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Research Progress of Porcine Getah Virus ZHANG Yuyang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 15-22.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.002 Abstract （1585）      PDF （1296KB）（1779）       Knowledge map    Save Getah Virus（GETV） is an emerging insect‑borne pathogen that has caused reproductive disorders in pigs and high mortality in piglets in many countries in recent years，posing a major threat to global animal husbandry and public health. This virus is primarily transmitted by mosquito bites，which can cause widespread infection in pigs and significantly affect reproductive performance and health.In response to the spread of the epidemic，it is urgent to conduct research on genomic characterization and molecular evolution to guide vaccine design and optimize prevention and control strategies.At the same time，it is necessary to clarify the law of GETV transmission through epidemiological investigation and analyze the pathogenic mechanism in order to provide theoretical support for epidemic prevention and control.In addition，improving the accuracy and timeliness of early diagnosis has become a key link in prevention and control.In view of the critical role of early diagnosis in epidemic prevention and control，based on the latest research results，the pathogenic characteristics，epidemiological characteristics，pathogenic mechanism，diagnostic techniques and prevention and control strategies of GETV were systematically discussed，aiming to provide theoretical support for clinical prevention and control，and provide scientific basis for vaccine development，diagnostic technology innovation and prevention and control policy formulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing System in Wheat Breeding CHEN Yanyan1, ZHAO Mingzhong1, LI Yan1, 2, HUA Xia1, FANG Yuhui1, 2, GONG Chen1, QI Xueli1, 2 Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.001 Abstract （809）      PDF （1381KB）（180）       Knowledge map    Save Wheat is a crucial cereal crop，and the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system provides a powerful tool for wheat breeding. The principle of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system was elaborated，its applications in enhancing wheat yield related traits，improving grain quality，increasing stress resistance（biotic and abiotic stresses），and accelerating the breeding process were reviewed，and the current challenges and future prospects were explored，providing a theoretical foundation for molecular breeding of wheat. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Application in Livestock，Poultry and Aquaculture Production of Bacillus subtilis and Its Effect on  Intestinal Health of Animals FENG Lili Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.001 Abstract （705）      PDF （1361KB）（2404）       Knowledge map    Save Bacillus subtilis can form spores，has strong resistance and good stability，and has several advantages compared with conventional probiotics.Bacillus subtilis can be used as a microecological agent in livestock，poultry and aquaculture production，and has positive impact on animal production performance via improvement of digestion and absorption.Bacillus subtilis can improve meat quality，enhance immunity and regulate intestinal health.The biological characteristics of Bacillus subtilis，the application in livestock，poultry and aquaculture production and the impact on intestinal health were reviewed in this paper，so as to provide reference for further development and utilization of Bacillus subtilis microecologics for feeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and Application of Chitosan Coatings in Fruits and Vegetables Storage and Preservation LIU Chenghong, ZHANG Shun, HUANG Wen, ZHANG Xiaoyan, YANG Hailong, FU Shiyu, ZHAN Lijuan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.001 Abstract （691）      PDF （1976KB）（487）       Knowledge map    Save Fresh fruits and vegetables，due to their high water content and vigorous respiratory metabolism，are highly prone to quality decline and spoilage after harvest.As the world’s largest producer and consumer of fruits and vegetables，China has a persistently high post‑harvest loss rate of fruits and vegetables.The development of efficient and safe preservation technology has become an urgent need for the industry.Coating preservation technology is a new food preservation method，which can effectively maintain the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables and extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables.Chitosan，as a natural biopolymer，is regarded as the most promising preservation coating material due to its wide source，degradability and biosafety，as well as excellent film forming property，antibacterial activity and biocompatibility.A systematic review is conducted on the basic characteristics of chitosan and the preparation methods of coatings.The research and application of chitosan coatings in the field of fruit and vegetable preservation are described in detail.The preservation effect of chitosan coatings on fruits and vegetables is discussed from the perspectives of appearance quality，nutrients，flavor substances and shelf life，and mechanism of preservation and the key factors affecting the preservation efficiency are summarized.Finally，the preservative chitosan coating technical bottlenecks and future development directions are pointed out，with the expectation of providing theoretical references for the in‑depth research and industrial application of this technology. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Resistance to Southern Corn Rust and Detection of Resistance Genes in New Summer Corn Varieties in Henan Province WANG Ziming, ZHANG Yuyang, WANG Ziqi, FAN Zhuo, YUAN Hongxia, YANG Xue, LI Honglian, SHI Yan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 107-115.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.011 Abstract （578）      PDF （631KB）（1317）       Knowledge map    Save Southern corn rust resistance of corn varieties participating in regional trials and introduced variety registration trials in Henan Province from 2021 to 2024 was evaluated using a combination of field nurseries and artificial inoculation. Additionally，resistance gene detection was conducted on varieties exhibiting moderate resistance or higher levels in 2023 and 2024，to determine the resistance status of newly bred corn varieties to southern corn rust，and provide a  theoretical basis for breeding and promoting resistant corn cultivars.The results showed that 134，121，87，and 119 corn varieties were tested in the Henan regional trials from 2021 to 2024，respectively.Among them，the proportions of varieties showing moderate or higher resistance to southern corn rust were 36.57%，92.57%，57.47%，and 86.55%，respectively.For the introduced variety registration trials，68，82，43，and 14 corn varieties were tested，and the proportions of varieties showing moderate or higher resistance to southern corn rust were 32.35%，95.12%，51.16%，and 71.43%，respectively，demonstrating a generally consistent trend.However，there were notable year‑to‑year variations in the proportion of resistant and susceptible varieties.In years with southern corn rust epidemics，such as 2021 and 2023，the proportion of resistant varieties was relatively lower.In 2023，resistance genes were detected in varieties showing moderate resistance or higher levels.The results showed that 48.61% of these varieties carried the resistance gene RppC，while RppM was not detected in any of the tested varieties.Furthermore，51.39% of the varieties lacked both RppC and RppM.In 2024，detection of RppC，RppM，and RppK genes in varieties showing moderate resistance or higher levels was conducted.The results showed that RppC had the highest detection ratio of 92.92%，followed by RppK and RppM with the detection ratio of 21.24% and 20.35%，respectively.However，three varieties tested were negative for all three resistance genes.In conclusion，a relatively high proportion of corn varieties evaluated in recent years in Henan Province exhibited resistance to southern corn rust，with an overall increasing trend.The resistance gene RppC continues to play a key role in corn production，while RppK and RppM are beginning to be applied in southern corn rust‑resistant breeding.Further exploration and utilization of additional resistance genes are still needed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Current Status and Research Progress on the Resource Utilization of Spent Mushroom Substrate in Edible Fungi Cultivation ZHANG Chaohui, LIU Yang, ZHANG Guang, WANG Zhenhe, QIU Liyou Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 1-14.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.001 Abstract （542）      PDF （5411KB）（1110）       Knowledge map    Save Edible fungi cultivation is the fifth‑largest planting industry in China and an important pillar for rural revitalization.When the edible fungi industry is developing rapidly，a large amount of spent mushroom substrate（SMS）is generated.A lot of SMS is casually discarded or incinerated，resulting in serious environmental pollution and resource waste.Therefore，the issue of the resource‑based utilization of SMS has received widespread attention.Based on the analysis of the source，physical and chemical properties，and nutritional components of SMS，this paper comprehensively reviews the current situation and research progress of the resource‑based utilization of SMS.This includes SMS being used as energy materials，for the production of bio‑fertilizers，for improving the soil environment，for the extraction of bioactive substances，and for the manufacture of composite materials，etc.It also points out the existing problems in the utilization of SMS.Combining with the development status of the edible fungi industry，this paper looks ahead to the comprehensive utilization of SMS，aiming to increase the utilization rate of SMS and promote the sustainable development of the edible fungi industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Preceding Crops on Dry Matter Accumulation and Transportation，Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization and Yield of Winter Wheat WANG Haiyang, JIN Haiyang, SONG Hang, PAN Xiuyan, YAN Yaqian, YANG Xiwen, ZENG Zhaohai, ZANG Huadong, ZHENG Nian, LI Xiangdong, HE Dexian Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (6): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.06.001 Abstract （430）      PDF （1524KB）（213）       Knowledge map    Save Five cropping patterns were established，including winter wheat—summer maize，winter wheat—summer peanut，winter wheat—summer soybean，winter wheat—summer maize intercropping with summer peanut，and winter wheat—summer maize intercropping with summer soybean，and the effects of different preceding crops on dry matter accumulation and transportation，nitrogen uptake and utilization，and yield of winter wheat were studied，so as to identify optimal rotation pattern for enhancing wheat yield and provide theoretical support for diversified cropping pattern selection in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain. The results showed that under the summer soybean stubble，winter wheat exhibited the highest dry matter accumulation and nitrogen absorption at different growth stages overall.At maturity，dry matter accumulation under summer soybean stubble significantly increased by 15.2%，5.0%，13.3% and 8.4% compared with summer maize，summer peanut，summer maize intercropping with summer peanut，and summer maize intercropping with summer soybean stubbles，respectively；Nitrogen absorption increased by 11.3%，2.3%，13.6% and 14.5%，respectively.Compared with summer maize，summer peanut，summer maize intercropping with summer peanut，and summer maize intercropping with summer soybean stubbles，the pre‐anthesis dry matter transport amount under summer soybean stubble significantly increased by 25.4%，18.6%，37.6% and 16.4%，the pre‐anthesis transport rate increased by 7.0%，9.6%，14.3% and 5.6%，while the contribution rate of pre‐anthesis dry matter transport to grain yield increased by 8.5%，12.8%，23.6% and 7.3%，respectively.The pre‐anthesis nitrogen transport rate，contribution rate of pre‐anthesis nitrogen transport to grain nitrogen，and post‐anthesis nitrogen accumulation were higher.The nitrogen absorption efficiency was the highest，with increases of 11.3%，7.1%，15.2% and 15.9%.The nitrogen utilization efficiency was the highest under summer maize intercropping with soybean stubble，followed by summer soybean stubble，with no significant difference between them but both significantly higher than the other treatments.Under summer soybean stubble，wheat spikes number increased by 20.5%，5.9%，20.0% and 16.0%，while yield significantly increased by 16.0%，11.9%，15.9% and 5.8%，respectively，compared with summer maize，summer peanut，summer maize intercropping with summer peanut，and summer maize intercropping with summer soybean stubbles.In conclusion，summer soybean stubble promotes aboveground biomass production and nitrogen absorption of winter wheat，enhances spike number，and increases yield，so the winter wheat—summer soybean pattern was the optimal cropping system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome‑wide Association Analysis and Candidate Gene Prediction for Rice Drought Tolerance at Seedling Stage HUANG Shipeng, HE Huqiang, LI Guangzhao, CHEN Chuanxin, ZHONG Tuo, XIE Jianbo, ZHOU Xiangwan, WANG Dan, XIAO Yinghui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 12-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.002 Abstract （409）      PDF （6475KB）（551）       Knowledge map    Save Taking 355 rice germplasms from RDP‑Ⅱ as materials，taking the yellow leaf rate after re‑watering as the drought tolerance evaluation index，combined with the population genotype data，genome‑wide association analysis（GWAS）was carried out，and the candidate genes related to drought tolerance were analyzed，so as to provide excellent germplasm resources and gene resources for the breeding of drought tolerant rice.The results showed that in RDP‑Ⅱ population，the yellow leaf rate of tropical japonica rice was the lowest，and that of Osbeck rice was the highest；Seventeen SNP loci related to drought tolerance were identified by GWAS，and distributed on chromosomes 1，2，3，6，7，8，11 and 12 of rice.Candidate genes were predicted in the 10 kb region near the peak SNP，and 33 candidate genes related to drought tolerance were screened，mainly including genes encoding protein kinases，transposon proteins，etc.Based on gene function annotation，8 candidate genes were selected for gene expression analysis in drought tolerant germplasm and drought intolerant germplasm，and OsCTFdt and OsPEX1 genes with significant difference in expression level were identified，which positively and negatively regulated the drought tolerance of rice at seedling stage，respectively.OsCTFdt and OsPEX1 genes had 4 haplotypes respectively，and the yellow leaf rate of the dominant haplotype was significantly lower than that of other haplotypes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Process Optimization of Microbe‐Enzyme Synergy Fermentation of Low‐grade Tobacco Leaves and Impact on Aroma Components LIU Yuanshang, WU Pan, ZHAO Yifan, DONG Lu, QU Lili, TIAN Shu, XU Chunping Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 159-170.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.017 Abstract （402）      PDF （7092KB）（157）       Knowledge map    Save To improve the quality and usability of low‐grade tobacco leaves，aroma‐producing yeast（Y8‐12）and different biological enzyme preparations were used to co‐ferment low‐grade tobacco leaves，and the best combination of microbe‐enzyme preparations that could significantly improve the quality of tobacco leaves was screened.Subsequently，based on the degree of quality improvement，fermentation parameters were systematically optimized using single factor experiments combined with response surface methodology.Finally，changes in chemical composition and sensory quality before and after fermentation under optimal conditions were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that different biological enzyme preparations combined with aroma‐producing yeast fermentation could effectively improve the quality of tobacco leaves.Among them，the G4 group composed of cellulase+pectinase+hemicellulase+lipase+aroma‐producing yeast had the most obvious improvement effect，its quality improvement degree reached 0.94，and the content of total volatile aroma components increased to 197.57 μg/g.Through the response surface optimization combined with the actual production operation，the optimum process conditions were determined as follows：Fermentation time 4 d，fermaentation temperature 37 ℃，enzyme addition 0.4%.Under these conditions，the quality improvement degree increased to 1.15.After fermentation，the reducing sugar，chlorine and total sugar contents increased by 18.28%，-13.33% and 9.62%，respectively.The content of characteristic aroma substances such as phenylethanol，4‐oxo‐isophorone， geranylacetone，megastigmatrienone and phenethyl acetate were increased significantly.In summary，microbe‐enzyme synergistic fermentation under suitable conditions offers a rapid and effective strategy for improving low‐grade tobacco leaves and provides a reference for microbial applications in the tobacco industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment Effect of Antimicrobial Peptide LL‐1 on E.coli Infection in Vivo ZHOU Lingling, WANG Yuhang, SA Junmeng, MA Xiaoning, ZHANG Yuanchen, LIAN Kaiqi, CAO Jinling Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (5): 142-148.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.016 Abstract （396）      PDF （4137KB）（68）       Knowledge map    Save The aims are to evaluate the therapeutic effect of antimicrobial peptide LL‐1 on E.coli infected mice in vivo and lay a foundation for its clinical application.Firstly，the mice model of E.coli infection was established and the optimal infection dose was determined.Mice infected with E.coli were then treated with the antimicrobial peptide LL‐1 and enrofloxacin.The effect of the treatment in vivo was evaluated according to the survival rate of mice，blood routine parameter，organ index，E.coli bacterial load，etc.And the histological changes of mice organs were detected to analyze the influence of antimicrobial peptide LL‐1 on mice.The results showed that the optimal infection concentration for establishing a mouse model of E.coli infection was 108 cfu/mL.The survival rate of the mice in the positive control group（POS group）was 30%，while the treatment group mice with 80 mg/kg LL‐1（PEPJ group）reached 100%.Compared with the POS group，the liver index of the PEPJ group was extremely significantly increased，and the spleen index was significantly decreased，and the amount of E.coli in the spleen and lung were significantly decreased；Among the main parameters of blood routine in mice，the intermediate cell count of PEPJ group was significantly reduced；HE staining showed that LL‐1 significantly alleviated multi‐organ（liver，spleen，kidney，lung）lesions，inflammatory cell infiltration，and intestinal villus shedding induced by E.coli infection.And the overall therapeutic effect of 80 mg/kg LL‐1 on mice infected with E.coli was better than that of the treatment group with 200 mg/kg enrofloxacin.In conclusion，the antimicrobial peptide LL‐1 has a good effect against E.coli in mice，which lays a foundation for further study of the role and clinical application of the antimicrobial peptide in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on County‑Level Yield Simulation of Winter Wheat in Henan Province Based on Machine Learning Algorithms LIU Xinglin, LIU Yuan, YANG Fan, LIU Buchun, HAN Rui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (8): 167-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.017 Abstract （391）      PDF （16397KB）（53）       Knowledge map    Save Henan is a major province for winter wheat cultivation，and simulating winter wheat yield is of great significance for ensuring national food security. This study analyzed the performance of machine learning models in winter wheat yield simulation using ten‑day scale meteorological data and county‑level winter wheat yield data from 16 counties（cities）in Henan Province from 2000 to 2019.The dataset was divided into a test set（2000—2015） and a training set（2016—2019）.Based on multiple stepwise regression，random forest，and random forest OOB methods，county‑level yield simulation models for winter wheat in Henan Province were constructed，and the simulation effects of different models were verified and compared. The results showed that，from 2000 to 2019，the winter wheat yield in Henan Province fluctuated between 2 001 and 7 980 kg/ha，with an average of 5 675 kg/ha and a coefficient of variation ranging from 3.75% to 26.58%.A multiple stepwise regression model was constructed based on 19 ten‑day scale meteorological factors that passed the 95% significance test.The multiple stepwise regression model was validated with a determination coefficient（R2）of 0.620 9 and a root mean square error（RMSE）of 907.06 kg/ha；The random forest model constructed using all the characteristic factors was validated with the R2 of 0.772 5，and the RMSE of 664.36 kg/ha.A total of 68 key ten‑day scale meteorological characteristic factors were screened based on random forest OOB importance analysis，among which，the ten‑day scale meteorological factors in November last year，March，April and June had particularly significant impacts on winter wheat yield.The validation determination coefficient of the random forest OOB model for simulating county‑level winter wheat yield was 0.860 5，and the RMSE was 636.58 kg/ha.The random forest OOB model performed better than the multiple stepwise regression model and the random forest model，with R2 increased by 38.59% and 11.39%，respectively，and RMSE decreased by 29.82% and 4.18%，respectively.This study utilized limited meteorological data and county‑level yield data to achieve reliable and accurate winter wheat yield simulation，providing a methodological reference for regional winter wheat yield simulation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Combined Application of Boron，Zinc，and Magnesium Fertilizers on Growth，Yield and Quality of Stevia rebaudiana YANG Chunyin, MA Fengjie, XIE Zhongqing, ZHANG Yaping Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (6): 30-42.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.06.004 Abstract （389）      PDF （2904KB）（140）       Knowledge map    Save Boron，zinc and magnesium fertilizers were selected for compounding，and 16 fertilization treatments were set up to analyze the effects of different treatments on agronomic traits，physiological indexes，glycoside content and yield of Stevia rebaudiana，which would provide scientific basis for spraying medium and micro fertilizers on Stevia rebaudiana leaves in Hexi area.The results showed that T7 treatment（the application amount of boron，zinc and magnesium fertilizers were 7.5，7.5，22.5 kg/ha，respectively）had the highest plant height and the largest number of branches，which were 21.2% and 92.5% higher than those of T16 treatment（control，without boron，zinc and magnesium fertilizers）.In terms of biomass，the stem fresh weight of T4 treatment（the application amount of boron，zinc and magnesium fertilizers were 22.5，7.5 and 7.5 kg/ha，respectively）was the largest，which was 116.4% higher than that of the control.The fresh weight and dry weight of leaves treated with T7 were the highest，which increased by 139.6% and 125.1%，respectively，compared with the control.In terms of physiological indexes，the total chlorophyll content and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity of T8 treatment（the application rates of boron，zinc and magnesium fertilizers were 7.5，7.5 and 7.5 kg/ha，respectively）were the highest，which were 18. 3% and 15.7% higher than those of the control.In terms of glycoside accumulation，the content of rebaudioside A（RA）in T5 treatment（7.5，22.5，22.5 kg/ha of boron，zinc and magnesium fertilizers，respectively）was the highest，which was 26.2% higher than that of the control. The content of stevioside（Stv） in T2 treatment（boron，zinc，magnesium fertilizer application rates were 22.5，22.5，7.5 kg/ha）was the highest，which was 223.2% higher than that of the control. The total glycoside content of T8 treatment was the highest，which increased by 29.6% compared with the control. T7 treatment achieved synergistic high yield of RA（83.13 g/kg）and Stv（34.20 g/kg）.The yield of T7 treatment reached 11 788.5 kg/ha，which was 125.1% higher than that of the control.Correlation analysis showed that RA content was significantly positively correlated with total chlorophyll content and SOD activity. Stv content was significantly negatively correlated with total chlorophyll content and SOD activity. There was a significant negative correlation between the content of total glycosides and SOD activity. Soluble protein content was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with total chlorophyll content，SOD activity and peroxidase（POD）activity. There was a significant positive correlation between soluble sugar content and POD activity. Analysis of variance showed that zinc fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer had extremely significant effects on RA and Stv contents，boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer had extremely significant effects on plant height，and magnesium fertilizer had extremely significant effects on total chlorophyll content.Through the comprehensive evaluation of the membership function method，it was concluded that the T7 treatment effect was the best，that was，when the application rates of boron，zinc and magnesium fertilizers were 7.5，7.5 and 22.5 kg/ha respectively，it was most conducive to promoting the growth and quality promotion of Stevia rebaudiana. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation and Identification of Antagonistic Endophytic Bacteria against Strawberry Gray Mold and Their Antibacterial Effects MA Li, GUO Xueliang, YAO Hongyu, LIU Haobin, XING Xiaolong, ZHU Chunhua, QI Hongzhi, LI Xianwei, YU Dongdong, ZHANG Li, LI Chengwei, PEI Dongli, WANG Fang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (6): 100-109.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.06.011 Abstract （386）      PDF （3001KB）（118）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen antagonistic strains of strawberry gray mold pathogens and provide strain resources for the biological control of strawberry gray mold，the endophytic bacteria with inhibitory effect on strawberry Botrytis cinerea were isolated and screened from healthy strawberry plants by plate confrontation method，the effect of antagonistic strains on the mycelial growth of the pathogen was observed by light microscope，and the antagonistic bacteria and gray mold pathogen were returned to healthy strawberry fruits at the same time for in vivo inhibition，and their antibacterial effects were evaluated.The analyses of morphological，physiological and biochemical characteristics，and 16S rDNA sequence comparison were performed to identify each antagonistic strain. The results showed that 34 bacterial isolates were isolated and purified from healthy strawberry plants.Among them，five strains with good antagonism performance to strawberry gray mold pathogen were screened through plate confrontation experiments，namely R09，R11，R14，R16 and R22.Their inhibition rates were 67.56%，70.67%，68.11%，65.22% and 63.33%，respectively. Through morphological observation，it was found that all five strains were bacilli with round and opaque colonies，with sizes ranging from 0.321—0.413 μm，0.379—0.582 μm，0.300—0.700 μm，0.500—1.000 μm，and 0.350—0.390 μm，respectively.Based on the morphological，physiological，biochemical，and molecular biological characteristics of each strain，the five endophytic bacteria were identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus，Bacillus siamensis，Bacillus vallismortis，Bacillus velezensis，Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.It was observed that the mycelial morphology of the pathogen in the confrontation area showed obvious deformities，bends，and swelling.The in vivo inhibition test showed that all five antagonistic bacteria had good inhibitory effects on the pathogen of strawberry gray mold，among which Bacillus siamensis had the best effect，the diameters of strawberry lesions was 66.17% smaller than those of CK（without antagoninsti bacteria）.This study expanded the strain resources for the biological control of strawberry gray mold and provided a reference for the production of biocontrol agents for strawberry diseases. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of Fish Community Structure in Qianxia Lake CHEN Huan, LIAN Qingping, MENG Zhou, GUO Aihuan, SHENG Pengcheng, CHEN Guangmei, YUAN Julin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 141-149.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.015 Abstract （385）      PDF （2227KB）（168）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the characteristics of fish community structure in Qianxia Lake，a two‐year survey was conducted from 2022 to 2023，with sampling performed once in March，July，October，and December of each year，resulting in a total of eight sampling events. The results showed that a total of 40 fish species were collected and identified，belonging to 3 orders，9 families，and 31 genera.Among them，Cypriniformes accounted for the highest proportion（30 species，75%）.Ecological type analysis indicated that sedentary（92.50%），omnivorous（50%），and bottom‐dwelling fish（42.5%）were the main ecological groups.Community structure analysis identified six dominant species：Hemiculter leucisculus，Sinibrama macrops，Xenocypris microlepis，Coptodon zillii，Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Culter alburnus.The results of Margalef species richness index and Shannon‐Wiener diversity index in biodiversity indexes showed that 2023 was higher than 2022.The results of catch per unit fishing effort showed that the average catch number per unit fishing effort and catch biomass per unit fishing effort in 2023 were higher than those in 2022，and the peak of catch number per unit fishing effort and catch biomass per unit fishing effort appeared in July 2023，with values of 8.32 ind（/m²·d）and 1 131.88 g（/m²·d），respectively.The abundance‐biomass comparison curve（W2=0.037）indicated that the water body was in a moderately disturbed state.In summary，the construction of the Qianxia Lake Reservoir has changed the original fish resources situation. At the same time，the increase in the number of alien species and the risk of fish miniaturization may have a negative impact on the indigenous fish in the water area. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Artemisia argyi Powder on Growth Performance，Nutrient Apparent Digestibility，Antioxidant Function and Fecal Microbial Population in Fattening Pigs KU Chaofeng, WANG Xianwei, LÜ Lingyan, ZHANG Jiaqing, LIU Yang, SONG Weiyi, ZHANG Junxia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 141-148.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.015 Abstract （383）      PDF （1265KB）（74）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the effects of Artemisia argyi powder on production performance，nutrient apparent digestibility，antioxidant function and the number of fecal microorganisms of fattening pigs，48“Changbai×Dabai”binary fattening pigs with body weight of 50.0 kg were randomly divided into 4 groups：the control group was fed with basal diet only；the experimental groups were added with 2%，4% and 6% Artemisia argyi powder，which were recorded as AAP‑1 group，AAP‑2 group and AAP‑3 group，respectively.The feeding experiment was conducted from May to July 2024，and the indexes were measured after the end. The results showed that in terms of groduction performance，the final weight of the AAP‑2 group and the average daily gain of the three experimental groups were significantly improved.The final weight and average daily gain of the AAP‑2 group were 10.26% and 19.10% higher than those of the control group，respectively.At the same time，the feed‑weight ratio of the AAP‑2 group and the diarrhea rate of the three experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the control group，with feed‑weight ratio and diarrhea rate of the AAP‑2 group decreased by 12.03% and 23.83%，respectively.In terms of nutrient apparent digestibility，compared with the control group，the apparent digestibility of calcium，crude protein and crude fat in the three experimental groups was significantly increased.Among them，the AAP‑2 group showed the greatest improvement，with the digestibility of calcium，crude protein，and crude fat increased by 16.82%，10.14%，and 13.48%，respectively，compared to the control group.In terms of antioxidant function，the activities of catalase，glutathione peroxidase，superoxide dismutase，and total antioxidant capacity in the AAP‑2 group were 36.77%，21.13%，20.36%，44.80% higher than those in the control group，respectively.The content of malondialdehyde decreased by 25.70% compared with the control group.In terms of the number of fecal microorganisms，the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the AAP‑2 group increased by 19.61% and 11.85%，respectively，compared with the control group，while the number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella decreased by 11.18% and 22.09%，respectively.In summary，the addition of 4% Artemisia argyi powder can improve production performance，increase nutrient apparent digestibility，enhance antioxidant function，and increase the number of beneficial bacteriaand reduce the number of harmful bacteria in feces of fattening pigs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Application Rate and Method of Nitrogen on Winter Wheat Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization，Yield and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Residue under Wide‑Narrow Row Planting MA Shangying, XIA Tingting, HAN Pengbin, ZHANG Mengjiao, MAO Yingjie, WANG Zhiqiang, XIN Zeyu, LIN Tongbao, LIAN Yanhao, REN Yongzhe Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (8): 38-50.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.004 Abstract （383）      PDF （23639KB）（66）       Knowledge map    Save Aikang 58（AK58）and Yunong 908（YN908）were used as experimental materials to study the effects of nitrogen application rates［120 kg/ha（N120），180 kg/ha（N180）and 240 kg/ha（N240）］and application methods ［strip application（R） and broadcast application（S）］ on the winter wheat aboveground dry matter accumulation，nitrogen absorption and utilization，yield and soil nitrate nitrogen residue under wide‑narrow row（30 cm ‑15 cm ‑15 cm）planting，so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for further optimizing the wheat‑maize double cropping management system and the annual nitrogen reduction and efficient green fertilization strategy in the Huang‑Huai‑Hai region.The results showed that the aboveground dry matter accumulation，nitrogen accumulation and pre‑anthesis nitrogen transport amount of AK58 and YN908 generally increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Under the conditions of N120 and N180，compared with S treatment，the aboveground dry matter accumulation at mature stage of R treatment significantly increased by 10.56%，5.96% and 6.21%，5.25%，respectively；the nitrogen accumulation in panicle at mature stage significantly increased by 4.46%，7.41% and 14.21%，9.94%，respectively；the pre‑anthesis nitrogen transport amount significantly increased by 10.11%，12.23% and 11.87%，12.21%，respectively.The nitrogen harvest index，partial factor productivity and agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of AK58 and YN908 generally decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Compared with S treatment，R treatment increased the nitrogen use efficiency，partial factor productivity and agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of AK58 and YN908，and the nitrogen use efficiency reached the maximum under N180R treatment.The grain yield of AK58 increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate，and the grain yield of YN908 increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Compared with S treatment，R treatment significantly increased the grain yield of AK58 under N120 and N180 conditions and YN908 under N120 condition，with the increase of 10.83%，6.06% and 15.59% respectively.AK58 reached the maximum yield under N180R treatment，and YN908 reached the maximum yield under N240R treatment. The nitrate nitrogen residue in soil gradually increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rate. Compared with S treatment，R treatment increased the nitrate nitrogen residue in surface soil in wide row area（maize planting area）at mature stage of winter wheat.The nitrate nitrogen residue in 0—40 cm soil layer（maize root layer）of N180 treatment was 55.95 kg/ha，which was the best matching with the nitrogen demand of subsequent maize at seedling stage.In summary，under the wide‑narrow row planting，the combination of nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/ha and strip application is a cultivation measure for winter wheat to save nitrogen，stabilize yield and improve efficiency in this study area. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Evaluation and Index Screening of Salt‑Alkali Tolerance during the Seedling Stage of Cyperus esculentus LI Chunxin, ZHAI Yunru, WANG Shufeng, CHEN Xiangong, ZHENG Mei, WANG Meng, ZHANG Ge, WANG Huiwei, YUAN Tianyou Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 40-54.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.005 Abstract （381）      PDF （3227KB）（376）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the salt‑alkali tolerance characteristics of tiger nut（Cyperus esculentus） at the seedling stage and establish precise evaluation indicators and a relevant mathematical model，18 trait indices including germination rate，plant height，root length，root number，plant biomass，plant water content，chlorophyll content，superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity，and soluble protein content were measured for 66 tiger nut germplasm resources under 5 g/kg mixed salt‑alkali stress after 15 days of germination. Comprehensive analytical methods，including correlation analysis，principal component analysis（PCA），membership function，grey relational analysis，and stepwise regression analysis，were employed to assess the stress tolerance performance of different materials and establish an evaluation system.The results showed that the variation in salt‑alkali tolerance coefficients among different traits ranged from 9.79% to 58.57%，with the coefficient for root dry mass exhibiting the greatest variability and that for relative water content demonstrating the smallest variability. PCA transformed the 18 original indicators into six principal components，which cumulatively accounted for 86.783% of the total variance.Based on the comprehensive evaluation D‑value，the 66 germplasm resources were classified into five tolerance levels：extremely strong，strong，moderate，weak，and sensitive. Classification criteria were defined，identifying two germplasm resources with extremely strong tolerance and 12 salt‑sensitive germplasm resources.Cultivars Yu Yousha 2 and Yu Yousha 3 were both classified as strongly salt‑alkali tolerant materials. Using stepwise regression analysis，a mathematical model for evaluating salt‑alkali tolerance at the seedling stage was established.This model demonstrates that by measuring and calculating the salt‑alkali tolerance coefficients of total fresh weight，relative water content，root number，total chlorophyll content，plant height，and SOD activity，the D‑value can be estimated using the regression equation to assess the salt‑alkali tolerance of tiger nut germplasms at the seedling stage.This study provides essential materials，methodological support，and a robust evaluation framework for subsequent research on salt‑alkali stress tolerant mechanisms and breeding of tiger nut varieties. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Application Depth and Application Amount of Water Retaining Agent on Photosynthetic Characteristics，Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Maize LI Hua, CHEN Liang, DU Leichao, LIU Bin, ZHANG Shengyin, ZHANG Jinghui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (5): 10-22.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.002 Abstract （380）      PDF （1885KB）（96）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen the suitable application depth and application amount of water retaining agent for maize cultivation，with maize as material and the treatment without water retaining agent as control（CK），the effects of water retaining agent application depth［20 cm（D1）and 10 cm（D2）］and application amount［150 kg/ha（T1），210 kg/ha（T2），270 kg/ha（T3）and 330 kg/ha（T4）］on maize growth，photosynthetic characteristics，yield and water use efficiency were studied.The results showed that，for different water retaining agent application depth treatments，the plant height，leaf SPAD value，net photosynthetic rate（Pn），stomatal conductance（Gs），transpiration rate（Tr），ear length，ear diameter，row number per ear，grain number per row，1 000‐grain weight，yield，water use efficiency（WUE）and irrigation water use efficiency（IWUE） of D2 treatment were significantly higher than those of D1 treatment and CK，among which yield，WUE and IWUE increased by 31. 64%，31.20% and 31.58% compared with CK，respectively. Under D1 condition，the plant height，stem diameter，leaf length，leaf width，number of leaves，SPAD value，Pn，Gs，Tr，yield，WUE and IWUE all increased with the increase of application amount of water retaining agent，T4 treatment was the highest，and Ci gradually decreased；Under D2 condition，the plant height，stem diameter，leaf length，leaf width，number of leaves，SPAD value，Pn，Gs，Tr，yield，WUE and IWUE all increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of application amount of water retaining agent，T3 treatment was the highest，and Ci decreased firstly and then increased. For different treatment combinations，D2T3 treatment had the highest Pn，Gs，Tr，yield，WUE，IWUE and the lowest Ci，among which yield，WUE and IWUE significantly increased by 42.37%，41.88% and 42.46% compared with CK，followed by D2T4 treatment. By comprehensive consideration，the suitable application depth of water retaining agent for maize was 10 cm，and the suitable application amount was 270 kg/ha. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Light Intensities on Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthetic Physiology of Four Basil Plants YANG Wen, ZHANG Jing, HE Weikai, ZHOU Xu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (5): 113-123.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.013 Abstract （380）      PDF （3147KB）（203）       Knowledge map    Save By using four types of basil plants，including large leaved basil，purple basil，clove basil，and lemon basil，the effects of different light intensities on leaf chlorophyll content，photosynthetic characteristics，chlorophyll fluorescence parameters，and antioxidant systems were studied by setting 100% full light（L100），85% light（L85），70% light（L70），55% light（L55），and 40% light（L40）.The results showed that with the decrease of light intensity，the plant height and biomass of the four basil plants showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing，reaching their maximum under L85 treatment；The content of chlorophyll a+b showed：large leaf basil>lemon basil>clove basil>purple basil，while chlorophyll a/b showed the opposite trend. As the light intensity decreased，the initial fluorescence（Fo）and maximum fluorescence（Fm）of the four basils showed an increasing trend，while the maximum photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm）and potential activity（Fv/Fo）of PS Ⅱ showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend. The maximum net photosynthetic rate（Pm）of the four types of basil also showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing，with larger increases in large leaf basil and lemon basil，both reaching their maximum values at L85，with an increase of 31.3% and 54.3% compared to L100.The apparent quantum efficiency（AQY）of four types of basil varied from 0.027 to 0.085 μmol/（m2·s）. The light compensation point（LCP）of large leaf basil and lemon basil was maximum at L100，while purple basil and clove basil were maximum at L85.The light saturation point（LSP）of all four types of basil was maximum at L85 and minimum at L40.Compared to L100，the LSP of the four types of basil increased by 41.9%，12.8%，26.1%，and 7.0% at L85，respectively. Four types of basil plants could enhance the activity of superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD），catalase（CAT）in the antioxidant system，as well as the content of antioxidants such as total phenols，flavonoids，and vitamin C to adapt to the light environment. However，full light and extreme weak light environments could inhibit the growth and development of the four types of basil plants. In this experiment，85% light was more favorable for the growth of basil plants. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Early and Rapid Detection of Tomato Gray Mold Based on LAMP Technology ZHAO Qian, LI Wen, LI Xiliu, JIA Zhenhua, FENG Xiaojuan, SONG Shuishan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (6): 84-91.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.06.009 Abstract （379）      PDF （4032KB）（576）       Knowledge map    Save Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is one of the main diseases of tomatoes，which severely affects the yield and quality of tomatoes. In order to achieve the early and rapid detection of tomato gray mold，by using the ACTIN gene of Botrytis cinerea as the target gene，and based on the loop‐mediated isothermal amplification（LAMP）technology，a set of LAMP specific primers was designed and screened，and the reaction system and reaction conditions were optimized to realize the rapid isothermal amplification of Botrytis cinerea.Through agarose gel electrophoresis and SYBR Green Ⅰ visualization analysis，the optimal dosages of Bst Ⅱ DNA polymerase and dNTPs，as well as the optimal ratio of inner and outer primers，were determined to be 0.6 U/μL，1.25 mmol/L，and 2∶1 respectively.The specific detection of Botrytis cinerea could be achieved at 61 ℃ for 40 min，and its sensitivity could reach 100 ag/μL，which was 106 times the sensitivity of ordinary PCR detection. When this method was applied to the detection of tomato diseases，the spores detection limit for Botrytis cinerea could reach 20 spores/mL，and the pathogen could be detected in tomato leaves that had been infected for 4 days without obvious phenotypic symptoms of gray mold，making it applicable for the early，rapid，sensitive and visual detection of tomato gray mold. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stalk Traits and Comprehensive Evaluation of Lodging Resistance of 150 Maize Inbred Lines SHI Dakun, LI Fangjie, WEI Xiaoyi, HONG Defeng, LIU Jingwei, WANG Jiamu, ZHANG Xuehai, WEI Feng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 51-59.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.006 Abstract （375）      PDF （3631KB）（54）       Knowledge map    Save The stem traits（including stem length，stem diameter，dry weight，dry weight per unit length of the aboveground 3rd to 5th internodes，stem puncture strength and stem crushing strength）of 150 improved American maize inbred lines（with Zheng 58 as the control）planted during 2023—2024 were analyzed.Correlation analysis，cluster analysis，principal component analysis（PCA），and grey relational analysis were comprehensively applied to evaluate lodging resistance，and screen inbred lines with high lodging resistance，so as to provide theoretical support for the breeding of lodging‐resistant maize varieties.The results showed that among the 150 maize inbred lines，the dry weight of the aboveground 3rd internode exhibited the richest variation，with the largest variation coefficients of 46.51% and 39.52% in two years，respectively.Correlation analysis revealed that stem crushing strength was extremely significantly positively correlated with stem puncture strength；both stem puncture strength and stem crushing strength were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the aboveground 3rd internode stem length，as well as stem diameter，dry weight，and dry weight per unit length of the aboveground 3rd to 5th internodes.Cluster analysis indicated that the maize inbred lines were divided into 4 clusters，among which cluster Ⅰ and cluster Ⅱ had high stem puncture strength and stem crushing strength.Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rates of the first two principal components in 2023 and the first three principal components in 2024 reached 82.51% and 84.57%，respectively.A total of 9 inbred lines（XM082，XM026，XM059，XM107，XM084，XF001，XM119，XM117，XM040）ranked in the top 20% of the 150 inbred lines in terms of comprehensive lodging resistance score in both 2023 and 2024，and their comprehensive lodging resistance scores were significantly higher than that of the control Zheng 58.Grey relational analysis demonstrated that the dry weight，dry weight per unit length and stem diameter of the aboveground 3rd to 5th internodes had relatively high relational degrees with the comprehensive lodging resistance score，which could be used as important indicators for the identification of maize lodging resistance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Trapping Efficacy of Different Sticky Boards and Food Attractant Supplementation on Frankliniella occidentalis SONG Penghui, YU Jincheng, YANG Ruihua, LI Yuze, ZHANG Lei, ZHANG Kun, WU Xinjuan, ZHOU Shuang, LI Guiwei, WANG Mingjie, JIAO Kuibao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (5): 95-102.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.011 Abstract （370）      PDF （2231KB）（130）       Knowledge map    Save To develop and apply novel sticky traps for advancing the green ecological control of Frankliniella occidentalis infestations，we conducted experiments to investigate the trapping efficacy of different sticky boards［varying in different colors（yellow，blue，white and pink），hanging height，deployment method，and density］on Frankliniella occidentalis on strawberry crops. Based on optimal trapping performance，sticky boards were selected and supplemented with pollen，nectar，and sucrose to compare attractant effects. Pink sticky boards demonstrated superior trapping capacity（1 487 individuals/board），followed by white sticky boards（971 individuals/board），both outperforming yellow and blue sticky boards. H2 treatment（The trap lower edge was 0.2 m above strawberry canopy）achieved the highest capture（1 663 individuals/board）.The trapping efficiency ranked as L1（vertical）>L3（45°angle）>L2（horizontal）>L4（vertical cylindrical）>L5（horizontal cylindrical）.40 sticky boards hung per 667 m2 was the most effective.Over time，adding nectar proved to be the most effective in trapping Frankliniella occidentalis on strawberries，with jujube nectar（2 058 individuals per board at 10 days）outperforming citrus nectar（1 918 individuals per board at 10 days）.In conclusion，the trapping effect of 40 pink sticky boards with jujube nectar hung vertically per 667 m2 and the lower edge of the color boards 0.2 m from the top of strawberry plants on Frankliniella occidentalis on strawberry was the best. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Remediation Effects of Protaetia brevitarsis Frass on Chromium‑Arsenic Contaminated Soil‑Cherry Radish System XIA Zhenxiang, MENG Zhongju, WU Xiuhua, YANG Chao, ZHANG Xiujun, LIU Qian, HE Xin, WU Jiatong, ZHANG Yanru Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 103-111.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.011 Abstract （354）      PDF （4181KB）（390）       Knowledge map    Save To systematically evaluate the passivation and remediation efficiency，as well as the improvement of physicochemical properties and plant physiological metabolism of Cr and As contaminated soil in mine tailings ponds by the P.brevitarsis larvae frass sand，a greenhouse pot cultivation method was used. Cherry radish was selected as the test crop，and seven treatment levels were set up［insect feces sand was added at 0%（CK），10%（T1），20%（T2），40%（T3），50%（TN），80%（T4），and 100%（T5）of soil weight］to study its effects on soil physicochemical properties，soil Cr and As content，and soil enzyme activity. At the same time，its effect on photosynthetic indicators，heavy metal content in edible parts，and plant enzyme activity of cherry radish were analyzed.The results showed that with the increase of application rate of P.brevitarsis larvae frass sand，soil pH value，heavy metals Cr and As content showed a decreasing trend，while conductivity，organic matter content，available nitrogen content，available phosphorus content，soil urease activity，invertase activity，and catalase activity significantly increased（P<0. 05）.Cherry radish showed reduced absorption of Cr and As，improved photosynthetic indicators（relative chlorophyll content，leaf nitrogen content），and increased antioxidant enzyme（superoxide dismutase，peroxidase，catalase）activity. The redundancy analysis results showed that soil organic matter content was the core driving factor（with a contribution rate of 83.0%），indicating its central role in soil fertility.In summary，the P.brevitarsis larvae frass sand could enhance the adsorption capacity of soil heavy metals（Cr，As）by regulating soil physical and chemical properties，improving soil fertility and soil enzyme activity，and could effectively reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals，alleviating the toxicity to cherry radishes.Among them，adding insect feces sand at 80% of soil weight（T4 treatment）has a better effect on soil remediation and plant safety production. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of Diatomite and Biochar Application on Methane Emissions and Related Microorganisms in Paddy Fields TIAN Lixia, LI Shuanglong, LIU Zhangyong, LIU Dong, JIANG Mengdie, NIE Jiangwen, JIN Tao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (8): 69-81.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.007 Abstract （352）      PDF （9403KB）（70）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the effects of diatomite，biochar，and their combined application on methane（CH4）emission，methanogen（mcrA）and methanotroph（pmoA）communities in paddy fields，a pot experiment was set up with four treatments：no amendment（CK），full‑dose biochar（B），full‑dose diatomite（S），and half‑dose biochar plus half‑dose diatomite（BS）.During the entire rice growth period，CH4 emissions were monitored，and soil dissolved organic carbon（DOC）content，ammonium nitrogen（NH4+‑N）content，redox potential（Eh），as well as mcrA and pmoA gene abundances and related microbial community structures were determined and compared.The results showed that compared with CK，the total cumulative CH4 emissions in B，S，and BS treatments decreased by 23.47%，29.95%，and 32.51% throughout the growth period.Compared with CK，S and BS treatments significantly increased soil NH4+‑N content.The abundances of mcrA and pmoA genes and the mcrA/pmoA value were the highest in the tillering stage across all four treatments.Compared with CK，the average mcrA/pmoA values in B，S，and BS treatments decreased by 40.82%，49.78%，and 55.31% throughout the growth period.The community diversity of methanogens increased，while that of methanotrophs decreased in B，S，and BS treatments.These treatments reduced the relative abundances of Methanosarcinaceae and Methylococcus，but increased that of Methanobacteriaceae；S and BS treatments further increased the relative abundance of Methylocystis.Correlation analysis results indicated that CH4 emission flux was significantly positively correlated with the mcrA/pmoA value at the significance levels of 0.001，0.01，0.05，and 0.05 in the tillering，jointing，booting，and maturity stages，respectively.In conclusion，biochar，diatomite，and their combined application all have the potential to reduce CH4 emissions in paddy fields，with the combined application of biochar and diatomite exhibiting the best CH4 reduction effect. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Melatonin on Growth，Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Solanum tuberosum L.under Drought Stress FAN Zhiyuan, WEI Hui, HE Yuheng, GU Chengzhi, LI Jinchao, FENG Chunjing, LIU Suhui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (5): 41-48.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.005 Abstract （347）      PDF （2463KB）（106）       Knowledge map    Save The 10% PEG6000 solution was employed to simulate drought stress，and the effects of melatonin concentrations［0（CK），50（W1），100（W2），150（W3），200（W4）μmol/L］on the growth，photosynthetic characteristics and yield of potato（Solanum tuberosum L.）were studied under drought stress，so as to provide theoretical guidance for cultivation of potato under drought stress.The results showed that different concentrations of melatonin could promote the growth and development of potato under drought stress，and then increase the yield. With the increase of melatonin concentration，growth and development，photosynthetic characteristics and yield of potato increased first and then decreased，and W2 treatment was the highest. Compared with CK，the plant height，stem diameter，leaf thickness and root length of W2 treatment increased by 24.79%，13.89%，61.11% and 29.95% at 17 d after spraying，respectively；Dry weight and fresh weight of root，dry and fresh weight of aboveground part increased by 36.95%，23.32%，156.52% and 42.05%，respectively；SPAD value，net photosynthetic rate（Pn），stomatal conductance（Gs），intercellular CO₂ concentration（Ci）and transpiration rate（Tr）increased by 63.60%，41.34%，30.45%，44.73% and 114.56%，respectively；Yield per plant and tuber number per plant increased by 71.04% and 150.00%，respectively.In conclusion，melatonin can promote the growth and development，increase the yield of potato under drought stress，and 100 μmol/L melatonin has the best effect. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of Cd‐tolerant Fungi with High Cd Removal Ability and Their Effects on Wheat Growth and Cd Accumulation LI Shihang, GAO Wei, LI Yangyang, SUN Shilong, BAN Jiahao, NIE Zhaojun, GENG Yuehua, WANG Min, ZHAO Peng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (5): 59-67.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.007 Abstract （345）      PDF （1896KB）（372）       Knowledge map    Save This study screened native fungi with high cadmium tolerance and removal performance from soil and plants contaminated with heavy metals in wheat fields，and produced solid fermentation remediation agents. Then it conducted wheat safety testing in healthy soil and investigated the effects of remediation agents on wheat growth and cadmium absorption under in‐situ heavy metal pollution conditions.The results showed that four functional fungi（M6，M10，M7，M3）with tolerance of up to 600 μmol/L Cd2+concentration and high cadmium removal rate in liquid culture medium containing 50 mg/L Cd2+were isolated and screened，with removal rates of 99.7%，79.3%，64.1%，and 62.8%，respectively.They were identified as Fusarium sp.，Trichoderma harzianum，Alternaria sp. ，and Chaetomium sp..In wheat safety testing，only M6 was found to inhibit the emergence rate and biomass of wheat. Under in‐situ heavy metal contaminated soil，the addition of M3，M7，and M10 significantly increased the fresh weight （22.0%—43.7%）and dry weight（15.7%—64.4%）of wheat，meanwhile significantly reducing the accumulation of Cd in the wheat root（37.2%—53.4%）.Among them，M7 treatment had the best effect.In summary，Chaetomium sp.M7 could promote the growth of wheat seedlings under cadmium stress and reduce cadmium accumulation，which could be used for soil heavy metal pollution control. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Chemical Fruit Thinning Agents on Thinning and Fruit Quality of Meiba and Pink Lady Apple NIE Lin, ZHAO Hongliang, CAO Yijing, SUN Ang, LU Hang, LIU Limin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (6): 129-134.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.06.014 Abstract （345）      PDF （1263KB）（43）       Knowledge map    Save To study the thinning effect and fruit quality of different chemical fruit thinning agents on different apple varieties，five years old Meiba and Pink Lady apple varieties were used as test materials，seven treatments were set up，including 6‐BA 0.1 g/L（T1），6‐BA 0.2 g/L（T2），6‐BA 0.3 g/L（T3），carbaryl 1.5 g/L（T4），carbaryl 2.0 g/L（T5），carbaryl 2.5 g/L（T6），spraying water as a control.The results showed that，compared with control（CK），the treatment of 6‐BA and carbaryl significantly reduced fruit setting rate of flower，fruit setting rate of inflorescence，double fruit setting ratio，increased empty bourse rate，single fruit setting rate and fruit qualities of apple varieties Meiba and Pink Lady.Compared with CK，T3 significantly increased single fruit setting rate by 46.28% and 35.94%，significantly reduced fruit setting rate of flower by 34.63% and 41.50%，significantly increased single fruit weight by 5.22% and 5.16%，significantly increased soluble solids content by 6.75% and 2.16%，and significantly increased soluble sugar content by 9. 06% and 5. 95% of apple varieties Meiba and Pink Lady，but had little effects on fruit hardness. Compared with CK，T6 significantly increased single fruit setting rate by 26.56% and 19.95%，significantly reduced fruit setting rate of flower by 22.48% and 27.19%，significantly increased single fruit weight by 3.70% and 3.18%，significantly increased soluble solids content by 5.40% and 2.82%，significantly increased soluble sugar content by 7.40% and 7.58%，and significantly decreased fruit hardness by 2.88% and 2.52% of apple varieties Meiba and Pink Lady. By comprehensive comparison，the spraying of 6‐BA 0.3 g/L and carbaryl 2.5 g/L were better for thinning fruits，which significantly reduced fruit setting rate of flower，fruit setting rate of inflorescence，and double fruit setting ratio，and significantly increased empty bourse rate，single fruit setting rate and fruit quality of Meiba and Pink Lady. The spraying of 6‐BA had little effect on the hardness of Meiba and Pink Lady，while the spraying of carbaryl could reduce the hardness. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Slow Release Fertilizer Dosage on the Growth and Nutrient Content of Camellia oleifera Container Seedlings ZHANG Zhen, ZHOU Lei, CHEN Yongzhong, ZHANG Ying, WANG Rui, MIAO Ziqi, LI Zhigang, LONG Ling, XU Yanming Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (6): 63-71.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.06.007 Abstract （343）      PDF （1357KB）（107）       Knowledge map    Save This research studied the effects of slow release fertilizer dosage on the growth and nutrient content of Camellia oleifera container seedlings，aiming to determine the appropriate slow release fertilizer dosage for cultivating C.oleifera container seedlings.A randomized complete block design with a single factor was adopted in this experiment.Five treatments with different amounts of slow release fertilizer were set up，including 0 g per plant（CK），1.0 g per plant（T1），1.2 g per plant（T2），1.4 g per plant（T3），1.6 g per plant（T4）.The growth and N，P and K contents of C.oleifera container seedlings were measured.The comprehensive quality of C.oleifera container seedlings was evaluated by principal component analysis.The results showed that T3 treatment had the highest seedling height，basal diameter，root dry mass，stem dry mass，leaf dry mass，whole plant biomass，root length，root surface area and root volume，which were 66.55 cm，7.11 mm，10.49 g per plant，10. 37 g per plant，14.24 g per plant，35.10 g per plant，2 492.78 cm，584.92 cm2，40.96 cm3，and were increased by 23.24%，16.94%，83.71%，121.11%，85.90%，94.35%，23.21%，37.36%，129.47% compared with the CK，respectively. T3 treatment had the highest N，P and K contents in roots，stems and leaves，which were 125.03，12.59，73.74，90.40，12.75，41.95，172.40，15.81，88.60 mg per plant，and were increased by 62.80%，71.29%，59.85%，115.49%，175.38%，170.65%，133.45%，85.56%，129.12% compared with the CK，respectively.There were correlations among different nutrient contents，and between nutrient contents and growth indicators of C.oleifera container seedlings.The principal component analysis indicated that the comprehensive evaluation score of seedling quality was ranked as follows：T3>T4>T2>T1>CK. Overall，a suitable slow release fertilizer dosage could promote the growth and nutrient accumulation of C.oleifera container seedlings，with 1. 4 g per plant being appropriate. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Physiological Characteristics and Transcriptomic Analysis of Cyperus esculentus L.at Seedling Stage under Salt Stress LONG Wei, WANG Liang, JIN Yukun, LIU Jiayao, WEI Zunmiao, CHENG Yan, MU Zhongsheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (6): 11-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.06.002 Abstract （341）      PDF （4058KB）（86）       Knowledge map    Save By using NaCl solution to simulate salt stress，the effects of 200 mmol/L NaCl on the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD）and catalase（CAT），as well as the contents of soluble protein（SP），proline（Pro）and malondialdehyde（MDA）in the leaves of Cyperus esculentus L.with Jisha No.2 as material，and the differentially expressed genes（DEGs）through transcriptome sequencing were analyzed，GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs were conducted，and real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR（qRT‐PCR）was used to verify the genes in the enrichment pathways，so as to preliminarily understand the salt tolerance mechanism of Cyperus esculentus L..The results showed that with the extension of salt stress time，the activities of SOD，POD and CAT first increased and then decreased，and reached the maximum on the sixth day；The contents of MDA，Pro and SP increased.Transcriptome sequencing was performed with the leaves of Cyperus esculentus L.treated with salt for 6 d，and 869 up‐regulated DEGs and 972 down‐regulated DEGs were detected.For GO enrichment analysis，DEGs were mainly enriched in cellular processes and metabolic processes in biological processes，cellular anatomical entity and intracellular in cellular components，and binding and catalytic activities in molecular functions；For KEGG enrichment analysis，DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction，plant‐pathogen interaction，starch and sucrose metabolism，etc.qRT‐PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of TRINITY_DN10189_c0_g1，TRINITY_DN2983_c0_g1，TRINITY_DN4981_c0_g1，TRINITY_DN1242_c0_g1，TRINITY_DN7378_c0_g1 and TRINITY_DN2888_c0_g1 increased， and the expression levels of TRINITY_DN6117_c0_g1，TRINITY_DN7833_c0_g1，TRINITY_DN8066_c0_g1，and TRINITY_DN8212_c0_g1 decreased，which were similar to the result of RNA‐Seq，verifying the accuracy of the transcriptome result. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Wheat Spike Automatic Detection Method Based on Improved YOLOv8n ZANG Hecang, ZHOU Meng, WANG Yahui, PENG Yilong, ZHAO Qing, ZHANG Jie, LI Guoqiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 162-169.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.017 Abstract （338）      PDF （21133KB）（64）       Knowledge map    Save In wheat breeding，spike number is the key index to evaluate wheat yield.Timely and accurate detection of wheat spike number has important practical significance for early prediction of yield.In actual production，the method of artificial field investigation and statistics of wheat spikes is time‑consuming and laborious. Therefore，this paper proposed an automatic wheat spike detection method based on improved YOLOv8n. Firstly，HGNetV2 was used to improve the network structure to enhance the expression ability of small target wheat spike feature；Secondly，deep separable convolution and pointwise convolution were introduced to improve the computational efficiency and counting performance of the model；Finally，the loss function was improved to optimize the model，accurate determination of wheat ear position and category information was achieved.The test results showed that the accuracy of the improved YOLOv8n in wheat spike detection task was 93.7%，which was 6.5 percentage points higher than that of YOLOv8n.Compared with YOLOv5s and YOLOv8x，the improved YOLOv8n increased by 9.7 percentage point and 0.5 percentage point，which could detect wheat spike images in field complex situations，and had better computer vision processing effect and performance evaluation detection effect.This method can accurately detect the number of small target wheat spikes，and better solve the problem of occlusion and overlapping of wheat spikes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fish Community Structure and Ecological Niche of the Major Fish Species in Nanwan Reservoir LUN Feng, TAN Chenxi, SU Chaoqun, YANG Tiezhu, MA Yuanye, LI Zheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (8): 159-166.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.016 Abstract （338）      PDF （4260KB）（460）       Knowledge map    Save To understand the fish community structure characteristics and interspecific relationships of major fish species in Nanwan Reservoir，fish resource surveys were conducted in November 2022（autumn） and May 2023（spring）.Community composition，fish diversity，and spatiotemporal niche characteristics［including niche width index（Bi ） and overlap index（Qik）］were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 1 903 fish were captured in the two surveys，belonging to 24 species，22 genera，6 families，and 4 orders. Comprehensive analysis showed that in Nanwan Reservoir Hemiculter leucisculus，Toxabramis swinhonis，and Xenocypris davidi was the dominant species. Based on the PINKAS relative importance index（IRI），a total of 10 major fish species were identified.There were spatio‑temporal variations in fish diversity in the Nanwan Reservoir.The Margalef species richness index in spring（2.78）was slightly higher than that in autumn（2.67），whereas the Shannon‑wiener diversity index，Pielou evenness index and Simpson dominance index in autumn were significantly higher than in spring，and the fish species diversity was significantly higher in the central reservoir area. Spatio‑temporal niche analysis revealed that Chanodichthys dabryi（1.254），X.davidi（1.073），and Sarcocheilichthys sciistius（1.024）exhibited moderate niche width index，while other species showed low niche width index.Among spatiotemporal niche overlap index，18 species pairs（40% of total pairs）showed high overlap index（Qik>0.6），and 11 pairs（24.4%）exhibited low overlap index（Qik<0.3）.The highest spatiotemporal overlap occurred between Pseudorasbora parva and Carassius auratus（0.922），while P.parva and T.swinhonis，despite having similar ecological habits，displayed low overlap index（0.249）.In conclusion，the dominant fish species with significant differences in feeding habits and living water layers in the Nanwan Reservoir show a more stable community structure；fish species with similar feeding habits but different living spaces have higher spatial and temporal overlap index.Fish species with similar feeding habits and living water layers may have reduced spatial and temporal overlap index due to niche competition，accompanied by significant population fluctuations. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of 2，4‐epibrassinolide and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Hormone Metabolism of Rhododendron hybridum under High Temperature Stress GUO Jia, XIONG Dingwei, YANG Lijuan, CHENG Jianjun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 110-120.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.012 Abstract （338）      PDF （4677KB）（85）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the mechanism of heat tolerance in Rhododendron hybridum under high temperature stress by foliar application of 2，4‐electrobrassinolide（EBR），inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF）Diversifiospora epigaea，as well as their combined treatment，using Rhododendron hybridum ‘Yunqi Yanxia’cuttings as experimental materials，indoor pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of control（CK，normal temperature，without adding AMF or EBR treatment），separate high temperature treatment（HS），HS+AMF，HS+EBR，HS+EBR+AMF treatment on the photosynthetic pigment content，gas exchange parameters，chlorophyll fluorescence parameters，and hormone content of R.hybridum.Under high temperature stress，the growth of R.hybridum was inhibited，and the appearance phenotype was characterized by yellowing and reduced leaf size，with most leaves dying. Spraying EBR on leaves could promote the increase of AMF infection rate，branch attachment rate，and vesicles，but had no significant effect on AMF number of entry point.Compared with high temperature treatment alone（HS），the content of chlorophyll a，chlorophyll b，total chlorophyll，and carotenoids in R.hybridum increased by 84.3%，182.3%，105.8%，and 150.6%，respectively，under HS+EBR+AMF treatment.The net photosynthetic rate（Pn），transpiration rate（Tr），stomatal conductance（Gs），and instantaneous water use efficiency（WUE） increased by 129.5%，78.9%，32.7%，and 28.1%，while the intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci） decreased by 11.7%.At the same time，HS+EBR+AMF treatment increased the maximum photochemical quantum efficiency（Fv/Fm），PSⅡ potential activity（Fv/Fo），and photochemical quenching coefficient（qP）of PSⅡ in the leaves of R.hybridum，while reducing the non photochemical quenching coefficient（NPQ）.It promoted the energy used for electron transfer per unit reaction center（EETo/RC），absorbed light energy per unit area（EABS/CSm），captured light energy（ETRo/CSm），and quantum yield of electron transfer（EETo/CSm） in R. hybridum leaves.Under high temperature stress，the contents of zeaxanthin（ZT），gibberellin（GA3），and indole‐3‐acetic acid（IAA） in the leaves of R.hybridum decreased，while the content of abscisic acid（ABA）increased.After HS+EBR+AMF treatment，ZT，GA3，and IAA contents increased by 54.2%，43.2%，and 29.5%，respectively，while the content of ABA decreased by 26.5%.EBR can promote the infection and development of AMF，and compared with single AMF or EBR treatment，the combination of the two treatments has the best effect on enhancing the heat tolerance of R.hybridum. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and Expression Analysis of OBP and CSP Genes in the Sex Pheromone‑producing Gland of Domestic and Chinese Wild Silkworms WANG Qinghai, JIA Yanhua, ZHANG Yu, HUANG Zhenfu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 153-161.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.016 Abstract （336）      PDF （2323KB）（372）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the mechanism of insect odor recognition and chemoreception，based on the previous transcriptome data，the odorant‑binding protein（OBP）and chemosensory protein（CSP）genes in the sex pheromone‑producing glands（PGs） of domestic silkworm（Bombyx mori） and Chinese wild silkworm（Bombyx mandarina）were screened and identified，and the spatio‑temporal expression patterns of the differentially expressed genes were analyzed. At the same time，the relative concentration changes of sex pheromone components（bombykol and bombykal）in silkworm at different developmental stages were detected by gas chromatography‑mass spectrometry（GC‑MS）. The results showed that a total of 13 OBP genes and 10 CSP genes were identified in the PGs of both domestic and wild silkworms. Among them，five OBP genes（OBP11，OBP23，OBP27，OBP41，and OBP42）and four CSP genes（CSP3，CSP12，CSP13，and CSP15）had significant expression differences.The expression levels of these differentially expressed genes in different tissues of domestic silkworm larvae and adults were different.It was worth noting that the OBP11 gene showed the highest expression level in the PGs of domestic and wild silkworms，and was continuously expressed in the PGs of domestic silkworms at different developmental stages.Further analysis showed that the expression level of this gene was significantly increased at 0.001 level at 24 h after eclosion compared with that before eclosion，and significantly decreased at 0.001 level at 6 h after mating.GC‑MS analysis showed that the relative concentration of bombykol remained stable before eclosion，increased significantly at the 0.001 level after 24 h of eclosion，and decreased significantly at the 0.001 level after 3 h of mating. In contrast，the relative concentration of bombykal maintained a stable level during the entire developmental process. In conclusion，the OBP11 gene is highly expressed in the PGs of both domestic and wild silkworms.The expression dynamics of this gene（upregulated after eclosion and downregulated after mating）are highly consistent with the alterations in bombykol content，suggesting that this gene may be involved in the binding and release processes of sex pheromones. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Growth Characteristics and Resource Status of Dominant Fish Species in Henan Section of the Main Stream of the Yellow River ZHANG Qingqing, HE Haizhan, FANG Dongdong, MA Chao, WANG Zhaoping, YANG Hui, HUI Jun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (10): 131-140.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.014 Abstract （334）      PDF （3257KB）（54）       Knowledge map    Save To evaluate the growth dynamics and utilization status of fish resources in the Henan section of the main stream of the Yellow River，fish resources were investigated in 11 sections of Henan section of the main stream of the Yellow River in June（summer）and October（autumn）of 2023，January（winter）and May（spring）of 2024. Growth and mortality parameters as well as resource utilization status were analyzed for five dominant fish species Parabramis pekinensis，Carassius auratus，Hemiculter leucisculus，Pseudobrama simoni，Cyprinus carpio by using FiSAT Ⅱ software.The Beverton‐Holt dynamic comprehensive model was applied to assess management strategies. The results showed that the growth index（b）of the five fish species ranged from 3.02 to 3.22，exhibiting positive allometric growth.The growth coefficient（K）was 0.39—0.93，so all of them were rapid growth type.The growth performance index（φ'） was 4.02—5.41.The resource exploitation rate of four fish species，except for Cyprinus carpio，were all lower than the exploitation rate which produces maximum sustainable yield，suggesting that the stocks were not over‐exploited. The results of the Bverton‐Hort dynamic comprehensive model showed that the current catchable body length of Cyprinus carpio was relatively smaller，and increasing the catchable body length was more conducive to the recovery of fish resources than reducing the fishing intensity.Optimal resource protection and management would be achieved by setting size‐at‐first‐capture limits at 236 mm for Parabramis pekinensis，165 mm for Carassius auratus，89 mm for Hemiculter leucisculus，86 mm for Pseudobrama simoni，and 490 mm for Cyprinus carpio.In summary，in the Henan section of the the main stream of the Yellow River，the growth rate of the five dominant fish species showes an accelerating trend；Cyprinus carpio resources are overexploited. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Saline‑Alkali Stress on Vegetative and Reproductive Growth of Japonica Rice Germplasm Resource DUAN Kairong, RAN Jie, SONG Jiawei, QIAO Chengbin, KONG Weiru, DONG Yue, LIU Songrui, ZHANG Bi, XU Hao, MA Donghua, LI Peifu, LUO Chengke, TIAN Lei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (8): 26-37.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.003 Abstract （333）      PDF （17720KB）（53）       Knowledge map    Save Using 164 japonica rice germplasm resources as test materials，the effects of saline‑alkali stress［normal paddy soil（control，CK），alkalized saline soil（T1）and alkali soil（T2）］on plant height（PH），tillers number per plant（NT），basal stem diameter（SD），days from sowing to heading（S‑FHD），effective panicles number per plant（PNPP），total grains number per plant（SPP），1 000‑grain weight（TGW），seed setting rate（SSR） and yield per plant（YPP） were studied under field conditions.Comprehensive evaluation was conducted by combining correlation analysis，principal component analysis and membership function to screen saline‑alkali tolerant germplasms during the whole growth period.The key indicators affecting the vegetative and reproductive growth of rice under different saline‑alkali stresses were screened through linear regression analysis，so as to provide theoretical basis for breeding saline‑alkali tolerant and high‑yielding rice varieties.The results showed that under the T1 and T2 treatments，PH，SPP and YPP of the japonica rice germplasm were significantly lower than those of CK.The differences of the above 9 traits between T1 and T2 treatments were all significant.The correlation analysis results showed that PH，SPP and S‑FHD were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with each other，and PH was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with TGW and YPP under all treatments. Under T1 and T2 treatments，PNPP was significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with PH and S‑FHD，while TGW was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with SSR and YPP.However，the correlations of the above traits did not reach significant levels under CK.Principal component analysis results showed that 4 principal components were extracted under CK，T1 and T2 treatments，with cumulative contribution rates of 79.550%，82.530% and 79.076%，respectively.Combined the key factor load values of each principal component with the R2 values of the linear regression equations between the 9 traits and the comprehensive saline‑alkali tolerance D value，PH，SPP and S‑FHD were determined as the key indicators affecting the vegetative and reproductive growth of japonica rice germplasms under saline‑alkali stress.According to the D value，two saline‑alkali tolerant germplasms，Liujing 2 and Bijing 45，were screened. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Angelica dahurica Germplasm Resources XU Lanjie, AN Sufang, YU Yongliang, DONG Wei, LIANG Huizhen, TAN Zhengwei, YANG Qing, YANG Hongqi, WU Xiaohui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 64-71.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.007 Abstract （328）      PDF （1408KB）（262）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the genetic diversity and population structure characteristics of Angelica dahurica parent materials and improve the utilization efficiency of A.dahurica germplasm resources，28 start codon targeted polymorphism（SCoT）markers were used for PCR amplification of 78 germplasm accessions from 5 A.dahurica populations.Genetic diversity and population structure were analyzed using softwares such as POPGENE 1.32 and GenALEx6.502.The results showed that 28 SCoT markers amplified a total of 192 bands，including 159 polymorphic bands.The average number of amplified bands and polymorphic bands per marker were 7 and 6，respectively.The average values of polymorphic information content（PIC），Shannon’s diversity index（I），and Nei’s gene diversity index（H）for SCoT markers were 0.800，0.350，and 0.240，respectively，indicating relatively high genetic diversity. For the five A.dahurica populations，the average number of alleles per locus（Na），average effective number of alleles（Ne），average I，and average expected heterozygosity（He）were 1.514，1.293，0.265，and 0.174，respectively，with the Yu A.dahurica population showing the highest values.The genetic differentiation coefficient and gene flow among the five populations were 0.135 and 3.195，respectively.94% of the genetic variation originated within populations，and high gene flow reduced genetic differences between populations.Based on genetic similarity coefficients（GS）among populations，the five A.dahurica populations were clustered into three groups at a GS threshold of 0.96：Yu A.dahurica，Hang A.dahurica，and Chuan A.dahurica populations were grouped together.Based on the GS of 78 A.dahurica germplasms，they were clustered into three major categories at a GS value of 0.765.These categories included 73，3，and 2 A.dahurica germplasms respectively. In conclusion，the five A.dahurica populations exhibit low levels of genetic diversity and close genetic relationships among germplasms.Therefore，efforts should be strengthened to create new A.dahurica germplasm resources. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Generation，Migration and Release of Moisture in Heated Tobacco Product WU Jinlu, HU Anfu, JIANG Jian, XIA Qian, WANG Jun, XIAO Weiqiang, ZHOU Guojun, WU Jian, XU Jian, FANG Mengxiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (8): 15-25.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.002 Abstract （327）      PDF （1284KB）（804）       Knowledge map    Save As a new type of tobacco product，heated tobacco product has gradually become popular in the world in recent years，and its fundamental research has become the focus of the tobacco industry both domestically and internationally.Among them，the generation，migration and release characteristics of moisture in heated tobacco products are the key factors to regulate the moisture content and temperature of smoke.The generation，migration and release characteristics of moisture in heated tobacco products are affected by many factors，such as sample characteristics（moisture content，type and content of atomizing agent，preparation process，tobacco raw materials），cigarette structure（length of tobacco section，ventilation rate of filter，punching position），heating instrument parameters（heating temperature，heating mode），puffing regimes and so on.To deepen the basic research of heated tobacco products and improve the quality of products，the influencing factors and mechanism of moisture content in the tobacco section，the law of moisture generation and the law of moisture migration and release were summarized and analyzed.On this basis，the shortcomings of current research were pointed out and the future research focus was put forward，to provide technical references for the research and development of heated tobacco products. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of EMS Mutagenesis on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Pomegranate GAO Xiaofeng, ZHANG Qiuyue, ZHOU Xiaojing, ZUO Weifang, HUANG Rantao, GUO Shuangshuang, YUAN Chaozheng, ZHENG Mingyan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (8): 133-139.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.013 Abstract （327）      PDF （1351KB）（455）       Knowledge map    Save This study investigated the mutagenesis effect of ethyl mesylate（EMS）on pomegranate seeds，and determined the appropriate mutagenesis dose for germplasm innovation of pomegranate seeds，to explore new techniques and methods for the breeding of new varieties of pomegranate. Pomegranate seeds were treated with EMS solutions of five different mass fractions（0，0.2%，0.4%，0.6%，0.8%），and the germination time，germination potential，germination rate，emergence rate，seedling formation rate，phenotypic variance，phenotypic variation rate and other indicators were measured，and the seedling height，ground diameter，root length，root number and other morphological indicators were measured.Physiological and biochemical indexes such as superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity，peroxidase（POD）activity，catalase（CAT）activity and ascorbate peroxidase（APX）activity were detected in the leaves of seedlings. The results showed that，after EMS treatment，the germination time of seeds was delayed，and the higher the concentration，the more the delay.The germination potential and germination rate of seeds were increased slightly after 0.2% treatment，and the other three treatments were significantly decreased，and the higher the concentration，the more the decrease.The seedling success rate gradually decreased with the increase of EMS mass fraction，reaching a minimum of 11.67% at 0.8%.The variation rate gradually increased with the increase of EMS mass fraction，reaching a maximum of 5.34% at 0.8%.The average plant height and average root length of seedlings were decreased，except for a slight increase after 0.2% treatment.The average ground diameter of seedlings was decreased，and the higher the concentration was，the greater the decrease was.The average root number of seedlings was decreased by the other three treatments except for 0.2% treatment，which had no change，and the higher the concentration was，the greater the decrease was.The activities of SOD，POD，CAT and APX in the leaves of seedlings were increased，and with the increase of the concentration，the increase amplitude showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing，and gradually increased with the increase of concentration in 0.2%—0.6%，and the increase amplitude decreased significantly at 0.8%.EMS generally showed an inhibitory effect on the germination of pomegranate seeds and the growth of seedlings，and EMS with an appropriate mass fraction could enhance the stress resistance of plants.Considering the seedling formation rate，variation rate，physiological and biochemical indexes，the optimal EMS mutagenesis dose for pomegranate seeds ranges from half lethal dose（LD50）to critical dose（LD40），that is 0.54%—0.63%. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Root Application of AMF and SL on Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Antioxidant System of Lolium perenne under Saline Alkali Stress ZOU Quan, XING Weiming, WANG Ruoding, ZHOU Wenjun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (6): 72-83.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.06.008 Abstract （324）      PDF （3334KB）（92）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the effects of root application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF）and strigolactone（SL） on the growth，chlorophyll fluorescence parameters，ion balance，and antioxidant enzyme system of Lolium perenne under salt alkali stress，five concentrations（0，0.2，0.4，0.8，1.6 μmol/L）of SL were applied to the roots of perennial ryegrass under 150 mmol/L salt alkali stress，inoculated with AMF Rhizophorus intrapradices or not vaccinated（CK），to explore the mechanisms by which both alleviate saline alkali stress in L.perenne.The results showed that root application of SL could promote AMF infection in L.perenne.The highest AMF infection rate was 62.7% at a concentration of 0.4 μmol/L of SL，and the maximum number of vesicles was 22.3.At a root application concentration of 0.4 μmol/L of SL，compared with CK，the total biomass and root shoot ratio of L.perenne treated with AMF increased by 18.7% and 13.2%，respectively，and the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents increased by 21.1% and 13.4%，respectively；The maximum photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm），potential activity（Fv/Fo），and actual photochemical quantum efficiency（ΦPSⅡ） of PS Ⅱ were increased by 4.7%，8.7%，and 32.9%，respectively，while the non photochemical quenching coefficient（NPQ）decreased by 19.3%.The synergistic effect of AMF and SL could reduce the accumulation of Na+ in the upper and root systems of L.perenne，increase K+ content and K+/Na+ to improve plant ion balance. Under the treatment of SL concentration of 0.4 μmol/L，compared with CK，the relative expression levels of PAL and P5CS genes in L.perenne inoculated with AMF increased by 43.4% and 36.0%，PAL and P5CS activities increased by 26.8% and 26.7%，while the relative expression level of PPO gene decreased by 22.9% and PPO activity decreased by 15.6%.In addition，inoculation with AMF increased the soluble protein and proline content of L.perenne，while reduced the rate of superoxide anion production and hydrogen peroxide content.In summary，SL can promote the infection and development of AMF.Among them，the inoculation of AMF combined with root application of SL at a concentration of 0.4 μmol/L improves best the growth status of L.perenne，maintains chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant system，and significantly enhances salt alkali resistance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Exogenous Nano‐Silicon on Seed Germination of Pepper under Salt Stress TIAN Ye, YANG Peihua, YANG Tingqian, LIU Xiaocen, LIU Yiqing, WANG Jiao, HU Haijun, JIANG Xinchen, ZHANG Wanshun, ZHU Yongxing Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (6): 110-120.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.06.012 Abstract （324）      PDF （3048KB）（85）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the effects of exogenous nano‐silicon（SiNPs） on the germination，physiological and biochemical indices and related gene expression of pepper seeds under salt stress，the seeds of two varieties of pepper，Jinghua Wuhu Pepper and Jinghua Pepper No.20，were used as test materials.Four treatments were set up：nano‐silicon treatment（SiNP300/SiNP250），sodium chloride treatment（NaCl），sodium chloride + nano‐silicon treatment（NaCl+SiNP300/NaCl+SiNP250），and distilled water as control（CK）.The germination of pepper seeds under different treatments，the content of active oxygen and the changes in antioxidant enzyme activity were analyzed. The results showed that：Under salt stress，exogenous SiNPs could increase the germination percentage（GP），germination index（GI）and radicle length（RL）of Jinghua Wuhu Pepper and Jinghua Pepper No.20，reduce the degree of lipid membrane peroxidation of pepper radicle under salt stress，and enhance the integrity of pepper radicle lipid membrane.Exogenous SiNPs reduced the activities of catalase（CAT），superoxide dismutase（SOD）and peroxidase（POD）in the radicle of seeds of Jinghua Wuhu Pepper and Jinghua Pepper No.20 under salt stress，reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde（MDA），hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）and superoxide anion（O2·-）in the radicle，and reduced the content of proline（Pro）and soluble protein（SP）.The results of qRT‐PCR analysis showed that exogenous SiNPs increased the relative expression levels of ABA decomposition‐related gene CaCYP707A1 and GA synthesis‐related gene CaGA20ox1 in the radicle of pepper under salt stress. Exogenous SiNPs can significantly alleviate the inhibition of pepper seed germination under salt stress by regulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes，reducing the content of ROS，regulating the content of Pro and SP and the expression levels of ABA and GA‐related genes，and improve the germination performance of seeds. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics