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Research Progress of Porcine Getah Virus ZHANG Yuyang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 15-22.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.002 Abstract （1487）      PDF （1296KB）（1342）       Knowledge map    Save Getah Virus（GETV） is an emerging insect‑borne pathogen that has caused reproductive disorders in pigs and high mortality in piglets in many countries in recent years，posing a major threat to global animal husbandry and public health. This virus is primarily transmitted by mosquito bites，which can cause widespread infection in pigs and significantly affect reproductive performance and health.In response to the spread of the epidemic，it is urgent to conduct research on genomic characterization and molecular evolution to guide vaccine design and optimize prevention and control strategies.At the same time，it is necessary to clarify the law of GETV transmission through epidemiological investigation and analyze the pathogenic mechanism in order to provide theoretical support for epidemic prevention and control.In addition，improving the accuracy and timeliness of early diagnosis has become a key link in prevention and control.In view of the critical role of early diagnosis in epidemic prevention and control，based on the latest research results，the pathogenic characteristics，epidemiological characteristics，pathogenic mechanism，diagnostic techniques and prevention and control strategies of GETV were systematically discussed，aiming to provide theoretical support for clinical prevention and control，and provide scientific basis for vaccine development，diagnostic technology innovation and prevention and control policy formulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing System in Wheat Breeding CHEN Yanyan1, ZHAO Mingzhong1, LI Yan1, 2, HUA Xia1, FANG Yuhui1, 2, GONG Chen1, QI Xueli1, 2 Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.001 Abstract （701）      PDF （1381KB）（172）       Knowledge map    Save Wheat is a crucial cereal crop，and the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system provides a powerful tool for wheat breeding. The principle of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system was elaborated，its applications in enhancing wheat yield related traits，improving grain quality，increasing stress resistance（biotic and abiotic stresses），and accelerating the breeding process were reviewed，and the current challenges and future prospects were explored，providing a theoretical foundation for molecular breeding of wheat. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Application in Livestock，Poultry and Aquaculture Production of Bacillus subtilis and Its Effect on  Intestinal Health of Animals FENG Lili Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.001 Abstract （611）      PDF （1361KB）（1939）       Knowledge map    Save Bacillus subtilis can form spores，has strong resistance and good stability，and has several advantages compared with conventional probiotics.Bacillus subtilis can be used as a microecological agent in livestock，poultry and aquaculture production，and has positive impact on animal production performance via improvement of digestion and absorption.Bacillus subtilis can improve meat quality，enhance immunity and regulate intestinal health.The biological characteristics of Bacillus subtilis，the application in livestock，poultry and aquaculture production and the impact on intestinal health were reviewed in this paper，so as to provide reference for further development and utilization of Bacillus subtilis microecologics for feeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and Application of Chitosan Coatings in Fruits and Vegetables Storage and Preservation LIU Chenghong, ZHANG Shun, HUANG Wen, ZHANG Xiaoyan, YANG Hailong, FU Shiyu, ZHAN Lijuan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.001 Abstract （574）      PDF （1976KB）（160）       Knowledge map    Save Fresh fruits and vegetables，due to their high water content and vigorous respiratory metabolism，are highly prone to quality decline and spoilage after harvest.As the world’s largest producer and consumer of fruits and vegetables，China has a persistently high post‑harvest loss rate of fruits and vegetables.The development of efficient and safe preservation technology has become an urgent need for the industry.Coating preservation technology is a new food preservation method，which can effectively maintain the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables and extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables.Chitosan，as a natural biopolymer，is regarded as the most promising preservation coating material due to its wide source，degradability and biosafety，as well as excellent film forming property，antibacterial activity and biocompatibility.A systematic review is conducted on the basic characteristics of chitosan and the preparation methods of coatings.The research and application of chitosan coatings in the field of fruit and vegetable preservation are described in detail.The preservation effect of chitosan coatings on fruits and vegetables is discussed from the perspectives of appearance quality，nutrients，flavor substances and shelf life，and mechanism of preservation and the key factors affecting the preservation efficiency are summarized.Finally，the preservative chitosan coating technical bottlenecks and future development directions are pointed out，with the expectation of providing theoretical references for the in‑depth research and industrial application of this technology. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Resistance to Southern Corn Rust and Detection of Resistance Genes in New Summer Corn Varieties in Henan Province WANG Ziming, ZHANG Yuyang, WANG Ziqi, FAN Zhuo, YUAN Hongxia, YANG Xue, LI Honglian, SHI Yan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 107-115.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.011 Abstract （469）      PDF （631KB）（1080）       Knowledge map    Save Southern corn rust resistance of corn varieties participating in regional trials and introduced variety registration trials in Henan Province from 2021 to 2024 was evaluated using a combination of field nurseries and artificial inoculation. Additionally，resistance gene detection was conducted on varieties exhibiting moderate resistance or higher levels in 2023 and 2024，to determine the resistance status of newly bred corn varieties to southern corn rust，and provide a  theoretical basis for breeding and promoting resistant corn cultivars.The results showed that 134，121，87，and 119 corn varieties were tested in the Henan regional trials from 2021 to 2024，respectively.Among them，the proportions of varieties showing moderate or higher resistance to southern corn rust were 36.57%，92.57%，57.47%，and 86.55%，respectively.For the introduced variety registration trials，68，82，43，and 14 corn varieties were tested，and the proportions of varieties showing moderate or higher resistance to southern corn rust were 32.35%，95.12%，51.16%，and 71.43%，respectively，demonstrating a generally consistent trend.However，there were notable year‑to‑year variations in the proportion of resistant and susceptible varieties.In years with southern corn rust epidemics，such as 2021 and 2023，the proportion of resistant varieties was relatively lower.In 2023，resistance genes were detected in varieties showing moderate resistance or higher levels.The results showed that 48.61% of these varieties carried the resistance gene RppC，while RppM was not detected in any of the tested varieties.Furthermore，51.39% of the varieties lacked both RppC and RppM.In 2024，detection of RppC，RppM，and RppK genes in varieties showing moderate resistance or higher levels was conducted.The results showed that RppC had the highest detection ratio of 92.92%，followed by RppK and RppM with the detection ratio of 21.24% and 20.35%，respectively.However，three varieties tested were negative for all three resistance genes.In conclusion，a relatively high proportion of corn varieties evaluated in recent years in Henan Province exhibited resistance to southern corn rust，with an overall increasing trend.The resistance gene RppC continues to play a key role in corn production，while RppK and RppM are beginning to be applied in southern corn rust‑resistant breeding.Further exploration and utilization of additional resistance genes are still needed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Current Status and Research Progress on the Resource Utilization of Spent Mushroom Substrate in Edible Fungi Cultivation ZHANG Chaohui, LIU Yang, ZHANG Guang, WANG Zhenhe, QIU Liyou Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 1-14.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.001 Abstract （438）      PDF （5411KB）（569）       Knowledge map    Save Edible fungi cultivation is the fifth‑largest planting industry in China and an important pillar for rural revitalization.When the edible fungi industry is developing rapidly，a large amount of spent mushroom substrate（SMS）is generated.A lot of SMS is casually discarded or incinerated，resulting in serious environmental pollution and resource waste.Therefore，the issue of the resource‑based utilization of SMS has received widespread attention.Based on the analysis of the source，physical and chemical properties，and nutritional components of SMS，this paper comprehensively reviews the current situation and research progress of the resource‑based utilization of SMS.This includes SMS being used as energy materials，for the production of bio‑fertilizers，for improving the soil environment，for the extraction of bioactive substances，and for the manufacture of composite materials，etc.It also points out the existing problems in the utilization of SMS.Combining with the development status of the edible fungi industry，this paper looks ahead to the comprehensive utilization of SMS，aiming to increase the utilization rate of SMS and promote the sustainable development of the edible fungi industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and Functional Characterization of Endophytic Microbes from Mulberry Tree（Morus alba L.） LI Sha, YANG Jiahu, WANG Yanhui, HUANG Xinqiu, YANG Wen Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 77-86.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.009 Abstract （437）      PDF （3965KB）（68）       Knowledge map    Save This study used methods such as microbial culture，target gene sequence amplification，and homology identification to isolate and identify endophytic microbes in Morus alba L.，and explored the strain types，distribution characteristics，and functional characteristics of endophytic bacteria and fungi in the roots，stems，and leaves of Yunsang No.6 mulberry.The results showed that a total of 43 endophytic bacteria belonging to 9 genera and 22 endophytic fungi belonging to 14 genera were isolated from mulberry trees. Among them，21 bacteria and 11 fungi were isolated from roots，13 bacteria and 5 fungi were isolated from stems，and 9 bacteria and 6 fungi were isolated from leaves.There were significant differences in the distribution of endophytic microbes in the roots，stems，and leaves of mulberry trees，there were Falsibacillus pallidus，Bacillus velezensis and Pseudomonas koreensis shared in the roots and stems of mulberry trees，Pantoea agglomerans，Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas koreensis shared in the stems and leaves，and Pseudomonas koreensis shared in the roots，stems，and leaves；Endophytic fungi Colletotrichum siamense was shared in mulberry roots and leaves，but no common fungi were found to exist in the stems and leaves，stems and roots.Further screening of functional microbes showed that 8 strains of nitrogen fixing microbes（7 bacteria，1 fungus），4 strains of phosphorus solubilizing microbes（2 bacteria，2 fungi），and 8 strains of potassium solubilizing microbes（6 bacteria，2 fungi）were obtained from 65 endophytic microbes，respectively.In summary，endophytic bacteria and fungi in mulberry trees exhibit diversity and distribution differences in roots，stems，and leaves.Among endophytic bacteria and fungi in mulberry trees，there are functional strains that can dissolve phosphorus，nitrogen，and potassium. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and Function Analysis of Rice Sucrose Transporter OsSUT4 Gene CAI Yumeng, WANG Ying, HE Fei, LIU Yanqing, LIU Jingyan, GUO Yanli, SUN Yue, SU Jingping, WANG Shengjun, LI Junling Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 1-7.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.001 Abstract （423）      PDF （5128KB）（130）       Knowledge map    Save The rice sucrose transporter gene OsSUT4 was cloned，and sucrose transport capability of OsSUT4 was verified by yeast heterologous expression system.The gene was overexpressed in rice，the phenotype of transgenic plants was observed，and the salt tolerance and drought resistance was identified，so as to explore the role of the OsSUT4 gene in stress resistance in rice and provide new gene resources and theoretical foundations for rice genetic improvement. The results showed that OsSUT4 gene was primarily expressed in the flag leaves at jointing stage；The sucrose transport capability of OsSUT4 was confirmed for the first time using the yeast heterologous expression system；Overexpression of OsSUT4 gene did not significantly alter the grain morphology or the thousand⁃grain weight，but significantly increased plant height and survival rates under salt and drought stresses，thereby enhancing the salt tolerance and drought resistance of rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and Identification of Plant Growth⁃Promoting Rhizobacteria and Their Growth⁃Promoting Effects on Tobacco NIU Wenyan, LI Xiaojie, XU Min, QIU Rui, BAI Jingke, LIU Chang, CHEN Yuguo, SI Junke, LI Shujun, SONG Pengyu, SONG Shouye Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 50-59.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.006 Abstract （415）      PDF （2942KB）（476）       Knowledge map    Save To explore multifunctional beneficial microbial strains that promote tobacco growth，bacterial strains with growth⁃promoting potential were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy crops in Jiaxian County，Pingdingshan City，Henan Province.The bacterial strains were identified through morphological，physiological，biochemical analyses，and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.Their growth⁃promoting effects were confirmed through petri dish seed germination tests and pot experiments involving tobacco. The results indicated that strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 had indole⁃3⁃acetic acid（IAA）concentrations of 28.35 mg/L and 22.03 mg/L in their fermentation broths， respectively， with 1⁃aminocyclopropane⁃1⁃carboxylic acid（ACC）deaminase activities of 546.64 U/L and 521.21 U/L.Both strains also exhibited phosphate solubilization，potassium release，and nitrogen fixation capabilities.Identification confirmed that strain JLS0502 was Leclercia adecarboxylata，while strain JLS0413 was Enterobacter ludwigii.Treatment with strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 significantly improved the germination rate of tobacco seeds and promoted root elongation. Pot experiments showed that strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 significantly improved agronomic traits，including plant height，fresh weight，and root morphology of tobacco. Specifically，compared to the uninoculated control，the plant height，total fresh weight，root fresh weight，total root surface area，and total root volume increased by 66.05%，55.82%，59.30%，22.55%，29.37%，and 75.38%，66.29%，105.23%，90.15%，and 140.48%，respectively.Furthermore，the levels of plant hormones，including brassinolide（BR），gibberellin（GA），and indole⁃3⁃acetic acid（IAA），as well as the activities of defense enzymes，such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase（PAL），catalase（CAT），peroxidase（POD），polyphenol oxidase（PPO），and superoxide dismutase（SOD），were significantly higher in the tobacco leaves than in the control group.These findings highlight the significant growth⁃promoting effects of strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 on tobacco. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Bacillus on Seed Germination and Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Maize under Salt⁃Alkali Stress DENG Cong, MA Lu, WANG Qingsong, FU Jian, WANG Yufeng, YANG Kejun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 20-30.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.003 Abstract （392）      PDF （4388KB）（106）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the mitigation effect of Bacillus on salt⁃alkali stress of maize at germination stage，maize with different salt⁃alkali tolerance（Kennian No.1，Xianyu 335，Jiaqiu 105）were used as materials，the germination test was carried out by inoculating Bacillus under salt stress（100 mmol/L NaCl）and alkali stress（60 mmol/L NaHCO3），and the effects of Bacillus on the length，antioxidant enzyme（POD，SOD，CAT，APX）activity，osmotic adjustment substance（soluble protein，soluble sugar，free proline）content，membrane lipid peroxidation（superoxide anion and malondialdehyde contents）of maize plantule and embryo root under salt⁃alkali stress were studied.The results showed that the growth of maize plantule and embryo root was inhibited under salt⁃alkali stress，and the activities of antioxidant enzymes，the contents of osmotic adjustment substances and the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation all showed an upward trend. Compared with salt⁃alkali stress，Bacillus could increase the length，antioxidant enzymes activities and contents of osmotic adjustment substances，and reduce the degree of lipid peroxidation of plantule and embryo root of three maize varieties under salt⁃alkali stress.Under salt stress，inoculation of Bacillus decreased the content of superoxide anion of maize plantule by 14.74 % —49.30%，and the content of superoxide anion of maize embryo root by 0.37%—57.55%；Under alkali stress，inoculation of Bacillus decreased the content of superoxide anion of maize plantule by 18.11% —46.31%，and the content of superoxide anion of maize embryo root by 15.36%—46.83%.Overall，Bacillus can scavenge reactive oxygen species and maintain osmotic pressure balance by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and contents of osmotic adjustment substances，reduce the damage caused by salt⁃alkali stress to maize germination，and then improve the tolerance to salt and alkali. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects and Comprehensive Evaluation of Different Plant Regulators on Growth of Sugar Beets YUAN Tuantuan, LIU Changbing, BEN Qiuping, DING Zhaofei, WANG Kaiyong, FAN Hua, LI Weinong, LI Zhiqiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 40-49.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.005 Abstract （383）      PDF （3563KB）（64）       Knowledge map    Save To identify suitable growth regulators for sugar beets under drip irrigation in Xinjiang and improve the sugar beets yield，the effects of different plant growth regulators on agronomic traits，photosynthetic characteristics，yield of sugar beets were investigated. At 50，70，and 90 days after the emergence of sugar beets，four plant growth regulators DPC，CCC，S3307 and ETH，were sprayed three times on the sugar beets，with water as the control（CK），in 2021 and 2022.The results showed that plant growth regulators could effectively reduce plant height，increase photosynthetic pigment content in sugar beet leaves by 7.38%—16.81% and the net photosynthetic rate by 0.54%—21.54%.The four treatments could increase the yield of sugar beet by 5.97%，12.91%，2.84%，14.20% in 2021，and 10.46%，13.08%，8.39%，18.17% in 2022，respectively，compared with CK. The sugar production of the four regulator treatments was increased by 4.56%，10.90%，6.87%，10.35% in 2021，and 8.34%，11.87%，9.44%，0.43% in 2022.By combining PCA（principal component analysis）and entropy weighted TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation，the impact level of the four growth regulators on sugar beets showed CCC>ETH>DPC>S3307>CK.Overall，CCC was the best regulator in regulating the growth，yield，and quality of sugar beets. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Regulatory Effect of the SP1/IGF2BP3 Axis on the Proliferation of Porcine Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells HUANG Yuxin, WANG Wei, LI Yixing, TANG Zhonglin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 129-138.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.014 Abstract （375）      PDF （5987KB）（28）       Knowledge map    Save This study investigated the effect of insulin⁃like growth factor 2 mRNA⁃binding protein 3（IGF2BP3） on the growth and development of porcine skeletal muscle and analyzed its biological function and expression regulation mechanism so as to provide a theoretical basis and candidate genes for genetic improvement in pigs.Porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells were utilized as the experimental material.RT⁃qPCR and Western blot were employed to measure the expression of cell proliferation marker genes PCNA、CDK4、Cyclin A2 and MKI67，and EdU and CCK⁃8 kits were used to detect cell proliferation viability and rate.The dual⁃luciferase assay of SP1 binding site mutations in the promoter region of the IGF2BP3gene and the ChIP assay were employed to investigate the expression regulatory mechanism of the IGF2BP3 gene by the transcription factor SP1.The results showed that knocking down IGF2BP3 in porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells significantly upregulated the expression of cell proliferation marker genes，increased the proportion of EdU positive cells，and significantly increased the cell proliferation rate at 48 and 72 hours.The dual⁃luciferase activity was significantly reduced by mutations in the SP1 binding region，whereas the activity was significantly increased by SP1 overexpression. SP1 could bind to the promoter region of the IGF2BP3 gene.Interference with SP1 decreased IGF2BP3 expression，whereas overexpression of SP1 upregulated IGF2BP3 expression.Overexpression of SP1 partially eliminated the phenotype that knockdown of IGF2BP3 promoted proliferation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells. In conclusion，the transcription factor SP1 and the IGF2BP3 gene interact to regulate the proliferation of porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Spraying Amino Acid Chelated Zinc after Anthesis on Synthesis and Accumulation of Starch and Protein in Wheat Grains ZHANG Bowen, JIN Haiyang, XU Haixia, ZHENG Fei, HE Ning, SU Yazhong, ZHAO Guojian, CHENG Hongjian, CHENG Xiyong, LI Xiangdong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 8-19.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.002 Abstract （365）      PDF （3302KB）（149）       Knowledge map    Save Zinc sulfate，zinc aspartate acid and zinc glycinate of 0.2% and 0.4% were sprayed on wheat after anthesis with water as the control（CK），and the effects of spraying amino acid chelated zinc on the contents of soluble sugar，starch，amino acid and protein，and the activities of enzymes related to starch synthesis，nitrogen metabolism in wheat grains were studied in different periods，so as to identify the most efficient zinc fertilizer，and provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the high⁃yield and quality enhancement of wheat production. The results showed that compared with CK，spraying zinc glycinate and zinc aspartate significantly increased the activities of soluble starch synthase in grains at 10 days after spraying at Longting and Dancheng experimental sites，with increase rates of 16.26%—27.45% and 24.51%—39.13%，respectively；At Dancheng experimental site，spraying zinc sulfate，zinc glycinate and zinc aspartate significantly increased the activities of bound starch synthase in grains at 10 days after spraying，with increase rates of 9.93%—17.65%，while at Longting experimental site，only spraying 0.2% zinc aspartate significantly increased the activity of bound starch synthase in grains by 12.15%；Spraying zinc glycinate and zinc aspartate significantly increased the starch content in grains at 10 days after spraying at Longting and Dancheng experimental sites，with increase rates of 14.49%—20.82% and 13.26%—20.68%，respectively，there was no significant difference between zinc sulfate treatments and CK，and there was no significant difference in the starch content in grains at 20 days after spraying and mature stage between zinc treatments and CK.Compared with CK，spraying zinc glycinate significantly increased the activity of glutamine synthetase in grains at 10 days after spraying at Longting and Dancheng experimental sites，with increase rates of 16.67% and 10.42%—14.58%，respectively；Significantly increased the activity of glutamate synthetase in grains at 10 and 20 days after spraying at Dancheng experimental site，with increase rates of 12.18%—15.53% and 11.84%—12.76%，respectively.Spraying 0.2% zinc aspartate significantly increased the activities of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase in grains at 20 days after spraying at Longting experimental site，with increase rates of 23.21% and 10.83%，respectively. Spraying 0.2% zinc aspartate or 0.2% zinc glycinate significantly increased the protein content in grains at mature stage at both experimental sites，spraying 0.4% zinc glycinate only significantly increased the protein content in grains at mature stage at Dancheng experimental site，and 0.2% zinc aspartate treatment had the highest increase rates at both experimental sites，which were 7.90% and 7.25%，respectively.In conclusion，spraying 0.2% zinc aspartate，zinc glycinate after anthesis can significantly increase the protein synthesis and accumulation in wheat grains，improve the protein content in grains at mature stage，and 0.2% zinc aspartate has the best effect. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Tillage and Straw Returning Methods on Yield and N2O Emission of Winter Wheat ZHAO Lishang 1, YANG Tiancong 2, ZHANG Xiaomei2, SONG Quanhao 1, MA Zhiyao 2, FENG Wei 2, DUAN Jianzhao2 Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (4): 27-36.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.003 Abstract （362）      PDF （4626KB）（100）       Knowledge map    Save In order to seek technical measures for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing yield in winter wheat production，winter wheat in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain was taken as the research object，the effects of different tillage methods［shallow rotating tillage（S）and deep tillage（D）］and straw returning methods［no straw returning（N），direct straw returning（R）and charred straw returning to field（C）］on dry matter accumulation，nitrogen absorption and utilization，yield and N2O emission of winter wheat were studied.The results showed that deep tillage and straw returning promoted plant growth，increased dry matter accumulation，enhanced nitrogen absorption and utilization，and synergistically increased yield components，thus increasing yield.Compared with SN treatment，the nitrogen use efficiency of SR and SC treatments increased by 16.08%—18.34% and 12.27%—14.03%，and that of DN，DR and DC treatments increased by 19.20%—28.70%，37.60%—40.90% and 24.80%—34.50%，respectively.DR and DC treatments were more beneficial to nitrogen absorption，and improve utilization efficiency.Ear number of DR and DC treatments increased by 7.27%—8.31% and 12.97%—15.03%，grain number per ear increased by 10.34%—9.25% and 6.90%—8.03%，and yield increased by 8.00%—15.15% and 7.00%—9.09%，respectively.Compared with S treatment，D treatment reduced the peak of N2O emission flux，R treatment increased the peak of N2O emission flux compared with N treatment，and C treatment reduced the peak of N2O emission flux compared with N treatment. Compared with SN treatment，N2O emission accumulation of DR and DC treatments decreased by 1.15%—2.04% and 5.53%—15.14%，respectively.To sum up，deep tillage and straw returning are beneficial to the growth and development of winter wheat，increase yield，save energy and reduce emission，among which DC treatment can be used as the best tillage measure to increase yield and reduce N2O emission in winter wheat production in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Intelligent Identification Technology of Cucumber Diseases YANG Zhendong, LUO Wei, LUO Chen, JIANG Hongxun, ZHANG Ying, SONG Shumin, SHI Yiming, YU Yanling, YANG Tianliang, MA Zhongjie, FENG Xiao, YANG Fan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (4): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.001 Abstract （359）      PDF （1321KB）（614）       Knowledge map    Save The timely and accurate identification of cucumber diseases using intelligent identification technology is crucial for the proactive control and rational application of pesticides，which is of great significance for ensuring high‐quality cucumber production and ecological environmental safety.The intelligent identification of cucumber diseases is mainly realized by expert knowledge based on traditional expert systems and knowledge graphs，visible light image processing based on traditional machine learning and deep learning，spectral analysis such as chlorophyll fluorescence and hyperspectrum，and multi‐modal data fusion.The research progress of intelligent identification of cucumber diseases based on the above technologies was reviewed，the existing problems and deficiencies in current research were also summarized，and the development trends of cucumber diseases intelligent identification technology in the future was prospected，in order to provide reference for the application research of cucumber diseases intelligent identification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Preceding Crops on Dry Matter Accumulation and Transportation，Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization and Yield of Winter Wheat WANG Haiyang, JIN Haiyang, SONG Hang, PAN Xiuyan, YAN Yaqian, YANG Xiwen, ZENG Zhaohai, ZANG Huadong, ZHENG Nian, LI Xiangdong, HE Dexian Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (6): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.06.001 Abstract （357）      PDF （1524KB）（179）       Knowledge map    Save Five cropping patterns were established，including winter wheat—summer maize，winter wheat—summer peanut，winter wheat—summer soybean，winter wheat—summer maize intercropping with summer peanut，and winter wheat—summer maize intercropping with summer soybean，and the effects of different preceding crops on dry matter accumulation and transportation，nitrogen uptake and utilization，and yield of winter wheat were studied，so as to identify optimal rotation pattern for enhancing wheat yield and provide theoretical support for diversified cropping pattern selection in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain. The results showed that under the summer soybean stubble，winter wheat exhibited the highest dry matter accumulation and nitrogen absorption at different growth stages overall.At maturity，dry matter accumulation under summer soybean stubble significantly increased by 15.2%，5.0%，13.3% and 8.4% compared with summer maize，summer peanut，summer maize intercropping with summer peanut，and summer maize intercropping with summer soybean stubbles，respectively；Nitrogen absorption increased by 11.3%，2.3%，13.6% and 14.5%，respectively.Compared with summer maize，summer peanut，summer maize intercropping with summer peanut，and summer maize intercropping with summer soybean stubbles，the pre‐anthesis dry matter transport amount under summer soybean stubble significantly increased by 25.4%，18.6%，37.6% and 16.4%，the pre‐anthesis transport rate increased by 7.0%，9.6%，14.3% and 5.6%，while the contribution rate of pre‐anthesis dry matter transport to grain yield increased by 8.5%，12.8%，23.6% and 7.3%，respectively.The pre‐anthesis nitrogen transport rate，contribution rate of pre‐anthesis nitrogen transport to grain nitrogen，and post‐anthesis nitrogen accumulation were higher.The nitrogen absorption efficiency was the highest，with increases of 11.3%，7.1%，15.2% and 15.9%.The nitrogen utilization efficiency was the highest under summer maize intercropping with soybean stubble，followed by summer soybean stubble，with no significant difference between them but both significantly higher than the other treatments.Under summer soybean stubble，wheat spikes number increased by 20.5%，5.9%，20.0% and 16.0%，while yield significantly increased by 16.0%，11.9%，15.9% and 5.8%，respectively，compared with summer maize，summer peanut，summer maize intercropping with summer peanut，and summer maize intercropping with summer soybean stubbles.In conclusion，summer soybean stubble promotes aboveground biomass production and nitrogen absorption of winter wheat，enhances spike number，and increases yield，so the winter wheat—summer soybean pattern was the optimal cropping system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Different Enzymes on the Quality Improvement Effect of Discarded Tobacco Extract LUO Haitao, WANG Shuoying, QI Yating, LI Ruili, CHEN Dong, RAO Chaoqi, ZHANG Junsong, ZOU Enkai Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 170-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.018 Abstract （354）      PDF （2410KB）（61）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the use value of discarded tobacco leaf，deionized water treatment was used as a control，pectinase，papain，cellulase，α⁃amylase，and laccase were selected to pretreat discarded tobacco leaf，extracts were prepared from discarded tobacco leaf by using ethanol extraction，and the aroma components of each extract were analyzed and cigarette flavoring sensory quality evaluation was carried out.Results showed that a total of 61 volatile components were detected in the extracts of six groups by GC⁃MS analysis，among them，the total volatile components of CK（tobacco extract obtained by deionized water treatment）were 12 335.78 μg/g，and the total volatile components of the extracts prepared by different enzyme treatments were 12 968.96—14 993.75 μg/g，which were increased to varying degrees compared with CK，and the total volatile components of tobacco leaf extract prepared by laccase treatment was the highest. Principal component analysis（PCA）was used to comprehensively evaluate the volatile components of each extract，the results showed that the tobacco extract treated with laccase had the highest comprehensive score，followed by the tobacco extract treated with cellulase and α⁃amylase，and the tobacco extracts treated with papain，pectinase and deionized water had lower comprehensive scores；Compared with CK，the cigarettes flavored by tobacco leaf extract prepared after enzymatic treatment had less impurity and irritation，more comfortable aftertaste，the comprehensive score of cigarettes flavored by tobacco leaf extract prepared by laccase treatment was the highest，which was 87.4 points，7.5 pionts higher than CK.In summary，laccase is the optimal biological enzyme for the preparation of discarded tobacco leaf extracts suitable for cigarette flavoring. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of a Climate Suitability Model for the Flowering Period of Chimonanthus praecox in Chongqing and Identification of Potential Planting Zones JI Li, LI Qiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 147-156.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.016 Abstract （345）      PDF （7233KB）（15）       Knowledge map    Save Under the influence of global climate warming，the light，temperature，and water resources required for the growth and development of Chimonanthus praecox have undergone significant changes.Conducting research on the climatic adaptability of its key growth periods can provide a scientific basis for optimizing its cultivation structure.This study established a climate suitability model for wintersweet based on the light，temperature，and water requirements during its flowering period in Beibei，Chongqing，integrating climate suitability theory and fuzzy mathematics.The model was used to analyze climatic suitability characteristics during wintersweet’s flowering stage in Chongqing，identify potential planting areas，and offer insights for adjusting cultivation practices and rationally utilizing climatic resources.Results indicated that Beibei exhibited the highest temperature suitability（0.83—0.99），conducive to flowering，while precipitation suitability ranged from 0.45 to 1.00，sufficiently meeting water demands.However，sunlight suitability was the lowest（0.28），suggesting that light conditions partially constrained flowering.Comparative analysis of the integrated climate suitability index and actual flowering quantity from 2019 to 2022 revealed consistent upward trends，validating the model’s rationality. Chongqing experienced diverse climatic conditions from December to January，with average temperatures of 3—9 ℃，uneven precipitation distribution，and increasing sunshine duration from west to east.Southeastern Chongqing and northeastern Chongqing exhibited more low⁃temperature days and greater diurnal temperature variations，slightly impacting natural growth.Among climatic factors，temperature suitability outweighed precipitation and sunlight suitability，with overall favorable conditions for wintersweet flowering in Chongqing，though sunlight remained a limiting factor.Overall，the integrated climate suitability during wintersweet’s flowering period in Chongqing is generally favorable，with western Chongqing offering optimal climatic conditions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Polymorphism of Structural Variation DKK2‐I1‐sv89 in the DKK2 Gene of Five Pig Breeds LONG Juyan, LU Shengfei, TIAN Jiao, NIU Xi, CHEN Xia, HUANG Shihui, RAN Xueqin, WANG Jiafu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (4): 129-135.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.013 Abstract （336）      PDF （2234KB）（54）       Knowledge map    Save A structural variation measuring 89 bp，designated as DKK2‐I1‐sv89，was identified in intron 1 of the DKK2 gene of pigs through preliminary genomic analysis.To investigate the polymorphism distribution of this structural variation（SV）and its potential impact on gene expression，specific primers targeting the SV sequence were designed for this study.The population distribution of DKK2‐I1‐sv89 was subsequently evaluated using polymerase chain reaction（PCR）across four Guizhou indigenous pig breeds（Xiang pig，Qianbeihei pig，Kele pig，and Jiangkouluobo pig）and one European pig breed（Large White pig）.The gene expression difference of DKK2 among the various genotypes was determined by using real time quantitative PCR（RT‐qPCR）.Additionally，bioinformatics analyses were employed to assess the functional elements within the structural variation region of DKK2‐I1‐sv89. The findings demonstrated that in the Xiang pig and Qianbeihei pig，three genotypes（insertional genotype II，heterozygous genotype DI，and wild‐type genotype DD）were found，while only one genotype（DD）was found in Large White pig，however in Kele pig and Jiangkouluobo pig，two genotypes（DI and DD）were found.Comparative analysis across the five breeds demonstrated that the four Guizhou local pig breeds（including Xiang pig，Qianbeihei pig，Kele pig，and Jiangkouluobo pig） had a higher frequency of the insertional allele（I allele） compared to the Large White pig. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the DKK2‐I1‐sv89 contained one intronic splicing enhancer（ISE） and 13 RNA binding protein（RBP） binding sites.Quantitative trait locus（QTL）analysis demonstrated that the QTL at this SV locus was associated with reproduction，meat quality，and health‐related traits. Further analysis of DKK2 gene expression in ovarian tissues of Xiang pigs with different genotypes（II，DI，and DD）revealed that II genotype pigs exhibited significantly higher expression levels compared to both the DI and DD genotypes.The results indicated a notable difference in the distribution frequency of this polymorphism between Large White pig and Guizhou local pigs.Additionally，the SV was found to be beneficial for the expression of DKK2 gene in the ovary and could serve as an early molecular marker for distinguishing between Large White pig and Guizhou local pigs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Thermogravimetric Characteristics and Stepwise Thermal Release Aroma Components of Different Types of Tobacco LIANG Miao, LIU Yuxuan, ZHU Haibo, SU Man, ZHENG Yongjie, XIE Yifei, JIANG Xi, ZHANG Junsong, ZHU Yuanyang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 157-169.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.017 Abstract （330）      PDF （5567KB）（46）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the weight loss characteristics and component release characteristics of different types of tobacco leaves in different thermal weight loss temperature ranges，flue⁃cured tobacco，cigar tobacco and burley tobacco were used as the research subjects. By thermogravimetric analysis method and self⁃built programmed temperature control heating platform coupled with flue gas capture device，the thermal weight loss characteristics of different types of tobacco leaves and the heat release products under stepwise heating conditions were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the thermal weight loss process of different types of tobacco leaves could be divided into four stages，but the thermal weight loss characteristic parameters of each sample were different.The weight loss rate and maximum weight loss rate of flue⁃cured tobacco in stage Ⅱ were high，the initial decomposition temperature of cigar tobacco and burley tobacco was high，and the final decomposition temperature was low.Flue⁃cured tobacco had lower comprehensive pyrolysis index［9.84×10⁃5%（/ min·℃2）］and residual mass（28.47%）.The pyrolysis kinetics analysis showed that the activation energy（Ea）and pre⁃exponential factor（A）of flue⁃cured tobacco in stage Ⅱ were higher than those of cigar tobacco and burley tobacco.The Ea value of burley tobacco in stage Ⅲ was higher than that of flue⁃cured tobacco and cigar tobacco，while the Ea value of cigar tobacco in stage Ⅳ was higher than that of flue⁃cured tobacco and burley tobacco. Under the condition of stepwise heating，different types of tobacco leaves showed the highest weight loss rate in the thermal decomposition stage Ⅲ，and the weight loss rate of stage Ⅱ showed flue⁃cured tobacco>cigar tobacco>burley tobacco.The weight loss rate of flue⁃cured tobacco and cigar tobacco in stage Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of burley tobacco（34.60%）.The heat release aroma products of different types of tobacco leaves in each heating stage were significantly different. The total amount of aroma substances released showed cigar tobacco（13 883.48 μg/g）>burley tobacco（11 970.11 μg/g）>flue⁃cured tobacco（8 753.42 μg/g）.The content of aroma substances released in stage Ⅲ accounted for 42.86%，48.68% and 61.85% of the total content，respectively.In summary，the thermal weight loss characteristics and stepwise heat release aroma components of different types of tobacco leaves are different.The type of tobacco raw materials and the heat release components at the corresponding temperature should be considered in the formulation design of cigarette products. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of 6⁃BA on Physiological Characteristics of Primary Rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. WANG Rongrong, YUE Hewei, ZHANG Bo, HU Peng, LIU Yang, YANG Xue, LI Juan, LI Lianzhen Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 60-70.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.007 Abstract （328）      PDF （2361KB）（62）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the effects of 6⁃benzylaminopurine（6⁃BA）on the physiological characteristics of the initial root tubers of Polygonatum sibiricum Red.，four mass concentrations of 6⁃BA（0 mg/L，CK；50 mg/L，M1；100 mg/L，M2；200 mg/L，M3）were applied to the initial root tubers.The germination and growth of the initial root tubers were observed，and the activities of peroxidase（POD），catalase（CAT），superoxide dismutase（SOD），lipase，malate dehydrogenase（MDH），6⁃phosphogluconate dehydrogenase（G6PDH），and the contents of malondialdehyde（MDA），lipids，free amino acids，proteins，starch，and soluble sugars were measured.The results showed that the germination rate，seedling leaf length，leaf width，diameter，main root length，lateral root number，and dry weight of the primary rhizomes treated with 6⁃BA were significantly higher than those in the CK group（P<0.05）.On the 61st day，the emergence rates of M1，M2，M3，and CK were 33.10%，60.12%，46.66% and 3.68%；Among them，the M2 treatment showed significant differences compared to other treatments（P<0.05）.On days 1—31，the soluble sugar，starch，protein，free amino acids，and fat content in the primary rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum Red.treated with 6⁃BA were significantly lower than those in the CK group（P<0.05），and the lipase activity was significantly higher than that in the CK group（P<0.05）；The activities of POD，SOD，CAT，MDH，and G6PDH enzymes in the primary rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum Red.treated with 6⁃BA were higher than those in the CK group，while the MDA content was lower.The activities of SOD，CAT，and G6PDH reached their highest values on the 41st day after treatment.Among them，the SOD activity in M1，M2，and M3 increased by 39.87%，86.99%，and 51.02%，respectively，compared to the CK group；The CAT activity in M1，M2，and M3 increased by 30.25%，54.06%，and 45.79% respectively compared to CK；The G6PDH activity in M1，M2，and M3 increased by 51.90%，132.42%，and 76.89% respectively compared to CK.The results of correlation and principal component analysis showed that the eight indicators of starch content，soluble sugar content，protein content，free amino acid content，fat content，peroxidase activity，superoxide dismutase activity，and catalase activity could be used as core evaluation indexes to characterize the emergence and growth of primary rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum Red. under different concentrations of 6⁃BA（0，50，100，200 mg/L）.In conclusion，6⁃BA can significantly improve the emergence rate，substance metabolism level，and antioxidant enzyme activity of the primary rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum Red.，and the optimal concentration is 100 mg/L. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Heterologous Expression of the vgb Gene Mediated by Different Promoters on Novonestmycin Production ZHANG Yifan, LIU Xiaoyan, WAN Zhongyi, FANG Wei, ZHU Lei, CHEN Ling, CAI Jun, ZHOU Ronghua, WANG Changgao, MIN Yong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (4): 91-100.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.009 Abstract （327）      PDF （1982KB）（100）       Knowledge map    Save To enhance the production of the novel agricultural antibiotic novonestmycin，Streptomyces sp.HBERC‐20821 was used as the host strain.Five engineered strains were constructed using different promoters：ermEp，kasOp，kasOp3，kasOp*，and SP44‑SR12.The expression of the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene(vgb)and its differential expression under various promoters were validated by quantitative real‐time PCR(qRT‐PCR)，and the strain with the highest novonestmycin yield was identified through parallel shake flask fermentation experiments.The bioactivity of the functional VHb protein in the selected strain was confirmed using carbon monoxide difference spectroscopy.Furthermore，parallel bioreactor fermentations were conducted to investigate the impact of heterologous expression of the vgb gene，on novonestmycin production.The results showed that five engineered strains containing different promoters were successfully constructed.Under the mediation of the kasOp series promoters，vgb expression was significantly higher than that achieved by the traditional ermEp promoter，with increases ranging from 9‐to 35‐fold；notably，the kasOp3 promoter mediated vgb expression was 35‐fold that of ermEp.In shake flask fermentations，the parental strain HBERC‐20821 produced 545.01 mg/L of novonestmycin，while the engineered strain 20821‐kasOp‐vgb(20821/PKV)achieved the highest novonestmycin yield with an increase of 46.30% over the parental strain，reaching 797.30 mg/L.Carbon monoxide difference spectroscopy confirmed the bioactivity of the VHb protein in 20821/PKV，as evidenced by the characteristic absorption peak at 420 nm of its CO‐bound complex.In bioreactor fermentations，the parental strain produced 495.67 mg/L of novonestmycin，whereas the yield from 20821/PKV was 803.18 mg/L，corresponding to a 62.04% increase.In summary，the kasOp promoter effectively enhanced vgb expression，thus significantly improving novonestmycin production in the engineered strain 20821/PKV. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Differentially Expressed ERF Genes under Low Nitrogen Stress in Sesame（Sesamum indicum L.）and Expression Analysis of SiERF08 Gene TIAN Yuan, ZHANG Pengyu, LI Feng, WANG Dongyong, FU Jinzhou, RONG Yasi, GAO Tongmei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (4): 37-46.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.004 Abstract （325）      PDF （4795KB）（103）       Knowledge map    Save The AP2/ERF is one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants，which is involved in plant metabolic biosynthesis，organ development，stress response and hormone signal transduction.To explore the expression characteristics of ERF genes under low nitrogen stress in sesame，24 differentially expressed SiERF genes were identified from the former transcriptome result of sesame roots under low nitrogen stress，and their expression characteristics，co‐expression network and the expression profiles of the key gene SiERF08 under different treatments were analyzed.The results showed that the open reading frame length of 24 differentially expressed SiERF genes was 564—1 254 bp，protein molecular weight ranged from 20.92—44.97 ku，and isoelectric point ranged from 4. 39 to 10. 92. And 24 differentially expressed SiERF genes were unevenly distributed on 13 chromosomes.The promoter sequences contained a number of plant hormone response elements（ABRE，AuxRE and so on），stress response elements（such as ARE，DRE core and LTR），growth and development elements（O2‐site，Gap‐box and CAT‐box）and light response cis‐acting elements（G‐box，MRE，I‐box and so on）.The results of gene expression and Venn diagram showed that 24 and 14 differentially expressed SiERF genes were detected in Burmese prolific and Zhengzhi HL05，respectively.Among them，3 differentially expressed genes such as SiERF06 were identified in two varieties at 3，9 days after low nitrogen stress.Five key candidate genes in response to low nitrogen stress，such as SiERF08 were screened by co‐expression network analysis.The expression characteristics of key candidate gene SiERF08 under different stresses were analyzed.The results showed that，SiERF08 gene was induced under low nitrogen，drought，high salinity，GA and SA stresses，and under different treatments SiERF08 gene exhibited different expression patterns.The expression of SiERF08 gene was the highest in drought，high salt，SA，high temperature and low temperature treatment for 6 h，and reached the peak at 12 h under low nitrogen treatment.Under GA treatment，the expression of SiERF08 gene was only induced at 6 h and 72 h，and the difference was significant.Overall，24 differentially expressed SiERF genes under low nitrogen stress were analyzed by bioinformatics，and 5 key candidate genes such as SiERF08 were screened，among which SiERF08 gene was induced to express under low nitrogen，drought，high salinity and SA stress.This research will provide theoretical basis and genetic resources for further exploring SiERF genes function and revealing the molecular mechanism of low nitrogen tolerance in sesame. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Yunnan Black Tea Aroma Characteristics Based on HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS and OAV DING Qihuan, DENG Min, SHI Dekang, SU Jianmei, GU Chonglin, LI Sijin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (4): 167-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.017 Abstract （325）      PDF （3949KB）（2523）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the aroma characteristics of Yunnan black tea from different production areas in Yunnan,12 tea samples from four production areas,namely,Simao in Puer,Changning in Baoshan,Menghai in Xishuangbanna and Fengqing in Lincang，were selected as materials.The headspace‐solid phase microextraction(HS‐SPME)combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry(GC‐MS)was used to separate and identify the volatile components of Yunnan black tea from different production areas on a DB‐WAX column，and the volatile components of Yunnan black tea were analysed by using aroma activity value(OAV)combined with chemometrics to determine the volatiles composition and aroma characteristics of Yunnan black tea from different production areas.The results showed that a total of 143 volatile substances，mainly alcohols，aldehydes，esters and olefins，were identified in Yunnan black tea from different production areas，and 50 substances(OAV≥1)contributing to the flavor of Yunnan black tea were screened out with the help of OAV，among which linalool and β‐ionone had a prominent position in OAV，and were important for the composition of the flavour of Yunnan black tea from different production areas.By using orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis(OPLS‐DA),combined with variable importance projection(VIP),43 differential markers were screened(VIP≥1).Based on the results of OAV and OPLS‐DA，12 characteristic differential substances of Yunnan black tea were screened：2‐methyl butyraldehyde， benzaldehyde， heptaldehyde，Z‐hex‐3‐en‐1‐ol，methyl 2‐(methylamino)benzoate，dihydroactinidolide，D‐limonene,(E)‐3，7‐dimethylocta‐1,3,6‐triene，β‐ionone，α -lonone，dihydro‐β‐ionone，and P‐cymene.Z‐hex‐3‐en‐1‐ol contributed prominently to the clear aroma of black tea from Changning production area；dihydroactinidolide and dihydro‐β‐ionone contributed prominently to the floral and fruity aroma of Menghai production area，and heptaldehyde contributed prominently to the fruity aroma of Fengqing production area.Further analysis showed that the Yunnan black tea aroma types of the four production areas were mainly floral and fruity.Combined with the cluster analysis，Changning and Fengqing production areas had floral and sweet aroma，and the fruity aroma was stronger，absence of honey notes；and the differentiated compounds of Simao and Menghai production areas were more diverse，and the composite aroma was obvious，which involved the sweet aroma，honey aroma，grassy aroma，clear aroma and fat aroma. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome‑wide Association Analysis and Candidate Gene Prediction for Rice Drought Tolerance at Seedling Stage HUANG Shipeng, HE Huqiang, LI Guangzhao, CHEN Chuanxin, ZHONG Tuo, XIE Jianbo, ZHOU Xiangwan, WANG Dan, XIAO Yinghui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 12-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.002 Abstract （325）      PDF （6475KB）（211）       Knowledge map    Save Taking 355 rice germplasms from RDP‑Ⅱ as materials，taking the yellow leaf rate after re‑watering as the drought tolerance evaluation index，combined with the population genotype data，genome‑wide association analysis（GWAS）was carried out，and the candidate genes related to drought tolerance were analyzed，so as to provide excellent germplasm resources and gene resources for the breeding of drought tolerant rice.The results showed that in RDP‑Ⅱ population，the yellow leaf rate of tropical japonica rice was the lowest，and that of Osbeck rice was the highest；Seventeen SNP loci related to drought tolerance were identified by GWAS，and distributed on chromosomes 1，2，3，6，7，8，11 and 12 of rice.Candidate genes were predicted in the 10 kb region near the peak SNP，and 33 candidate genes related to drought tolerance were screened，mainly including genes encoding protein kinases，transposon proteins，etc.Based on gene function annotation，8 candidate genes were selected for gene expression analysis in drought tolerant germplasm and drought intolerant germplasm，and OsCTFdt and OsPEX1 genes with significant difference in expression level were identified，which positively and negatively regulated the drought tolerance of rice at seedling stage，respectively.OsCTFdt and OsPEX1 genes had 4 haplotypes respectively，and the yellow leaf rate of the dominant haplotype was significantly lower than that of other haplotypes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Early and Rapid Detection of Tomato Gray Mold Based on LAMP Technology ZHAO Qian, LI Wen, LI Xiliu, JIA Zhenhua, FENG Xiaojuan, SONG Shuishan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (6): 84-91.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.06.009 Abstract （323）      PDF （4032KB）（409）       Knowledge map    Save Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is one of the main diseases of tomatoes，which severely affects the yield and quality of tomatoes. In order to achieve the early and rapid detection of tomato gray mold，by using the ACTIN gene of Botrytis cinerea as the target gene，and based on the loop‐mediated isothermal amplification（LAMP）technology，a set of LAMP specific primers was designed and screened，and the reaction system and reaction conditions were optimized to realize the rapid isothermal amplification of Botrytis cinerea.Through agarose gel electrophoresis and SYBR Green Ⅰ visualization analysis，the optimal dosages of Bst Ⅱ DNA polymerase and dNTPs，as well as the optimal ratio of inner and outer primers，were determined to be 0.6 U/μL，1.25 mmol/L，and 2∶1 respectively.The specific detection of Botrytis cinerea could be achieved at 61 ℃ for 40 min，and its sensitivity could reach 100 ag/μL，which was 106 times the sensitivity of ordinary PCR detection. When this method was applied to the detection of tomato diseases，the spores detection limit for Botrytis cinerea could reach 20 spores/mL，and the pathogen could be detected in tomato leaves that had been infected for 4 days without obvious phenotypic symptoms of gray mold，making it applicable for the early，rapid，sensitive and visual detection of tomato gray mold. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on County‑Level Yield Simulation of Winter Wheat in Henan Province Based on Machine Learning Algorithms LIU Xinglin, LIU Yuan, YANG Fan, LIU Buchun, HAN Rui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (8): 167-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.017 Abstract （318）      PDF （16397KB）（46）       Knowledge map    Save Henan is a major province for winter wheat cultivation，and simulating winter wheat yield is of great significance for ensuring national food security. This study analyzed the performance of machine learning models in winter wheat yield simulation using ten‑day scale meteorological data and county‑level winter wheat yield data from 16 counties（cities）in Henan Province from 2000 to 2019.The dataset was divided into a test set（2000—2015） and a training set（2016—2019）.Based on multiple stepwise regression，random forest，and random forest OOB methods，county‑level yield simulation models for winter wheat in Henan Province were constructed，and the simulation effects of different models were verified and compared. The results showed that，from 2000 to 2019，the winter wheat yield in Henan Province fluctuated between 2 001 and 7 980 kg/ha，with an average of 5 675 kg/ha and a coefficient of variation ranging from 3.75% to 26.58%.A multiple stepwise regression model was constructed based on 19 ten‑day scale meteorological factors that passed the 95% significance test.The multiple stepwise regression model was validated with a determination coefficient（R2）of 0.620 9 and a root mean square error（RMSE）of 907.06 kg/ha；The random forest model constructed using all the characteristic factors was validated with the R2 of 0.772 5，and the RMSE of 664.36 kg/ha.A total of 68 key ten‑day scale meteorological characteristic factors were screened based on random forest OOB importance analysis，among which，the ten‑day scale meteorological factors in November last year，March，April and June had particularly significant impacts on winter wheat yield.The validation determination coefficient of the random forest OOB model for simulating county‑level winter wheat yield was 0.860 5，and the RMSE was 636.58 kg/ha.The random forest OOB model performed better than the multiple stepwise regression model and the random forest model，with R2 increased by 38.59% and 11.39%，respectively，and RMSE decreased by 29.82% and 4.18%，respectively.This study utilized limited meteorological data and county‑level yield data to achieve reliable and accurate winter wheat yield simulation，providing a methodological reference for regional winter wheat yield simulation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc Application on Accumulation and Distribution of Mineral Elements in Grain at Different Positions of Ear of Maize with Different Zn Efficiency ZHANG Panpan, SHAO Yunhui, LI Chunhua, MU Weilin, GUO Hanxiao, LI Chuan, ZHANG Meiwei, ZHAO Shuangsuo, HU Yanqi, HAN Linlin, QIAO Jiangfang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (4): 11-26.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.002 Abstract （315）      PDF （3030KB）（85）       Knowledge map    Save With zinc（Zn） efficiency（Zhengdan 958，ZD958）and insensitivity types（Longping 638，LP638）as materials，the effects of nitrogen（N）rates［225 kg/ha（HN），180 kg/ha（MN）and 90 kg/ha（LN）］and foliar Zn［no Zn（Zn0），spraying Zn of 1∶1 at jointing stage and flare opening stage（Zn1）］on the yield and content，accumulation and distribution of mineral elements in grain at different positions of maize ear，so as to provide scientific basis for the N and Zn fertilization in summer maize production.The result indicated that in general，the kernel number，1 000‐grain weight，yield and mineral element accumulation showed upper grain<middle grain<basal grain.MN had the highest upper grain yield，and HN had the highest middle and basal grain yield.Foliar Zn improved the yield of upper，basal and whole grain；Compared with LP638，the upper and basal grain yields of ZD958 were higher.Overall，MNZn1ZD958 treatment had high upper，basal and whole grain yield，Zn content in whole grain，and potassium（K）and manganese（Mn）accumulation in upper grain. HNZn1ZD958 treatment had higher yield，N and Mn contents in whole grain，copper（Cu）and Zn contents in upper grain and Cu content in middle grain，and increased the proportions of Mn and Zn in upper grain and Cu in middle grain.There was significantly positive correlation between whole grain yield and basal grain yield；N content in whole grain was significantly positively correlated with middle grain yield，and significantly negatively correlated with Mn and Zn contents.By comprehensive consideration，spraying Zn of 1∶1 at jointing stage and flare opening stage can improve yield under 180—225 kg/ha N condition；Spraying Zn of 1∶1 at jointing stage and flare opening stage can promote N，Zn and Mn accumulation under 180 kg/ha N condition；Spraying Zn of 1∶1 at jointing stage and flare opening stage is conducive to the transport of Cu，Mn and Zn to basal grain under 90 kg/ha N condition；Spraying Zn of 1∶1 at jointing stage and flare opening stage is conducive to the transport of N，Mn and Zn to upper grain under 225 kg/ha N condition. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of Fish Community Structure in Qianxia Lake CHEN Huan, LIAN Qingping, MENG Zhou, GUO Aihuan, SHENG Pengcheng, CHEN Guangmei, YUAN Julin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 141-149.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.015 Abstract （314）      PDF （2227KB）（81）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the characteristics of fish community structure in Qianxia Lake，a two‐year survey was conducted from 2022 to 2023，with sampling performed once in March，July，October，and December of each year，resulting in a total of eight sampling events. The results showed that a total of 40 fish species were collected and identified，belonging to 3 orders，9 families，and 31 genera.Among them，Cypriniformes accounted for the highest proportion（30 species，75%）.Ecological type analysis indicated that sedentary（92.50%），omnivorous（50%），and bottom‐dwelling fish（42.5%）were the main ecological groups.Community structure analysis identified six dominant species：Hemiculter leucisculus，Sinibrama macrops，Xenocypris microlepis，Coptodon zillii，Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Culter alburnus.The results of Margalef species richness index and Shannon‐Wiener diversity index in biodiversity indexes showed that 2023 was higher than 2022.The results of catch per unit fishing effort showed that the average catch number per unit fishing effort and catch biomass per unit fishing effort in 2023 were higher than those in 2022，and the peak of catch number per unit fishing effort and catch biomass per unit fishing effort appeared in July 2023，with values of 8.32 ind（/m²·d）and 1 131.88 g（/m²·d），respectively.The abundance‐biomass comparison curve（W2=0.037）indicated that the water body was in a moderately disturbed state.In summary，the construction of the Qianxia Lake Reservoir has changed the original fish resources situation. At the same time，the increase in the number of alien species and the risk of fish miniaturization may have a negative impact on the indigenous fish in the water area. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Irrigation Methods on Crop Yield and Water⁃Nitrogen Use Efficiency under Wheat⁃Peanut Rotation System GAO Cuimin, TIAN Yuan, ZHANG Ruiqing, HE Fang, HAN Weifeng, ZHANG Yunhong, PAN Xiaoying, YANG Yonghui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 31-39.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.004 Abstract （313）      PDF （1557KB）（62）       Knowledge map    Save Based on a four⁃year field positioning experiment，three irrigation methods，including traditional irrigation（TI），sprinkler irrigation（SI）and drip irrigation（DI）were used to explore the effects of irrigation methods on crop photosynthetic characteristics，grain yield and water⁃nitrogen use efficiency under wheat⁃peanut rotation system，with no irrigation treatment as control（CK），so as to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the popularization and application of water⁃saving irrigation technology in wheat⁃peanut rotation system.The results showed that irrigation methods had significant effects on crop SPAD value，net photosynthetic rate，transpiration rate，yield and its components，water and nitrogen use efficiency under wheat⁃peanut rotation system，and DI treatment was the highest among all treatments，followed by SI treatment. Under wheat⁃peanut rotation system，compared with other treatments，net photosynthetic rate，transpiration rate and SPAD value of DI treatment increased by 3.3%—105.4%，5.6%—109.6% and 1.0%—19.4%，respectively；Grain number per spike，1 000⁃grain weight and grain yield of wheat increased by 6.9%—21.1%，4.6%—39.2% and 9.2%—50.6%，respectively；Number of full pods per plant，100⁃pod weight，kernel rate and yield of peanut increased by 8.8%—35.5%，2.8%—16.2%，1.7%—5.6% and 4.1%—30.1%，respectively.The annual grain yield，water use efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen of wheat⁃peanut showed DI>SI> TI .Compared with TI treatment，the total yield，water use efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen of wheat⁃peanut of DI treatment increased by 17.9%，19.5% and 17.9%，respectively，and those of SI treatment increased by 10.1%，14.9% and 10.1%，respectively. In summary，under the condition of this study，drip irrigation is the best irrigation method for increasing yield and efficiency of wheat⁃peanut，followed by sprinkler irrigation，both of which can achieve the goal of high yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation and Identification of Antagonistic Endophytic Bacteria against Strawberry Gray Mold and Their Antibacterial Effects MA Li, GUO Xueliang, YAO Hongyu, LIU Haobin, XING Xiaolong, ZHU Chunhua, QI Hongzhi, LI Xianwei, YU Dongdong, ZHANG Li, LI Chengwei, PEI Dongli, WANG Fang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (6): 100-109.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.06.011 Abstract （312）      PDF （3001KB）（80）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen antagonistic strains of strawberry gray mold pathogens and provide strain resources for the biological control of strawberry gray mold，the endophytic bacteria with inhibitory effect on strawberry Botrytis cinerea were isolated and screened from healthy strawberry plants by plate confrontation method，the effect of antagonistic strains on the mycelial growth of the pathogen was observed by light microscope，and the antagonistic bacteria and gray mold pathogen were returned to healthy strawberry fruits at the same time for in vivo inhibition，and their antibacterial effects were evaluated.The analyses of morphological，physiological and biochemical characteristics，and 16S rDNA sequence comparison were performed to identify each antagonistic strain. The results showed that 34 bacterial isolates were isolated and purified from healthy strawberry plants.Among them，five strains with good antagonism performance to strawberry gray mold pathogen were screened through plate confrontation experiments，namely R09，R11，R14，R16 and R22.Their inhibition rates were 67.56%，70.67%，68.11%，65.22% and 63.33%，respectively. Through morphological observation，it was found that all five strains were bacilli with round and opaque colonies，with sizes ranging from 0.321—0.413 μm，0.379—0.582 μm，0.300—0.700 μm，0.500—1.000 μm，and 0.350—0.390 μm，respectively.Based on the morphological，physiological，biochemical，and molecular biological characteristics of each strain，the five endophytic bacteria were identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus，Bacillus siamensis，Bacillus vallismortis，Bacillus velezensis，Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.It was observed that the mycelial morphology of the pathogen in the confrontation area showed obvious deformities，bends，and swelling.The in vivo inhibition test showed that all five antagonistic bacteria had good inhibitory effects on the pathogen of strawberry gray mold，among which Bacillus siamensis had the best effect，the diameters of strawberry lesions was 66.17% smaller than those of CK（without antagoninsti bacteria）.This study expanded the strain resources for the biological control of strawberry gray mold and provided a reference for the production of biocontrol agents for strawberry diseases. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Evaluation and Index Screening of Salt‑Alkali Tolerance during the Seedling Stage of Cyperus esculentus LI Chunxin, ZHAI Yunru, WANG Shufeng, CHEN Xiangong, ZHENG Mei, WANG Meng, ZHANG Ge, WANG Huiwei, YUAN Tianyou Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 40-54.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.005 Abstract （310）      PDF （3227KB）（273）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the salt‑alkali tolerance characteristics of tiger nut（Cyperus esculentus） at the seedling stage and establish precise evaluation indicators and a relevant mathematical model，18 trait indices including germination rate，plant height，root length，root number，plant biomass，plant water content，chlorophyll content，superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity，and soluble protein content were measured for 66 tiger nut germplasm resources under 5 g/kg mixed salt‑alkali stress after 15 days of germination. Comprehensive analytical methods，including correlation analysis，principal component analysis（PCA），membership function，grey relational analysis，and stepwise regression analysis，were employed to assess the stress tolerance performance of different materials and establish an evaluation system.The results showed that the variation in salt‑alkali tolerance coefficients among different traits ranged from 9.79% to 58.57%，with the coefficient for root dry mass exhibiting the greatest variability and that for relative water content demonstrating the smallest variability. PCA transformed the 18 original indicators into six principal components，which cumulatively accounted for 86.783% of the total variance.Based on the comprehensive evaluation D‑value，the 66 germplasm resources were classified into five tolerance levels：extremely strong，strong，moderate，weak，and sensitive. Classification criteria were defined，identifying two germplasm resources with extremely strong tolerance and 12 salt‑sensitive germplasm resources.Cultivars Yu Yousha 2 and Yu Yousha 3 were both classified as strongly salt‑alkali tolerant materials. Using stepwise regression analysis，a mathematical model for evaluating salt‑alkali tolerance at the seedling stage was established.This model demonstrates that by measuring and calculating the salt‑alkali tolerance coefficients of total fresh weight，relative water content，root number，total chlorophyll content，plant height，and SOD activity，the D‑value can be estimated using the regression equation to assess the salt‑alkali tolerance of tiger nut germplasms at the seedling stage.This study provides essential materials，methodological support，and a robust evaluation framework for subsequent research on salt‑alkali stress tolerant mechanisms and breeding of tiger nut varieties. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Light Intensities on Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthetic Physiology of Four Basil Plants YANG Wen, ZHANG Jing, HE Weikai, ZHOU Xu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (5): 113-123.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.013 Abstract （310）      PDF （3147KB）（169）       Knowledge map    Save By using four types of basil plants，including large leaved basil，purple basil，clove basil，and lemon basil，the effects of different light intensities on leaf chlorophyll content，photosynthetic characteristics，chlorophyll fluorescence parameters，and antioxidant systems were studied by setting 100% full light（L100），85% light（L85），70% light（L70），55% light（L55），and 40% light（L40）.The results showed that with the decrease of light intensity，the plant height and biomass of the four basil plants showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing，reaching their maximum under L85 treatment；The content of chlorophyll a+b showed：large leaf basil>lemon basil>clove basil>purple basil，while chlorophyll a/b showed the opposite trend. As the light intensity decreased，the initial fluorescence（Fo）and maximum fluorescence（Fm）of the four basils showed an increasing trend，while the maximum photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm）and potential activity（Fv/Fo）of PS Ⅱ showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend. The maximum net photosynthetic rate（Pm）of the four types of basil also showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing，with larger increases in large leaf basil and lemon basil，both reaching their maximum values at L85，with an increase of 31.3% and 54.3% compared to L100.The apparent quantum efficiency（AQY）of four types of basil varied from 0.027 to 0.085 μmol/（m2·s）. The light compensation point（LCP）of large leaf basil and lemon basil was maximum at L100，while purple basil and clove basil were maximum at L85.The light saturation point（LSP）of all four types of basil was maximum at L85 and minimum at L40.Compared to L100，the LSP of the four types of basil increased by 41.9%，12.8%，26.1%，and 7.0% at L85，respectively. Four types of basil plants could enhance the activity of superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD），catalase（CAT）in the antioxidant system，as well as the content of antioxidants such as total phenols，flavonoids，and vitamin C to adapt to the light environment. However，full light and extreme weak light environments could inhibit the growth and development of the four types of basil plants. In this experiment，85% light was more favorable for the growth of basil plants. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment Effect of Antimicrobial Peptide LL‐1 on E.coli Infection in Vivo ZHOU Lingling, WANG Yuhang, SA Junmeng, MA Xiaoning, ZHANG Yuanchen, LIAN Kaiqi, CAO Jinling Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (5): 142-148.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.016 Abstract （309）      PDF （4137KB）（48）       Knowledge map    Save The aims are to evaluate the therapeutic effect of antimicrobial peptide LL‐1 on E.coli infected mice in vivo and lay a foundation for its clinical application.Firstly，the mice model of E.coli infection was established and the optimal infection dose was determined.Mice infected with E.coli were then treated with the antimicrobial peptide LL‐1 and enrofloxacin.The effect of the treatment in vivo was evaluated according to the survival rate of mice，blood routine parameter，organ index，E.coli bacterial load，etc.And the histological changes of mice organs were detected to analyze the influence of antimicrobial peptide LL‐1 on mice.The results showed that the optimal infection concentration for establishing a mouse model of E.coli infection was 108 cfu/mL.The survival rate of the mice in the positive control group（POS group）was 30%，while the treatment group mice with 80 mg/kg LL‐1（PEPJ group）reached 100%.Compared with the POS group，the liver index of the PEPJ group was extremely significantly increased，and the spleen index was significantly decreased，and the amount of E.coli in the spleen and lung were significantly decreased；Among the main parameters of blood routine in mice，the intermediate cell count of PEPJ group was significantly reduced；HE staining showed that LL‐1 significantly alleviated multi‐organ（liver，spleen，kidney，lung）lesions，inflammatory cell infiltration，and intestinal villus shedding induced by E.coli infection.And the overall therapeutic effect of 80 mg/kg LL‐1 on mice infected with E.coli was better than that of the treatment group with 200 mg/kg enrofloxacin.In conclusion，the antimicrobial peptide LL‐1 has a good effect against E.coli in mice，which lays a foundation for further study of the role and clinical application of the antimicrobial peptide in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Application Depth and Application Amount of Water Retaining Agent on Photosynthetic Characteristics，Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Maize LI Hua, CHEN Liang, DU Leichao, LIU Bin, ZHANG Shengyin, ZHANG Jinghui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (5): 10-22.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.002 Abstract （308）      PDF （1885KB）（86）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen the suitable application depth and application amount of water retaining agent for maize cultivation，with maize as material and the treatment without water retaining agent as control（CK），the effects of water retaining agent application depth［20 cm（D1）and 10 cm（D2）］and application amount［150 kg/ha（T1），210 kg/ha（T2），270 kg/ha（T3）and 330 kg/ha（T4）］on maize growth，photosynthetic characteristics，yield and water use efficiency were studied.The results showed that，for different water retaining agent application depth treatments，the plant height，leaf SPAD value，net photosynthetic rate（Pn），stomatal conductance（Gs），transpiration rate（Tr），ear length，ear diameter，row number per ear，grain number per row，1 000‐grain weight，yield，water use efficiency（WUE）and irrigation water use efficiency（IWUE） of D2 treatment were significantly higher than those of D1 treatment and CK，among which yield，WUE and IWUE increased by 31. 64%，31.20% and 31.58% compared with CK，respectively. Under D1 condition，the plant height，stem diameter，leaf length，leaf width，number of leaves，SPAD value，Pn，Gs，Tr，yield，WUE and IWUE all increased with the increase of application amount of water retaining agent，T4 treatment was the highest，and Ci gradually decreased；Under D2 condition，the plant height，stem diameter，leaf length，leaf width，number of leaves，SPAD value，Pn，Gs，Tr，yield，WUE and IWUE all increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of application amount of water retaining agent，T3 treatment was the highest，and Ci decreased firstly and then increased. For different treatment combinations，D2T3 treatment had the highest Pn，Gs，Tr，yield，WUE，IWUE and the lowest Ci，among which yield，WUE and IWUE significantly increased by 42.37%，41.88% and 42.46% compared with CK，followed by D2T4 treatment. By comprehensive consideration，the suitable application depth of water retaining agent for maize was 10 cm，and the suitable application amount was 270 kg/ha. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification，Biological Characterization and Screening of Prevention and Control Agents of the Pathogens Causing the Rot Disease of Malus×robusta（CarriŠre）Rehder DU Chenyang, SHEN Fengying, WU Junwei, ZHAO Xinrui, WANG Xue, WU Weigang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 99-109.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.011 Abstract （306）      PDF （3645KB）（50）       Knowledge map    Save By using Malus×robusta（CarriŠre）Rehd as the test material，the pathogenic fungi were isolated using tissue isolation method，and their pathogenicity was determined according to Koch’s postulates.The morphological characteristics of the pathogenic fungi and rDNA⁃ITS sequence analysis were combined to identify the types of pathogenic fungi，their biological characteristics were investigated，and through indoor toxicity tests，the most virulent chemical fungicides were selected against the pathogenic fungi of Malus×robusta rot disease，in order to provide reference basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of Malus×robusta rot disease. The results showed that the two strains of pathogenic fungi HL⁃23 and HL⁃100 isolated from Malus×robusta suffering from canker were both Valsa mali.The biological characteristics of strains HL⁃23 and HL⁃100 were analyzed by measuring the colony diameter via the cross⁃method.The results showed that strains HL⁃23 and HL⁃100 were most suitable for cultivation on PDA medium.The optimal pH value for mycelial growth was 5.0，and the optimal temperature was 25—30 ℃.They were suitable for growth under 12 hours of light and dark alternation conditions，the optimal carbon source was sucrose，and the most suitable nitrogen source was ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.The toxicity of nine commonly used chemical fungicides，such as difenoconazole and azoxystrobin，against the pathogenic fungi HL⁃23 and HL⁃100 of Malus×robusta rot disease was determined through indoor plate experiments. It was found that the inhibition rates of nine fungicides on the same type of fungal strains HL⁃23 and HL⁃100 were significantly different.The best inhibition effect was difenoconazole，with EC50 values of 0.010 9—0.0110 mg/L；The second was azoxystrobin，with EC50 values of 0.015 8—0.018 1 mg/L. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Rice in Southern Mountainous Area Based on Object‐Oriented and Machine Learning Methods WANG Yingying, DUAN Liangxia, ZHAO Yining, SUN Guangrui, YANG Lihong, ZHOU Qing, XIE Hongxia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (4): 144-154.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.015 Abstract （303）      PDF （4318KB）（287）       Knowledge map    Save The phenology information of rice varies with terrain.In view of the cloudy and rainy conditions and complex terrain in the southern mountainous areas，it is of certain research value to find a remote sensing identification method for rice. With Yongshun County，a typical mountainous terrain in Hunan Province，as the research area，combined with Sentinel‐1 SAR and Sentinel‐2 MSI data，the time series curve was generated by the images of four key phenology periods of rice to grasp the growth trend of rice.Firstly，the object‐oriented method was used to segment the images of transplanting period and harvesting period；secondly，the feature variables optimized by the feature space optimization algorithm（FSO）were input into four models for classification such as random forest（RF）；finally，the results were compared. Otherwise，according to the transplanting order，the rice samples were divided into early moving and late moving samples，the images of transplanting period and harvesting period were reclassified to explore the influence of rice transplanting time on the classification of the two images.The results showed that，compared to imagery from the transplanting stage，imagery from the harvesting stage offered better classification accuracy and was more suitable for rice mapping.The object‐oriented FSO‐RF model achieved the best classification results for imagery during the harvest period，with an overall accuracy of 93.19% and a kappa coefficient of 0. 901. The time of rice transplanting had little effect on the image classification at harvest stage，but had a great influence on the image classification at transplanting stage. The reason was that the earliest transplanted rice was easy to be similar to the spectral characteristics and texture characteristics of some dry land crops and woodlands，and there was a phenomenon of confusion and mis‐classification. In order to improve the recognition accuracy of the image during the transplanting period，it is necessary to improve the time resolution of the image，add more texture features or mask the ground objects. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Application Rate and Method of Nitrogen on Winter Wheat Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization，Yield and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Residue under Wide‑Narrow Row Planting MA Shangying, XIA Tingting, HAN Pengbin, ZHANG Mengjiao, MAO Yingjie, WANG Zhiqiang, XIN Zeyu, LIN Tongbao, LIAN Yanhao, REN Yongzhe Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (8): 38-50.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.004 Abstract （301）      PDF （23639KB）（51）       Knowledge map    Save Aikang 58（AK58）and Yunong 908（YN908）were used as experimental materials to study the effects of nitrogen application rates［120 kg/ha（N120），180 kg/ha（N180）and 240 kg/ha（N240）］and application methods ［strip application（R） and broadcast application（S）］ on the winter wheat aboveground dry matter accumulation，nitrogen absorption and utilization，yield and soil nitrate nitrogen residue under wide‑narrow row（30 cm ‑15 cm ‑15 cm）planting，so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for further optimizing the wheat‑maize double cropping management system and the annual nitrogen reduction and efficient green fertilization strategy in the Huang‑Huai‑Hai region.The results showed that the aboveground dry matter accumulation，nitrogen accumulation and pre‑anthesis nitrogen transport amount of AK58 and YN908 generally increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Under the conditions of N120 and N180，compared with S treatment，the aboveground dry matter accumulation at mature stage of R treatment significantly increased by 10.56%，5.96% and 6.21%，5.25%，respectively；the nitrogen accumulation in panicle at mature stage significantly increased by 4.46%，7.41% and 14.21%，9.94%，respectively；the pre‑anthesis nitrogen transport amount significantly increased by 10.11%，12.23% and 11.87%，12.21%，respectively.The nitrogen harvest index，partial factor productivity and agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of AK58 and YN908 generally decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Compared with S treatment，R treatment increased the nitrogen use efficiency，partial factor productivity and agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of AK58 and YN908，and the nitrogen use efficiency reached the maximum under N180R treatment.The grain yield of AK58 increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate，and the grain yield of YN908 increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Compared with S treatment，R treatment significantly increased the grain yield of AK58 under N120 and N180 conditions and YN908 under N120 condition，with the increase of 10.83%，6.06% and 15.59% respectively.AK58 reached the maximum yield under N180R treatment，and YN908 reached the maximum yield under N240R treatment. The nitrate nitrogen residue in soil gradually increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rate. Compared with S treatment，R treatment increased the nitrate nitrogen residue in surface soil in wide row area（maize planting area）at mature stage of winter wheat.The nitrate nitrogen residue in 0—40 cm soil layer（maize root layer）of N180 treatment was 55.95 kg/ha，which was the best matching with the nitrogen demand of subsequent maize at seedling stage.In summary，under the wide‑narrow row planting，the combination of nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/ha and strip application is a cultivation measure for winter wheat to save nitrogen，stabilize yield and improve efficiency in this study area. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Combined Application of Boron，Zinc，and Magnesium Fertilizers on Growth，Yield and Quality of Stevia rebaudiana YANG Chunyin, MA Fengjie, XIE Zhongqing, ZHANG Yaping Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (6): 30-42.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.06.004 Abstract （300）      PDF （2904KB）（132）       Knowledge map    Save Boron，zinc and magnesium fertilizers were selected for compounding，and 16 fertilization treatments were set up to analyze the effects of different treatments on agronomic traits，physiological indexes，glycoside content and yield of Stevia rebaudiana，which would provide scientific basis for spraying medium and micro fertilizers on Stevia rebaudiana leaves in Hexi area.The results showed that T7 treatment（the application amount of boron，zinc and magnesium fertilizers were 7.5，7.5，22.5 kg/ha，respectively）had the highest plant height and the largest number of branches，which were 21.2% and 92.5% higher than those of T16 treatment（control，without boron，zinc and magnesium fertilizers）.In terms of biomass，the stem fresh weight of T4 treatment（the application amount of boron，zinc and magnesium fertilizers were 22.5，7.5 and 7.5 kg/ha，respectively）was the largest，which was 116.4% higher than that of the control.The fresh weight and dry weight of leaves treated with T7 were the highest，which increased by 139.6% and 125.1%，respectively，compared with the control.In terms of physiological indexes，the total chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity of T8 treatment（the application rates of boron，zinc and magnesium fertilizers were 7.5，7.5 and 7.5 kg/ha，respectively）were the highest，which were 18. 3% and 15.7% higher than those of the control.In terms of glycoside accumulation，the content of rebaudioside A（RA）in T5 treatment（7.5，22.5，22.5 kg/ha of boron，zinc and magnesium fertilizers，respectively）was the highest，which was 26.2% higher than that of the control. The content of stevioside（Stv） in T2 treatment（boron，zinc，magnesium fertilizer application rates were 22.5，22.5，7.5 kg/ha）was the highest，which was 223.2% higher than that of the control. The total glycoside content of T8 treatment was the highest，which increased by 29.6% compared with the control. T7 treatment achieved synergistic high yield of RA（83.13 g/kg）and Stv（34.20 g/kg）.The yield of T7 treatment reached 11 788.5 kg/ha，which was 125.1% higher than that of the control.Correlation analysis showed that RA content was significantly positively correlated with total chlorophyll content and SOD activity. Stv content was significantly negatively correlated with total chlorophyll content and SOD activity. There was a significant negative correlation between the content of total glycosides and SOD activity. Soluble protein content was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with total chlorophyll content，SOD activity and peroxidase（POD）activity. There was a significant positive correlation between soluble sugar content and POD activity. Analysis of variance showed that zinc fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer had extremely significant effects on RA and Stv contents，boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer had extremely significant effects on plant height，and magnesium fertilizer had extremely significant effects on total chlorophyll content.Through the comprehensive evaluation of the membership function method，it was concluded that the T7 treatment effect was the best，that was，when the application rates of boron，zinc and magnesium fertilizers were 7.5，7.5 and 22.5 kg/ha respectively，it was most conducive to promoting the growth and quality promotion of Stevia rebaudiana. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characterisation of the NtHPL Genes and Their Expression Pattern under TMV Stress in Tobacco WANG Mingxin, LIU Lei, DENG Zhaolong, WANG Haoyang, LIU Pengfei, JIN Weihuan, LI Junying, GUO Hongxiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (4): 47-56.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.005 Abstract （300）      PDF （6039KB）（87）       Knowledge map    Save Hydroperoxide lyase（HPL）is a key enzyme in the catalytic fatty acid oxidation pathway and belongs to the cytochrome P450（CytP450）superfamily. HPL plays an essential role in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses，contributing significantly to the regulation of stress tolerance.In this study，the NtHPL gene family in tobacco was identified using genomic data and comprehensively analyzed for their physicochemical properties，protein structures，conserved motifs，and response patterns to tobacco mosaic virus（TMV）.The results indicated that nine NtHPL family members were identified，distributed across eight chromosomes，and classified into three subclasses：B，C，and D.The amino acid lengths of these members ranged from 437 to 527 residues，with theoretical isoelectric points（pI）varying between 5.84 and 9.15.Subcellular localization predictions suggested that these proteins were primarily localized in chloroplasts and cytoplasm.Expression analysis revealed that upon TMV infection，five NtHPL genes were upregulated，one was downregulated，and three exhibited no significant differential expression in tobacco leaves. Overexpression of NtHPL1 enhanced tobacco resistance to TMV，as demonstrated by experimental evidence.These findings collectively suggest that NtHPL may be involved in the regulatory mechanisms underlying tobacco defense against TMV. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics