body was in a moderately disturbed state.In summary，the construction of the Qianxia Lake Reservoir has changed the original fish resources situation. At the same time，the increase in the number of alien species and the risk of fish miniaturization may have a negative impact on the indigenous fish in the water area. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Synergistic Efficiency Mechanism and Key Technologies of Maize⁃Peanut Strip Intercropping LIU Juan, ZHANG Jingjing, ZHOU Liyao, CUI Ya’nan, LIU Bing, XU Risheng, MA Tengfei, CHEN Yafei, LIU Haijiao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2026, 55 (3): 10-18.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.03.002 Abstract （560）      PDF （1722KB）（154）       Knowledge map    Save Maize⁃peanut strip intercropping is an intensive and sustainable agroecosystem，and plays a critical role in ensuring the coordinated security of grain and oil crops in China.This paper systematically elucidated the‘aboveground⁃belowground’synergistic mechanisms of maize⁃peanut strip intercropping，from the aspects of efficient light utilization of aboveground part，coordinated and efficient utilization of water，and rhizosphere interactions coupled with nutrient cycling of belowground part. Furthermore，key cultivation techniques were summarized，including planting patterns，planting density，cultivar selection，and precision nutrient management.The productivity， economic benefit， and ecological and environmental benefits of maize⁃peanut strip intercropping were also clarified. Finally，the future development prospect was discussed. Table and Figures | Related Articles | Metrics

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Process Optimization of Microbe‐Enzyme Synergy Fermentation of Low‐grade Tobacco Leaves and Impact on Aroma Components LIU Yuanshang, WU Pan, ZHAO Yifan, DONG Lu, QU Lili, TIAN Shu, XU Chunping Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 159-170.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.017 Abstract （541）      PDF （7092KB）（186）       Knowledge map    Save To improve the quality and usability of low‐grade tobacco leaves，aroma‐producing yeast（Y8‐12）and different biological enzyme preparations were used to co‐ferment low‐grade tobacco leaves，and the best combination of microbe‐enzyme preparations that could significantly improve the quality of tobacco leaves was screened.Subsequently，based on the degree of quality improvement，fermentation parameters were systematically optimized using single factor experiments combined with response surface methodology.Finally，changes in chemical composition and sensory quality before and after fermentation under optimal conditions were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that different biological enzyme preparations combined with aroma‐producing yeast fermentation could effectively improve the quality of tobacco leaves.Among them，the G4 group composed of cellulase+pectinase+hemicellulase+lipase+aroma‐producing yeast had the most obvious improvement effect，its quality improvement degree reached 0.94，and the content of total volatile aroma components increased to 197.57 μg/g.Through the response surface optimization combined with the actual production operation，the optimum process conditions were determined as follows：Fermentation time 4 d，fermaentation temperature 37 ℃，enzyme addition 0.4%.Under these conditions，the quality improvement degree increased to 1.15.After fermentation，the reducing sugar，chlorine and total sugar contents increased by 18.28%，-13.33% and 9.62%，respectively.The content of characteristic aroma substances such as phenylethanol，4‐oxo‐isophorone， geranylacetone，megastigmatrienone and phenethyl acetate were increased significantly.In summary，microbe‐enzyme synergistic fermentation under suitable conditions offers a rapid and effective strategy for improving low‐grade tobacco leaves and provides a reference for microbial applications in the tobacco industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Artemisia argyi Powder on Growth Performance，Nutrient Apparent Digestibility，Antioxidant Function and Fecal Microbial Population in Fattening Pigs KU Chaofeng, WANG Xianwei, LÜ Lingyan, ZHANG Jiaqing, LIU Yang, SONG Weiyi, ZHANG Junxia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 141-148.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.015 Abstract （524）      PDF （1265KB）（102）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the effects of Artemisia argyi powder on production performance，nutrient apparent digestibility，antioxidant function and the number of fecal microorganisms of fattening pigs，48“Changbai×Dabai”binary fattening pigs with body weight of 50.0 kg were randomly divided into 4 groups：the control group was fed with basal diet only；the experimental groups were added with 2%，4% and 6% Artemisia argyi powder，which were recorded as AAP‑1 group，AAP‑2 group and AAP‑3 group，respectively.The feeding experiment was conducted from May to July 2024，and the indexes were measured after the end. The results showed that in terms of groduction performance，the final weight of the AAP‑2 group and the average daily gain of the three experimental groups were significantly improved.The final weight and average daily gain of the AAP‑2 group were 10.26% and 19.10% higher than those of the control group，respectively.At the same time，the feed‑weight ratio of the AAP‑2 group and the diarrhea rate of the three experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the control group，with feed‑weight ratio and diarrhea rate of the AAP‑2 group decreased by 12.03% and 23.83%，respectively.In terms of nutrient apparent digestibility，compared with the control group，the apparent digestibility of calcium，crude protein and crude fat in the three experimental groups was significantly increased.Among them，the AAP‑2 group showed the greatest improvement，with the digestibility of calcium，crude protein，and crude fat increased by 16.82%，10.14%，and 13.48%，respectively，compared to the control group.In terms of antioxidant function，the activities of catalase，glutathione peroxidase，superoxide dismutase，and total antioxidant capacity in the AAP‑2 group were 36.77%，21.13%，20.36%，44.80% higher than those in the control group，respectively.The content of malondialdehyde decreased by 25.70% compared with the control group.In terms of the number of fecal microorganisms，the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the AAP‑2 group increased by 19.61% and 11.85%，respectively，compared with the control group，while the number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella decreased by 11.18% and 22.09%，respectively.In summary，the addition of 4% Artemisia argyi powder can improve production performance，increase nutrient apparent digestibility，enhance antioxidant function，and increase the number of beneficial bacteriaand reduce the number of harmful bacteria in feces of fattening pigs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stalk Traits and Comprehensive Evaluation of Lodging Resistance of 150 Maize Inbred Lines SHI Dakun, LI Fangjie, WEI Xiaoyi, HONG Defeng, LIU Jingwei, WANG Jiamu, ZHANG Xuehai, WEI Feng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 51-59.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.006 Abstract （514）      PDF （3631KB）（68）       Knowledge map    Save The stem traits（including stem length，stem diameter，dry weight，dry weight per unit length of the aboveground 3rd to 5th internodes，stem puncture strength and stem crushing strength）of 150 improved American maize inbred lines（with Zheng 58 as the control）planted during 2023—2024 were analyzed.Correlation analysis，cluster analysis，principal component analysis（PCA），and grey relational analysis were comprehensively applied to evaluate lodging resistance，and screen inbred lines with high lodging resistance，so as to provide theoretical support for the breeding of lodging‐resistant maize varieties.The results showed that among the 150 maize inbred lines，the dry weight of the aboveground 3rd internode exhibited the richest variation，with the largest variation coefficients of 46.51% and 39.52% in two years，respectively.Correlation analysis revealed that stem crushing strength was extremely significantly positively correlated with stem puncture strength；both stem puncture strength and stem crushing strength were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the aboveground 3rd internode stem length，as well as stem diameter，dry weight，and dry weight per unit length of the aboveground 3rd to 5th internodes.Cluster analysis indicated that the maize inbred lines were divided into 4 clusters，among which cluster Ⅰ and cluster Ⅱ had high stem puncture strength and stem crushing strength.Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rates of the first two principal components in 2023 and the first three principal components in 2024 reached 82.51% and 84.57%，respectively.A total of 9 inbred lines（XM082，XM026，XM059，XM107，XM084，XF001，XM119，XM117，XM040）ranked in the top 20% of the 150 inbred lines in terms of comprehensive lodging resistance score in both 2023 and 2024，and their comprehensive lodging resistance scores were significantly higher than that of the control Zheng 58.Grey relational analysis demonstrated that the dry weight，dry weight per unit length and stem diameter of the aboveground 3rd to 5th internodes had relatively high relational degrees with the comprehensive lodging resistance score，which could be used as important indicators for the identification of maize lodging resistance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of Weed Community in Soybean Field and Screening of Highly Effective Herbicides YANG Ruosheng, LI Jiuying, XUE Fei, SUN Lanlan, SU Wangcang, XU Hongle, WU Renhai Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (12): 110-120.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.12.012 Abstract （476）      PDF （1408KB）（125）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the occurrence of malignant weeds in soybean fields in Henan Province and identify herbicides for controlling harmful broadleaf weeds therein，field surveys were carried out to statistically analyze the weed community in 19 major soybean⁃producing regions of Henan Province，and laboratory bioassays were performed to evaluate the activity of 11 soil treatment herbicides and 14 foliar treatment herbicides against the malignant weeds in soybean fields，including C.melo，C.argentea，C.communis，and A.retroflexus.The results of weed community survey showed that 8 weed species，including D.sanguinalis，A.australis，T.aestivum，A.retroflexus，E.indica，C.melo，P.oleracea，and E.crus‑galli，had a relative abundance of over 20% in soybean fields，while the relative abundance of A. theophrasti，E. prostrata，C.argentea，V.radiata，S.viridis，and C.ficifolium ranged from 3% to 20%.The results of laboratory bioassays indicated that the soil treatment herbicides metribuzin，prometryn，pyroxasulfone，and foliar treatment herbicides such as glufosinate⁃ammonium，lactofen，fluoroglycofen⁃ethyl，and MCPA⁃Na had high efficacy against C.melo.The soil treatment herbicides metribuzin，prometryn，oxyfluorfen，pyroxasulfone，flumioxazin，and s⁃metolachlor，along with foliar treatment herbicides such as fomesafen，bentazone，glyphosate，imazamox，glufosinate⁃ammonium，and imazethapyr exhibited high efficacy against C.argentea.For C.communis，only acetochlor with different application amounts showed higher efficacy and fluroxypyr had high control efficacy on it among foliar treatment herbicides.The soil treatment herbicides acetochlor，flufenacet⁃methyl，metribuzin，and pyroxasulfone，along with foliar treatment herbicides such as MCPA⁃Na，imazethapyr，and lactofen showed high efficacy against A.retroflexus.In conclusion，eight weeds species including D.sanguinalis，A.australis，A.retroflexus，and C.melo were the dominant noxious weeds in soybean fields of Henan Province. Metribuzin had the best pre⁃emergence control effect on C.melo and C.argentea，while acetochlor exhibited the best pre⁃emergence control effect against C.communis and A.retroflexus.The most effective foliar herbicides for C.melo，C.argentea，C.communis，and A.retroflexus were glufosinate⁃ammonium，fomesafen，fluroxypyr，and MCPA⁃Na，respectively. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of 11 Different Varieties of Pear Paste ZHANG Sipu, CUI Wei, ZHANG Ke, LU Yunfeng, MIAO Jianyin, GUO Chaofeng, XIE Yuanming, ZHANG Yanmin, NIU Jiajia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (12): 167-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.12.016 Abstract （462）      PDF （17589KB）（31）       Knowledge map    Save To identify pear varieties suitable for pear paste processing，this study measured the colorimetric indices，total acidity，vitamin C content，total phenolic content，amino acid composition，and volatile components of syrups produced from 11 major pear varieties cultivated in Henan Province.The pastes were assessed using an essential amino acid（EAA）scoring system，and a comprehensive evaluation was conducted via principal component analysis.The results showed that Huangguan pear paste had the highest clarity（87.65%）and the lowest browning degree（0.53）.Yuluxiang pear had the highest essential amino acid/total amino acid（25.04%）and essential amino/non⁃essential amino acid（34.17%），which was close to the requirements of ideal protein. Wonhwang pear paste achieved the highest essential amino acid ratio coefficient（SRC，87.35）.The essential amino acid index（EAAI）values of Hongxiangsu，Zhongli No.1，Yuluxiang，and Wanxiu pear pastes were all near 1.0，indicating high nutritional quality of their essential amino acids.A total of 41 volatile compounds were identified across varieties，with Hwasan pear paste having the highest number of volatile component types（21）.There was a strong correlation between various indicators.By introducing 71 indicators of different varieties of pear paste into the factor analysis calculation system，10 common factors were obtained. The cumulative contribution rate of the first 7 factors was 89.03%，and the model was obtained according to the variance contribution rate：Y=0.244 9F1+0.153 4F2+0.143 6F3+0.113 6F4+0.100 4F5+0.073 0F6+0.061 5F7.Comprehensive scores ranked the varieties in descending order as follows：Akizuki，Hwasan，Wanxiu，Hwanggeumbae，Yuluxiang，Huangguan，Hongzaosu，Wonhwang，Suli，Hongxiangsu，Zhongli No. 1 pear paste. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of 2，4‐epibrassinolide and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Hormone Metabolism of Rhododendron hybridum under High Temperature Stress GUO Jia, XIONG Dingwei, YANG Lijuan, CHENG Jianjun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 110-120.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.012 Abstract （461）      PDF （4677KB）（129）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the mechanism of heat tolerance in Rhododendron hybridum under high temperature stress by foliar application of 2，4‐electrobrassinolide（EBR），inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF）Diversifiospora epigaea，as well as their combined treatment，using Rhododendron hybridum ‘Yunqi Yanxia’cuttings as experimental materials，indoor pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of control（CK，normal temperature，without adding AMF or EBR treatment），separate high temperature treatment（HS），HS+AMF，HS+EBR，HS+EBR+AMF treatment on the photosynthetic pigment content，gas exchange parameters，chlorophyll fluorescence parameters，and hormone content of R.hybridum.Under high temperature stress，the growth of R.hybridum was inhibited，and the appearance phenotype was characterized by yellowing and reduced leaf size，with most leaves dying. Spraying EBR on leaves could promote the increase of AMF infection rate，branch attachment rate，and vesicles，but had no significant effect on AMF number of entry point.Compared with high temperature treatment alone（HS），the content of chlorophyll a，chlorophyll b，total chlorophyll，and carotenoids in R.hybridum increased by 84.3%，182.3%，105.8%，and 150.6%，respectively，under HS+EBR+AMF treatment.The net photosynthetic rate（Pn），transpiration rate（Tr），stomatal conductance（Gs），and instantaneous water use efficiency（WUE） increased by 129.5%，78.9%，32.7%，and 28.1%，while the intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci） decreased by 11.7%.At the same time，HS+EBR+AMF treatment increased the maximum photochemical quantum efficiency（Fv/Fm），PSⅡ potential activity（Fv/Fo），and photochemical quenching coefficient（qP）of PSⅡ in the leaves of R.hybridum，while reducing the non photochemical quenching coefficient（NPQ）.It promoted the energy used for electron transfer per unit reaction center（EETo/RC），absorbed light energy per unit area（EABS/CSm），captured light energy（ETRo/CSm），and quantum yield of electron transfer（EETo/CSm） in R. hybridum leaves.Under high temperature stress，the contents of zeaxanthin（ZT），gibberellin（GA3），and indole‐3‐acetic acid（IAA） in the leaves of R.hybridum decreased，while the content of abscisic acid（ABA）increased.After HS+EBR+AMF treatment，ZT，GA3，and IAA contents increased by 54.2%，43.2%，and 29.5%，respectively，while the content of ABA decreased by 26.5%.EBR can promote the infection and development of AMF，and compared with single AMF or EBR treatment，the combination of the two treatments has the best effect on enhancing the heat tolerance of R.hybridum. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Remediation Effects of Protaetia brevitarsis Frass on Chromium‑Arsenic Contaminated Soil‑Cherry Radish System XIA Zhenxiang, MENG Zhongju, WU Xiuhua, YANG Chao, ZHANG Xiujun, LIU Qian, HE Xin, WU Jiatong, ZHANG Yanru Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 103-111.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.011 Abstract （455）      PDF （4181KB）（951）       Knowledge map    Save To systematically evaluate the passivation and remediation efficiency，as well as the improvement of physicochemical properties and plant physiological metabolism of Cr and As contaminated soil in mine tailings ponds by the P.brevitarsis larvae frass sand，a greenhouse pot cultivation method was used. Cherry radish was selected as the test crop，and seven treatment levels were set up［insect feces sand was added at 0%（CK），10%（T1），20%（T2），40%（T3），50%（TN），80%（T4），and 100%（T5）of soil weight］to study its effects on soil physicochemical properties，soil Cr and As content，and soil enzyme activity. At the same time，its effect on photosynthetic indicators，heavy metal content in edible parts，and plant enzyme activity of cherry radish were analyzed.The results showed that with the increase of application rate of P.brevitarsis larvae frass sand，soil pH value，heavy metals Cr and As content showed a decreasing trend，while conductivity，organic matter content，available nitrogen content，available phosphorus content，soil urease activity，invertase activity，and catalase activity significantly increased（P<0. 05）.Cherry radish showed reduced absorption of Cr and As，improved photosynthetic indicators（relative chlorophyll content，leaf nitrogen content），and increased antioxidant enzyme（superoxide dismutase，peroxidase，catalase）activity. The redundancy analysis results showed that soil organic matter content was the core driving factor（with a contribution rate of 83.0%），indicating its central role in soil fertility.In summary，the P.brevitarsis larvae frass sand could enhance the adsorption capacity of soil heavy metals（Cr，As）by regulating soil physical and chemical properties，improving soil fertility and soil enzyme activity，and could effectively reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals，alleviating the toxicity to cherry radishes.Among them，adding insect feces sand at 80% of soil weight（T4 treatment）has a better effect on soil remediation and plant safety production. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Metabolite Differences and Anthocyanin Quantitative Analysis of Black Wolfberry from Different Regions WU Jingjie, LIU Hongxia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2026, 55 (1): 76-87.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.01.007 Abstract （455）      PDF （10715KB）（24）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the differences in metabolite composition and anthocyanin content among black wolfberries（Lycium ruthenicum）from different origins，so as to provide a basis for quality evaluation and origin identification of black wolfberries，based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry（UHPLC‐MS/MS） technology combined with multivariate statistical analysis，the metabolic differences of black wolfberries from three origins，namely，Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Province（QHL），Linzhi City in Tibet Autonomous Region（XZL），and Shenmu City in Shaanxi Province（SXL），were systematically compared，and a quantitative analysis method of anthocyanin was established for determination and comparison. The results showed that a total of 21 categories and 629 metabolites were identified in the fruits of black wolfberries from the three origins，with flavonoids，amino acids and their derivatives，and organic acids and their derivatives accounting for a relatively higher proportion.Principal component analysis（PCA）and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis（OPLS‐DA）results indicated significant differences in the metabolism of black wolfberries from the three origins.The screening results of differential metabolites showed that there were 494 differential metabolites between SXL and QHL black wolfberries，111 between XZL and QHL black wolfberries，and 478 between XZL and SXL.The quantitative analysis results of anthocyanins showed that，calculated as delphinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside（DPG）equivalents，the total anthocyanin content of QHL black wolfberries was the highest，at 49.71 mg/g；XZL was second，at 37.58 mg/g；and SXL was the lowest，at 32.23 mg/g.The KEGG enrichment analysis results indicated that the differential metabolites were mainly enriched in pathways related to tryptophan metabolism，amino acid biosynthesis，and flavonoid biosynthesis.In summary，there were significant differences in the metabolites of black wolfberry fruits from Qinghai，Tibet，and Shaanxi，with the highest anthocyanin content in Qinghai origin，and these differences were mainly enriched in pathways related to amino acid and flavonoid biosynthesis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Growth Characteristics and Resource Status of Dominant Fish Species in Henan Section of the Main Stream of the Yellow River ZHANG Qingqing, HE Haizhan, FANG Dongdong, MA Chao, WANG Zhaoping, YANG Hui, HUI Jun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 131-140.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.014 Abstract （454）      PDF （3257KB）（95）       Knowledge map    Save To evaluate the growth dynamics and utilization status of fish resources in the Henan section of the main stream of the Yellow River，fish resources were investigated in 11 sections of Henan section of the main stream of the Yellow River in June（summer）and October（autumn）of 2023，January（winter）and May（spring）of 2024. Growth and mortality parameters as well as resource utilization status were analyzed for five dominant fish species Parabramis pekinensis，Carassius auratus，Hemiculter leucisculus，Pseudobrama simoni，Cyprinus carpio by using FiSAT Ⅱ software.The Beverton‐Holt dynamic comprehensive model was applied to assess management strategies. The results showed that the growth index（b）of the five fish species ranged from 3.02 to 3.22，exhibiting positive allometric growth.The growth coefficient（K）was 0.39—0.93，so all of them were rapid growth type.The growth performance index（φ'） was 4.02—5.41.The resource exploitation rate of four fish species，except for Cyprinus carpio，were all lower than the exploitation rate which produces maximum sustainable yield，suggesting that the stocks were not over‐exploited. The results of the Bverton‐Hort dynamic comprehensive model showed that the current catchable body length of Cyprinus carpio was relatively smaller，and increasing the catchable body length was more conducive to the recovery of fish resources than reducing the fishing intensity.Optimal resource protection and management would be achieved by setting size‐at‐first‐capture limits at 236 mm for Parabramis pekinensis，165 mm for Carassius auratus，89 mm for Hemiculter leucisculus，86 mm for Pseudobrama simoni，and 490 mm for Cyprinus carpio.In summary，in the Henan section of the the main stream of the Yellow River，the growth rate of the five dominant fish species showes an accelerating trend；Cyprinus carpio resources are overexploited. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of High and Stable Yield Performance and Genetic Characteristics of New Wheat Cultivar Zhengmai 9134 DONG Haibin, ZHAO Mingzhong, WANG Songfeng, DU Xijun, ZHANG Yu, QI Xueli Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 12-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.002 Abstract （439）      PDF （88651KB）（87）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the data from the regional（2019—2021）and production trials（2020—2021）of wheat varieties resistant to Fusarium head blight in Henan Province，this study systematically analyzed the high and stable yield performance of Zhengmai 9134 and the relationship between yield and its components.Meanwhile，by using the 660K wheat chip and 0.1K functional chip，the genetic characteristics were deeply analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for its production application and parental utilization.The results showed that Zhengmai 9134 had good characteristics with high and stable yield and wide adaptability.Compared with the control variety Bainong 207，the average yield of Zhengmai 9134 reached 7 383.5 kg/ha，with increase of 6.63%；the average high stability coefficient of Zhengmai 9134 was 82.01%，with increase of 5.66 percentage points；and the average adaptation degree of Zhengmai 9134 was 78.31%，much higher than the control.Through the correlation analysis and path analysis of yield and its three components，it was found that the effective spike number had the highest direct effect on yield，followed by the thousand‐grain weight and grain number per spike.The genetic contribution of Zhengmai 0943 to Zhengmai 9134 was slightly greater than that of Xinmai 22，and the genetic transmission rates were 51.07% and 48.00%，respectively.In addition，the genetic contribution of the parents of Zhengmai 9134 had genome‐specific differences. Among them，Xinmai 22 had a higher genetic transmission rate at the A and D genome levels，which were 65.19% and 68.07%，respectively，while Zhengmai 0943 had a higher genetic transmission rate at the B genome level，which was 69. 85%. Zhengmai 9134 aggregated multiple important functional genes，including five QTL loci with resistance to stripe rust （Yr29，QYrqin.nwafu‑2AL，QYrqin.nwafu‑2BL，QYr.nwafu‑3BS and QYr.nwafu‑4BL），two genes with resistance to leaf rust（Lr37and Lr67），two loci with resistance to Fusarium head blight（QFhb.hbaas‑5AS and QFhb.caas‑5AL），two grain weight genes（Tabas1 and TaGW2‑6A），and one gene related to grain size（QGl‑4A）. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Monitoring of Direct‑seeded Rice SPAD values Based on UAV Remote Sensing Technology JIANG Xun, LIU Wei, ZHANG Dahong, YOU Hao, FU Bin, LI Yanli, LU Bilin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 149-158.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.016 Abstract （439）      PDF （11193KB）（31）       Knowledge map    Save Accurately obtaining chlorophyll content in direct‑seeded rice is of great significance for innovating unmanned rice direct seedling cultivation management technologies.Field experiments were conducted to identify the optimal monitoring model for the relative chlorophyll content（SPAD value）in leaves of direct‑seeded rice.This study systematically examined the correlations between 13 commonly used multispectral feature indices and SPAD values，followed by a comparative analysis of SPAD estimation results derived from four modeling approaches：Particle swarm optimization‑support vector machine（PSO‑SVM），random forest（RF），radial basis function（RBF）neural network，and least squares support vector machine（LSSVM）.The results showed that the SPAD value of direct‑seeded rice leaves exhibited significant variation with growth progression under different treatments，and the SPAD values at the same growth stage generally followed the trend：N4（N 240 kg/ha）>N3（N 195 kg/ha）>N2（N 150 kg/ha）>N1（N 75 kg/ha）>N0（N 0 kg/ha）.During the three critical growth periods（the tillering，jointing，heading periods）of direct‑seeded rice，the vegetation indices NDVI，RVI，SAVI，CIgreen，and GNDVI all showed strong correlations with SPAD values，with the absolute values of correlation coefficients reaching 0.838，0.783，0.838，0.671，and 0.690，respectively. Independent validation using PSO‑SVM，RF，RBF，and LSSVM models yielded determination coefficients（Rcv²）of 0.770，0.771，0.857，and 0.773，respectively.This indicates that the RBF neural network‑based model provides the best predictive performance for monitoring SPAD values in the leaves of direct‑seeded rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Differences in Physiological and Molecular Responses of Different Saline‑Alkali Tolerant Types of Rice Roots to Saline‑Alkali Stress GOU Ruili, SHE Yangmengfei, FANG Jingying, TIAN Haotian, MA Guolin, TIAN Lei, LUO Chengke Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 34-42.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.004 Abstract （436）      PDF （7686KB）（161）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of saline‑alkali mixed stress（saline‑alkali concentration of 100 mmol/L with Na2SO4‑NaHCO3‑NaCl ratio of 1∶2∶1，pH 8.41）on the root growth，physiological characteristics and expression levels of saline‑alkali tolerance related genes of rice seedlings were studied with Ningjing 52 and Chen 2 as materials，and the differences in the response of different types of rice roots to saline‑alkali stress were revealed from the physiological and molecular levels. The results showed that there was no obvious difference in most root morphological indexes，physiological indexes and the expression level of saline‑alkali tolerance related genes between the two types of rice under normal condition.Under saline‑alkali stress，the total root length of Ningjing 52 significantly reduced by 26.40% compared with Chen 2，but the total root surface area and root volume significantly increased by 18.17% and 21.72%，respectively.The root activity，total root absorption area，peroxidase（POD）and catalase（CAT）activities of Ningjing 52 significantly increased by 31.95%，34.49%，16.95% and 41.67%，respectively，compared with Chen 2，while the contents of malondialdehyde（MDA）and hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）significantly reduced by 13.85% and 24.63%，respectively.The expression levels of OsCATC，OsP5CS，OsSOS1 and SKC1 genes in the roots of Ningjing 52 were significantly higher than those of Chen 2 at 1 h under saline‑alkali stress，which were 16.15，1.54，20.34 and 9.73 times that of Chen 2，respectively.The expression levels of OsNIN3 and ALT1 genes were 2.35 and 4.53 times higher than those of Chen 2 at 3 h under saline‑alkali stress，respectively.Correlation analysis showed that the total root length of rice was significantly positively correlated with the total root surface area，and the activities of POD，CAT and free proline content of Ningjing 52 and Chen 2 were significantly positively correlated with the expression levels of OsNIN3 and SKC1 genes.The content of H2O2 in the roots of Ningjing 52 was significantly negatively correlated with the expression levels of OsP5CS and OsNIN3 genes，and the total volume，vigor and total absorption area of Chen 2 roots were significantly positively correlated with CAT activity and free proline content，respectively.In conclusion，compared with Chen 2，Ningjing 52 enhances tolerance to saline‑alkali stress by improving root structure，root vigor，antioxidant enzyme activity and expression levels of saline‑alkali tolerance related genes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the Disease Prevention and Growth‑promoting Effects of Bacillus velezensis Bv1‑4 on Three Medicinal Plants and Its Whole Genome Analysis WANG Fei, LI Xuemeng, YANG Jin, GUO Zhichen, SONG Luyang, QIN Yanhong, WEN Yi, GAO Suxia, LU Shuhao, LIU Qi, QI Hongzhi, LI Shaojian Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (11): 79-90.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.11.009 Abstract （435）      PDF （12037KB）（31）       Knowledge map    Save To evaluate the biocontrol and growth‑promoting effects of Bacillus velezensis Bv1‑4 on three medicinal plants（Dioscorea opposite Thunb.，Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch.，Achyranthes bidentata Blume.）and elucidate its mechanisms，the antagonistic effects against different pathogens were assessed through plate confrontation assays and fermentation filtrate antibacterial tests，and the control efficacy was validated through indoor pot trials. Whole‑genome sequencing of strain Bv1‑4 was conducted using third‑generation sequencing technology，and genomic characteristics were analyzed to identify functional genes and assess secondary metabolite biosynthesis potential，thereby further elucidating its antagonistic mechanisms.The results showed that antibacterial rates of isolate Bv1‑4 against Fusarium solani F.oxysporum and F.proliferatum were 67.12%，54.20% and 67.97%，respectively.Both fermented filtrate and sterilized fermented filtrate inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination.In pot experiments，the biocontrol efficacy of isolate Bv1‑4（45.39%—62.31%）was comparable to that of the 500‑fold dilution of 10% difenoconazole water‑dispersible granule. And sole inoculation with isolate Bv1‑4 significantly increased root fresh weight of D.opposite，R.glutinosa，A.bidentata by 19.30%，36.66%，and 75.36%，respectively.Whole genome sequencing revealed that the genome of isolate Bv1‑4 was circular with a length of 4 075 292 bp and the G+C content of 46.35%，and had 4 030 protein‑coding genes.antiSMASH analysis predicted 14 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters in the genome of isolate Bv1‑4，including seven with complete（100%）similarity to clusters encoding amyloliquecidin GF610，macrolactin H，bacillaene，fengycin，difficidin，bacillibactin，and bacilysin.In conclusion，B.velezensis Bv1‑4 demonstrates excellent biocontrol efficacy against Fusarium diseases in medicinal plants，along with significant plant growth‑promoting traits. These findings highlight its potential for development as a specialized microbial agent for traditional Chinese medicinal crops. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation，Identification and Studies on Plant Growth‐Promoting Properties of a Saline‐Alkaline Tolerant Bacterium XU Yan, LIANG Zhenpu, ZHANG Guozhi, YANG Xinping, ZHANG Xiaoxia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 91-101.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.010 Abstract （429）      PDF （32883KB）（58）       Knowledge map    Save To provide microbial resources for the research and development of functional microbial fertilizers and the improvement of saline‐alkaline soil，saline‐alkaline tolerant plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Phragmites australis in the saline‐alkaline soil of Bachu County，Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Saline‐tolerant and alkaline‐tolerant microorganisms were enriched and cultivated using high‐saline and high‐alkali LB medium. Their taxonomic status was determined through morphological observation and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.The saline and alkaline tolerance and alkali reduction ability of the strains were measured using LB medium with different NaCl contents and pH values.The plant growth‐promoting related characteristics of the strains，including nitrogen fixation， organic phosphorus solubilization， inorganic phosphorus solubilization，1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate（ACC）deaminase production，siderophore production，and indole‐3‐acetic acid（IAA）production，were detected using different functional identification mediums and the Salkowski colorimetric method.The growth‐promoting ability of the strains were evaluated through plate and pot experiments. The results indicated that one strain of Aidingimonas was screened out and named Aidingimonas sp.Bachu42，with a patent deposit number of CGMCC No.26952.The strain Bachu42 could grow under the conditions of NaCl content ranging from 20 to 200 g/L and pH value ranging from 7.0 to 11.0.This strain had the functions of nitrogen fixation，organic phosphorus solubilization，inorganic phosphorus solubilization，and could produce siderophores，ACC deaminase and IAA（with the highest yield reaching 12.39 μg/mL）.Under the conditions of initial pH 8.0，9.0，and 10.0 of LB medium，the strain Bachu42 could reduce the pH value of the medium by 8.75%，12.78% and 20.10%，respectively.The growth promotion effect was most significant under the condition of pH 8.0+2.0 mmol/L NaHCO3 in the tomato plate growth‐promotion test.Compared with the control，the aerial fresh weight，underground fresh weight，total fresh weight，lateral root number and leaf number of tomato inoculated with Bachu42 increased by 81.26%，160.04%，96.37%，144.88% and 26.40%，respectively.In the pot experiment of maize，the strain Bachu42 had the best growth promotion effect under 15 g/kg saline‐alkaline stress.Compared with the control group，the growth rates of aerial fresh weight，underground fresh weight，total fresh weight and plant height were 95.77%，56.27%，76.99% and 38.16%，respectively，after inoculating the strain Bachu42.In conclusion，the strain Aidingimonas sp.Bachu42 isolated and screened in this study is a strain with saline‐tolerance，alkali reduction and growth‐promoting functions，and could be utilized as a microbial fertilizer strain resource for saline‐alkaline soil. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome‑wide Identification and Expression Analysis of TCP Transcription Factor Family in Melon LI Hailun, GAO Ningning, GUO Yaomiao, SUN Dongling, WANG Yueling, XIE Kuixi, LI Pengfei, DUAN Shixiang, ZHAO Weixing, YANG Sen Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 127-140.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.014 Abstract （426）      PDF （15400KB）（46）       Knowledge map    Save TCP gene family is a class of transcription factors unique to plants and closely related to different stages of plant growth and development. There are few reports on the TCP gene family in melon.In this study，the members of the TCP gene family in melon were identified through bioinformatics methods，and their physicochemical properties，subcellular localization，phylogenetic evolution，chromosomal location，gene structure，conserved motifs，cis‑elements，miRNAs and gene expression patterns were analyzed.The results revealed that a total of 29 members were identified within the TCP gene family.All these members contained the TCP domain and were unevenly distributed across nine chromosomes.The amino acid numbers of melon TCP transcription factor family proteins ranged from 61 to 600 aa，the molecular weights ranged from 7 115.16 to 65 469.20 u，and the theoretical isoelectric points ranged from 5.62 to 10.06.Subcellular localization prediction analysis revealed that 28 TCP proteins were localized within the nucleus.According to the phylogenetic analysis，the family members could be divided into two subfamilies，Class Ⅰ and Class Ⅱ ，and further subdivided into three subgroups：PCF，CYC/TB1 and CIN.The gene structures of CmTCPs were relatively simple，all members containing 1 or 2 exons，and only a few genes contained introns.All the 29 genes contained motif 1，and the Motifs contained by different subgroups were different.The cis‑element prediction analysis showed that the promoter sequences of the melon TCP gene family were mainly composed of light response，hormone response，growth and development‑related elements.The miRNA prediction analysis obtained 25 miRNAs interacting with 13 CmTCP genes.The analysis of RNA‑Seq data of melon genome database showed that 26 CmTCP genes had both distinct tissue‑specific expression and specific expression in certain tissue parts in melon tissues.The results of qRT‑PCR indicated that the relative expression levels of CmTCP‑CYC/TB1 gene family members in different tissues of melon were significantly different. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolution of Quality Traits of Wheat Varieties and Difference among Different Regions in China from 2021 to 2024 ZHANG Fan, DONG Junhong, HOU Junhong, LIU Guotao, YANG Chunling Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (11): 18-29.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.11.003 Abstract （418）      PDF （58194KB）（57）       Knowledge map    Save In order to verify the evolution of wheat quality traits and the differences between different regions in recent years，660 national authorized wheat varieties from 11 regions were used to analyze seven quality traits（volumn weight，grain protein content，wet gluten content，stability time，water absorption rate，maximum tensile resistance and extension area）from 2021 to 2024.The results showed that the average volumn weight of wheat kernels was 808 g/L，protein content was 14.1%，wet gluten content was 31.6%，stability time was 6.2 min，water absorption rate was 59.5%，maximum tensile resistance was 383 EU，and extension area was 82 cm2 of 660 national authorized wheat varieties from 11 regions in 2021—2024. The protein content，wet gluten content，water absorption rate and maximum tensile resistance of majority varieties reached the standard of strong gluten wheat，and the main constraining index was stability time. On the whole，the medium gluten wheat varieties were main，and the weak gluten wheat varieties number were the least. Among years，the proportion of medium‑strong gluten varieties generally increased firstly and then stabilized，the proportion of weak gluten wheat decreased，while the proportion of strong gluten wheat showed no obvious pattern；volumn weight，stability time，maximum tensile resistance and extension area generally increased firstly and then decreased，but protein content，wet gluten content and water absorption rate generally decreased. Among 11 regions，strong gluten wheat varieties were mainly distributed in the southern irrigated group（G3）and northern irrigated group（G4）of Huang‑Huai winter wheat area，and weak gluten wheat varieties were only distributed in the upper reach（G1）and the middle and lower reach（G2）of Yangtze River Valley. Among regions，the average protein content was the minimum（12.2%）in G1 region，and was the maximum（14.9%）in the northeastern spring wheat region（G8）and salt‑tolerant winter wheat group in Southern Xinjiang（G11）. The distribution of wet gluten content among 11 regions was consistent with that of protein content. The stability time varied greatly among 11 regions.The average stability time was the highest（7.2 min）in the northwest spring wheat region（G9），and was the lowest（2.4 min）in G1 region. There was no major difference in average water absorption rate among 11 regions. The maximum tensile resistance and tensile area were the smallest in G1 region，followed by G2 region. Correlation analysis showed that except for the correlation between water absorption rate and extension area，there was significant or extremely significant positive correlation among other indexes. The 11 regions were divided into three groups. The group 3 included G3，G4，G5，G7，G9，G10 and G11. The quality traits of the group 3 were better，and most of the quality indexes reached the standard of strong gluten or medium‑strong gluten wheat. Overall，the wheat varieties are mainly medium gluten type in China from 2021 to 2024，followed by middle‑strong gluten and strong gluten types，the weak gluten wheat varieties are extremely rare；the stability time between varieties varies greatly，and there is a large room for improvement，so it is suggested that this trait should be given particular attention in the future breeding process. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of R2R3⁃MYB Gene Family and Screening of Genes Related to Flower Color Formation in Paeonia suffruticosa YAN Gengyang, GAO Wen, LI Hang, SHANG Ye, ZHANG Juping Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (12): 121-137.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.12.013 Abstract （415）      PDF （30993KB）（39）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the whole genome data of Paeonia suffruticosa，the R2R3⁃MYB gene family was identified to study its role in the formation of P.suffruticosa flower color and identify key regulatory genes.The physicochemical properties，chromosome location，phylogenetic analysis，gene structure，cis⁃acting elements，expression correlation and protein interaction were analyzed by bioinformatics methods.The expression patterns of genes in P.suffruticosa samples were verified by qRT⁃PCR. A total of 78 R2R3⁃MYB transcription factors of P.suffruticosa were identified，all of which were located in the nucleus and were mostly hydrophilic unstable proteins with abundant cis⁃acting elements and highly conserved R2 and R3 domains at the N⁃terminal.The 78 members were divided into 26 subfamilies（P1—P26）.Among them，Ps2RMYB21，Ps2RMYB38 and Ps2RMYB33 were homologous with S4 and S7，and had conserved motifs specific to the corresponding subfamilies respectively.The expression levels of Ps2RMYB33 and Ps2RMYB38 in normal sepals，colored sepals and normal petals were increased successively，and the expression patterns of structural genes PsCHS，PsCHI3，PsF3H1，PsDFR1，PsANS and PsUFGT4 were the same.There was a significant positive correlation between them，which was consistent with the accumulation trend of anthocyanins.However，Ps2RMYB21 was opposite to the expression pattern of these structural genes，and had a very significant negative correlation with the accumulation trend of anthocyanins.The results of qRT⁃PCR were basically consistent with the transcriptome data.To sum up，Ps2RMYB21，Ps2RMYB33，Ps2RMYB38are three key genes regulating the formation of peony flower color. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and Residue Characteristics Analysis of Efficient Control Agents for Typical Diseases of Polygonatum sibiricum#br# HAN Jie, WANG Qinghai, ZHENG Yufei, HU Jin, ZHU Wencheng, WANG Xiuguo, LIU Tong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2026, 55 (1): 101-109.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.01.009 Abstract （409）      PDF （1360KB）（206）       Knowledge map    Save Anthracnose and leaf spot are two common diseases affecting Polygonatum sibiricum（Huangjing），for which no highly effective and safe pesticides have been registered for control to date.To screen safe and efficient pesticides against these two diseases，this study first conducted indoor toxicity tests to investigate the inhibitory effects of different pesticides on the pathogens of P.sibiricum anthracnose and leaf spot，thereby selecting highly effective control agents.Subsequently，field efficacy trials were carried out to verify the control effects of the selected pesticides. For the screened high‐efficiency pesticides，a rapid residue analysis method was established using the quick，easy，cheap，effective，rugged，and safe（QuEChERS） sample pretreatment technique combined with ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC‐MS/MS）.Meanwhile，field residue trials were performed to clarify the residue characteristics of these pesticides in P.sibiricum.The results showed that trifloxystrobin，carbendazim，and azoxystrobin exhibited good inhibitory effects on the anthracnose pathogen，with half‐maximal effective concentrations（EC50）of 0.127，0.429，and 1.061 mg/L，respectively.For the leaf spot pathogen，hexaconazole，propiconazole，difenoconazole，and carbendazim showed excellent inhibitory activities，with EC50 values of 0.759，0.968，1.657，and 1.716 mg/L，respectively.Field efficacy results indicated that 25% trifloxystrobin suspension concentrate and 250 g/L azoxystrobin suspension concentrate had good control effects on P. sibiricum anthracnose，with field control efficiencies of 87.6% and 86.3%，respectively.Additionally，25% hexaconazole suspension concentrate and 250 g/L propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate showed superior control effects on P.sibiricum leaf spot，with field control efficiencies of 93.2% and 90.2%，respectively.For the residue analysis，after extraction with acetonitrile，purification with octadecylsilane（C18），and detection by UPLC‐MS/MS，the recoveries of trifloxystrobin，azoxystrobin，propiconazole，and hexaconazole in P.sibiricum samples ranged from 82.5% to 98.3% at three spiking levels（0.02，0.50，and 10 mg/kg），with relative standard deviations（RSD）of 2.4% to 4.2%.The linear correlation coefficients（r）were all > 0. 998，the limits of quantitation（LOQ）were 0.010—0.016 mg/kg，and the limits of detection（LOD）were 0.003—0.005 mg/kg.Residue trials of the four pesticides were conducted in four locations across major P.sibiricum producing areas in China for one year. The results showed that the final residue levels of the four agents in P.sibiricum were all below the quantification limit at 21 days and 28 days after the last application，indicating low residue levels.In conclusion，25% trifloxystrobin suspension concentrate and 250 g/L azoxystrobin suspension concentrate can effectively control P.sibiricum anthracnose，while 25% hexaconazole suspension concentrate and 250 g/L propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate are effective for P.sibiricum leaf spot control.These findings provide safe and efficient pesticide options for the management of typical diseases in P.sibiricum and hold great significance for promoting the sustainable development of the P.sibiricum industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Biocontrol Effects of Mycoviruses on Sesame Stem Rot WANG Jing, NI Yunxia, HE Bipo, ZHANG Chunyan, ZHAO Hui, LIU Xintao, ZHAO Xinbei, LIU Hongyan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 102-109.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.011 Abstract （407）      PDF （26058KB）（55）       Knowledge map    Save Sesame stem rot is caused by the fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina，and is the significant disease of sesame. Previous studies have found that M.phaseolina carries abundant resources of mycoviruses，while while the hypovirulent mycovirus is the green solution to control crop disease.In order to obtain the biocontrol strains against sesame stem rot，the biological characteristics of three hypovirulent strains（2012‐19，2012‐22，2012‐161）carrying mycoviruses were studied，and the strong virulent strain 2012‐63 was used as the control.The pathogenicity was compared by in vitro leaf and in vivo stem inoculation，and the control effect of three hypovirulent strains on sesame stem rot was evaluated by soil inoculation method.The results showed that the colony morphology of the highly virulent strain 2012‐63 on the PDA plate showed radial growth，the aerial mycelium was lush，and the growth rate was 20.44 mm/d；the colony morphology of hypovirulent strains 2012‐19，2012‐22 and 2012‐161 showed irregular growth，with obvious fanning area，and the growth rate was 2.94—13.19 mm/d，and the average growth rate of the three hypovirulent strains was significantly 60.54% lower than that of the highly virulent strain.After five days of inoculation of detached leaves，the lesions of the highly virulent strains had expanded to the entire leaf surface，resulting in browning and decay of the leaf surface，while the three hypovirulent strains only formed 28.26 mm2 lesions at the inoculation site. After 8 days of stem inoculation，the relative area under the disease progression curve（RAUDPC）of the three hypovirulent strains was 2.10—5.90，and the average RAUDPC of the three hypovirulent strains was reduced by 92.27% significantly than high‐virulent strains（45.55）.The indoor pot experiment showed that the control effects of three hypovirulent strains on sesame stem rot were 44.90%，56.40% and 75.30%，respectively，while the control effects of biocontrol agent（Trichoderma harzianum）and chemical agent（50% carbendazim）were 53.65% and 87.10%，respectively.It can be seen that the hypovirulent strain of M.phaseolina carrying the related virus can be used as a biological control resource to control sesame stem rot. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of the GATA Gene Family in Dendrobium chrysotoxum and its Functional Analysis under Salt Stress WANG Lin, SHI Yingying, WANG Guang’an Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 72-83.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.008 Abstract （405）      PDF （16583KB）（28）       Knowledge map    Save To screen GATA genes that respond to salt stress in Dendrobium chrysotoxum，GATA gene family in Dendrobium chrysotoxum was identified using bioinformatics analysis.The expression and function of DchGATA genes under salt stress were analyzed by qRT‑PCR and yeast heterologous transformation experiments.The results showed that a total of 20 DchGATA genes were identified from the genome of Dendrobium chrysotoxum，which were unevenly distributed on 12 chromosomes and could be categorized into four subfamilies（Class Ⅰ，Class Ⅱ，Class Ⅲ，Class Ⅳ）. The physicochemical properties of DchGATA proteins showed that the amino acid residues of DchGATA proteins ranged from 140 to 609，the molecular weight was 15.31—68.23 ku，and the instability index was in the range of 42.01 to 76.67，all of which were hydrophilic and unstable nuclear proteins.The DchGATA genes had different numbers of exons and introns，and members of the same subfamily had similar numbers of exons，and all contained GATA or ZnF‑GATA conserved domains.Moreover，Motif1 and Motif7 were present in the majority of DchGATA family members. Cis‑acting element analysis revealed that a total of 14 types of cis‑acting elements were identified in DchGATA family members，encompassing 368 cis‑regulatory elements associated with light response，hormone regulation response，growth and development，and stress responses.The results of gene expression pattern analysis showed that the DchGATA genes were expressed specifically at different developmental stages，with DchGATA12，DchGATA18，DchGATA16，and DchGATA19 being highly expressed at the uncolored bud stage，while DchGATA1，DchGATA7，and DchGATA12 being highly expressed at the colored full‑fowering stage.Under salt stress，the expression of DchGATA11，DchGATA15，and DchGATA18 increased with stress duration，whereas the expression of DchGATA8 decreased.The yeast transformation experiments further confirmed the important role of DchGATA2、DchGATA18、DchGATA5、DchGATA11、DchGATA15和DchGATA9 in improving salt tolerance.The GATA gene family of Dendrobium chrysotoxum has the function of regulating plant response to saltstress. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome‐Wide Identification of the EIN3/EIL Gene Family in Lonicera japonica and Functional Analysis of LjEIL3 under Drought Stress XU Rong, LI Jinlong, CHEN Shuangcheng, ZHAO Danli Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 81-90.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.009 Abstract （403）      PDF （12976KB）（49）       Knowledge map    Save Based on Lonicera japonica genome data，bioinformatics was utilized to identify members of the EIN3/EIL gene family in Lonicera japonica，and systematic analyses were conducted on their physicochemical properties，gene structure，gene expression patterns，and stress response.The results indicated that five LjEIL family members were identified at the whole‐genome level in Lonicera japonica，encoding 592 to 682 amino acids，all of which were acidic hydrophilic nuclear proteins. Chromosomal localization revealed that the LjEIL genes were distributed across four chromosomes，and phylogenetic analysis classified them into two subfamilies：Class Ⅰand Class Ⅲ.Gene structure analysis showed that all LjEIL genes contained the typical EIN3 domain，and their exon‐intron composition was relatively simple.61 cis‐acting elements were predicted in the promoter regions of the LjEIL genes，primarily light‐responsive elements and elements such as methyl jasmonate，gibberellin，anaerobic induction，and low‐temperature response were rich. Transcriptome data analysis revealed that the LjEIL genes exhibited typical tissue‐ and developmental stage‐specific expression patterns，with LjEIL3 showing the highest expression levels in mature leaves，shoot tips，and young bud stage. qRT‐PCR results indicated that drought stress could induce the expression of LjEIL genes，with LjEIL3 experiencing the greatest upregulation，and its expression level continued to increase as drought stress duration extended.Furthermore，Arabidopsis plants transformed with the LjEIL3 gene exhibited a significantly higher survival rate after 10 days of simulated drought treatment with 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 compared to the wild type，further confirming the positive regulatory role of LjEIL3 gene in drought stress.In summary，the LjEIL3 gene plays a functional role in regulating plant responses to drought stress，providing important genetic resources for stress‐tolerant molecular breeding in Lonicera japonica. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Grass Cover in Vineyard WANG Chundong, HAN Xing, YUAN Lifang, YIN Xiangtian, LI Tinggang, LIU Qibao, JIANG Xilong, WEI Yanfeng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 42-50.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.005 Abstract （401）      PDF （1306KB）（121）       Knowledge map    Save Grape is one of the most widely planted fruits in the world，but the long‐term implementation of the traditional clear tillage model will cause environmental problems such as soil erosion，loss of biodiversity，and soil degradation，which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the grape industry.Vineyard grass cover is a sustainable agricultural management model that is conducive to building a good grape production system，improving the vineyard environment，and increasing vineyard productivity.It has been paid attention to by relevant industry personnel.This paper reviews relevant domestic and foreign literature，summarizes the advantages and models of vineyard grass cover，analyzes the main obstacles to the promotion of vineyard grass cover，and explores the urgent work to be carried out in the research of vineyard grass cover，aiming to provide certain theoretical support for the quality improvement and sustainable development of the grape industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Exogenous Selenium Addition on Metal Element Accumulation and Edible Safety of Lentinula edodes DUAN Ran, GUO Jie, ZHOU Xiaohua, ZHANG Di, MA Ying, WU Xujin, WANG Tieliang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 171-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.018 Abstract （397）      PDF （2479KB）（64）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the effects of exogenous selenium on the selenium accumulation characteristics and metal element accumulation in the fruiting bodies of Lentinula edodes，two L.edodes varieties，Xiangyang No.2 and Bihua No.1，were used as experimental subjects. A mass fraction gradient of 0—40 mg/kg of exogenous selenium was applied，and the content of selenium，essential metal elements（zinc，iron，manganese，copper，chromium，and nickel），as well as toxic elements（cadmium，arsenic，lead，and mercury）in the fruiting bodies was determined.Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis were employed to elucidate the interactions between these elements. Dietary exposure risks were assessed based on estimated daily intake（EDI）and health risk indices（HRI）.The results showed that there was a significant linear positive correlation between the accumulation of selenium in fruiting bodies and the amount of exogenous selenium addition（R2≥0. 985），and the bio‑concentration factors were all >3.10.When the addition amount was 40 mg/kg，the accumulation of selenium in fruiting bodies reached 147.42 mg/kg（Xiangyang No.2）and 124.22 mg/kg（Bihua No.1），respectively.The basic accumulation level of zinc，iron and manganese in the fruiting body of L. edodes was higher. Exogenous selenium significantly increased the accumulation of copper in the fruiting body of Xiangyang No.2，and significantly reduced the accumulation of manganese in the fruiting body of Bihua No.1.Additionally，the nickel accumulation in Xiangyang No.2 fruiting bodies showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with increasing of selenium addition.When the exogenous selenium addition was ≤2 mg/kg，the accumulation of arsenic and lead in fruiting bodies decreased significantly.When the addition was ≥6 mg/kg，the accumulation of mercury in fruiting bodies decreased with the increase of exogenous selenium addition（decreased by 20.00%—95.00%）.Element interaction analysis showed that selenium was positively correlated with chromium at the 0. 001 level（r=0.78），and negatively correlated with mercury at the 0.001 level（r=-0.73）.Health risk assessment indicated that when the exogenous selenium addition was ≤2 mg/kg，the HRI of selenium in the fruiting bodies was <1，which met the safety threshold.The HRIs of essential metal elements were ≤0.164，and the HRIs of toxic elements were <1.The risk order was arsenic>cadmium>lead≈mercury. In summary，appropriate amount of exogenous selenium（≤2 mg/kg）can not only achieve high‑efficiency selenium biofortification of L.edodes，synergistically regulate the balance of essential metal elements，but also significantly inhibit the accumulation of some toxic elements，thus effectively ensuring the edible safety and nutritional value of selenium‑enriched L.edodes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Mid‐Early Maturing Apple Varieties Based on Grey Correlation Analysis，DTOPSIS Method，and Membership Function Method YANG Ximeng, ZHANG Biao, LI Jiali, CUI Xiufen, CAO Yafeng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 121-130.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.013 Abstract （393）      PDF （1387KB）（406）       Knowledge map    Save In order to provide a reference basis for optimizing and adjusting the apple variety structure in Longdong area of Gansu Province，12 medium and early maturing apple varieties were used as test materials，and 9 fruit quality index values（single fruit weight，fruit shape index，hardness，soluble solids content，titratable acid content，solid acid ratio，a* value，b* value and L* value）were determined.The fruit quality was comprehensively evaluated by grey correlation analysis，DTOPSIS method and membership function method.The results showed that Honeycrisp had the largest single fruit weight，Fujiuhong had the largest fruit shape index，soluble solids content and solid acid ratio，while Hongfudi had the largest hardness and L* value，and Qinyang had the largest titratable acid content，Golden Century had the largest a* value，while the b* value of Red Prince was the smallest.The variation coefficient of solid acid ratio was the largest（37.62%），while that of fruit shape index was the smallest（5.75%）.Due to the different calculation methods，the comprehensive evaluation results of gray correlation degree method，DTOPSIS method and membership function method were significantly different，but the top four varieties in the comprehensive ranking including Fujiuhong，Luli and Huashuo，which could be popularized and applied as medium‐early maturing apple varieties with excellent comprehensive quality in Longdong area of Gansu Province. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of MTL⁃ and CENH3⁃Mediated Haploid Induction Technology and Their Applications in Crops LI Xingxing, LI Yuting, ZHANG Binjie, LIU Peikun, HE Kun, ZHANG Qifan, ZHENG Binrui, SONG Yunyun, LI Haochuan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2026, 55 (3): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.03.001 Abstract （391）      PDF （1412KB）（100）       Knowledge map    Save Haploid breeding technology can accelerate generation of homozygous doubled haploid（DH）lines through haploid induction followed by chromosome doubling，significantly shortening breeding cycles and improving selection efficiency. In recent years，in vivo haploid induction techniques based on the operation of key endogenous genes have become a research hotspot.Two prominent systems，pollen⁃specific phospholipase A gene MTL（MATRILINEAL）and centromere⁃specific histone H3 gene CENH3，are centered.For the MTL system，its loss⁃of⁃function disrupts phospholipid metabolism in sperm cells，leading to reactive oxygen species（ROS） burst and DNA damage.Finally，the paternal genome is eliminated through a mechanism known as‘post⁃fertilization chromosome elimination’. On the other hand，the CENH3 system involves the modification of CENH3 protein.Common strategies such as N⁃terminal tail modification， point mutations in the histone⁃fold domain， and heterologous complementation are designed to create functionally defective centromeres.These defective centromeres fail in the competition for kinetochore⁃microtubule attachment during zygotic division，leading to their selective elimination.This paper systematically reviewed the molecular mechanism of haploid induction mediated by MTL and CENH3，technical optimization strategies and the application of these technologies in major crops such as maize，rice，and wheat，and compared the differences between the two systems across several key aspects，including induction mechanisms，applicable species，induction efficiency，technical complexity，influence on plant development，and current status of industrial application.Furthermore，the integrated application potential of the above two systems in precision breeding was prospected，aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for crop genetic improvement. Table and Figures | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Processing Quality and Its Related Genes Detection of Zhengmai 9188 CHANG Yingying, ZHAO Mingzhong, ZAN Xiangcun, CHEN Wan, HAN Liupeng, GAO Chong, QI Xueli Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 33-41.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.004 Abstract （390）      PDF （3997KB）（142）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the performance of processing quality and the aggregation of related genes of Zhengmai 9188，the indexes of processing quality and noodle processing quality of Zhengmai 9188 were measured and evaluated at 9 locations in Henan Province from 2023 to 2024. Seven gene‐specific markers were used to identify the genes related to the processing quality of Zhengmai 9188 and its parents（Zhoumai 22 and Zhengmai 7698）.The results showed that Zhengmai 9188 had good grain quality，the average values of 1 000‐grain weight，volume weight and protein content were 44.0 g，825.1 g/L and 14.4% respectively.The average values of wet gluten content，water absorption rate，stabilization time，stretching area and maximum elongation resistance of its flour were 31.8%，60.5%，8.0 min，80.4 cm² and 417.9 BU respectively.Compared with the National Wheat Variety Approval Standards of 2024，Zhengmai 9188 met the quality standards for medium‐strong‐gluten wheat varieties.Zhengmai 9188 had higher peak viscosity and final viscosity of 2 809.7 cP and 3 303.3 cP，respectively，which were comparable to the peak viscosity and final viscosity of snowflake powder. The average setback value was 1 155.3 cP，slightly lower than that of snowflake powder.The noodles of Zhengmai 9188 were bright white and light browning.The average overall score of the noodles was 90.2，which was comparable to the score of the noodles of snowflake flour（90.4）.Noodles quality showed consistent performance among different production sites，with CV values of raw dough sheets color and browning degree less than 8%.For cooked noodles，the CV values of firmness，elasticity，smoothness，taste，surface texture，color and overall score were all less than 5%.Zhengmai 9188 integrated the excellent quality genes of Dx5/Psy‑A1b/Ppo‑A1b/Ppo‑D1a，which laid the foundation for its superior processing quality. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Agronomic Traits and Quality Differences of Different Provenances of Corydalis yanhusuo Planted in Henan Province YAO Huina, LI Junfei, NIU Yingying, FENG Shuang, JIANG Yaling, LI Ke, GAO Weiwei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 84-90.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.009 Abstract （389）      PDF （1283KB）（44）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen out high‑yield，high‑quality，and stable excellent germplasm of Corydalis yanhusuo and promote the sustainable development of the industry，the bulbs of Corydalis yanhusuo from Zhejiang，Anhui，Shaanxi and Henan provinces were planted in the Corydalis yanhusuo planting base in Zhuqu Town，Weishi County，Henan Province.They were continuously planted for two years in the same plot from 2021 to 2023.The agronomic traits such as growth indicators，disease index and yield of Corydalis yanhusuo，as well as the conventional test items in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the content of tetrahydropalmatine were determined.There were no significant differences in plant height and leaf number among the four provenances（P>0.05）.The yield of Zhejiang provenance was significantly higher than that of Anhui and Henan in two consecutive seasons（P<0.05）.The germplasms with lower disease index were Zhejiang and Shaanxi，and the disease index of Shaanxi provenance decreased after continuous planting.The medicinal materials of four Corydalis yanhusuo provenances all met the regulatory standards of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The alcohol soluble extracts and tetrahydropalmatine contents of Zhejiang and Shaanxi germplasm sources were superior to those of Anhui and Henan germplasm sources. In summary，it is believed that the two Corydalis yanhusuo germplasm resources from Zhejiang and Shaanxi are suitable for planting in Weishi area of Henan Province. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Impact of Farmland Salinization on Soil Organic Carbon and Its Management LI Hongyao, LU Yun, BAI Yanchao, CHEN Shuotong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (11): 1-7.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.11.001 Abstract （379）      PDF （1271KB）（116）       Knowledge map    Save This review systematically summarizes the progress of domestic and international research on the effects of farmland salinization on soil organic carbon（SOC）. It focuses on analyzing the effects of salt types and spatial heterogeneity on aggregate structure and organic matter protection，the regulatory mechanisms of microbial diversity and key functional genes on soil organic carbon transformation，and the roles of bio‑organic amendment，physicochemical regulation，and integrated tillage management in enhancing SOC stability. Based on these insights，clarifying salt types and advocating the collaborative application of multi‑omics，regional and cross‑scale approaches are proposed to provide theoretical and practical support for enhancing the carbon sink function of salinized farmland and achieving sustainable governance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome‐Wide Association Study and Candidate Gene Prediction of Arsenic Content in Wheat Grains SHI Xia, SUN Dongling, CHANG Yang, LI Wenxu, DAI Ziju, ZHOU Zhengfu, WU Zhengqing, LEI Zhensheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 21-32.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.003 Abstract （376）      PDF （11294KB）（54）       Knowledge map    Save In order to provide a theoretical basis for the arsenic（As） biofortification breeding in wheat grains，an association population comprising 207 wheat varieties（lines）was used as material，genotyping was done by wheat 660K SNP array，combining with phenotypic data under different environments and best linear unbiased prediction（BLUP）value，a genome‐wide association study（GWAS）was conducted on As content in wheat grains，genetic loci were identified，and candidate genes associated with As content in wheat grains were predicted. The haplotype analysis and linear regression analysis methods were used to analyze the superior and inferior haplotypes of stable SNP loci associated with As content in wheat grains and their aggregated effect. The results showed that there were obvious variation in grain As content under multiple environments，and the grain As content exhibited a normal distribution.By using a mixed linear model（MLM），a total of 67 SNPs were identified to be significantly associated with grain As content at the genome‐wide level. Among these，six SNPs located on chromosomes 1A，2A，2D，3B，and 6B（AX‐110393422，AX‐110370420，AX‐109339465，AX‐109455432，AX‐109359598，AX‐111655266）were consistently detected under multiple environments，and were considered as stable quantitative trait nucleotides（QTNs）.Additionally，a SNP hotspot was identified at the end of chromosome 6B.The peak SNP AX‐111655266 was detected under all environments，which exhibited the strongest association with grain As content，explained the phenotypic variation of 15.14%—21.53% ，and was a major‐effect QTN.Based on public wheat expression profile data and differential expression analysis of candidate genes at 20 days post‐anthesis in the association population，combined with physical location and functional annotation information，candidate genes were predicted.The candidate gene TraesCS6B02G418600，tightly linked to SNP AX‐111655266，encoding a phosphate transporter PHO1‐like protein，which may be involved in transmembrane transport and signal transduction of As，was a major‐effect gene controlling grain As content in wheat. The candidate genes for the other five SNP loci were TraesCS1A02G346700，TraesCS2A02G106800，TraesCS2D02G171500，TraesCS3B02G131500，and TraesCS3B02G252500，encoding F‐box protein，thiamine pyrophosphokinase 1，GEM‐like protein 1，ubiquitin‐onjugating enzyme E2‐like protein，and protein phosphatase 2C family protein，respectively. They were candidate genes involved in regulating As accumulation in wheat grains.The grain As content in the superior haplotype group was significantly lower than that in the inferior haplotype group under all environments.Furthermore，as the number of superior haplotypes increased，the grain As content gradually decreased，demonstrating a clear additive effect. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation and Identification of the Dominant Pathogen of Salvia miltiorrhiza Root Rot and Observation of Its Infection Process in S.miltiorrhiza Roots Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (12): 101-109.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.12.011 Abstract （375）      PDF （50504KB）（70）       Knowledge map    Save To identify the dominant pathogen causing Salvia miltiorrhiza root rot in Henan Province and clarify its infection process，diseased root samples were collected from three main producing areas（Yuzhou City，Mianchi County，and Fangcheng County）in Henan Province.The dominant pathogens were identified based on morphological characteristics and molecular biological analyses. Highly pathogenic isolates were screened through pathogenicity assays.The infection process of a selected isolate in S.miltiorrhiza roots was observed using green fluorescent protein（GFP）labeling and fluorescence microscopy.The results showed that Fusarium oxysporum exhibited the highest isolation frequencies（63.16%，48.28%，and 39.63%，respectively）among pathogens isolated from the three areas，indicating it as the dominant pathogen of S. miltiorrhiza root rot in Henan Province.Following inoculation of S.miltiorrhiza seedlings with F.oxysporum spore suspension：spores adhered to the root surface and began to germinate at 12 h post⁃inoculation（hpi）；germinated spores developed into hyphae，which spread along the intercellular spaces of epidermal cells between 24—48 hpi；hyphae expanded into the cortex and extended along parenchyma cells，eventually surrounding entire cells by 3—5 days post⁃inoculation（dpi）；extensive hyphal networks formed randomly within cortical cells by 7—9 dpi；hyphae surrounded the entire root cortex and extended to the root tip by 11 dpi；all root cells were infected by 14 dpi.At this stage（14 dpi），the stem base turned brown，fibrous roots became brittle and easily broken，and root tips of some plants turned yellow.In conclusion，F.oxysporum is the dominant pathogen causing S.miltiorrhiza root rot in Henan Province.This study elucidated the infection process of GFP⁃labeled F.oxysporum in S.miltiorrhiza roots from a histopathological perspective，providing a basis for targeted control strategies against this disease. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Exogenous Regulators on Superior and Inferior Grain Filling and Yield of Wheat ZHANG Suyu, LIU Hongjie, REN Dechao, YANG Mingda, GE Jun, ZHAO Jingling, ZHU Peipei, ZHENG Dongfang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 23-33.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.003 Abstract （372）      PDF （2242KB）（594）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the yield‑increasing effect of different exogenous regulators on wheat，the semi‑winter wheat cultivars Zhoumai 36 and Bainong 207 were used as materials，and different exogenous regulators［distilled water+emulsifier（Tween 80）（CK1，T1），KH2PO4 +emulsifier（Tween 80）（CK2，T2），salicylic acid+ZnSO4+MnSO4+chitin+spermidine+6‑BA+emulsifier（Tween 80）（T3），salicylic acid+ZnSO4+MnSO4+H3BO3+chitin+phthalanilic acid+brassinolide+emulsifier（Tween 80）（T4），salicylic acid+ ZnSO4+MnSO4+H3BO3+chitin+phthalanilic acid+spermidine+emulsifier（Tween 80）（T5），salicylic acid+ZnSO4+MnSO4+H3BO3+chitin+brassinolide+6‑BA+emulsifier（Tween 80）（T6）］were sprayed on the leaves at wheat full‑heading stage and mid‑filling stage，and the effects of different exogenous regulators on superior and inferior grain filling and yield of wheat were explored. The results showed that compared with CK1 and CK2，the 1 000‑grain weight of superior and inferior grains of Zhoumai 36 and Bainong 207 obviously improved under T5 and T6 treatments at 37 d after anthesis；the time of reaching the maximum grain filling rate of inferior grains of Zhoumai 36 and Bainong 207 was advanced under T4，T5 and T6 treatments；at 22 d after anthesis，the grain filling rate of superior grains of the two wheat cultivars obviously increased under T4，T5 and T6 treatments.With the advancement of grain filling，the contribution of superior grains to total grain weight per panicle of wheat generally decreased first and then increased.T3—T6 treatments were beneficial to improve the contribution of inferior grains to total grain weight per panicle of Zhoumai 36 and Bainong 207 at 27 d after anthesis compared with CK1，and the contribution of superior grains to total grain weight per panicle of Zhoumai 36 and Bainong 207 at 37 d after anthesis compared with CK1 and CK2. Compared with CK1 and CK2，the activities of ADP‑glucose pyrophosphorylase（AGP） and soluble starch synthase（SSS） in superior grains and SSS and granule‑bound starch synthase（GBSS）in inferior grains of Zhoumai 36 and Bainong 207 of T3—T6 treatments increased at 25 d after anthesis.Compared with CK1 and CK2，T3—T6 treatments were beneficial to improve the grain number per spike，1 000‑grain weight and yield of Zhoumai 36 and Bainong 207，and the yield increased significantly，T6 treatment was the best，followed by T5 treatment.Under T6 treatment，the yields of Zhoumai 36 and Bainong 207 significantly increased by 14.0% and 9.6% compared with CK1，and 9.7% and 6.1% compared with CK2，respectively. Under T5 treatment，the yields of Zhoumai 36 and Bainong 207 significantly increased by 11.5% and 6.7% compared with CK1，and 7.3% and 3.3% compared with CK2，respectively.In addition，T6 treatment significantly reduced the defective grain number.Overall，application of different exogenous regulators generally can increase the filling rate of both superior and inferior grains，1 000‑grain weight and yield of wheat in different degree，and T6 treatment shows the best effect. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Residues and Dissipation Dynamics of Four Herbicides in Alfalfa SU Wangcang, NIU Yujia, LONG Yan, YAN Zhaoling, XUE Fei, SUN Lanlan, XU Hongle, WU Renhai Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 119-126.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.013 Abstract （372）      PDF （904KB）（1038）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the residue behavior of imazapic，imazethapyr，carfentrazone‑ethyl，and terbacil in alfalfa（Medicago sativa L.），a quantitative analytical method was established using LC‑MS/MS.Field trials were conducted during the spring and summer of 2023 to characterize the degradation kinetics and final residues of these four herbicides in alfalfa. Results demonstrated that the method achieved limits of detection（LODs）ranging from 0. 01 to 0. 1 mg/kg for imazapic，imazethapyr，carfentrazone‑ethyl，and terbacil in alfalfa. The average recovery rate fell within 83. 8%—113. 2%，with relative standard deviations（RSDs）all below 4.81%.These parameters confirmed the method’s accuracy，precision，and suitability for pesticide residue analysis. The degradation of imazapic，imazethapyr，carfentrazone‑ethyl，and terbacil in alfalfa followed first‑order kinetics，with half‑lives of 1.37—1.62，2.57—2.86，2.09—3.18，and 8.66—9.36 d，respectively. At harvest，residues were detected only in summer trials treated with imazethapyr at 150 g/ha（1.5×recommended high dosage），and terbacil at 432 g/ha（1.5×recommended high dosage）.However，the detected residue levels for both compounds were below the corresponding United States Maximum Residue Limits（US MRLs）.These findings indicate that imazapic，imazethapyr，carfentrazone‑ethyl，and terbacil are readily degradable herbicides in alfalfa.Their application at normal rates is considered safe with respect to the residue levels at harvest. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of a Bioreactor Culture System for Anoectochilus roxburghii Protocorm⁃Like Bodies ZHANG Fangling, KONG Xiangjun, ZHOU Xiaojun, WANG Hongzhen, WU Mei, FANG Li Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (12): 62-69.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.12.007 Abstract （365）      PDF （12609KB）（29）       Knowledge map    Save To screen the optimal hormone combination and germplasm for inducing Anoectochilus roxburghii protocorm⁃like bodies（PLBs），and to investigate the effects of inoculum density and culture duration on PLBs biomass and kinsenoside content for optimizing large⁃scale culture conditions，this study utilized tissue⁃cultured seedlings of Anoectochilus roxburghii.The effects of different concentration combinations of 6⁃benzylaminopurine（6⁃BA），1⁃naphthaleneacetic acid（NAA），zeatin（ZT），and 2，4⁃dichlorophenoxyacetic acid（2，4⁃D） on the induction of PLBs from five different Anoectochilus roxburghii germplasms were tested.The PLB induction rate，kinsenoside content，and proliferation characteristics were compared among the different plant germplasms.Using a plant bioreactor，the influence of inoculum density（20—80 g/L） and culture duration（10—40 days） on biomass and kinsenoside synthesis was studied.The results indicated that the combination of MS+3 mg/L 6⁃BA+0.5 mg/L NAA+0.8 mg/L ZT+0.2 mg/L 2，4⁃D medium had the best effect on improving the induction rate of adventitious buds of different species of Anoectochilus roxburghii germplasms.Under identical culture conditions，the ZY1（Nanjing，Fujian） germplasm demonstrated superior PLB induction rate（93%），kinsenoside content（5.03%），and radial proliferation capacity compared to other germplasms.In the bioreactor culture system，both the proliferation coefficient（1.46）and kinsenoside content（7.80%）of the PLBs peaked at an inoculum density of 60 g/L after 40 days of culture in darkness.In conclusion，utilizing the superior ZY1 germplasm with the MS+3 mg/L 6⁃BA+0.5 mg/L NAA+0.8 mg/L ZT+0.2 mg/L2，4⁃D medium，combined with bioreactor culture conditions of 60 g/L inoculum density and 40 days of culture in darkness，enables the highly efficient accumulation of both Anoectochilus roxburghii PLB biomass and kinsenoside content. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review of Key Technologies in Fruits and Vegetables Maturity Detection JIANG Mingze, YAN Jianwei, ZOU Chuanzhu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2026, 55 (1): 1-15.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.01.001 Abstract （363）      PDF （2519KB）（237）       Knowledge map    Save The maturity of fruits and vegetables is closely related to both producers and consumers.It plays a crucial role in enhancing consumer experience，improving harvest timing accuracy，extending shelf life，reducing waste，and increasing yield and quality. However，traditional manual methods of detecting fruit and vegetable maturity have issues such as high labor intensity，high costs，and low efficiency.In recent years，with the rapid development of computer technology，data‐driven methods for detecting fruit and vegetable maturity have made automation and intelligence in this process possible.This study begins with a comprehensive review of the commonly used data formats for fruit and vegetable maturity detection.It then discusses the research progress of maturity detection algorithms from three perspectives：traditional image processing algorithms，machine learning algorithms，and deep learning algorithms.A systematic summary of the current engineering applications of maturity detection in the agricultural field is also provided. Based on this，the study further analyzes the challenges faced by data‐driven maturity detection methods in real‐world applications and offers feasible solutions and research approaches to address these key issues.Finally，the study presents an analysis and outlook on the future development directions of fruit and vegetable maturity detection technologies in agriculture，aiming to provide theoretical references and practical insights for the further research and application of these technologies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics