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Research Progress of Porcine Getah Virus ZHANG Yuyang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 15-22.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.002 Abstract （1704）      PDF （1296KB）（2155）       Knowledge map    Save Getah Virus（GETV） is an emerging insect‑borne pathogen that has caused reproductive disorders in pigs and high mortality in piglets in many countries in recent years，posing a major threat to global animal husbandry and public health. This virus is primarily transmitted by mosquito bites，which can cause widespread infection in pigs and significantly affect reproductive performance and health.In response to the spread of the epidemic，it is urgent to conduct research on genomic characterization and molecular evolution to guide vaccine design and optimize prevention and control strategies.At the same time，it is necessary to clarify the law of GETV transmission through epidemiological investigation and analyze the pathogenic mechanism in order to provide theoretical support for epidemic prevention and control.In addition，improving the accuracy and timeliness of early diagnosis has become a key link in prevention and control.In view of the critical role of early diagnosis in epidemic prevention and control，based on the latest research results，the pathogenic characteristics，epidemiological characteristics，pathogenic mechanism，diagnostic techniques and prevention and control strategies of GETV were systematically discussed，aiming to provide theoretical support for clinical prevention and control，and provide scientific basis for vaccine development，diagnostic technology innovation and prevention and control policy formulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes in Physiological Characteristics and Cellular Structures of Tea Plant Leaves during Overwintering at Different Altitudes in Xinyang ZHANG Lintao, LUO Jinlei, HUANG Shuangjie, CHEN Yi, SUN Mufang, GUO Guiyi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 61-71.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.007 Abstract （944）      PDF （14845KB）（43）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the low‑temperature stress response mechanisms of tea plants at different altitudes，we studied the Xinyang group species in the Shihe District of Xinyang City，Henan Province，at altitudes of 100 m and 600 m. We analyzed the photosynthetic characteristics，antioxidant enzyme activities，membrane lipid peroxidation levels，and tissue cell structure changes of tea leaves during the overwintering period. Results showed that during the pre‑winter（T1），mid‑winter（T2），and late‑winter（T3）stages，the net photosynthetic rate of low‑altitude tea plants was 0.6，1.5，and 1.2 times higher than that of high‑altitude tea plants，respectively. Chlorophyll content in low‑altitude plants was 36.91% and 48.19% higher than in high‑altitude plants during T2 and T3.Low‑altitude plants also exhibited more intact chloroplast structures.Throughout the overwintering period，superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity in leaves of tea plants at both altitudes first increased and then decreased，peaking in T2.During T1，T2，and T3，SOD activity in high‑altitude tea leaves was 25.20%，27.05%，and 20.59% higher than in low‑altitude tea leaves，respectively.However，catalase（CAT）activity in high‑altitude tea leaves was 27.27%，29.48%，and 26.64% lower than in low‑altitude leaves. Peroxidase（POD）activity showed a trend similar to that of CAT activity.The malondialdehyde（MDA）content of high‑altitude plants in T2 and T3 was significantly higher than that of low‑altitude plants，increasing by 72.21% and 77.04%，respectively.Structural observations revealed that the mesophyll thickness of high‑altitude tea plants increased significantly in T2 and T3，rising by 10.19% and 10.47% compared to T1.The stomatal opening rate and open area of high‑altitude plants decreased significantly in T2.Compared between the two altitudes，low‑altitude tea leaves had higher cell wall thickness and stomatal density，averaging 36.92% and 22.52% higher than high‑altitude tea leaves，respectively.In conclusion，low‑altitude tea plants adapt to low‑temperature environments by maintaining high photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant capacity，as well as by enhancing cell wall and stomatal structures.In contrast，high‑altitude tea plants optimize water management by increasing mesophyll thickness and adjusting stomatal opening，although this may come at the cost of reduced photosynthetic efficiency. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing System in Wheat Breeding CHEN Yanyan1, ZHAO Mingzhong1, LI Yan1, 2, HUA Xia1, FANG Yuhui1, 2, GONG Chen1, QI Xueli1, 2 Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.001 Abstract （888）      PDF （1381KB）（195）       Knowledge map    Save Wheat is a crucial cereal crop，and the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system provides a powerful tool for wheat breeding. The principle of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system was elaborated，its applications in enhancing wheat yield related traits，improving grain quality，increasing stress resistance（biotic and abiotic stresses），and accelerating the breeding process were reviewed，and the current challenges and future prospects were explored，providing a theoretical foundation for molecular breeding of wheat. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and Application of Chitosan Coatings in Fruits and Vegetables Storage and Preservation LIU Chenghong, ZHANG Shun, HUANG Wen, ZHANG Xiaoyan, YANG Hailong, FU Shiyu, ZHAN Lijuan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.001 Abstract （765）      PDF （1976KB）（1454）       Knowledge map    Save Fresh fruits and vegetables，due to their high water content and vigorous respiratory metabolism，are highly prone to quality decline and spoilage after harvest.As the world’s largest producer and consumer of fruits and vegetables，China has a persistently high post‑harvest loss rate of fruits and vegetables.The development of efficient and safe preservation technology has become an urgent need for the industry.Coating preservation technology is a new food preservation method，which can effectively maintain the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables and extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables.Chitosan，as a natural biopolymer，is regarded as the most promising preservation coating material due to its wide source，degradability and biosafety，as well as excellent film forming property，antibacterial activity and biocompatibility.A systematic review is conducted on the basic characteristics of chitosan and the preparation methods of coatings.The research and application of chitosan coatings in the field of fruit and vegetable preservation are described in detail.The preservation effect of chitosan coatings on fruits and vegetables is discussed from the perspectives of appearance quality，nutrients，flavor substances and shelf life，and mechanism of preservation and the key factors affecting the preservation efficiency are summarized.Finally，the preservative chitosan coating technical bottlenecks and future development directions are pointed out，with the expectation of providing theoretical references for the in‑depth research and industrial application of this technology. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Resistance to Southern Corn Rust and Detection of Resistance Genes in New Summer Corn Varieties in Henan Province WANG Ziming, ZHANG Yuyang, WANG Ziqi, FAN Zhuo, YUAN Hongxia, YANG Xue, LI Honglian, SHI Yan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 107-115.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.011 Abstract （662）      PDF （631KB）（1622）       Knowledge map    Save Southern corn rust resistance of corn varieties participating in regional trials and introduced variety registration trials in Henan Province from 2021 to 2024 was evaluated using a combination of field nurseries and artificial inoculation. Additionally，resistance gene detection was conducted on varieties exhibiting moderate resistance or higher levels in 2023 and 2024，to determine the resistance status of newly bred corn varieties to southern corn rust，and provide a  theoretical basis for breeding and promoting resistant corn cultivars.The results showed that 134，121，87，and 119 corn varieties were tested in the Henan regional trials from 2021 to 2024，respectively.Among them，the proportions of varieties showing moderate or higher resistance to southern corn rust were 36.57%，92.57%，57.47%，and 86.55%，respectively.For the introduced variety registration trials，68，82，43，and 14 corn varieties were tested，and the proportions of varieties showing moderate or higher resistance to southern corn rust were 32.35%，95.12%，51.16%，and 71.43%，respectively，demonstrating a generally consistent trend.However，there were notable year‑to‑year variations in the proportion of resistant and susceptible varieties.In years with southern corn rust epidemics，such as 2021 and 2023，the proportion of resistant varieties was relatively lower.In 2023，resistance genes were detected in varieties showing moderate resistance or higher levels.The results showed that 48.61% of these varieties carried the resistance gene RppC，while RppM was not detected in any of the tested varieties.Furthermore，51.39% of the varieties lacked both RppC and RppM.In 2024，detection of RppC，RppM，and RppK genes in varieties showing moderate resistance or higher levels was conducted.The results showed that RppC had the highest detection ratio of 92.92%，followed by RppK and RppM with the detection ratio of 21.24% and 20.35%，respectively.However，three varieties tested were negative for all three resistance genes.In conclusion，a relatively high proportion of corn varieties evaluated in recent years in Henan Province exhibited resistance to southern corn rust，with an overall increasing trend.The resistance gene RppC continues to play a key role in corn production，while RppK and RppM are beginning to be applied in southern corn rust‑resistant breeding.Further exploration and utilization of additional resistance genes are still needed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Current Status and Research Progress on the Resource Utilization of Spent Mushroom Substrate in Edible Fungi Cultivation ZHANG Chaohui, LIU Yang, ZHANG Guang, WANG Zhenhe, QIU Liyou Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 1-14.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.001 Abstract （609）      PDF （5411KB）（2719）       Knowledge map    Save Edible fungi cultivation is the fifth‑largest planting industry in China and an important pillar for rural revitalization.When the edible fungi industry is developing rapidly，a large amount of spent mushroom substrate（SMS）is generated.A lot of SMS is casually discarded or incinerated，resulting in serious environmental pollution and resource waste.Therefore，the issue of the resource‑based utilization of SMS has received widespread attention.Based on the analysis of the source，physical and chemical properties，and nutritional components of SMS，this paper comprehensively reviews the current situation and research progress of the resource‑based utilization of SMS.This includes SMS being used as energy materials，for the production of bio‑fertilizers，for improving the soil environment，for the extraction of bioactive substances，and for the manufacture of composite materials，etc.It also points out the existing problems in the utilization of SMS.Combining with the development status of the edible fungi industry，this paper looks ahead to the comprehensive utilization of SMS，aiming to increase the utilization rate of SMS and promote the sustainable development of the edible fungi industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of Fish Community Structure in Qianxia Lake CHEN Huan, LIAN Qingping, MENG Zhou, GUO Aihuan, SHENG Pengcheng, CHEN Guangmei, YUAN Julin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 141-149.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.015 Abstract （474）      PDF （2227KB）（301）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the characteristics of fish community structure in Qianxia Lake，a two‐year survey was conducted from 2022 to 2023，with sampling performed once in March，July，October，and December of each year，resulting in a total of eight sampling events. The results showed that a total of 40 fish species were collected and identified，belonging to 3 orders，9 families，and 31 genera.Among them，Cypriniformes accounted for the highest proportion（30 species，75%）.Ecological type analysis indicated that sedentary（92.50%），omnivorous（50%），and bottom‐dwelling fish（42.5%）were the main ecological groups.Community structure analysis identified six dominant species：Hemiculter leucisculus，Sinibrama macrops，Xenocypris microlepis，Coptodon zillii，Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Culter alburnus.The results of Margalef species richness index and Shannon‐Wiener diversity index in biodiversity indexes showed that 2023 was higher than 2022.The results of catch per unit fishing effort showed that the average catch number per unit fishing effort and catch biomass per unit fishing effort in 2023 were higher than those in 2022，and the peak of catch number per unit fishing effort and catch biomass per unit fishing effort appeared in July 2023，with values of 8.32 ind（/m²·d）and 1 131.88 g（/m²·d），respectively.The abundance‐biomass comparison curve（W2=0.037）indicated that the water body was in a moderately disturbed state.In summary，the construction of the Qianxia Lake Reservoir has changed the original fish resources situation. At the same time，the increase in the number of alien species and the risk of fish miniaturization may have a negative impact on the indigenous fish in the water area. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome‑wide Association Analysis and Candidate Gene Prediction for Rice Drought Tolerance at Seedling Stage HUANG Shipeng, HE Huqiang, LI Guangzhao, CHEN Chuanxin, ZHONG Tuo, XIE Jianbo, ZHOU Xiangwan, WANG Dan, XIAO Yinghui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 12-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.002 Abstract （465）      PDF （6475KB）（963）       Knowledge map    Save Taking 355 rice germplasms from RDP‑Ⅱ as materials，taking the yellow leaf rate after re‑watering as the drought tolerance evaluation index，combined with the population genotype data，genome‑wide association analysis（GWAS）was carried out，and the candidate genes related to drought tolerance were analyzed，so as to provide excellent germplasm resources and gene resources for the breeding of drought tolerant rice.The results showed that in RDP‑Ⅱ population，the yellow leaf rate of tropical japonica rice was the lowest，and that of Osbeck rice was the highest；Seventeen SNP loci related to drought tolerance were identified by GWAS，and distributed on chromosomes 1，2，3，6，7，8，11 and 12 of rice.Candidate genes were predicted in the 10 kb region near the peak SNP，and 33 candidate genes related to drought tolerance were screened，mainly including genes encoding protein kinases，transposon proteins，etc.Based on gene function annotation，8 candidate genes were selected for gene expression analysis in drought tolerant germplasm and drought intolerant germplasm，and OsCTFdt and OsPEX1 genes with significant difference in expression level were identified，which positively and negatively regulated the drought tolerance of rice at seedling stage，respectively.OsCTFdt and OsPEX1 genes had 4 haplotypes respectively，and the yellow leaf rate of the dominant haplotype was significantly lower than that of other haplotypes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Process Optimization of Microbe‐Enzyme Synergy Fermentation of Low‐grade Tobacco Leaves and Impact on Aroma Components LIU Yuanshang, WU Pan, ZHAO Yifan, DONG Lu, QU Lili, TIAN Shu, XU Chunping Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 159-170.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.017 Abstract （462）      PDF （7092KB）（167）       Knowledge map    Save To improve the quality and usability of low‐grade tobacco leaves，aroma‐producing yeast（Y8‐12）and different biological enzyme preparations were used to co‐ferment low‐grade tobacco leaves，and the best combination of microbe‐enzyme preparations that could significantly improve the quality of tobacco leaves was screened.Subsequently，based on the degree of quality improvement，fermentation parameters were systematically optimized using single factor experiments combined with response surface methodology.Finally，changes in chemical composition and sensory quality before and after fermentation under optimal conditions were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that different biological enzyme preparations combined with aroma‐producing yeast fermentation could effectively improve the quality of tobacco leaves.Among them，the G4 group composed of cellulase+pectinase+hemicellulase+lipase+aroma‐producing yeast had the most obvious improvement effect，its quality improvement degree reached 0.94，and the content of total volatile aroma components increased to 197.57 μg/g.Through the response surface optimization combined with the actual production operation，the optimum process conditions were determined as follows：Fermentation time 4 d，fermaentation temperature 37 ℃，enzyme addition 0.4%.Under these conditions，the quality improvement degree increased to 1.15.After fermentation，the reducing sugar，chlorine and total sugar contents increased by 18.28%，-13.33% and 9.62%，respectively.The content of characteristic aroma substances such as phenylethanol，4‐oxo‐isophorone， geranylacetone，megastigmatrienone and phenethyl acetate were increased significantly.In summary，microbe‐enzyme synergistic fermentation under suitable conditions offers a rapid and effective strategy for improving low‐grade tobacco leaves and provides a reference for microbial applications in the tobacco industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Artemisia argyi Powder on Growth Performance，Nutrient Apparent Digestibility，Antioxidant Function and Fecal Microbial Population in Fattening Pigs KU Chaofeng, WANG Xianwei, LÜ Lingyan, ZHANG Jiaqing, LIU Yang, SONG Weiyi, ZHANG Junxia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 141-148.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.015 Abstract （462）      PDF （1265KB）（89）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the effects of Artemisia argyi powder on production performance，nutrient apparent digestibility，antioxidant function and the number of fecal microorganisms of fattening pigs，48“Changbai×Dabai”binary fattening pigs with body weight of 50.0 kg were randomly divided into 4 groups：the control group was fed with basal diet only；the experimental groups were added with 2%，4% and 6% Artemisia argyi powder，which were recorded as AAP‑1 group，AAP‑2 group and AAP‑3 group，respectively.The feeding experiment was conducted from May to July 2024，and the indexes were measured after the end. The results showed that in terms of groduction performance，the final weight of the AAP‑2 group and the average daily gain of the three experimental groups were significantly improved.The final weight and average daily gain of the AAP‑2 group were 10.26% and 19.10% higher than those of the control group，respectively.At the same time，the feed‑weight ratio of the AAP‑2 group and the diarrhea rate of the three experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the control group，with feed‑weight ratio and diarrhea rate of the AAP‑2 group decreased by 12.03% and 23.83%，respectively.In terms of nutrient apparent digestibility，compared with the control group，the apparent digestibility of calcium，crude protein and crude fat in the three experimental groups was significantly increased.Among them，the AAP‑2 group showed the greatest improvement，with the digestibility of calcium，crude protein，and crude fat increased by 16.82%，10.14%，and 13.48%，respectively，compared to the control group.In terms of antioxidant function，the activities of catalase，glutathione peroxidase，superoxide dismutase，and total antioxidant capacity in the AAP‑2 group were 36.77%，21.13%，20.36%，44.80% higher than those in the control group，respectively.The content of malondialdehyde decreased by 25.70% compared with the control group.In terms of the number of fecal microorganisms，the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the AAP‑2 group increased by 19.61% and 11.85%，respectively，compared with the control group，while the number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella decreased by 11.18% and 22.09%，respectively.In summary，the addition of 4% Artemisia argyi powder can improve production performance，increase nutrient apparent digestibility，enhance antioxidant function，and increase the number of beneficial bacteriaand reduce the number of harmful bacteria in feces of fattening pigs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stalk Traits and Comprehensive Evaluation of Lodging Resistance of 150 Maize Inbred Lines SHI Dakun, LI Fangjie, WEI Xiaoyi, HONG Defeng, LIU Jingwei, WANG Jiamu, ZHANG Xuehai, WEI Feng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 51-59.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.006 Abstract （442）      PDF （3631KB）（59）       Knowledge map    Save The stem traits（including stem length，stem diameter，dry weight，dry weight per unit length of the aboveground 3rd to 5th internodes，stem puncture strength and stem crushing strength）of 150 improved American maize inbred lines（with Zheng 58 as the control）planted during 2023—2024 were analyzed.Correlation analysis，cluster analysis，principal component analysis（PCA），and grey relational analysis were comprehensively applied to evaluate lodging resistance，and screen inbred lines with high lodging resistance，so as to provide theoretical support for the breeding of lodging‐resistant maize varieties.The results showed that among the 150 maize inbred lines，the dry weight of the aboveground 3rd internode exhibited the richest variation，with the largest variation coefficients of 46.51% and 39.52% in two years，respectively.Correlation analysis revealed that stem crushing strength was extremely significantly positively correlated with stem puncture strength；both stem puncture strength and stem crushing strength were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the aboveground 3rd internode stem length，as well as stem diameter，dry weight，and dry weight per unit length of the aboveground 3rd to 5th internodes.Cluster analysis indicated that the maize inbred lines were divided into 4 clusters，among which cluster Ⅰ and cluster Ⅱ had high stem puncture strength and stem crushing strength.Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rates of the first two principal components in 2023 and the first three principal components in 2024 reached 82.51% and 84.57%，respectively.A total of 9 inbred lines（XM082，XM026，XM059，XM107，XM084，XF001，XM119，XM117，XM040）ranked in the top 20% of the 150 inbred lines in terms of comprehensive lodging resistance score in both 2023 and 2024，and their comprehensive lodging resistance scores were significantly higher than that of the control Zheng 58.Grey relational analysis demonstrated that the dry weight，dry weight per unit length and stem diameter of the aboveground 3rd to 5th internodes had relatively high relational degrees with the comprehensive lodging resistance score，which could be used as important indicators for the identification of maize lodging resistance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on County‑Level Yield Simulation of Winter Wheat in Henan Province Based on Machine Learning Algorithms LIU Xinglin, LIU Yuan, YANG Fan, LIU Buchun, HAN Rui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (8): 167-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.017 Abstract （433）      PDF （16397KB）（57）       Knowledge map    Save Henan is a major province for winter wheat cultivation，and simulating winter wheat yield is of great significance for ensuring national food security. This study analyzed the performance of machine learning models in winter wheat yield simulation using ten‑day scale meteorological data and county‑level winter wheat yield data from 16 counties（cities）in Henan Province from 2000 to 2019.The dataset was divided into a test set（2000—2015） and a training set（2016—2019）.Based on multiple stepwise regression，random forest，and random forest OOB methods，county‑level yield simulation models for winter wheat in Henan Province were constructed，and the simulation effects of different models were verified and compared. The results showed that，from 2000 to 2019，the winter wheat yield in Henan Province fluctuated between 2 001 and 7 980 kg/ha，with an average of 5 675 kg/ha and a coefficient of variation ranging from 3.75% to 26.58%.A multiple stepwise regression model was constructed based on 19 ten‑day scale meteorological factors that passed the 95% significance test.The multiple stepwise regression model was validated with a determination coefficient（R2）of 0.620 9 and a root mean square error（RMSE）of 907.06 kg/ha；The random forest model constructed using all the characteristic factors was validated with the R2 of 0.772 5，and the RMSE of 664.36 kg/ha.A total of 68 key ten‑day scale meteorological characteristic factors were screened based on random forest OOB importance analysis，among which，the ten‑day scale meteorological factors in November last year，March，April and June had particularly significant impacts on winter wheat yield.The validation determination coefficient of the random forest OOB model for simulating county‑level winter wheat yield was 0.860 5，and the RMSE was 636.58 kg/ha.The random forest OOB model performed better than the multiple stepwise regression model and the random forest model，with R2 increased by 38.59% and 11.39%，respectively，and RMSE decreased by 29.82% and 4.18%，respectively.This study utilized limited meteorological data and county‑level yield data to achieve reliable and accurate winter wheat yield simulation，providing a methodological reference for regional winter wheat yield simulation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Evaluation and Index Screening of Salt‑Alkali Tolerance during the Seedling Stage of Cyperus esculentus LI Chunxin, ZHAI Yunru, WANG Shufeng, CHEN Xiangong, ZHENG Mei, WANG Meng, ZHANG Ge, WANG Huiwei, YUAN Tianyou Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 40-54.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.005 Abstract （428）      PDF （3227KB）（497）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the salt‑alkali tolerance characteristics of tiger nut（Cyperus esculentus） at the seedling stage and establish precise evaluation indicators and a relevant mathematical model，18 trait indices including germination rate，plant height，root length，root number，plant biomass，plant water content，chlorophyll content，superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity，and soluble protein content were measured for 66 tiger nut germplasm resources under 5 g/kg mixed salt‑alkali stress after 15 days of germination. Comprehensive analytical methods，including correlation analysis，principal component analysis（PCA），membership function，grey relational analysis，and stepwise regression analysis，were employed to assess the stress tolerance performance of different materials and establish an evaluation system.The results showed that the variation in salt‑alkali tolerance coefficients among different traits ranged from 9.79% to 58.57%，with the coefficient for root dry mass exhibiting the greatest variability and that for relative water content demonstrating the smallest variability. PCA transformed the 18 original indicators into six principal components，which cumulatively accounted for 86.783% of the total variance.Based on the comprehensive evaluation D‑value，the 66 germplasm resources were classified into five tolerance levels：extremely strong，strong，moderate，weak，and sensitive. Classification criteria were defined，identifying two germplasm resources with extremely strong tolerance and 12 salt‑sensitive germplasm resources.Cultivars Yu Yousha 2 and Yu Yousha 3 were both classified as strongly salt‑alkali tolerant materials. Using stepwise regression analysis，a mathematical model for evaluating salt‑alkali tolerance at the seedling stage was established.This model demonstrates that by measuring and calculating the salt‑alkali tolerance coefficients of total fresh weight，relative water content，root number，total chlorophyll content，plant height，and SOD activity，the D‑value can be estimated using the regression equation to assess the salt‑alkali tolerance of tiger nut germplasms at the seedling stage.This study provides essential materials，methodological support，and a robust evaluation framework for subsequent research on salt‑alkali stress tolerant mechanisms and breeding of tiger nut varieties. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Application Rate and Method of Nitrogen on Winter Wheat Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization，Yield and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Residue under Wide‑Narrow Row Planting MA Shangying, XIA Tingting, HAN Pengbin, ZHANG Mengjiao, MAO Yingjie, WANG Zhiqiang, XIN Zeyu, LIN Tongbao, LIAN Yanhao, REN Yongzhe Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (8): 38-50.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.004 Abstract （417）      PDF （23639KB）（67）       Knowledge map    Save Aikang 58（AK58）and Yunong 908（YN908）were used as experimental materials to study the effects of nitrogen application rates［120 kg/ha（N120），180 kg/ha（N180）and 240 kg/ha（N240）］and application methods ［strip application（R） and broadcast application（S）］ on the winter wheat aboveground dry matter accumulation，nitrogen absorption and utilization，yield and soil nitrate nitrogen residue under wide‑narrow row（30 cm ‑15 cm ‑15 cm）planting，so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for further optimizing the wheat‑maize double cropping management system and the annual nitrogen reduction and efficient green fertilization strategy in the Huang‑Huai‑Hai region.The results showed that the aboveground dry matter accumulation，nitrogen accumulation and pre‑anthesis nitrogen transport amount of AK58 and YN908 generally increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Under the conditions of N120 and N180，compared with S treatment，the aboveground dry matter accumulation at mature stage of R treatment significantly increased by 10.56%，5.96% and 6.21%，5.25%，respectively；the nitrogen accumulation in panicle at mature stage significantly increased by 4.46%，7.41% and 14.21%，9.94%，respectively；the pre‑anthesis nitrogen transport amount significantly increased by 10.11%，12.23% and 11.87%，12.21%，respectively.The nitrogen harvest index，partial factor productivity and agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of AK58 and YN908 generally decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Compared with S treatment，R treatment increased the nitrogen use efficiency，partial factor productivity and agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of AK58 and YN908，and the nitrogen use efficiency reached the maximum under N180R treatment.The grain yield of AK58 increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate，and the grain yield of YN908 increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Compared with S treatment，R treatment significantly increased the grain yield of AK58 under N120 and N180 conditions and YN908 under N120 condition，with the increase of 10.83%，6.06% and 15.59% respectively.AK58 reached the maximum yield under N180R treatment，and YN908 reached the maximum yield under N240R treatment. The nitrate nitrogen residue in soil gradually increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rate. Compared with S treatment，R treatment increased the nitrate nitrogen residue in surface soil in wide row area（maize planting area）at mature stage of winter wheat.The nitrate nitrogen residue in 0—40 cm soil layer（maize root layer）of N180 treatment was 55.95 kg/ha，which was the best matching with the nitrogen demand of subsequent maize at seedling stage.In summary，under the wide‑narrow row planting，the combination of nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/ha and strip application is a cultivation measure for winter wheat to save nitrogen，stabilize yield and improve efficiency in this study area. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Remediation Effects of Protaetia brevitarsis Frass on Chromium‑Arsenic Contaminated Soil‑Cherry Radish System XIA Zhenxiang, MENG Zhongju, WU Xiuhua, YANG Chao, ZHANG Xiujun, LIU Qian, HE Xin, WU Jiatong, ZHANG Yanru Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 103-111.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.011 Abstract （394）      PDF （4181KB）（653）       Knowledge map    Save To systematically evaluate the passivation and remediation efficiency，as well as the improvement of physicochemical properties and plant physiological metabolism of Cr and As contaminated soil in mine tailings ponds by the P.brevitarsis larvae frass sand，a greenhouse pot cultivation method was used. Cherry radish was selected as the test crop，and seven treatment levels were set up［insect feces sand was added at 0%（CK），10%（T1），20%（T2），40%（T3），50%（TN），80%（T4），and 100%（T5）of soil weight］to study its effects on soil physicochemical properties，soil Cr and As content，and soil enzyme activity. At the same time，its effect on photosynthetic indicators，heavy metal content in edible parts，and plant enzyme activity of cherry radish were analyzed.The results showed that with the increase of application rate of P.brevitarsis larvae frass sand，soil pH value，heavy metals Cr and As content showed a decreasing trend，while conductivity，organic matter content，available nitrogen content，available phosphorus content，soil urease activity，invertase activity，and catalase activity significantly increased（P<0. 05）.Cherry radish showed reduced absorption of Cr and As，improved photosynthetic indicators（relative chlorophyll content，leaf nitrogen content），and increased antioxidant enzyme（superoxide dismutase，peroxidase，catalase）activity. The redundancy analysis results showed that soil organic matter content was the core driving factor（with a contribution rate of 83.0%），indicating its central role in soil fertility.In summary，the P.brevitarsis larvae frass sand could enhance the adsorption capacity of soil heavy metals（Cr，As）by regulating soil physical and chemical properties，improving soil fertility and soil enzyme activity，and could effectively reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals，alleviating the toxicity to cherry radishes.Among them，adding insect feces sand at 80% of soil weight（T4 treatment）has a better effect on soil remediation and plant safety production. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of Diatomite and Biochar Application on Methane Emissions and Related Microorganisms in Paddy Fields TIAN Lixia, LI Shuanglong, LIU Zhangyong, LIU Dong, JIANG Mengdie, NIE Jiangwen, JIN Tao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (8): 69-81.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.007 Abstract （389）      PDF （9403KB）（84）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the effects of diatomite，biochar，and their combined application on methane（CH4）emission，methanogen（mcrA）and methanotroph（pmoA）communities in paddy fields，a pot experiment was set up with four treatments：no amendment（CK），full‑dose biochar（B），full‑dose diatomite（S），and half‑dose biochar plus half‑dose diatomite（BS）.During the entire rice growth period，CH4 emissions were monitored，and soil dissolved organic carbon（DOC）content，ammonium nitrogen（NH4+‑N）content，redox potential（Eh），as well as mcrA and pmoA gene abundances and related microbial community structures were determined and compared.The results showed that compared with CK，the total cumulative CH4 emissions in B，S，and BS treatments decreased by 23.47%，29.95%，and 32.51% throughout the growth period.Compared with CK，S and BS treatments significantly increased soil NH4+‑N content.The abundances of mcrA and pmoA genes and the mcrA/pmoA value were the highest in the tillering stage across all four treatments.Compared with CK，the average mcrA/pmoA values in B，S，and BS treatments decreased by 40.82%，49.78%，and 55.31% throughout the growth period.The community diversity of methanogens increased，while that of methanotrophs decreased in B，S，and BS treatments.These treatments reduced the relative abundances of Methanosarcinaceae and Methylococcus，but increased that of Methanobacteriaceae；S and BS treatments further increased the relative abundance of Methylocystis.Correlation analysis results indicated that CH4 emission flux was significantly positively correlated with the mcrA/pmoA value at the significance levels of 0.001，0.01，0.05，and 0.05 in the tillering，jointing，booting，and maturity stages，respectively.In conclusion，biochar，diatomite，and their combined application all have the potential to reduce CH4 emissions in paddy fields，with the combined application of biochar and diatomite exhibiting the best CH4 reduction effect. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of 11 Different Varieties of Pear Paste ZHANG Sipu, CUI Wei, ZHANG Ke, LU Yunfeng, MIAO Jianyin, GUO Chaofeng, XIE Yuanming, ZHANG Yanmin, NIU Jiajia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (12): 167-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.12.016 Abstract （388）      PDF （17589KB）（27）       Knowledge map    Save To identify pear varieties suitable for pear paste processing，this study measured the colorimetric indices，total acidity，vitamin C content，total phenolic content，amino acid composition，and volatile components of syrups produced from 11 major pear varieties cultivated in Henan Province.The pastes were assessed using an essential amino acid（EAA）scoring system，and a comprehensive evaluation was conducted via principal component analysis.The results showed that Huangguan pear paste had the highest clarity（87.65%）and the lowest browning degree（0.53）.Yuluxiang pear had the highest essential amino acid/total amino acid（25.04%）and essential amino/non⁃essential amino acid（34.17%），which was close to the requirements of ideal protein. Wonhwang pear paste achieved the highest essential amino acid ratio coefficient（SRC，87.35）.The essential amino acid index（EAAI）values of Hongxiangsu，Zhongli No.1，Yuluxiang，and Wanxiu pear pastes were all near 1.0，indicating high nutritional quality of their essential amino acids.A total of 41 volatile compounds were identified across varieties，with Hwasan pear paste having the highest number of volatile component types（21）.There was a strong correlation between various indicators.By introducing 71 indicators of different varieties of pear paste into the factor analysis calculation system，10 common factors were obtained. The cumulative contribution rate of the first 7 factors was 89.03%，and the model was obtained according to the variance contribution rate：Y=0.244 9F1+0.153 4F2+0.143 6F3+0.113 6F4+0.100 4F5+0.073 0F6+0.061 5F7.Comprehensive scores ranked the varieties in descending order as follows：Akizuki，Hwasan，Wanxiu，Hwanggeumbae，Yuluxiang，Huangguan，Hongzaosu，Wonhwang，Suli，Hongxiangsu，Zhongli No. 1 pear paste. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of 2，4‐epibrassinolide and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Hormone Metabolism of Rhododendron hybridum under High Temperature Stress GUO Jia, XIONG Dingwei, YANG Lijuan, CHENG Jianjun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 110-120.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.012 Abstract （387）      PDF （4677KB）（94）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the mechanism of heat tolerance in Rhododendron hybridum under high temperature stress by foliar application of 2，4‐electrobrassinolide（EBR），inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF）Diversifiospora epigaea，as well as their combined treatment，using Rhododendron hybridum ‘Yunqi Yanxia’cuttings as experimental materials，indoor pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of control（CK，normal temperature，without adding AMF or EBR treatment），separate high temperature treatment（HS），HS+AMF，HS+EBR，HS+EBR+AMF treatment on the photosynthetic pigment content，gas exchange parameters，chlorophyll fluorescence parameters，and hormone content of R.hybridum.Under high temperature stress，the growth of R.hybridum was inhibited，and the appearance phenotype was characterized by yellowing and reduced leaf size，with most leaves dying. Spraying EBR on leaves could promote the increase of AMF infection rate，branch attachment rate，and vesicles，but had no significant effect on AMF number of entry point.Compared with high temperature treatment alone（HS），the content of chlorophyll a，chlorophyll b，total chlorophyll，and carotenoids in R.hybridum increased by 84.3%，182.3%，105.8%，and 150.6%，respectively，under HS+EBR+AMF treatment.The net photosynthetic rate（Pn），transpiration rate（Tr），stomatal conductance（Gs），and instantaneous water use efficiency（WUE） increased by 129.5%，78.9%，32.7%，and 28.1%，while the intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci） decreased by 11.7%.At the same time，HS+EBR+AMF treatment increased the maximum photochemical quantum efficiency（Fv/Fm），PSⅡ potential activity（Fv/Fo），and photochemical quenching coefficient（qP）of PSⅡ in the leaves of R.hybridum，while reducing the non photochemical quenching coefficient（NPQ）.It promoted the energy used for electron transfer per unit reaction center（EETo/RC），absorbed light energy per unit area（EABS/CSm），captured light energy（ETRo/CSm），and quantum yield of electron transfer（EETo/CSm） in R. hybridum leaves.Under high temperature stress，the contents of zeaxanthin（ZT），gibberellin（GA3），and indole‐3‐acetic acid（IAA） in the leaves of R.hybridum decreased，while the content of abscisic acid（ABA）increased.After HS+EBR+AMF treatment，ZT，GA3，and IAA contents increased by 54.2%，43.2%，and 29.5%，respectively，while the content of ABA decreased by 26.5%.EBR can promote the infection and development of AMF，and compared with single AMF or EBR treatment，the combination of the two treatments has the best effect on enhancing the heat tolerance of R.hybridum. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Wheat Spike Automatic Detection Method Based on Improved YOLOv8n ZANG Hecang, ZHOU Meng, WANG Yahui, PENG Yilong, ZHAO Qing, ZHANG Jie, LI Guoqiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 162-169.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.017 Abstract （384）      PDF （21133KB）（72）       Knowledge map    Save In wheat breeding，spike number is the key index to evaluate wheat yield.Timely and accurate detection of wheat spike number has important practical significance for early prediction of yield.In actual production，the method of artificial field investigation and statistics of wheat spikes is time‑consuming and laborious. Therefore，this paper proposed an automatic wheat spike detection method based on improved YOLOv8n. Firstly，HGNetV2 was used to improve the network structure to enhance the expression ability of small target wheat spike feature；Secondly，deep separable convolution and pointwise convolution were introduced to improve the computational efficiency and counting performance of the model；Finally，the loss function was improved to optimize the model，accurate determination of wheat ear position and category information was achieved.The test results showed that the accuracy of the improved YOLOv8n in wheat spike detection task was 93.7%，which was 6.5 percentage points higher than that of YOLOv8n.Compared with YOLOv5s and YOLOv8x，the improved YOLOv8n increased by 9.7 percentage point and 0.5 percentage point，which could detect wheat spike images in field complex situations，and had better computer vision processing effect and performance evaluation detection effect.This method can accurately detect the number of small target wheat spikes，and better solve the problem of occlusion and overlapping of wheat spikes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Growth Characteristics and Resource Status of Dominant Fish Species in Henan Section of the Main Stream of the Yellow River ZHANG Qingqing, HE Haizhan, FANG Dongdong, MA Chao, WANG Zhaoping, YANG Hui, HUI Jun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 131-140.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.014 Abstract （381）      PDF （3257KB）（63）       Knowledge map    Save To evaluate the growth dynamics and utilization status of fish resources in the Henan section of the main stream of the Yellow River，fish resources were investigated in 11 sections of Henan section of the main stream of the Yellow River in June（summer）and October（autumn）of 2023，January（winter）and May（spring）of 2024. Growth and mortality parameters as well as resource utilization status were analyzed for five dominant fish species Parabramis pekinensis，Carassius auratus，Hemiculter leucisculus，Pseudobrama simoni，Cyprinus carpio by using FiSAT Ⅱ software.The Beverton‐Holt dynamic comprehensive model was applied to assess management strategies. The results showed that the growth index（b）of the five fish species ranged from 3.02 to 3.22，exhibiting positive allometric growth.The growth coefficient（K）was 0.39—0.93，so all of them were rapid growth type.The growth performance index（φ'） was 4.02—5.41.The resource exploitation rate of four fish species，except for Cyprinus carpio，were all lower than the exploitation rate which produces maximum sustainable yield，suggesting that the stocks were not over‐exploited. The results of the Bverton‐Hort dynamic comprehensive model showed that the current catchable body length of Cyprinus carpio was relatively smaller，and increasing the catchable body length was more conducive to the recovery of fish resources than reducing the fishing intensity.Optimal resource protection and management would be achieved by setting size‐at‐first‐capture limits at 236 mm for Parabramis pekinensis，165 mm for Carassius auratus，89 mm for Hemiculter leucisculus，86 mm for Pseudobrama simoni，and 490 mm for Cyprinus carpio.In summary，in the Henan section of the the main stream of the Yellow River，the growth rate of the five dominant fish species showes an accelerating trend；Cyprinus carpio resources are overexploited. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Angelica dahurica Germplasm Resources XU Lanjie, AN Sufang, YU Yongliang, DONG Wei, LIANG Huizhen, TAN Zhengwei, YANG Qing, YANG Hongqi, WU Xiaohui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 64-71.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.007 Abstract （377）      PDF （1408KB）（320）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the genetic diversity and population structure characteristics of Angelica dahurica parent materials and improve the utilization efficiency of A.dahurica germplasm resources，28 start codon targeted polymorphism（SCoT）markers were used for PCR amplification of 78 germplasm accessions from 5 A.dahurica populations.Genetic diversity and population structure were analyzed using softwares such as POPGENE 1.32 and GenALEx6.502.The results showed that 28 SCoT markers amplified a total of 192 bands，including 159 polymorphic bands.The average number of amplified bands and polymorphic bands per marker were 7 and 6，respectively.The average values of polymorphic information content（PIC），Shannon’s diversity index（I），and Nei’s gene diversity index（H）for SCoT markers were 0.800，0.350，and 0.240，respectively，indicating relatively high genetic diversity. For the five A.dahurica populations，the average number of alleles per locus（Na），average effective number of alleles（Ne），average I，and average expected heterozygosity（He）were 1.514，1.293，0.265，and 0.174，respectively，with the Yu A.dahurica population showing the highest values.The genetic differentiation coefficient and gene flow among the five populations were 0.135 and 3.195，respectively.94% of the genetic variation originated within populations，and high gene flow reduced genetic differences between populations.Based on genetic similarity coefficients（GS）among populations，the five A.dahurica populations were clustered into three groups at a GS threshold of 0.96：Yu A.dahurica，Hang A.dahurica，and Chuan A.dahurica populations were grouped together.Based on the GS of 78 A.dahurica germplasms，they were clustered into three major categories at a GS value of 0.765.These categories included 73，3，and 2 A.dahurica germplasms respectively. In conclusion，the five A.dahurica populations exhibit low levels of genetic diversity and close genetic relationships among germplasms.Therefore，efforts should be strengthened to create new A.dahurica germplasm resources. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of EMS Mutagenesis on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Pomegranate GAO Xiaofeng, ZHANG Qiuyue, ZHOU Xiaojing, ZUO Weifang, HUANG Rantao, GUO Shuangshuang, YUAN Chaozheng, ZHENG Mingyan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (8): 133-139.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.013 Abstract （377）      PDF （1351KB）（635）       Knowledge map    Save This study investigated the mutagenesis effect of ethyl mesylate（EMS）on pomegranate seeds，and determined the appropriate mutagenesis dose for germplasm innovation of pomegranate seeds，to explore new techniques and methods for the breeding of new varieties of pomegranate. Pomegranate seeds were treated with EMS solutions of five different mass fractions（0，0.2%，0.4%，0.6%，0.8%），and the germination time，germination potential，germination rate，emergence rate，seedling formation rate，phenotypic variance，phenotypic variation rate and other indicators were measured，and the seedling height，ground diameter，root length，root number and other morphological indicators were measured.Physiological and biochemical indexes such as superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity，peroxidase（POD）activity，catalase（CAT）activity and ascorbate peroxidase（APX）activity were detected in the leaves of seedlings. The results showed that，after EMS treatment，the germination time of seeds was delayed，and the higher the concentration，the more the delay.The germination potential and germination rate of seeds were increased slightly after 0.2% treatment，and the other three treatments were significantly decreased，and the higher the concentration，the more the decrease.The seedling success rate gradually decreased with the increase of EMS mass fraction，reaching a minimum of 11.67% at 0.8%.The variation rate gradually increased with the increase of EMS mass fraction，reaching a maximum of 5.34% at 0.8%.The average plant height and average root length of seedlings were decreased，except for a slight increase after 0.2% treatment.The average ground diameter of seedlings was decreased，and the higher the concentration was，the greater the decrease was.The average root number of seedlings was decreased by the other three treatments except for 0.2% treatment，which had no change，and the higher the concentration was，the greater the decrease was.The activities of SOD，POD，CAT and APX in the leaves of seedlings were increased，and with the increase of the concentration，the increase amplitude showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing，and gradually increased with the increase of concentration in 0.2%—0.6%，and the increase amplitude decreased significantly at 0.8%.EMS generally showed an inhibitory effect on the germination of pomegranate seeds and the growth of seedlings，and EMS with an appropriate mass fraction could enhance the stress resistance of plants.Considering the seedling formation rate，variation rate，physiological and biochemical indexes，the optimal EMS mutagenesis dose for pomegranate seeds ranges from half lethal dose（LD50）to critical dose（LD40），that is 0.54%—0.63%. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and Expression Analysis of OBP and CSP Genes in the Sex Pheromone‑producing Gland of Domestic and Chinese Wild Silkworms WANG Qinghai, JIA Yanhua, ZHANG Yu, HUANG Zhenfu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 153-161.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.016 Abstract （372）      PDF （2323KB）（589）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the mechanism of insect odor recognition and chemoreception，based on the previous transcriptome data，the odorant‑binding protein（OBP）and chemosensory protein（CSP）genes in the sex pheromone‑producing glands（PGs） of domestic silkworm（Bombyx mori） and Chinese wild silkworm（Bombyx mandarina）were screened and identified，and the spatio‑temporal expression patterns of the differentially expressed genes were analyzed. At the same time，the relative concentration changes of sex pheromone components（bombykol and bombykal）in silkworm at different developmental stages were detected by gas chromatography‑mass spectrometry（GC‑MS）. The results showed that a total of 13 OBP genes and 10 CSP genes were identified in the PGs of both domestic and wild silkworms. Among them，five OBP genes（OBP11，OBP23，OBP27，OBP41，and OBP42）and four CSP genes（CSP3，CSP12，CSP13，and CSP15）had significant expression differences.The expression levels of these differentially expressed genes in different tissues of domestic silkworm larvae and adults were different.It was worth noting that the OBP11 gene showed the highest expression level in the PGs of domestic and wild silkworms，and was continuously expressed in the PGs of domestic silkworms at different developmental stages.Further analysis showed that the expression level of this gene was significantly increased at 0.001 level at 24 h after eclosion compared with that before eclosion，and significantly decreased at 0.001 level at 6 h after mating.GC‑MS analysis showed that the relative concentration of bombykol remained stable before eclosion，increased significantly at the 0.001 level after 24 h of eclosion，and decreased significantly at the 0.001 level after 3 h of mating. In contrast，the relative concentration of bombykal maintained a stable level during the entire developmental process. In conclusion，the OBP11 gene is highly expressed in the PGs of both domestic and wild silkworms.The expression dynamics of this gene（upregulated after eclosion and downregulated after mating）are highly consistent with the alterations in bombykol content，suggesting that this gene may be involved in the binding and release processes of sex pheromones. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome‑wide Identification and Expression Analysis of TCP Transcription Factor Family in Melon LI Hailun, GAO Ningning, GUO Yaomiao, SUN Dongling, WANG Yueling, XIE Kuixi, LI Pengfei, DUAN Shixiang, ZHAO Weixing, YANG Sen Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 127-140.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.014 Abstract （371）      PDF （15400KB）（43）       Knowledge map    Save TCP gene family is a class of transcription factors unique to plants and closely related to different stages of plant growth and development. There are few reports on the TCP gene family in melon.In this study，the members of the TCP gene family in melon were identified through bioinformatics methods，and their physicochemical properties，subcellular localization，phylogenetic evolution，chromosomal location，gene structure，conserved motifs，cis‑elements，miRNAs and gene expression patterns were analyzed.The results revealed that a total of 29 members were identified within the TCP gene family.All these members contained the TCP domain and were unevenly distributed across nine chromosomes.The amino acid numbers of melon TCP transcription factor family proteins ranged from 61 to 600 aa，the molecular weights ranged from 7 115.16 to 65 469.20 u，and the theoretical isoelectric points ranged from 5.62 to 10.06.Subcellular localization prediction analysis revealed that 28 TCP proteins were localized within the nucleus.According to the phylogenetic analysis，the family members could be divided into two subfamilies，Class Ⅰ and Class Ⅱ ，and further subdivided into three subgroups：PCF，CYC/TB1 and CIN.The gene structures of CmTCPs were relatively simple，all members containing 1 or 2 exons，and only a few genes contained introns.All the 29 genes contained motif 1，and the Motifs contained by different subgroups were different.The cis‑element prediction analysis showed that the promoter sequences of the melon TCP gene family were mainly composed of light response，hormone response，growth and development‑related elements.The miRNA prediction analysis obtained 25 miRNAs interacting with 13 CmTCP genes.The analysis of RNA‑Seq data of melon genome database showed that 26 CmTCP genes had both distinct tissue‑specific expression and specific expression in certain tissue parts in melon tissues.The results of qRT‑PCR indicated that the relative expression levels of CmTCP‑CYC/TB1 gene family members in different tissues of melon were significantly different. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fish Community Structure and Ecological Niche of the Major Fish Species in Nanwan Reservoir LUN Feng, TAN Chenxi, SU Chaoqun, YANG Tiezhu, MA Yuanye, LI Zheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (8): 159-166.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.016 Abstract （370）      PDF （4260KB）（609）       Knowledge map    Save To understand the fish community structure characteristics and interspecific relationships of major fish species in Nanwan Reservoir，fish resource surveys were conducted in November 2022（autumn） and May 2023（spring）.Community composition，fish diversity，and spatiotemporal niche characteristics［including niche width index（Bi ） and overlap index（Qik）］were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 1 903 fish were captured in the two surveys，belonging to 24 species，22 genera，6 families，and 4 orders. Comprehensive analysis showed that in Nanwan Reservoir Hemiculter leucisculus，Toxabramis swinhonis，and Xenocypris davidi was the dominant species. Based on the PINKAS relative importance index（IRI），a total of 10 major fish species were identified.There were spatio‑temporal variations in fish diversity in the Nanwan Reservoir.The Margalef species richness index in spring（2.78）was slightly higher than that in autumn（2.67），whereas the Shannon‑wiener diversity index，Pielou evenness index and Simpson dominance index in autumn were significantly higher than in spring，and the fish species diversity was significantly higher in the central reservoir area. Spatio‑temporal niche analysis revealed that Chanodichthys dabryi（1.254），X.davidi（1.073），and Sarcocheilichthys sciistius（1.024）exhibited moderate niche width index，while other species showed low niche width index.Among spatiotemporal niche overlap index，18 species pairs（40% of total pairs）showed high overlap index（Qik>0.6），and 11 pairs（24.4%）exhibited low overlap index（Qik<0.3）.The highest spatiotemporal overlap occurred between Pseudorasbora parva and Carassius auratus（0.922），while P.parva and T.swinhonis，despite having similar ecological habits，displayed low overlap index（0.249）.In conclusion，the dominant fish species with significant differences in feeding habits and living water layers in the Nanwan Reservoir show a more stable community structure；fish species with similar feeding habits but different living spaces have higher spatial and temporal overlap index.Fish species with similar feeding habits and living water layers may have reduced spatial and temporal overlap index due to niche competition，accompanied by significant population fluctuations. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Carbon and Phosphorus Addition on the Characteristics and Construction Process of Microbial Communities in the Yellow Soil of Central Guizhou QIN Shihua, CONG Chunlei, YAN Ru, LIU Chao, SONG Xiaohui, QIAO Zhiwei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 84-97.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.009 Abstract （370）      PDF （54001KB）（277）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the effects of external carbon and phosphorus on the characteristics and construction process of soil microbial communities，glucose was used as the exogenous carbon source material，and potassium dihydrogen phosphate was used as the phosphorus source. Four treatments were set up，including control（CK），carbon addition（C），phosphorus addition（P），and carbon phosphorus addition（CP）.Using yellow soil from central Guizhou as the experimental soil，a pot experiment with oilseed rape was conducted to investigate the effects of carbon and phosphorus addition on soil physicochemical properties，microbial community structure，and community assembly.The results showed that the total nitrogen content of the C，P，and CP treatments increased significantly by 7.82%，6.17%，and 6.17%，respectively，compared to the CK treatment，with no significant difference among the three treatments.The content of soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen in C，P and CP treatments increased，but there was no significant difference compared with the control.The soil nitrate nitrogen content in C and P treatments was significantly higher than that in CK and CP treatments.The soil pH value and ammonium nitrogen content in CP treatment were significantly higher than those in other treatments.The oilseed rape yields of the treatments were in the order of CP>C>P>CK.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased，while the relative abundance of Chloroflexi and Gemmatimonadetes increased.The addition of carbon and phosphorus promoted the growth of Ascomycota.The addition of carbon and phosphorus had little effect on the α diversity of bacterial and fungal communities.The Mantel test showed that indicators such as soil ammonium nitrogen，organic matter，and available potassium content had a significant impact on bacterial community beta diversity at the P<0.001 level；The indicators of soil ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus content had a significant impact on the β diversity of fungal communities at the P<0.01 level.The order of smoothness of bacterial network connectivity was P>C>CP>CK，while the order of smoothness of fungal network connectivity was C>P>CK>CP.The construction process of bacterial and fungal communities in each treatment was dominated by stochastic processes.The content of ammonium nitrogen was significantly correlated with bacterial and fungal βNTI values at the P<0.001 level，while pH value and soil organic matter were significantly correlated with bacterial βNTI values（P<0.05）and fungal βNTI values at the P<0.001 level.In summary，the addition of carbon and phosphorus has an impact on soil physical and chemical properties（such as ammonium nitrogen），thereby altering microbial community β diversity and community construction processes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Differences in Physiological and Molecular Responses of Different Saline‑Alkali Tolerant Types of Rice Roots to Saline‑Alkali Stress GOU Ruili, SHE Yangmengfei, FANG Jingying, TIAN Haotian, MA Guolin, TIAN Lei, LUO Chengke Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 34-42.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.004 Abstract （369）      PDF （7686KB）（142）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of saline‑alkali mixed stress（saline‑alkali concentration of 100 mmol/L with Na2SO4‑NaHCO3‑NaCl ratio of 1∶2∶1，pH 8.41）on the root growth，physiological characteristics and expression levels of saline‑alkali tolerance related genes of rice seedlings were studied with Ningjing 52 and Chen 2 as materials，and the differences in the response of different types of rice roots to saline‑alkali stress were revealed from the physiological and molecular levels. The results showed that there was no obvious difference in most root morphological indexes，physiological indexes and the expression level of saline‑alkali tolerance related genes between the two types of rice under normal condition.Under saline‑alkali stress，the total root length of Ningjing 52 significantly reduced by 26.40% compared with Chen 2，but the total root surface area and root volume significantly increased by 18.17% and 21.72%，respectively.The root activity，total root absorption area，peroxidase（POD）and catalase（CAT）activities of Ningjing 52 significantly increased by 31.95%，34.49%，16.95% and 41.67%，respectively，compared with Chen 2，while the contents of malondialdehyde（MDA）and hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）significantly reduced by 13.85% and 24.63%，respectively.The expression levels of OsCATC，OsP5CS，OsSOS1 and SKC1 genes in the roots of Ningjing 52 were significantly higher than those of Chen 2 at 1 h under saline‑alkali stress，which were 16.15，1.54，20.34 and 9.73 times that of Chen 2，respectively.The expression levels of OsNIN3 and ALT1 genes were 2.35 and 4.53 times higher than those of Chen 2 at 3 h under saline‑alkali stress，respectively.Correlation analysis showed that the total root length of rice was significantly positively correlated with the total root surface area，and the activities of POD，CAT and free proline content of Ningjing 52 and Chen 2 were significantly positively correlated with the expression levels of OsNIN3 and SKC1 genes.The content of H2O2 in the roots of Ningjing 52 was significantly negatively correlated with the expression levels of OsP5CS and OsNIN3 genes，and the total volume，vigor and total absorption area of Chen 2 roots were significantly positively correlated with CAT activity and free proline content，respectively.In conclusion，compared with Chen 2，Ningjing 52 enhances tolerance to saline‑alkali stress by improving root structure，root vigor，antioxidant enzyme activity and expression levels of saline‑alkali tolerance related genes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Exogenous Selenium Addition on Metal Element Accumulation and Edible Safety of Lentinula edodes DUAN Ran, GUO Jie, ZHOU Xiaohua, ZHANG Di, MA Ying, WU Xujin, WANG Tieliang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 171-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.018 Abstract （369）      PDF （2479KB）（51）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the effects of exogenous selenium on the selenium accumulation characteristics and metal element accumulation in the fruiting bodies of Lentinula edodes，two L.edodes varieties，Xiangyang No.2 and Bihua No.1，were used as experimental subjects. A mass fraction gradient of 0—40 mg/kg of exogenous selenium was applied，and the content of selenium，essential metal elements（zinc，iron，manganese，copper，chromium，and nickel），as well as toxic elements（cadmium，arsenic，lead，and mercury）in the fruiting bodies was determined.Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis were employed to elucidate the interactions between these elements. Dietary exposure risks were assessed based on estimated daily intake（EDI）and health risk indices（HRI）.The results showed that there was a significant linear positive correlation between the accumulation of selenium in fruiting bodies and the amount of exogenous selenium addition（R2≥0. 985），and the bio‑concentration factors were all >3.10.When the addition amount was 40 mg/kg，the accumulation of selenium in fruiting bodies reached 147.42 mg/kg（Xiangyang No.2）and 124.22 mg/kg（Bihua No.1），respectively.The basic accumulation level of zinc，iron and manganese in the fruiting body of L. edodes was higher. Exogenous selenium significantly increased the accumulation of copper in the fruiting body of Xiangyang No.2，and significantly reduced the accumulation of manganese in the fruiting body of Bihua No.1.Additionally，the nickel accumulation in Xiangyang No.2 fruiting bodies showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with increasing of selenium addition.When the exogenous selenium addition was ≤2 mg/kg，the accumulation of arsenic and lead in fruiting bodies decreased significantly.When the addition was ≥6 mg/kg，the accumulation of mercury in fruiting bodies decreased with the increase of exogenous selenium addition（decreased by 20.00%—95.00%）.Element interaction analysis showed that selenium was positively correlated with chromium at the 0. 001 level（r=0.78），and negatively correlated with mercury at the 0.001 level（r=-0.73）.Health risk assessment indicated that when the exogenous selenium addition was ≤2 mg/kg，the HRI of selenium in the fruiting bodies was <1，which met the safety threshold.The HRIs of essential metal elements were ≤0.164，and the HRIs of toxic elements were <1.The risk order was arsenic>cadmium>lead≈mercury. In summary，appropriate amount of exogenous selenium（≤2 mg/kg）can not only achieve high‑efficiency selenium biofortification of L.edodes，synergistically regulate the balance of essential metal elements，but also significantly inhibit the accumulation of some toxic elements，thus effectively ensuring the edible safety and nutritional value of selenium‑enriched L.edodes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of the GATA Gene Family in Dendrobium chrysotoxum and its Functional Analysis under Salt Stress WANG Lin, SHI Yingying, WANG Guang’an Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 72-83.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.008 Abstract （367）      PDF （16583KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save To screen GATA genes that respond to salt stress in Dendrobium chrysotoxum，GATA gene family in Dendrobium chrysotoxum was identified using bioinformatics analysis.The expression and function of DchGATA genes under salt stress were analyzed by qRT‑PCR and yeast heterologous transformation experiments.The results showed that a total of 20 DchGATA genes were identified from the genome of Dendrobium chrysotoxum，which were unevenly distributed on 12 chromosomes and could be categorized into four subfamilies（Class Ⅰ，Class Ⅱ，Class Ⅲ，Class Ⅳ）. The physicochemical properties of DchGATA proteins showed that the amino acid residues of DchGATA proteins ranged from 140 to 609，the molecular weight was 15.31—68.23 ku，and the instability index was in the range of 42.01 to 76.67，all of which were hydrophilic and unstable nuclear proteins.The DchGATA genes had different numbers of exons and introns，and members of the same subfamily had similar numbers of exons，and all contained GATA or ZnF‑GATA conserved domains.Moreover，Motif1 and Motif7 were present in the majority of DchGATA family members. Cis‑acting element analysis revealed that a total of 14 types of cis‑acting elements were identified in DchGATA family members，encompassing 368 cis‑regulatory elements associated with light response，hormone regulation response，growth and development，and stress responses.The results of gene expression pattern analysis showed that the DchGATA genes were expressed specifically at different developmental stages，with DchGATA12，DchGATA18，DchGATA16，and DchGATA19 being highly expressed at the uncolored bud stage，while DchGATA1，DchGATA7，and DchGATA12 being highly expressed at the colored full‑fowering stage.Under salt stress，the expression of DchGATA11，DchGATA15，and DchGATA18 increased with stress duration，whereas the expression of DchGATA8 decreased.The yeast transformation experiments further confirmed the important role of DchGATA2、DchGATA18、DchGATA5、DchGATA11、DchGATA15和DchGATA9 in improving salt tolerance.The GATA gene family of Dendrobium chrysotoxum has the function of regulating plant response to saltstress. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Fertilization and Planting Density on Yield，Quality of Oat Forage and Soil Physicochemical Property CAI Zongcheng, LÜ Liangyu, LIU Qingqing, ZHANG Hairong, LI Fayi, BAO Shancun, FU Shouquan, SHI Jianjun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 30-39.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.004 Abstract （365）      PDF （11279KB）（52）       Knowledge map    Save Taking Baiyan 7 as material，the effects of fertilization[single application of 18 000 kg/ha bio‑organic fertilizer(A),single application of 225 kg/ha pasture‑specific fertilizer(B),and combined application of 50% pasture‑specific fertilizer(112.5 kg/ha)+50% bio‑organic fertilizer(9 000 kg/ha)(C)]and planting density[4.75 million plants/ha(1)，5.75 million plants/ha(2),and 6.75 million plants/ha(3)]on oat plant height,leaf area,photosynthetic characteristics,forage yield,quality,and soil physicochemical properties were analyzed,and comprehensive evaluation was conducted using membership function method to screen the optimal treatment,so as to provide theoretical basis for efficient production of oat forage and sustainable soil utilization in alpine ecological regions.The results showed that from the perspectives of oat growth,yield and nutritional quality,C1,C2 and C3 treatments performed well,overall,C2 treatment had the best performance.C2 treatment had the highest plant height,coverage,leaf area,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,SPAD value,fresh grass yield,dry grass yield,crude protein content,soluble sugar content,total digestible nutrient content and relative feeding value，which significantly increased by 79.88%,44.60%,38.87%,61.30%,48.26%,38.51%,45.08%,74.05%,65.16%,70.24%,40.22%,60.90% and 42.83%,respectively,compared with CK(planting density of 4.75 million plants/ha without fertilization).C2 treatment had lower acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents,which significantly reduced by 24.63% and 19.18%,respectively,compared with CK.Additionally,C2 treatment had second‑highest crude fat content and relative forage value,which significantly increased by 104.10% and 37.66%,respectively,compared with CK.Soil physicochemical properties of C2 treatment were improved,organic carbon content was 41.80 g/kg,total nitrogen content was 3.65 g/kg,while electrical conductivity and pH value decreased.The comprehensive evaluation result showed that C2 treatment had the highest membership function value(0.83),followed by C1 treatment,while CK performed the worst.In conclusion,under the combined application of 50% pasture‑specific fertilizer(112.50 kg/ha)+ 50% bio‑organic fertilizer(9 000 kg/ha)and planting density of 5.75 million plants/ha,the oat had the best growth performance,highest forage yield and nutritional quality,and favorable soil physicochemical property,which is suitable for widespread adoption in high‑altitude regions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation，Identification and Studies on Plant Growth‐Promoting Properties of a Saline‐Alkaline Tolerant Bacterium XU Yan, LIANG Zhenpu, ZHANG Guozhi, YANG Xinping, ZHANG Xiaoxia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 91-101.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.010 Abstract （365）      PDF （32883KB）（50）       Knowledge map    Save To provide microbial resources for the research and development of functional microbial fertilizers and the improvement of saline‐alkaline soil，saline‐alkaline tolerant plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Phragmites australis in the saline‐alkaline soil of Bachu County，Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Saline‐tolerant and alkaline‐tolerant microorganisms were enriched and cultivated using high‐saline and high‐alkali LB medium. Their taxonomic status was determined through morphological observation and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.The saline and alkaline tolerance and alkali reduction ability of the strains were measured using LB medium with different NaCl contents and pH values.The plant growth‐promoting related characteristics of the strains，including nitrogen fixation， organic phosphorus solubilization， inorganic phosphorus solubilization，1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate（ACC）deaminase production，siderophore production，and indole‐3‐acetic acid（IAA）production，were detected using different functional identification mediums and the Salkowski colorimetric method.The growth‐promoting ability of the strains were evaluated through plate and pot experiments. The results indicated that one strain of Aidingimonas was screened out and named Aidingimonas sp.Bachu42，with a patent deposit number of CGMCC No.26952.The strain Bachu42 could grow under the conditions of NaCl content ranging from 20 to 200 g/L and pH value ranging from 7.0 to 11.0.This strain had the functions of nitrogen fixation，organic phosphorus solubilization，inorganic phosphorus solubilization，and could produce siderophores，ACC deaminase and IAA（with the highest yield reaching 12.39 μg/mL）.Under the conditions of initial pH 8.0，9.0，and 10.0 of LB medium，the strain Bachu42 could reduce the pH value of the medium by 8.75%，12.78% and 20.10%，respectively.The growth promotion effect was most significant under the condition of pH 8.0+2.0 mmol/L NaHCO3 in the tomato plate growth‐promotion test.Compared with the control，the aerial fresh weight，underground fresh weight，total fresh weight，lateral root number and leaf number of tomato inoculated with Bachu42 increased by 81.26%，160.04%，96.37%，144.88% and 26.40%，respectively.In the pot experiment of maize，the strain Bachu42 had the best growth promotion effect under 15 g/kg saline‐alkaline stress.Compared with the control group，the growth rates of aerial fresh weight，underground fresh weight，total fresh weight and plant height were 95.77%，56.27%，76.99% and 38.16%，respectively，after inoculating the strain Bachu42.In conclusion，the strain Aidingimonas sp.Bachu42 isolated and screened in this study is a strain with saline‐tolerance，alkali reduction and growth‐promoting functions，and could be utilized as a microbial fertilizer strain resource for saline‐alkaline soil. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of High and Stable Yield Performance and Genetic Characteristics of New Wheat Cultivar Zhengmai 9134 DONG Haibin, ZHAO Mingzhong, WANG Songfeng, DU Xijun, ZHANG Yu, QI Xueli Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 12-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.002 Abstract （365）      PDF （88651KB）（79）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the data from the regional（2019—2021）and production trials（2020—2021）of wheat varieties resistant to Fusarium head blight in Henan Province，this study systematically analyzed the high and stable yield performance of Zhengmai 9134 and the relationship between yield and its components.Meanwhile，by using the 660K wheat chip and 0.1K functional chip，the genetic characteristics were deeply analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for its production application and parental utilization.The results showed that Zhengmai 9134 had good characteristics with high and stable yield and wide adaptability.Compared with the control variety Bainong 207，the average yield of Zhengmai 9134 reached 7 383.5 kg/ha，with increase of 6.63%；the average high stability coefficient of Zhengmai 9134 was 82.01%，with increase of 5.66 percentage points；and the average adaptation degree of Zhengmai 9134 was 78.31%，much higher than the control.Through the correlation analysis and path analysis of yield and its three components，it was found that the effective spike number had the highest direct effect on yield，followed by the thousand‐grain weight and grain number per spike.The genetic contribution of Zhengmai 0943 to Zhengmai 9134 was slightly greater than that of Xinmai 22，and the genetic transmission rates were 51.07% and 48.00%，respectively.In addition，the genetic contribution of the parents of Zhengmai 9134 had genome‐specific differences. Among them，Xinmai 22 had a higher genetic transmission rate at the A and D genome levels，which were 65.19% and 68.07%，respectively，while Zhengmai 0943 had a higher genetic transmission rate at the B genome level，which was 69. 85%. Zhengmai 9134 aggregated multiple important functional genes，including five QTL loci with resistance to stripe rust （Yr29，QYrqin.nwafu‑2AL，QYrqin.nwafu‑2BL，QYr.nwafu‑3BS and QYr.nwafu‑4BL），two genes with resistance to leaf rust（Lr37and Lr67），two loci with resistance to Fusarium head blight（QFhb.hbaas‑5AS and QFhb.caas‑5AL），two grain weight genes（Tabas1 and TaGW2‑6A），and one gene related to grain size（QGl‑4A）. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Biocontrol Effects of Mycoviruses on Sesame Stem Rot WANG Jing, NI Yunxia, HE Bipo, ZHANG Chunyan, ZHAO Hui, LIU Xintao, ZHAO Xinbei, LIU Hongyan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 102-109.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.011 Abstract （364）      PDF （26058KB）（48）       Knowledge map    Save Sesame stem rot is caused by the fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina，and is the significant disease of sesame. Previous studies have found that M.phaseolina carries abundant resources of mycoviruses，while while the hypovirulent mycovirus is the green solution to control crop disease.In order to obtain the biocontrol strains against sesame stem rot，the biological characteristics of three hypovirulent strains（2012‐19，2012‐22，2012‐161）carrying mycoviruses were studied，and the strong virulent strain 2012‐63 was used as the control.The pathogenicity was compared by in vitro leaf and in vivo stem inoculation，and the control effect of three hypovirulent strains on sesame stem rot was evaluated by soil inoculation method.The results showed that the colony morphology of the highly virulent strain 2012‐63 on the PDA plate showed radial growth，the aerial mycelium was lush，and the growth rate was 20.44 mm/d；the colony morphology of hypovirulent strains 2012‐19，2012‐22 and 2012‐161 showed irregular growth，with obvious fanning area，and the growth rate was 2.94—13.19 mm/d，and the average growth rate of the three hypovirulent strains was significantly 60.54% lower than that of the highly virulent strain.After five days of inoculation of detached leaves，the lesions of the highly virulent strains had expanded to the entire leaf surface，resulting in browning and decay of the leaf surface，while the three hypovirulent strains only formed 28.26 mm2 lesions at the inoculation site. After 8 days of stem inoculation，the relative area under the disease progression curve（RAUDPC）of the three hypovirulent strains was 2.10—5.90，and the average RAUDPC of the three hypovirulent strains was reduced by 92.27% significantly than high‐virulent strains（45.55）.The indoor pot experiment showed that the control effects of three hypovirulent strains on sesame stem rot were 44.90%，56.40% and 75.30%，respectively，while the control effects of biocontrol agent（Trichoderma harzianum）and chemical agent（50% carbendazim）were 53.65% and 87.10%，respectively.It can be seen that the hypovirulent strain of M.phaseolina carrying the related virus can be used as a biological control resource to control sesame stem rot. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome‐Wide Identification of the EIN3/EIL Gene Family in Lonicera japonica and Functional Analysis of LjEIL3 under Drought Stress XU Rong, LI Jinlong, CHEN Shuangcheng, ZHAO Danli Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 81-90.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.009 Abstract （363）      PDF （12976KB）（42）       Knowledge map    Save Based on Lonicera japonica genome data，bioinformatics was utilized to identify members of the EIN3/EIL gene family in Lonicera japonica，and systematic analyses were conducted on their physicochemical properties，gene structure，gene expression patterns，and stress response.The results indicated that five LjEIL family members were identified at the whole‐genome level in Lonicera japonica，encoding 592 to 682 amino acids，all of which were acidic hydrophilic nuclear proteins. Chromosomal localization revealed that the LjEIL genes were distributed across four chromosomes，and phylogenetic analysis classified them into two subfamilies：Class Ⅰand Class Ⅲ.Gene structure analysis showed that all LjEIL genes contained the typical EIN3 domain，and their exon‐intron composition was relatively simple.61 cis‐acting elements were predicted in the promoter regions of the LjEIL genes，primarily light‐responsive elements and elements such as methyl jasmonate，gibberellin，anaerobic induction，and low‐temperature response were rich. Transcriptome data analysis revealed that the LjEIL genes exhibited typical tissue‐ and developmental stage‐specific expression patterns，with LjEIL3 showing the highest expression levels in mature leaves，shoot tips，and young bud stage. qRT‐PCR results indicated that drought stress could induce the expression of LjEIL genes，with LjEIL3 experiencing the greatest upregulation，and its expression level continued to increase as drought stress duration extended.Furthermore，Arabidopsis plants transformed with the LjEIL3 gene exhibited a significantly higher survival rate after 10 days of simulated drought treatment with 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 compared to the wild type，further confirming the positive regulatory role of LjEIL3 gene in drought stress.In summary，the LjEIL3 gene plays a functional role in regulating plant responses to drought stress，providing important genetic resources for stress‐tolerant molecular breeding in Lonicera japonica. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Foxtail Millet Regional Trials Based on BLUP and GGE Biplot WANG Shujun, XING Lu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (8): 51-59.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.005 Abstract （360）      PDF （5351KB）（214）       Knowledge map    Save In order to accurately select foxtail millet varieties with high and stable yield and broad adaptability，this study utilized best linear unbiased prediction（BLUP）data instead of raw yield for GGE biplot analysis.The analysis was conducted on 9 foxtail millet varieties and 14 test sites of National Foxtail Millet Variety Regional Adaptability Joint Evaluation Trial（North China Summer‑sowing Region）in 2023—2024.The results showed that，heatmap and ANOVA comparisons demonstrated that BLUP data decreased the variation coefficient of yield，and could better represent the genetic potential of variety.Notably，BLUP data explained 94.95% of total yield variation，which was obviously higher than that of raw data（72.51%），improving analytical precision.GGE biplot analysis using the BLUP data revealed that Yugu 101，Zhenggu 678 and Zhonggu 855 had higher yield；Hangu 6，Zhonggu 855 and Cang 471 had better yield stability；Yugu 101 and Zhonggu 855 had better comprehensive performance in yield potential and stability.Yugu 101 had the widest adaptability，followed by Zhonggu 855. Jinzhou（Liaoning Province），Taian（Shandong Province）and Anyang（Henan Province）sites were ideal test sites with strong discriminability and good representativeness.Overall，Yugu 101 and Zhonggu 855 are ideal foxtail millet varieties with high and stable yield and broad adaptability，suitable for promotion and cultivation in the North China summer millet region. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Saline‑Alkali Stress on Vegetative and Reproductive Growth of Japonica Rice Germplasm Resource DUAN Kairong, RAN Jie, SONG Jiawei, QIAO Chengbin, KONG Weiru, DONG Yue, LIU Songrui, ZHANG Bi, XU Hao, MA Donghua, LI Peifu, LUO Chengke, TIAN Lei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (8): 26-37.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.003 Abstract （359）      PDF （17720KB）（55）       Knowledge map    Save Using 164 japonica rice germplasm resources as test materials，the effects of saline‑alkali stress［normal paddy soil（control，CK），alkalized saline soil（T1）and alkali soil（T2）］on plant height（PH），tillers number per plant（NT），basal stem diameter（SD），days from sowing to heading（S‑FHD），effective panicles number per plant（PNPP），total grains number per plant（SPP），1 000‑grain weight（TGW），seed setting rate（SSR） and yield per plant（YPP） were studied under field conditions.Comprehensive evaluation was conducted by combining correlation analysis，principal component analysis and membership function to screen saline‑alkali tolerant germplasms during the whole growth period.The key indicators affecting the vegetative and reproductive growth of rice under different saline‑alkali stresses were screened through linear regression analysis，so as to provide theoretical basis for breeding saline‑alkali tolerant and high‑yielding rice varieties.The results showed that under the T1 and T2 treatments，PH，SPP and YPP of the japonica rice germplasm were significantly lower than those of CK.The differences of the above 9 traits between T1 and T2 treatments were all significant.The correlation analysis results showed that PH，SPP and S‑FHD were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with each other，and PH was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with TGW and YPP under all treatments. Under T1 and T2 treatments，PNPP was significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with PH and S‑FHD，while TGW was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with SSR and YPP.However，the correlations of the above traits did not reach significant levels under CK.Principal component analysis results showed that 4 principal components were extracted under CK，T1 and T2 treatments，with cumulative contribution rates of 79.550%，82.530% and 79.076%，respectively.Combined the key factor load values of each principal component with the R2 values of the linear regression equations between the 9 traits and the comprehensive saline‑alkali tolerance D value，PH，SPP and S‑FHD were determined as the key indicators affecting the vegetative and reproductive growth of japonica rice germplasms under saline‑alkali stress.According to the D value，two saline‑alkali tolerant germplasms，Liujing 2 and Bijing 45，were screened. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Generation，Migration and Release of Moisture in Heated Tobacco Product WU Jinlu, HU Anfu, JIANG Jian, XIA Qian, WANG Jun, XIAO Weiqiang, ZHOU Guojun, WU Jian, XU Jian, FANG Mengxiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (8): 15-25.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.002 Abstract （358）      PDF （1284KB）（1174）       Knowledge map    Save As a new type of tobacco product，heated tobacco product has gradually become popular in the world in recent years，and its fundamental research has become the focus of the tobacco industry both domestically and internationally.Among them，the generation，migration and release characteristics of moisture in heated tobacco products are the key factors to regulate the moisture content and temperature of smoke.The generation，migration and release characteristics of moisture in heated tobacco products are affected by many factors，such as sample characteristics（moisture content，type and content of atomizing agent，preparation process，tobacco raw materials），cigarette structure（length of tobacco section，ventilation rate of filter，punching position），heating instrument parameters（heating temperature，heating mode），puffing regimes and so on.To deepen the basic research of heated tobacco products and improve the quality of products，the influencing factors and mechanism of moisture content in the tobacco section，the law of moisture generation and the law of moisture migration and release were summarized and analyzed.On this basis，the shortcomings of current research were pointed out and the future research focus was put forward，to provide technical references for the research and development of heated tobacco products. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Different LED Light Formulations in Seedlings Raising on the Growth and Yield of Cherry Tomato YANG Xin, LI Yanhong, NIE Jun, XIE Yuming, SHI Liangliang, ZHENG Jinrong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (8): 140-150.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.014 Abstract （355）      PDF （1883KB）（96）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the effects of LED light formulations in seedlings raising on the growth，yield and quality of cherry tomato，the tomato cultivar Yuekeda 205 was used as the test material，and four light formulations were set up here，including T1（white light），T2（the red/blue light with the ratio 3∶1），T3（the red/blue light with the ratio 1∶1），T4（the red/blue light with the ratio 1∶3）［photosynthetic photon flux density（PPFD）=200 μmol/（m2·s）］，and T5（natural light）was used as the control group［PPFD=500—600 μmol/（m2·s）］.The results showed that LED light formulations supplied in seedlings raising could significantly increase the plant height，stem diameter，leaf number，total dry mass and seedling strength index of cherry tomato seedlings，which was more beneficial to cultivate strong seedlings as compared with T5 treatment.In addition，different LED light formulations supplied in seedlings raising significantly increased the number of flowers and fruit set of cherry tomato.Compared with T5，T2 not only significantly increased the total number of flowers and fruit set in plants，but also improved the content of phosphorus and fruit fresh mass per plant. Meanwhile，through principal component analysis，T2 was found to rank first in comprehensive score，indicating the best comprehensive effect on cherry tomatoes.Therefore，proper LED light formulation supplied in the seedling raising is an effective strategy to promote the cultivation of strong seedlings and ensure fruit yield of cherry tomato without compromising fruit quality. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of R2R3⁃MYB Gene Family and Screening of Genes Related to Flower Color Formation in Paeonia suffruticosa YAN Gengyang, GAO Wen, LI Hang, SHANG Ye, ZHANG Juping Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (12): 121-137.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.12.013 Abstract （354）      PDF （30993KB）（28）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the whole genome data of Paeonia suffruticosa，the R2R3⁃MYB gene family was identified to study its role in the formation of P.suffruticosa flower color and identify key regulatory genes.The physicochemical properties，chromosome location，phylogenetic analysis，gene structure，cis⁃acting elements，expression correlation and protein interaction were analyzed by bioinformatics methods.The expression patterns of genes in P.suffruticosa samples were verified by qRT⁃PCR. A total of 78 R2R3⁃MYB transcription factors of P.suffruticosa were identified，all of which were located in the nucleus and were mostly hydrophilic unstable proteins with abundant cis⁃acting elements and highly conserved R2 and R3 domains at the N⁃terminal.The 78 members were divided into 26 subfamilies（P1—P26）.Among them，Ps2RMYB21，Ps2RMYB38 and Ps2RMYB33 were homologous with S4 and S7，and had conserved motifs specific to the corresponding subfamilies respectively.The expression levels of Ps2RMYB33 and Ps2RMYB38 in normal sepals，colored sepals and normal petals were increased successively，and the expression patterns of structural genes PsCHS，PsCHI3，PsF3H1，PsDFR1，PsANS and PsUFGT4 were the same.There was a significant positive correlation between them，which was consistent with the accumulation trend of anthocyanins.However，Ps2RMYB21 was opposite to the expression pattern of these structural genes，and had a very significant negative correlation with the accumulation trend of anthocyanins.The results of qRT⁃PCR were basically consistent with the transcriptome data.To sum up，Ps2RMYB21，Ps2RMYB33，Ps2RMYB38are three key genes regulating the formation of peony flower color. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of the bHLH Gene Family in Tricholoma matsutake and Its Expression Analysis under Heavy Metal Stress LANG Qian, ZHANG Min, WANG Hao, GONG Lei, ZHOU Yu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 72-83.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.008 Abstract （349）      PDF （18504KB）（23）       Knowledge map    Save The bHLH（basic helix‑loop‑helix）transcription factors are widely involved in plant growth，development and stress response. In order to clarify the detailed information of the bHLH family members in Tricholoma matsutake and their response to heavy metal stress，we identified the bHLH family members based on Tricholoma matsutake genome by using bioinformatics methods.The physicochemical properties and structure of the proteins，the conserved domains and the promoter cis‑acting elements of the genes were analyzed，and the expression patterns of the bHLH family members in different developmental stages of Tricholoma matsutake fruit bodies，for different refrigeration durations，and under different heavy metal stresses were also investigated.The results showed that a total of 12 bHLH genes were identified in the Tricholoma matsutake genome，which were evenly distributed on 9 chromosomes.Physicochemical property analyses showed that the number of amino acids，theoretical molecular weight of protein，isoelectric point，and instability coefficient encoded by the bHLH（TmabHLH）genes were in the ranges of 96—878，10.72—96.02 ku，4.72—10.81，and 33.55—89.90，respectively.Subcellular localization analyses showed that all the genes were localized in the nucleus and were mainly hydrophilic and unstable nuclear proteins.In addition，the tertiary structure of TmabHLH protein mainly consisted of α‑helices and irregular convolutions，and the promoter sequences of the TmabHLH genes contained a large number of light‑responsive elements，hormone‑responsive elements，and abiotic stress‑responsive elements，suggesting that they may be involved in the growth and development and stress response of Tricholoma matsutake.Transcriptome analysis showed that most of the TmabHLH genes were abundantly expressed in the early development of Tricholoma matsutake fruit bodies，while most of the TmabHLH genes showed a decreasing trend in expression with prolonged cold storage time.The qRT‑PCR assay revealed that all six TmabHLH genes responded to the four heavy metal stresses and had different expression patterns at different concentrations，e.g.，the genes responded more drastically under arsenic（As）stress than under mercury（Hg），cadmium（Cd）and lead（Pb）stress.In summary，the Tricholoma matsutake bHLH gene family has the function of regulating the response of matsutake to heavy metal stress，which lays an important foundation for further revealing the specific functions of TmabHLHs under heavy metal stress. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics