Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

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Identification of TCP Transcription Factors in Artemisia annua and Analysis of Their Expression Patterns under MeJA Treatment

MA Qiyang, SONG Ge

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (12): 62-74. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.007

Abstract （1572）

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Based on the genome data of Artemisia annua，the TCP gene family members were identified，and their protein physicochemical properties，evolutionary relationships，and cis‑acting elements were analyzed. Transcriptome data were used to analyze the expression pattern of TCP transcription factors in Artemisia annua under different light treatments，and qRT‑PCR was used to detect their expression under methyl jasmonate（MeJA）treatment.The results showed that a total of 29 TCP genes（AaTCPs）were identified. AaTCPs differed greatly in protein physicochemical properties，in which the number of amino acids and protein molecular mass ranged from 132 to 443 and 14.60 to 47.86 ku，respectively，and the isoelectric points，instability indices，and fat coefficients were in the ranges of 5.67 to 9.99，33.28 to 69.77，and 51.70 to 77.40，respectively，and all of them were nuclear proteins.Phylogenetic relationships showed that AaTCPs could be classified into class Ⅰ（11）and class Ⅱ（18），unevenly distributed on eight chromosomes.The Motif number of AaTCPs ranged from 1 to 7，all of them contained one conserved TCP2 structural domain，and a large number of light‑，hormone‑，and stress‑responsive elements were present in their promoters.Protein interaction predictions revealed tight interactions among the protein members of AaTCPs except for AaTCP12 and AaTCP8.Transcriptome data showed that the expression levels of AaTCPs varied under different light treatments，and the expression of most genes was induced by light. qRT‑PCR analysis revealed that the expression of AaTCPs all increased to different degrees under MeJA treatment，showing dynamic changes with the extension of treatment time.In summary，the AaTCP gene family plays a significant role in light regulation and hormone response processes.

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Establishment of Callus Induction and Regeneration System of Cyperus esculentus

ZHU Yajing, ZHANG Xiangge, XU Xinran, HU Haiyan, CHENG Shan, CHEN Chen, LI Chunxin, SONG Wanxian, SONG Wenxu, WANG Huiwei

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (10): 73-81. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.009

Abstract （1517）

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In order to establish an efficient callus induction and regeneration system of Cyperus esculentus,the explants（young root,young leaf,young leaf sheath and tillering node)for callus induction were screened,and the effects of different plant growth regulator combinations on callus induction,proliferation and differentiation were explored.The results showed that the best explant for callus induction of Cyperus esculentus was tillering node;the optimal plant growth regulator combination for callus induction was 2.5 mg/L 2,4⁃D+0.6 mg/L 6⁃BA+0.6 mg/L NAA+0.9 mg/L ZT,and the induction rate could reach 65.58%;the optimal plant growth regulator combination for callus proliferation was 0.5 mg/L 2,4⁃D+0.9 mg/L 6⁃BA+1.2 mg/L NAA+1.2 mg/L ZT,and the proliferation rate could reach 68.12%;the optimal plant growth regulator combination for callus differentiation was 0.9 mg/L 6⁃BA+0.6 mg/L NAA,and the differentiation rate could reach 66.67%.In this study,the best explants suitable for callus induction of Cyperus esculentus were screened,and the conditions of callus induction,proliferation and differentiation of Cyperus esculentus were optimized,which could lay a foundation for the subsequent research and breeding application of biotechnology such as somatic hybridization and genetic transformation of Cyperus esculentus.

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Comparative Analysis of Chromosome Sets Characteristics of Sesame Cultivated Species and Wild Species Based on FISH and GISH Technologies

MA Qin, ZHAO Ruihong, JU Ming, CHEN Chengbin, DUAN Yinghui, YANG Weifei, MIAO Hongmei, ZHANG Haiyang,

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (10): 48-53. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.006

Abstract （1470）

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To reveal the evolutionary characteristics of Sesamum,explore the genome structure revolution and species evolution,and promote the development and utilization of wild resources,the cultivated species S.indicum(var.Yuzhi 11)and the 2n=26 type wild species S.alatum(var.3651)were used as experimental materials,fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)and genome fluorescence in situ hybridization(GISH)techniques were used to analyze the chromosome sets characteristics of sesame cultivated species and wild species.The results showed that both the cultivated species Yuzhi 11 and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651)were 2n=2x=26 karyotype;the rDNA⁃FISH hybridization results indicated that in the 13 pairs of chromosomes of the cultivated species Yuzhi 11,3 pairs of chromosomes(the 7th,8th and 9th pairs)had 45S rDNA⁃specific signals at the short arm tips,which were displayed as satellite specific chromosome.At the same time,2 pairs of chromosomes(the 5th and 11th pairs)had 5S rDNA⁃specific signals on the short arms,with the 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA signals located on different chromosomes. In the wild species S.alatum(var.3651),2 pairs of chromosomes(the 4th and 7th pairs)carried 45S rDNA hybridization signals and 1 pair of chromosome(the 4th pair)carried 5S rDNA specific signals,with the 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA signals located on the same chromosome but at different positions.This indicated that there were significant differences in chromosome characteristics between the cultivated species and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651).The GISH hybridization results showed that when using the genomic DNA of the cultivated species Yuzhi 11 and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651)as probes for self⁃hybridization,each chromosome carried hybridization signals of varying strengths,while hybridization with the other’s chromosomes showed very few hybridization signals.The cultivated species and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651)have the same number of chromosomes,but there are clear differences in the quantity,distribution of rDNA,and GISH signal sites,indicating that the 2n=26 type cultivated species and wild species have distant phylogenetic relationship.

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The Complete Gene Sequencing of Bacilus subtilis Isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa and Study of Genes Related to Growth‑promoting Effects

LA Guixiao, WANG Linlin, GUO Junqi, ZHAO Yulong, GUO Hongxia, JIA Hui, YANG Tiegang

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (12): 75-85. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.008

Abstract （1186）

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To investigate the genes associated with the growth‑promoting effects of Bacillus subtilis in Rehmannia glutinosa，whole genome sequencing was performed in this study and the genes associated with the growth‑promoting effects were discovered through functional annotation.The results showed that the genome size of Bacillus subtilis，an endophytic growth‑promoting bacterium of Rehmannia glutinosa，was 4 310 699 bp，with a GC content of 43.44%，and a total of 4 521 predicted coding genes.A total of 3 013，3 354，4 395，206，52，and 212 functional genes were annotated in the clusters of orthologous groups（COG），gene ontology（GO），kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG），carbohydrate‑active enzymes（CAZyme），comprehensive antibiotic resistance database（CARD），and virulence factor database（VFDB），respectively.The annotation results indicated that there were 46 genes related to growth‑promoting function，with the majority of these genes involved in phosphorus solubilization，nitrogen fixation，and iron carrier processes.In the meantime，anti‑SMASH predicted that a total of 409 genes were enriched into 12 secondary metabolite synthesis gene clusters，with the majority encoding eight repressors，including fengycin，1‑carbapen‑2‑em‑3‑carboxylic acid，bacillaene，bacilysin，subtilosin A，surfactin，pulcherriminic acid，and bacillibactin.Among these，pulcherriminic acid and bacillibactin had been observed to facilitate the chelation of ferric ions in the surrounding environment.

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Screening and Safety Evaluation of Post‑emergence Herbicides for Controlling Broadleaf Weeds in Sesame Fields

SU Wangcang, NIU Yujia, YAN Zhaoling, DU Li, XUE Fei, SUN Lanlan, XU Hongle, WU Renhai, LIU Hongyan

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (11): 101-108. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.11.011

Abstract （922）

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To explore safe and efficient chemical weed control technologies for sesame after emergence，the herbicides that exhibit high safety for sesame and have good control effects on broadleaf weeds were screened through indoor potting experiments and field trials. The results of the indoor trials showed that among the 17 broadleaf herbicides，only isoproturon and bentazone were discovered to be highly safe for sesame.Futher，the safety of isoproturon and bentazone to sesame and their control efficacy against broadleaf weeds were evaluated through field trials. The results showed that the treatment of isoproturon at 420—630 g/ha（active ingredient，the same below）caused phytotoxicity in sesame，such as the emergence of drug spots and growth inhibition，etc. Nevertheless，sesame growth recovered to normal within 30 d after the treatment. Sesame treated with 336—420 g/ha bentazone had significantly higher plant height than the control treatment at 30 d after the treatment，but was significantly lower than the artificial weeding treatment. The total plant control efficacy of isoproturon at 420—630 g/ha against broadleaf weeds such as Acalypha australis L.and Clinopodium polycephalum Vaniot was 84.00%—90.40%，the total fresh weight control efficacy was 87.62%—94.30%，and the sesame seed yield increased by more than 37%.The control efficacy of bentazone at a dosage of 336—504 g/ha against Acalypha australis L.was unsatisfactory，with the total plant control efficiency being lower than 40% and the total fresh weight control efficiency being lower than 57%，and sesame yield was merely increased by 11.53%—14.72%.In conclusion，the application of isoproturon at 420—630 g/ha during the 5—6 leaves stage of sesame is safe and can be used for the control of broadleaf weeds in sesame fields，presenting significant application prospects.

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Breeding of New Wheat Germplasms with Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight by Backcross Transformation Combined with Molecular Marker‑Assisted Selection

LI Zhengling, HAN Liupeng, ZHAO Mingzhong, QI Xueli, ZHANG Yu

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (12): 23-30. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.003

Abstract （758）

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In order to determine the effects of resistance genotypes and backcross times on Fusarium head blight（Fhb）resistance and agronomic traits of progeny materials，the main resistance genes Fhb1，Fhb2 and Fhb7 were pyramided in Zhengmai 1860，which was a widely planted variety in southern Huanghuai，by backcross transformation and molecular marker‑assisted selection.The Fhb resistance and main agronomic traits of different genotypes and backcross generations were analyzed.The results showed that Fhb1，Fhb2 and Fhb7 could increase the Fhb resistance by 38.9%—76.9%，and there was no significant correlation between these three resistance genes and the bad agronomic traits such as high culm，low density spikelet and low thousand‑grain weight. The percentage of scabbed spikelets of BC₁F₂，BC₂F₂，BC₃F₂populations in two years were 37.8%，31.4%，37.8% and 43.4%，45.8% 43.3%，respectively.Fhb resistance did not decrease with the increase of backcross times. With the increase of backcross times，the plant height of the progeny population materials decreased from 84.95 cm to 70.49 cm，the number of fruiting spikelets per panicle increased from 20.48 to 21.24，the panicle length increased from 10.23 cm to 10.49 cm，and the thousand‑grain weight increased from 37.36 g to 44.80 g.The main agronomic traits of the progeny population materials after three backcrosses were similar to those of the resistance gene receptor parent variety.The new germplasms Zhengzi2021CH182‑33 and Zhengzi2021CH182‑41 bred in this study with excellent comprehensive agronomic properties and Fhb resistance can be further used as disease‑resistance parents.

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Stem Lodging Resistance of 145 Maize Inbred Lines

ZHANG Fengqi, ZHANG Jun, MA Zhiyan, WU Xiaopan, ZHOU Qingwei, MU Xinyuan, TANG Baojun, LI Xin, XIA Laikun, DING Yong

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (11): 34-40. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.11.004

Abstract （696）

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The plant height(PH),ear height(EH),stem rind penetrometer resistance(RPR),internode diameter(ID)and internode length(IL)were investigated under multiple environments with 145 maize inbred lines from home and abroad as materials.The excellent inbred lines with strong stem lodging resistance were screened out through correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis,so as to provide excellent germplasm resources for maize lodging resistance breeding.The results indicated that PH,EH,RPR,ID and IL were extremely significantly different among different maize inbred lines.The heritability of PH with 0.99 was the highest,followed by EH and RPR all with 0.97.The correlation analysis results showed that RPR was extremely significantly positively correlated with PH.The principal component analysis results showed that the first three principal components represented 77.02% of the information of the five traits of 145 maize inbred lines,and their contribution rates were 37.08%,21.94% and 18.00%,respectively. Based on the comprehensive evaluation and cluster analysis of lodging resistance of each inbred line,145 inbred lines were divided into 6 groups,13 inbred lines with strong lodging resistance,such as S268,S112,S135,S270,etc,were screened out.

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Application Status and Research Progress of Bioaugmentation Technology in Agricultural Waste Composting Treatment

TIAN Jingjie, CUI Erping, LIU Chuncheng, HU Chao, LI Zhongyang, CUI Bingjian

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (11): 1-16. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.11.001

Abstract （648）

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Composting treatment is one of the crucial approaches to achieve the harmlessness and resource utilization of agricultural wastes.Nevertheless,conventional composting methods suffer from issues such as a prolonged fermentation period,low conversion efficiency,significant nutrient loss，difficult control of secondary pollution,as well as the emission of odors and greenhouse gases.Microorganisms have emerged as effective means to address the aforementioned problems due to their characteristics of promoting decomposition,deodorization,emission reduction,and enhancing fertilizer efficacy.Regarding the bioaugmentation technology for composting using agricultural wastes as raw materials，this paper summarizes the application and research progress of bioaugmentation technology in the composting process of agricultural wastes at home and abroad from aspects such as the types of functional microbial strains and screening,the construction of complex microbial agents,the functions of microorganisms,and the influencing factors and mechanisms of bioaugmentation.Moreover,it explores the existing problems in the composting process of agricultural wastes and proposes the development trends and countermeasure suggestions for the resource treatment and utilization of agricultural wastes.

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Study on the Diversity and Vertical Distribution of True Bugs in Taihang Mountains，Shanxi Province

CHEN Jing, ZHANG Zhenhua, WEI Jiufeng, ZHAO Qing, ZHANG Hufang

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (12): 110-118. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.011

Abstract （558）

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In order to clarify the species diversity and distribution characteristics of true bugs in Taihang Mountains，Shanxi Province，a survey of true bugs diversity was conducted from June to September in 2022 and 2023，and vertical distribution at five different altitudes was analyzed in this area.The results of biodiversity analysis showed that a total of 6 103 true bugs were collected from June to September in 2022 and 2023，belonging to 25 families，41 subfamilies，110 genera，a total of 189 species.The dominant groups under different altitude gradients were different.The dominant group in altitude Ⅱ（770—1 140 m），altitude Ⅲ（1 140—1 510 m），and altitude Ⅴ（1 880—2 250 m）was Miridae. The dominant group at altitude Ⅰ（400—770 m）was Pentatomidae，and the dominant group at altitude Ⅳ（1 510—1 880 m）was Plataspidae.The altitude had significant effects on the individual number，species number，Shannon‑Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index，but had no significant effects on Margalef richness index and Simpson dominance index.The species composition of true bugs community at different altitudes was less similar，and the species similarity coefficient was ranging from 0.040 8 to 0.147 5，the true bug community at altitude Ⅱ and altitude Ⅲ was more similar.The environmental factor that had the greatest influence on the species number of true bugs in Taihang Mountains of Shanxi Province was the precipitation in the hottest quarter of the collection site（BIO18），and the correlation coefficient was 0.238（P<0.05）.The environmental factor that had the greatest influence on the individual number of true bugs in Taihang Mountains of Shanxi Province was the annual precipitation（BIO12），and the correlation coefficient was 0.263（P<0.05）.In summary，the ecological environment of Taihang Mountains in Shanxi Province is diverse，and the resources of true bugs species are abundant.In this area，the species richness of true bugs in low and high altitudes is relatively smaller，while the species in middle altitudes are abundant，and the vertical distribution pattern is single‑peak pattern.

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Research Progress on the Impact of Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Respiration

ZHU Leyang, ZHANG Xizhe, TAO Jiang, WANG Xiu, HAN Yanying, YE Yanhui

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (10): 1-11. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.001

Abstract （490）

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Nitrogen deposition，as a critical ecological factor in the soil ecosystem，significantly affects the structure and function of ecosystems.To systematically elucidate the impact of nitrogen deposition on soil respiration，the effects of nitrogen deposition on soil root respiration，soil microorganism respiration，soil animal respiration and chemical oxidation of soil carbon⁃containing minerals were reviewed，and the specific effects of different nitrogen deposition gradients on soil respiration were analyzed.In order to provide a theoretical reference for subsequent in⁃depth monitoring and research of soil respiration and related life activities，the future research directions in the field of soil respiration were prospected.

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Combination of Bacillus velezensis EA19 and Carbendazim to Control Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat

WANG Wenxiao, LIU Meiling, QUE Yawei, ZHENG Lei, ZHANG Qiang, YU Dazhao, YANG Lijun, GONG Shuangjun, ZENG Fansong, LI Li

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (10): 117-126. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.013

Abstract （391）

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In order to determine the controlling efficacy of Bacillus velezensis EA19 combined with chemical agents on Fusarium head blight（FHB），the optimal combination ratio was determined by the mycelium growth rate method，plate colony counting method and Horsfall method，and then verified by detached wheat spikes inoculation tests and field trials.The results showed that the inhibition rates of spray powder and freeze⁃dried powder of EA19 fermentation broth on the mycelial growth of Fusarium graminearum and F.asiaticum at different concentration were 22.53%—93.96%,and the EC₅₀ values were in the range of 5. 794 4—10. 916 4 cfu/mL.The strain EA19 had good biocompatibility with 25—100 μg/mL carbendazim，but not with 25—100 μg/mL prochloraz and tebuconazole.When carbendazim was combined with spray powder or freeze⁃dried powder of EA19 at the volume ratio of 6∶4,7∶3 and 8∶2,the co⁃toxicity to F.graminearum and F.asiaticum was the highest,and the greatest toxicity ratio was 1.15—1.36 in these ratios.The control efficacy on FHB of detached wheat spikes by the combination of carbendazim and two types of EA19 powder with a concentration of EC₅₀ in different volume ratios was 47.91%—73.50%.In field trials,when treated with the combination of EA19 freeze⁃dried powder with 30% reduced carbendazim，the control efficacy(53.76%),deoxynivalenol toxin content in wheat grains(0.50 mg/kg),and theoretical wheat yield(5 994.35 kg/ha)were not significantly different from those treated with full dosage of carbendazim.In conclusion,B.velezensis EA19 and carbendazim have synergistic effect in the control of FHB，and their combination can reduce the dosage of carbendazim.

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Research Progress of Intercropping Promoting Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization

WU Xin, BI Jiayu, GE Yingtong, HE Yangfa, WANG Yuyun

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (12): 1-9. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.001

Abstract （383）

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The application of phosphate fertilizer and mineral weathering are the main sources of soil phosphorus，but the low utilization rate of phosphorus and the limited ability of crops to absorb and utilize phosphorus lead to the accumulation of soil phosphorus，which limits the growth of crops.Intercropping system can improve soil phosphorus availability.The effects of intercropping on phosphorus utilization rate were summarized.The mechanism of intercropping to improve soil phosphorus availability was reviewed from three aspects：soil microorganisms，crop roots，and changes in endogenous hormones.It is suggested that in the future，we should focus on the in‑situ characterization of plant root morphology，auxin‑related gene expression，soil microorganisms and related functional genes，in order to provide reference for improving phosphorus utilization rate through intercropping.

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Research Progress in Genome and Diagnostic Methods of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

ZHANG Yuyang

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (10): 12-20. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.002

Abstract （360）

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Porcine epidemic diarrhea(PED)caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)is an acute,highly contagious,enteric disease of pigs with high morbidity and mortality,thereby bringing huge economic losses to the pig industry all over the world.A better understanding of PEDV’s genome and function is key to developing an effective and safe vaccine. By understanding PEDV’s genomic structure,the proteins it encodes,and its interactions with host cells,researchers can design more targeted vaccine candidates.Advances in PED diagnostic technology are essential for early diagnosis and monitoring and evaluation of post⁃immune response.In this review,we summarized the latest progress of PEDV genome structure and function including S,E,M,N,accessory proteins and non⁃structural proteins,serology and molecular diagnostic methods,such as enzyme⁃linked immunosorbent assay,polymerase chain reaction,ring⁃mediated isothermal amplification,viral neutralization and indirect immunofluorescence assays,immunochromatographic tests,fluorescent microsphere immunoassays,sequence assays and clustered regularly inter spaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)⁃Cas,in order to provide ideas for establishing rapid and effective PEDV detection methods,and provide reference for effective prevention and control of PED in practice.

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Creation and Phenotypic Analysis of TaGW2‑A1‑Overexpression Transgenic Wheat Germplasm

ZHANG Haoran, LIU Xiaoying, ZHOU Fenglong, XU Mingchen, GUO Zhengzheng, CHENG Jiayu, ZHANG Kunpu, WANG Daowen, SHI Cuilan

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2025, 54 (1): 1-8. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.001

Abstract （348）

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The expression vector of TaGW2‑A1 was constructed，and transformed into wheat；T₂ homozygous transgenic lines were identified and screened；the expression of TaGW2‑A1 gene of the homozygous transgenic line was analyzed by real‑time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot；subcellular localization analysis was performed by tobacco transient expression and cell component separation；the agronomic traits and quality traits of homozygous lines were analyzed，so as to lay foundation for further analysis of TaGW2 regulatory network，and provide gene resource for breeding new wheat varieties with high yield and quality.The results showed that the expression vector of TaGW2‑A1 gene was successfully constructed，positive transgenic plants were obtained，and homozygous transgenic lines were screened in T₂ generation.The transcription level of TaGW2‑A1 was significantly higher in leaves and grains of homozygous transgenic lines，but TaGW2‑A1 protein was detected only in grains.Subcellular localization results showed that TaGW2‑A1 protein mainly functioned in cytoplasm and nucleus. Phenotypic analysis results showed that TaGW2-A1 overexpression significantly reduced plant height，grain length，grain width，1 000‑grain weight and yield per plant，but had no significant effect on grain number per spike and grain protein content.

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Cytology Research of Spontaneous Doubling of Maize Haploid

ZHANG Lihua, LIU Xiaoman, MA Miaomiao, LI Xingxing, ZHANG Qifan, ZHENG Binrui, LIU Zonghua, SONG Yunyun, LI Haochuan

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (10): 21-27. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.003

Abstract （345）

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The diploid RL36 with high spontaneous doubling ability and its haploid H⁃RL36 and the haploid H⁃L119A with low spontaneous doubling ability were used as materials,the pollen viability and anther morphology were observed,the cell ploidy of vegetative and reproductive organs at different development stages were detected,and simultaneously the chromosome behavior during meiosis process was observed,so as to explore the causes of spontaneous doubling of haploid to produce fertile gametes,analyze the underlying cytology mechanisms,and provide theoretical support for biological research related to spontaneous doubling of haploid.The results showed that the high spontaneous doubling haploid H⁃RL36 had round，full and fertile pollen grains and normal anther tissue,while the low spontaneous doubling haploid H⁃L119A had sterile pollens with irregular morphology and wrinkled anther tissue.The ploidy detection results showed that the chromosome number in the leaves of the two haploid materials did not double at different growth stages,and there were diploid cells and a few tetraploid cells in the tassel of H⁃RL36 at trumpet stage,while the H⁃L119A cells did not show diploidization.4,6⁃diamidino⁃2⁃phenylindole(DAPI)staining was used to observe the chromosome segregation behavior of pollen mother cells,it was found that the chromosomes of most cells in H⁃RL36 showed segregation distortion and moved to one pole at anaphase of first meiosis,and then underwent normal second meiosis to produce gametes with normal chromosome number,thus producing fertile pollens.In contrast,the chromosome of H⁃L119A cells eventually degenerated,leading to sterile gametes with abnormal chromosome number.The segregation distortion of chromosomes during meiosis can lead to spontaneous doubling of haploids,and the doubling of haploid germ cells and somatic cells is two independent processes.

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Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharides with Different Molecular Weight on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Maize Seedlings under Drought Stress

ZHANG Le, ZHANG Fuguo, JIN Yazhong, ZHANG Yitao, ZHANG Youli

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (12): 10-22. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.002

Abstract （320）

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Under drought stress，50 mg/L chitosan oligosaccharides with different molecular weight （1 197，1 428，1 990 u）were sprayed to explore the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide with different molecular weight on the growth and physiological characteristics of maize seedlings，so as to provide a theoretical basis for the application of chitosan oligosaccharide with different molecular weight in production under drought stress.The results showed that under normal water condition，spraying chitosan oligosaccharide could promote the growth of maize seedlings. Under drought stress condition，spraying chitosan oligosaccharide could alleviate the impact of drought stress on the growth of maize seedlings.Among them，the plant height of treatments with chitosan oligosaccharides with small，medium and large molecular weight increased by 8.55%，9.37% and 5.80%，the stem diameter increased by 10.99%，5.23% and 1.31%，the dry weight of the aboveground part increased by 28.27%，38.82% and 19.83%，the dry weight of the underground part increased by 44.44%，39.58% and 29.17%，the leaf area increased by 43.45%，65.79% and 24.51%，the number of root branches increased by 114.57%，104.84% and 102.33%，the chlorophyll content increased by 43.07%，49.42% and 36.49%，the net photosynthetic rate（Pn）increased by 12.70%，22.49% and 6.80%，the content of superoxide anion decreased by 25.88%，35.74% and 21.83%，the activity of ascorbate peroxidase（APX）increased by 18.77%，29.92% and 11.43%，and the activity of glutathion peroxidase（GPX）increased by 23.30%，11.17% and 16.51%，respectively.Overall，under drought stress condition，spraying chitosan oligosaccharide with small molecular weight had the best effect on promoting the growth of the underground part，while spraying chitosan oligosaccharide with medium molecular weight had the best effect on promoting the growth of the aboveground part.The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the treatment with chitosan oligosaccharide with low molecular weight had the highest comprehensive score，followed by the treatment with chitosan oligosaccharide with medium molecular weight.

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Identification and Expression Analysis of Auxin Response Factor（ARF）Gene Family in Tree Peony

ZHAO Yinge, YUAN Xin, GAO Jie, WANG Huijuan, LI Yanmin, WANG Xiaohui, SHI Man, FENG Naixi, FU Zhenzhu, JIA Wenqing

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (11): 117-126. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.11.013

Abstract （307）

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To study the auxin response factor（ARF）gene family in tree peony，the gene family was identified and bioinformatics analysis was conducted.The results showed that a total of 19 ARF genes were identified in P.sufruticosa‘Shima Nishiki’，P.ostii and P.sufruticosa‘Luoshen Xiaochun’，and the ARF gene family members of tree peony were divided into four subfamilies based on the evolutionary classification of Arabidopsis thaliana ARF gene family，and according to the phylogenetic tree，there was a close evolutionary relationship between peony and Arabidopsis thaliana ARF homologous genes.There were differences in the length and isoelectric point of ARF proteins among different tree peony cultivars.All PsARFs contained conserved B3 and Auxin_resp domains，and most PsARFs also contained Aux/IAA domains.Conserved motif analysis showed that the number of Motif was 4—12，and gene structure analysis showed that the number of introns in the ARF gene of peony was 1—19，and there were some differences in the number of Motif and introns among different subfamilies.Tissue expression characteristics analysis showed that all PsARF genes were expressed in roots，stems and leaves of peony tissue culture seedlings，except that PsARF2b was not expressed in various tissues，but the expression levels in different tissues were very different.The expression levels of PsARF7，PsARF19，PsARF8a，PsARF8b，PsARF6，PsARF11a，PsARF11b，PsARF9，PsARF16b，PsARF17，PsARFx were the highest in roots，PsARF5，PsARF3 and PsARF4 were the highest in stems，and PsARF2a，PsARF1，PsARF16a and PsARF10 were the highest in leaves.

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Predation Ability and Preference of Arma chinensis against Helicoverpa armigera Larvae

CHEN Junhua, LI Feifan, DU Yueqing, XIE Jiaxin, ZHANG Qiaoqiao, WANG Chenxu, GUO Shibao

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2025, 54 (1): 109-118. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.011

Abstract （291）

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To explore the biological control potential of Arma chinensis on Helicoverpa armigera larvae，we measured the predatory functional responses and search effects of 3rd—4th instar A.chinensis nymphs and female adults on 2nd—4th instar H.armigera larvae under controlled indoor conditions.We also investigated the intraspecific interference effects of 5th instar A.chinensis nymphs，as well as male and female adults，on predation of 2nd instar H.armigera，along with the predation preferences of female A.chinensis adults for 3rd instar H.armigera larvae versus Tenebrio molitor pupae. The results indicated that both nymphs of the 3rd and 4th instars and female adults were capable of preying on 2nd—4th instar H.armigera，with their predatory response conforming to Holling’s type Ⅱ model.The control efficiency across different developmental stages of A.chinensis was ranked as follows：female adults>4th instar nymphs>3rd instar nymphs.Notably，the amount preyed upon by individuals of the same age decreased as prey age increased，with maximum daily predation rates recorded at 36.778 for female adults，28.351 for 4th instar nymphs，and 26.938 for 3rd instar nymphs targeting 2nd instar H.armigera，which demonstrated that female adults exhibited the highest predation capacity against these larvae.Furthermore，our findings revealed that search efficiency improved as prey density decreased，while intraspecific interference among A.chinensis was influenced by their own density in the following order：5th instar nymphs>male adults>female adults. Regarding predation preference，when both T.molitor pupae and 3rd instar H.armigera larvae were present，A.chinensis showed a stronger inclination to prey on the pupae.These insights provide a valuable foundation for future research into indoor propagation strategies for enhancing the biological control capabilities of A.chinensis.

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Detoxication Effects of Eight Kinds of Alleviators on Phytotoxicity of Nicosulfuron to Tobacco

YANG Nan, WANG Mingxin, JIANG Shengfei, LI Junying, FAN Liangxin, CHANG Dong, YIN Guangyu, XU Cuilian

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (12): 99-109. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.010

Abstract （290）

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To address the phytotoxicity of residual nicosulfuron in maize field to following tobacco crop，the detoxification effects of commercially available safeners such as naphtha anhydride，cyclopropane sulfonamide，benoxacor，dichlormid，and plant growth regulators such as gibberellin，brassinolide，DA‑6，and Leu‑Ile‑Val mixture on phytotoxicity of nicosulfuron to tobacco were studied by indor pot experiment，field experiment，and biochemical analysis. The results showed that different amount of nicosulfuron demonstrated great inhibitory effect on the growth of tobacco，and the inhibitory effect increased with the increasing of nicosulfuron.The detoxication was the best when the concentrations of cyclopropane sulfonamide，dichlormid，gibberellin，brassinolide，and Leu‑Ile‑Val mixture were 10，20，40，0.1，30 mg/L，while the detoxication of other three alleviators was not significant.The results of field tests indicated that the detoxication of cyclopropane sulfonamide and dichlormid was better than other three chemicals，and dichlormid showed the best performance.After adding dichlormid for 63 days，the leaf length，leaf width，plant height，leaf number，and stem girth of tobacco was increased by 26.4%，21.6%，13.2%，75.2% and 14.3% compared to the control group.Compared with the control treatment with nicosulfuron，the treatment with cyclopropane sulfonamide and dichlormid by root irrigation showed 51.91%－61.81% and 60.29%－91.95% increase for superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity，catalase（CAT）activity，nitrate reductase（NR）activity and glutathione S‑transferase（GST）activity，respectively.Of note，the dichlormid treatment was better than cyclopropane sulfonamide. In summary，when nicosulfuron was used as herbicide in the previous maize field，the nicosulfuron‑caused phytotoxicity to tobacco can be effectively alleviated by cyclopropane sulfonamide and dichlormid，and 20 mg/L（50 mL/plant）of dichlormid should be used preferentially.

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Research Progress on Application in Livestock，Poultry and Aquaculture Production of Bacillus subtilis and Its Effect on Intestinal Health of Animals

FENG Lili

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2025, 54 (5): 1-9. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.001

Abstract （286）

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Bacillus subtilis can form spores，has strong resistance and good stability，and has several advantages compared with conventional probiotics.Bacillus subtilis can be used as a microecological agent in livestock，poultry and aquaculture production，and has positive impact on animal production performance via improvement of digestion and absorption.Bacillus subtilis can improve meat quality，enhance immunity and regulate intestinal health.The biological characteristics of Bacillus subtilis，the application in livestock，poultry and aquaculture production and the impact on intestinal health were reviewed in this paper，so as to provide reference for further development and utilization of Bacillus subtilis microecologics for feeding.

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Nutritional Quality of Foxtail Millet Based on Principal Component Analysis and Membership Function Method

ZHANG Aiqin, GUO Bin, LIU Lilong, LI Xuhua, WANG Qing, XU Rui, ZHANG Huan

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2025, 54 (1): 28-39. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.004

Abstract （278）

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In order to explore the characteristics of nutritional content of different foxtail millet varieties from Longzhong area in Gansu Province，establish a standard evaluation system of nutritional quality and screen the foxtail millet varieties with excellent nutritional quality，10 foxtail millet varieties from Longzhong area(Huining County，Baiyin City)in Gansu Province were used as materials，19 nutritional quality indexes including basic nutrients(moisture，ash，carbohydrate，protein，crude fat，starch，amylose，amylopectin contents and amylose/amylopectin)，functional nutrients(flavone，total phenol，crude polysaccharide contents)and mineral elements(Zn，Mn，Cu，Fe，Ca，Mg，Se contents)were measured，and principal component analysis and membership function methods were used to evaluate the nutritional quality of foxtail millet. The results showed that there was significant difference in the contents of 18 nutritional components excluding moisture content from 10 foxtail millet varieties，with variation coefficients ranging from 1.58% to 103.46%，which indicated that there was great difference in the individual nutritional quality index among different foxtail millet varieties. Protein，amylose，polysaccharide，Mg，Se and Zn contents were determined as core indexes for the evaluation of nutritional quality of foxtail millet by principal component analysis，correlation analysis and cluster analysis. The nutritional quality evaluation model was established by principal component analysis，and the top three foxtail millet varieties were M‑8(Longgu 23)，M‑10(Longgu 029)and M‑9(Longgu 032)based on the comprehensive score of nutritional quality，consistent with the results of the membership function evaluation，which indicated that these three varieties had better nutritional quality.Ten foxtail millet varieties could be divided into three categories by cluster analysis，and class Ⅱ included M‑8 and M‑9，whose comprehensive nutritional quality performed better.

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Analysis of Utilization Potential of Major Crop Straws and Livestock Manure in Jiangxi Province

CHE Qifeng, CHEN Xingyue, HU Tingting, ZHANG Jie, ZHANG Jing, HUANG Wenjie, TU Qihong

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (12): 86-98. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.009

Abstract （278）

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This paper analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of major crop straws and livestock manure in Jiangxi Province and their resource utilization potential，in order to promote the effective use of agricultural waste. Based on the spatial statistical analysis method of GIS，this study estimated the amount of major crop straws and livestock manure generated and their theoretical values of resource utilization in each county（city，district）of Jiangxi Province in 2021，and analyzed their spatial distribution patterns and cold hotspot areas.The results showed that in 2021，the total amount of major crop straw which could be collected in Jiangxi Province was 23.868 2 million tons，and the straw type was mainly rice straw.It generally showed the characteristics of rich in the north and poor in the south，mainly concentrated in the northern part of Poyang Lake Plain，and its theoretical value was equivalent to 11.337 4 million tons of organic carbon，227 000 tons of N，31 600 tons of P，420 800 tons of K，6.613 6 million tons of standard coal or 3.05×10⁹ m³methane gas.The annual production of livestock manure was 70.652 3 million tons，of which poultry manure produced the most，accounting for 40.27% of the total amount of livestock manure.It generally presented a north‑south poor，central rich characteristics，theoretically equivalent to 9.746 3 million tons of organic carbon，487 000 tons of N，175 300 tons of P，315 900 tons of K，11.581 million tons of standard coal，or 8.26×10⁹ m³ methane gas.There were 14 hotspots for crop straw，11 hotspots for livestock manure，and 5 double hotspots for straw‑livestock manure at 99% confidence level.Crop straw hotspots should realistically choose direct return to the field，basal material utilization，fertilizer utilization，energy utilization，feed utilization，raw material utilization，mushroom farming and other suitable utilization direction，livestock manure hotspots should comprehensively consider the development of biogas or way of on‑site return to the field recycling，straw‑livestock manure double hotspots should consider the multi‑level，diversified utilization pattern，giving priority to the integration of agriculture and animal husbandry，and the development of eco‑agriculture.

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Study on Genetic Diversity and DNA Fingerprint Map of Pumpkin Based on ISSR Markers

WANG Jialong, MA Kun, ZHOU Jing, ZHU Jinfang, GAO Peng, HUANG Fengjiao

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (12): 119-130. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.012

Abstract （268）

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In order to provide theoretical basis for pumpkin variety identification，germplasm conservation and innovation，31 pumpkin germplasm resources were used as materials，and 7 inter‑simple sequence repeat（ISSR）primers with rich polymorphic information were selected to analyze the genetic diversity of the materials and establish DNA fingerprint map.The results showed that a total of 73 bands were amplified by 7 ISSR primers，including 72 polymorphic bands（polymorphic band rate：98.63%）.The average number of observed alleles，the average number of effective alleles，the average Nei’s gene diversity index，and the average Shannon’s diversity information index were 1.986 3，1.570 4，0.329 9and 0.494 4，respectively.The interspecific genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.12 to 0.89，with an average value of 0.46.Unweighted pair‑group method with arithmetic means（UPGMA）clustering analysis showed that 31 pumpkin materials were classified into Cucurbita moschata D.，Cucurbita pepo L.and Cucurbita maxima D.at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0. 46.Furthermore，the DNA fingerprint map for 31 pumpkin materials was constructed using the 14 polymorphic sites amplified by primer UBC811 and primer UBC843.All varieties in the DNA fingerprint map were unique，which could be used for molecular identification of varieties.In conclusion，the genetic diversity of 31 pumpkin materials was rich，Cucurbita moschata D.was closer to Cucurbita pepo L.，and the two were more distantly related to Cucurbita maxima D.，which could provide scientific basis for the conservation of pumpkin germplasm resources and variety innovation.The DNA fingerprint map of pumpkin based on the ISSR molecular marker technology could provide a new way for the identification of pumpkin varieties.

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Inversion of Soil Organic Carbon Content in the Central Yunnan Plateau Based on Sentinel⁃2A Images and XGBoost Model

YAN Zhengfei, YANG Minglong, TANG Xiujuan, XIA Yonghua, YANG Zhen, LI Wantao

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2025, 54 (2): 145-153. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.017

Abstract （267）

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Soil organic carbon（SOC）plays a crucial role in maintaining soil fertility，promoting plant growth，and supporting sustainable agricultural development. Therefore，efficient and accurate acquisition of SOC content is of great significance. This study utilized Sentinel⁃2A multispectral remote sensing imagery combined with measured SOC content，Sentinel⁃1 backscattering coefficients，vegetation indices and topographic factors（elevation，slope，aspect）to investigate the inversion of SOC content in the Yao’an irrigation district using Random forest（RF），Deep forest（DF），and XGBoost models.The results indicated that，from the perspective of different combinations of auxiliary variables，incorporating various factors（vegetation indices，topographic factors，backscattering coefficients，etc.）significantly improved the prediction accuracy of SOC content.Specifically，the inclusion of topographic factors increased the R² values of the RF，DF and XGBoost models by 0.052 3，0.039 8，0.068 9，respectively.Analysis of the prediction results from different models showed that both XGBoost and DF models could effectively predict SOC content in cultivated land. Among them，the XGBoost model combined with the M3 variable set（including 12 bands of Sentinel⁃2A spectral image，vegetation indices，Sentinel⁃1 backscattering coefficients，and topographic factors） achieved the highest prediction accuracy（R²=0.810 6，RMSE=1.813 2），followed by the DF model（R²=0.751 2，RMSE=1.925 5），while the RF model exhibited relatively lower predictive performance（R²=0.624 5，RMSE=2.503 1）

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Effects of Rice⁃Turtle⁃Trionyx⁃Fish Comprehensive Planting and Breeding Model on Diseases，Insect Pests，Weeds，Rice Yield and Quality

ZHANG Qin, CHEN Can, HUANG Huang, XU Meng, SHEN Le, ZHANG Yin

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (10): 37-47. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.005

Abstract （265）

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Four treatments were set up,which were rice⁃turtle⁃Trionyx⁃fish comprehensive planting and breeding(DGBY),rice⁃turtle⁃fish comprehensive planting and breeding(DGY),rice monoculture(DCK)and rice ecological blank planting(DCK0).The effects of different comprehensive planting and breeding modes on the control of diseases,pests and weeds in paddy fields and rice yield and quality were studied,so as to promote the quality and efficiency of rice⁃fish comprehensive planting and breeding productivity.The results showed that compared with DCK0 treatment,DGBY and DGY treatments had control effects on rice sheath blight,rice blast and rice false smut.Among them,the control effect on rice sheath blight was the best,but the control effect was significantly lower than that of DCK treatment,which was 15.36% and 13.19%respectively.The control effects of DGBY and DGY treatments on the 5th generation of rice planthopper were better，and the number of insects decreased by 56.79% and 48.85% compared with DCK0 treatment，and decreased by 32.29% and 16.95% compared with DCKtreatment,respectively;Followed by the 3rd generation of Chilo suppressalis,the number of insects decreased by 39.29% and 33.93% compared with DCK0 treatment,and decreased by 15.00% and 7.50% compared with DCK treatment,respectively.At fifty days after the animals were stocked,the control effects of DGBY treatment on weed density and dry weight were 38.38% and 40.15%,respectively,and those of DGY treatment were 32.99% and 35.39%,respectively,which were not significantly different from those of DCK treatment.Except that the actual rice yield of DCK treatment was significantly higher than that of DCK0 treatment,there was no significant difference among other treatments.The milled rice rate of DGBY and DGY treatments were extremely significantly higher than that of DCK0 treatment,and the chalky grain rate and chalkiness were lower than those of DCK treatment,so DGBY and DGY treatments had the effect of improving rice quality.In summary，the rice⁃turtle⁃Trionyx⁃fish and rice⁃turtle⁃fish comprehensive planting and breeding models can reduce the harm of diseases,insects pests and weeds to a certain extent,achieve stable yield and improved quality,and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

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Cloning and Function Analysis of Rice Sucrose Transporter OsSUT4 Gene

CAI Yumeng, WANG Ying, HE Fei, LIU Yanqing, LIU Jingyan, GUO Yanli, SUN Yue, SU Jingping, WANG Shengjun, LI Junling

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2025, 54 (3): 1-7. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.001

Abstract （258）

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The rice sucrose transporter gene OsSUT4 was cloned，and sucrose transport capability of OsSUT4 was verified by yeast heterologous expression system.The gene was overexpressed in rice，the phenotype of transgenic plants was observed，and the salt tolerance and drought resistance was identified，so as to explore the role of the OsSUT4 gene in stress resistance in rice and provide new gene resources and theoretical foundations for rice genetic improvement. The results showed that OsSUT4 gene was primarily expressed in the flag leaves at jointing stage；The sucrose transport capability of OsSUT4 was confirmed for the first time using the yeast heterologous expression system；Overexpression of OsSUT4 gene did not significantly alter the grain morphology or the thousand⁃grain weight，but significantly increased plant height and survival rates under salt and drought stresses，thereby enhancing the salt tolerance and drought resistance of rice.

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Effect of Drought Stress on Photosynthetic and Physiological Characteristics of Flag Leaves of Different Wheat Varieties at Filling Stage

PENG Chaojun, HUA Xia, WANG Songfeng, GAO Chong, DONG Haibin, HU Lin

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2025, 54 (2): 40-47. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.005

Abstract （257）

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The drought⁃resistant wheat variety Zhengmai 1860，its parents，and Zhoumai 18（control）were used as materials.The gas exchange parameters，chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics，antioxidant enzyme activities，osmotic adjustment substances contents in flag leaves，and water use efficiency of different wheat varieties were studied under drought treatment（irrigation only at the jointing stage during the entire growth period），so as to provide valuable insights for optimizing water⁃efficient wheat cultivation，developing drought⁃resistant cultivars，and advancing water⁃saving breeding programs.The results showed that，under drought stress，the net photosynthetic rate（Pn），stomatal conductance（Gs），transpiration rate（Tr）and maximum photomassive efficiency（Fv/Fm），potential photochemical activity（Fv/Fo），actual photomassive efficiency（ФPSⅡ），and electron transfer rate（ETR）of PSⅡ of the flag leaf of Zhengmai 1860 were significantly higher than those of Zhoumai 18，and the intercellular CO₂ concentration（Ci） was significantly lower than that of Zhoumai 18，followed by Zhoumai 22；The activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD）and catalase（CAT），and the contents of soluble protein，soluble sugar and proline in the flag leaf of Zhengmai 1860 were significantly higher than those of Zhoumai 18，and the content of malondialdehyde（MDA）was significantly lower than that of Zhoumai 18，followed by Zhoumai 22；The yield and water use efficiency of Zhengmai 1860 were significantly higher than those of Zhoumai 18，which was mainly due to the significant improvement of the thousand⁃grain weight and the number of grains per spike，and followed by Zhoumai 22.In conclusion，Zhengmai 1860 enhances antioxidant enzyme activity，and osmotic adjustment capacity under drought stress at filling stage，protects the photosynthetic electron transport process of PSⅡ，alleviates the degree of nonstomatal restriction and membrane lipid peroxidation，and maintains higher Pn at filling stage，thus obtaining higher yield.

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Research Progress of Swine Body Mass Estimation Based on Machine Vision

WANG Xingjia, WEI Qinggang, MU Yuanjie, SHENG Qingkai, YANG Liang, AN Jing, ZHANG Xia, ZHENG Jiye

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (11): 17-26. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.11.002

Abstract （257）

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In swine breeding,body mass is one of the most important index parameters,so it is of great significance to obtain timely and accurately body mass information of swines. With the rapid development of machine vision technology,the non‑contact body mass estimation of live swines has been widely concerned.At present,non‑contact body mass estimation has achieved some research results,but because of the complexity of the real breeding environment,the real‑time estimation of swine body mass in the farm still faces various challenges.This paper reviews the research progress and application of machine vision technology in swine body mass estimation in the past 20 years at home and abroad,and analyzes the existing problems and future research priorities,aiming to provide references for the intelligent transformation and upgrading of modern animal husbandry in China.

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Identification of Rice B12D Gene Family and Expression Analysis under Submergence Stress

ZHANG Zhaoran, ZHU Boyi, GAO Song, LI Zhaowei

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (12): 31-42. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.004

Abstract （257）

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In order to better understand the function of rice B12D gene，the genome‑wide identification and bioinformatics analysis of rice B12D gene family members were done，and the expression difference of B12D gene in rice（Nipponbare）and upland rice（Kunhan 1）under submergence stress was analyzed by real‑time fluorescence quantitative PCR（qRT‑PCR）.Finally，the possible interaction proteins of B12D were found by Alphafold analysis. The results showed that there were six B12D genes in rice genome，which were distributed on three chromosomes.The number of amino acids of B12D protein ranged from 89 aa to 98 aa，and the isoelectric point ranged from 9.65 to 10.34，which was alkaline.Except that OsB12D3 was located in the cell membrane，the other five B12D proteins were located in mitochondria.The B12D gene family had only one pairs of collinearity genes between Arabidopsis thaliana and rice，and three pairs of collinearity genes between rice and maize.In addition，OsB12D1 gene and OsB12D2 genes had a collinearity relationship with OsB12D3 gene.The protein sequence of rice B12D family had high homology and strong conservation.The promoter of rice B12D gene family contained a large number of light response elements，hormone response elements，stress response elements and development related elements.The expression levels of six B12D genes were different in different tissues，OsB12D1 and OsB12D2 genes were mainly expressed in roots；OsB12D3 gene was mainly expressed in ovary，embryo and endosperm；OsB12D4 gene was highly expressed in most tissues；OsB12D5 and OsB12D6 genes were significantly expressed in stamens，the expression level of OsB12D5 gene was lower，the expression level of OsB12D6 gene was higher，and there were different expression levels in other tissues for OsB12D6 gene.The expression levels of OsB12D1 and OsB12D2 genes in Nipponbare were significantly higher than that in Kunhan 1，the increase of OsB12D1and OsB12D2 gene expression levels after submergence stress was higher than that in Kunhan 1，and the decrease of ATP content was lower than that in Kunhan 1.Rice B12D interacted with heme C and cytochrome C1.In summary，the rice B12D gene family may play an important role in rice growth and development，response to submergence stress and so on.

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Preparation and Identification of Monoclonal Antibody against gE Protein of Porcine Pseudorabies Virus

WANG Ruining, WANG Xun, LI Ge, LI Qingmei, LI Cunfa, YANG Suzhen, GUO Junqing

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (12): 167-173. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.017

Abstract （257）

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In order to develop an immunodiagnostic reagent for porcine pseudorabies virus（PRV），BALB/c mice were immunized with the recombinant gE protein expressed in HEK293F cells.The spleen cells of immunized mice and SP2/0 myeloma cells were fused to generate hybridoma cells.Indirect ELISA and immunoperoxidase monolayer assay（IPMA）were used to screen positive hybridoma cells so as to prepare and identify monoclonal antibodies against the gE protein of PRV.The outcomes demonstrated that two hybridoma cell strains，named 2B5 and 8F7，respectively，which steadily secreted monoclonal antibody against the gE protein were developed.The ELISA titers of ascites were all 1∶1 000 000.IgG1 was the heavy chain and Kappa was the light chain，according to the monoclonal antibody isotype assay.The specificity assay revealed that the two monoclonal antibodies only reacted with PRV and not with other viruses. SDS‑PAGE results showed that the purified monoclonal antibodies had high‑purity specific bands at about 50 ku and 25 ku.The two monoclonal antibody strains could react specifically with 293T cells transfected with gE plasmid according to indirect immunofluorescence assay（IFA）detection.Western blot showed that the specific protein band appearing in the culture supernatant of two hybridoma cells was about 120 ku，indicating that the two monoclonal antibodies could specifically recognize PRV. To summarize，this study successfully prepared two strains of monoclonal antibodies against gE protein，exhibiting excellent specificity and high titer，which provided crucial biological materials required for the subsequent development of diagnostic kits.

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Effects of Different Irrigation and Fertilization Rates on the Growth，Yield and Quality of Fennel

QI Tiancheng, LI Yinghai, LI Yangyang

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2025, 54 (1): 66-75. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.007

Abstract （250）

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In order to explore the effects of different irrigation and fertilization rates on the growth and development，yield composition and quality of fennel，three irrigation quotas（1 800，3 000，4 200 m³/ha），three irrigation times（2，3，4 times）and three fertilization levels（270，450，630 kg/ha）were set.Orthogonal experiment was used to design 9 treatments to determine the growth，production and commodity indexes of fennel. The influences of the three factors on fennel growth，yield and quality were studied by range and variance analysis.The principal component analysis was used to select representative principal components and the membership function method was used to comprehensively evaluate the 9 treatments.The results showed that there were significant differences in the growth characters，yield composition and quality of fennel under different treatments.The influencing order of the three factors was irrigation quota>irrigation times>fertilization amount.There was a certain correlation between different indexes，and the correlation coefficient between the number of flowers and the yield per plant was 0.99. The top three treatments from high to low according to the comprehensive evaluation values were treatment 9（4 200 m³/ha，4 times，450 kg/ha），treatment 3（1 800m³/ha，4 times，630 kg/ha）and treatment 6（3 000 m³/ha，4 times，270 kg/ha）. The yield of treatment 9 was 3 728.25 kg/ha，53.98% significantly higher than that of treatment 1（1 800 m³/ha，2 times，270 kg/ha），and the comprehensive evaluation value reached 0.837.The content of essential oil in treatment 3 was the highest，being 43.70 g/kg；The plant height of treatment 6 was the highest，being 131.53 cm. In conclusion，the optimal irrigation and fertilization mode for fennel in Ningxia is irrigation quota of 4 200 m³/ha，irrigation time of 4 times（once in growth period，twice in flowering period and once in fruit setting period），fertilizer application amount of 450 kg/ha（once in growth period and once in flowering period）.

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Bioinformatics and Abiotic Stress Response of Tobacco NtTCHQD1

XIE Min, ZHANG Jingyao, WU Guizhi, CHEN Gang, YANG Shuxian, TANG Qin, LIU Renxiang

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (11): 74-82. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.11.008

Abstract （249）

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Glutathione S‑transferase（GST）plays a crucial role in plant resistance to abiotic stress.To investigate the potential biological function of the NtTCHQD1 gene in the tetrachlorohydroquinone dehalogenase（TCHQD）subfamily in tobacco，with the aim of providing a novel gene resource for the development of tobacco resistance germplasm and variety selection，the biological information of NtTCHQD1 was analyzed，and the tobacco variety K326 was used as material to be treated by nine kinds of stress，including water，temperature and hormone.The response characteristics of NtTCHQD1 gene in different treatments were analyzed by measuring the expression levels of NtTCHQD1 in different treatments.The results indicated that the NtTCHQD1 protein was an unstable，non‑secretory，and hydrophilic protein with an instability coefficient of 40. 52 and no signal peptide.The NtTCHQD1 protein mainly comprised serine，threonine，and tyrosine phosphorylation sites，which might be phosphorylated by these protein kinases，thereby participating in various physiological and biochemical processes of tobacco.The analysis of promoter cis‑acting elements revealed that NtTCHQD1 contained hormone，anaerobic，drought，light，and other response elements，which might be involved in plant hormone signal transduction，light and temperature regulation，plant growth and development，and abiotic stress responses.The expression of NtTCHQD1 was elicited under diverse stress treatments，particularly in response to drought，high temperature，and low temperature.The responses of tobacco plants to various stresses exhibited tissue specificity，among which the response of roots to salicylic acid（SA）and gibberellin（GA₃）was the most susceptible，and the response of leaves to other stress treatments except for SA and GA₃ was the most vigorous. In conclusion，NtTCHQD1 might regulate the response of tobacco to hormone and abiotic stress during its growth and development，and could be employed as a novel gene resource for tobacco and other crops to breed outstanding varieties resistant to drought and extreme
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Evaluation and Analysis of the Main Phenotypic Traits of 86 Peanut Germplasm Resources

YU Mu, HU Yanling, YANG Haitang

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (10): 63-72. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.008

Abstract （247）

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In order to study the diversity of peanut germplasm resources and explore the application potential of excellent peanut germplasm resources,the coefficient of variation,Shannon diversity index,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to identify 22 agronomic traits and analyze genetic diversity of 86 peanut germplasm resources.The results showed that the genetic diversity of peanut germplasm resources was rich,with the diversity index of 12 quality traits ranging from 0.15 to 1.08 and the coefficient of variation of 10 quantitative traits ranging from 1.71% to 29.25%,and there was genetic correlation among the phenotypic characters.Using Euclidean distance as genetic distance,86 peanut germplasm resources could be grouped into four groups.Among them group Ⅳ had the characteristics of strong seed dormancy，strong waterlogging resistance,short growth period，high pod yield,and rust resistance,etc.,which could be used as excellent parents of high⁃yield peanut.The cumulative contribution rate of the first eight principal components was 69. 382%.According to the information load in the principal component，growth period,100⁃pod weight,100⁃seed weight,kernel percent,main stem height,length of the 1st lateral branch could be used as the main evaluation index of peanut germplasm resources.The comprehensive score(F value)of peanut germplasm resources ranged from −1.05 to 0.89.Based on the sorting of comprehensive scores,five excellent peanut germplasm resource materials with F value>0.7 were selected,namely 201610,Puhua 82,201710,Fengshun 9616 and Jinonghua 33.

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Research on Automatic Detection Methods for Soybean Stem Related Phenotypes

CHEN Jiajun, LIU Zhiyu, ZHOU Wan, LI Yang, ZHAN Wei, HUANG Lan, WANG Jun, QIU Lijuan

Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2024, 53 (10): 170-180. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.018

Abstract （246）

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Targeting at the problem of automatic acquisition of stem node number and stem thickness phenotypes in soybean plants，this study decomposed the task into several sub⁃problems including stem node identification,stem region detection,stem node localization and sorting,and stem thickness calculation,and proposed a method of automatic detection of stem⁃related phenotypes that integrated target detection,semantic segmentation,and path planning.Based on A^* path planning algorithm and target detection algorithm,the automatic detection and count of stem node were realized.Based on analogic method,curvature method and the maximum tangent circle method,automatic measurement and calculation of stem diameter were realized.By incoporating the coordinate attention mechanism into the YOLOv5s baseline model，the model achieved an average detection accuracy of 93.2% for stem node identification,which was also optimized by fusing a filtering algorithm incorporating the stem node position information to address the adverse effect of pod overlapping in dense plants at the maturity stage,which resulted in a 2.4 percentage point improvement when compared to the original YOLOv5s.At the same time,the mean intersection over union of U2⁃Net semantic segmentation network for segmentation of stems reached 82.6% after optimizing. Based on the stem regions after semantic segmentation,compared with the three stem diameter detection methods proposed in this paper,the maximum tangent circle method had the highest accuracy. Results on real plant samples showed that for the number of stem nodes and main stem diameter,the mean absolute errors of the optimized method were 1.33 and 0.99 mm respectively,which were basically consistent with the threshold requirement for manual measurement data.The root mean square errors were 1.74 and 1.20 respectively,and the mean average percentage errors were 8.96% and 16.37% respectively.

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