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Identification of TCP Transcription Factors in Artemisia annua and Analysis of Their Expression Patterns under MeJA Treatment MA Qiyang, SONG Ge Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 62-74.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.007 Abstract （1619）      PDF （13374KB）（52）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the genome data of Artemisia annua，the TCP gene family members were identified，and their protein physicochemical properties，evolutionary relationships，and cis‑acting elements were analyzed. Transcriptome data were used to analyze the expression pattern of TCP transcription factors in Artemisia annua under different light treatments，and qRT‑PCR was used to detect their expression under methyl jasmonate（MeJA）treatment.The results showed that a total of 29 TCP genes（AaTCPs）were identified. AaTCPs differed greatly in protein physicochemical properties，in which the number of amino acids and protein molecular mass ranged from 132 to 443 and 14.60 to 47.86 ku，respectively，and the isoelectric points，instability indices，and fat coefficients were in the ranges of 5.67 to 9.99，33.28 to 69.77，and 51.70 to 77.40，respectively，and all of them were nuclear proteins.Phylogenetic relationships showed that AaTCPs could be classified into class Ⅰ（11）and class Ⅱ（18），unevenly distributed on eight chromosomes.The Motif number of AaTCPs ranged from 1 to 7，all of them contained one conserved TCP2 structural domain，and a large number of light‑，hormone‑，and stress‑responsive elements were present in their promoters.Protein interaction predictions revealed tight interactions among the protein members of AaTCPs except for AaTCP12 and AaTCP8.Transcriptome data showed that the expression levels of AaTCPs varied under different light treatments，and the expression of most genes was induced by light. qRT‑PCR analysis revealed that the expression of AaTCPs all increased to different degrees under MeJA treatment，showing dynamic changes with the extension of treatment time.In summary，the AaTCP gene family plays a significant role in light regulation and hormone response processes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Complete Gene Sequencing of Bacilus subtilis Isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa and Study of Genes Related to Growth‑promoting Effects LA Guixiao, WANG Linlin, GUO Junqi, ZHAO Yulong, GUO Hongxia, JIA Hui, YANG Tiegang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 75-85.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.008 Abstract （1218）      PDF （3510KB）（364）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the genes associated with the growth‑promoting effects of Bacillus subtilis in Rehmannia glutinosa，whole genome sequencing was performed in this study and the genes associated with the growth‑promoting effects were discovered through functional annotation.The results showed that the genome size of Bacillus subtilis，an endophytic growth‑promoting bacterium of Rehmannia glutinosa，was 4 310 699 bp，with a GC content of 43.44%，and a total of 4 521 predicted coding genes.A total of 3 013，3 354，4 395，206，52，and 212 functional genes were annotated in the clusters of orthologous groups（COG） ，gene ontology（GO） ，kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） ，carbohydrate‑active enzymes（CAZyme），comprehensive antibiotic resistance database（CARD），and virulence factor database（VFDB），respectively.The annotation results indicated that there were 46 genes related to growth‑promoting function，with the majority of these genes involved in phosphorus solubilization，nitrogen fixation，and iron carrier processes.In the meantime，anti‑SMASH predicted that a total of 409 genes were enriched into 12 secondary metabolite synthesis gene clusters，with the majority encoding eight repressors，including fengycin，1‑carbapen‑2‑em‑3‑carboxylic acid，bacillaene，bacilysin，subtilosin A，surfactin，pulcherriminic acid，and bacillibactin.Among these，pulcherriminic acid and bacillibactin had been observed to facilitate the chelation of ferric ions in the surrounding environment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Porcine Getah Virus ZHANG Yuyang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 15-22.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.002 Abstract （1182）      PDF （1296KB）（708）       Knowledge map    Save Getah Virus（GETV） is an emerging insect‑borne pathogen that has caused reproductive disorders in pigs and high mortality in piglets in many countries in recent years，posing a major threat to global animal husbandry and public health. This virus is primarily transmitted by mosquito bites，which can cause widespread infection in pigs and significantly affect reproductive performance and health.In response to the spread of the epidemic，it is urgent to conduct research on genomic characterization and molecular evolution to guide vaccine design and optimize prevention and control strategies.At the same time，it is necessary to clarify the law of GETV transmission through epidemiological investigation and analyze the pathogenic mechanism in order to provide theoretical support for epidemic prevention and control.In addition，improving the accuracy and timeliness of early diagnosis has become a key link in prevention and control.In view of the critical role of early diagnosis in epidemic prevention and control，based on the latest research results，the pathogenic characteristics，epidemiological characteristics，pathogenic mechanism，diagnostic techniques and prevention and control strategies of GETV were systematically discussed，aiming to provide theoretical support for clinical prevention and control，and provide scientific basis for vaccine development，diagnostic technology innovation and prevention and control policy formulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Breeding of New Wheat Germplasms with Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight by Backcross Transformation Combined with Molecular Marker‑Assisted Selection LI Zhengling, HAN Liupeng, ZHAO Mingzhong, QI Xueli, ZHANG Yu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 23-30.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.003 Abstract （820）      PDF （1987KB）（137）       Knowledge map    Save In order to determine the effects of resistance genotypes and backcross times on Fusarium head blight（Fhb）resistance and agronomic traits of progeny materials，the main resistance genes Fhb1，Fhb2 and Fhb7 were pyramided in Zhengmai 1860，which was a widely planted variety in southern Huanghuai，by backcross transformation and molecular marker‑assisted selection.The Fhb resistance and main agronomic traits of different genotypes and backcross generations were analyzed.The results showed that Fhb1，Fhb2 and Fhb7 could increase the Fhb resistance by 38.9%—76.9%，and there was no significant correlation between these three resistance genes and the bad agronomic traits such as high culm，low density spikelet and low thousand‑grain weight. The percentage of scabbed spikelets of BC1F2，BC2F2，BC3F2 populations in two years were 37.8%，31.4%，37.8% and 43.4%，45.8% 43.3%，respectively.Fhb resistance did not decrease with the increase of backcross times. With the increase of backcross times，the plant height of the progeny population materials decreased from 84.95 cm to 70.49 cm，the number of fruiting spikelets per panicle increased from 20.48 to 21.24，the panicle length increased from 10.23 cm to 10.49 cm，and the thousand‑grain weight increased from 37.36 g to 44.80 g.The main agronomic traits of the progeny population materials after three backcrosses were similar to those of the resistance gene receptor parent variety.The new germplasms Zhengzi2021CH182‑33 and Zhengzi2021CH182‑41 bred in this study with excellent comprehensive agronomic properties and Fhb resistance can be further used as disease‑resistance parents. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Diversity and Vertical Distribution of True Bugs in Taihang Mountains，Shanxi Province CHEN Jing, ZHANG Zhenhua, WEI Jiufeng, ZHAO Qing, ZHANG Hufang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 110-118.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.011 Abstract （695）      PDF （2599KB）（211）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the species diversity and distribution characteristics of true bugs in Taihang Mountains，Shanxi Province，a survey of true bugs diversity was conducted from June to September in 2022 and 2023，and vertical distribution at five different altitudes was analyzed in this area.The results of biodiversity analysis showed that a total of 6 103 true bugs were collected from June to September in 2022 and 2023，belonging to 25 families，41 subfamilies，110 genera，a total of 189 species.The dominant groups under different altitude gradients were different.The dominant group in altitude Ⅱ（770—1 140 m），altitude Ⅲ（1 140—1 510 m），and altitude Ⅴ（1 880—2 250 m）was Miridae. The dominant group at altitude Ⅰ（400—770 m）was Pentatomidae，and the dominant group at altitude Ⅳ（1 510—1 880 m）was Plataspidae.The altitude had significant effects on the individual number，species number，Shannon‑Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index，but had no significant effects on Margalef richness index and Simpson dominance index.The species composition of true bugs community at different altitudes was less similar，and the species similarity coefficient was ranging from 0.040 8 to 0.147 5，the true bug community at altitude Ⅱ and altitude Ⅲ was more similar.The environmental factor that had the greatest influence on the species number of true bugs in Taihang Mountains of Shanxi Province was the precipitation in the hottest quarter of the collection site（BIO18），and the correlation coefficient was 0.238（P<0.05）.The environmental factor that had the greatest influence on the individual number of true bugs in Taihang Mountains of Shanxi Province was the annual precipitation（BIO12），and the correlation coefficient was 0.263（P<0.05）.In summary，the ecological environment of Taihang Mountains in Shanxi Province is diverse，and the resources of true bugs species are abundant.In this area，the species richness of true bugs in low and high altitudes is relatively smaller，while the species in middle altitudes are abundant，and the vertical distribution pattern is single‑peak pattern. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Drought Stress on Photosynthetic and Physiological Characteristics of Flag Leaves of Different Wheat Varieties at Filling Stage PENG Chaojun, HUA Xia, WANG Songfeng, GAO Chong, DONG Haibin, HU Lin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 40-47.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.005 Abstract （611）      PDF （2088KB）（90）       Knowledge map    Save The drought⁃resistant wheat variety Zhengmai 1860，its parents，and Zhoumai 18（control）were used as materials.The gas exchange parameters，chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics，antioxidant enzyme activities，osmotic adjustment substances contents in flag leaves，and water use efficiency of different wheat varieties were studied under drought treatment（irrigation only at the jointing stage during the entire growth period），so as to provide valuable insights for optimizing water⁃efficient wheat cultivation，developing drought⁃resistant cultivars，and advancing water⁃saving breeding programs.The results showed that，under drought stress，the net photosynthetic rate（Pn），stomatal conductance（Gs），transpiration rate（Tr）and maximum photomassive efficiency（Fv/Fm），potential photochemical activity（Fv/Fo），actual photomassive efficiency（ФPSⅡ），and electron transfer rate（ETR）of PSⅡ of the flag leaf of Zhengmai 1860 were significantly higher than those of Zhoumai 18，and the intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci） was significantly lower than that of Zhoumai 18，followed by Zhoumai 22；The activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD）and catalase（CAT），and the contents of soluble protein，soluble sugar and proline in the flag leaf of Zhengmai 1860 were significantly higher than those of Zhoumai 18，and the content of malondialdehyde（MDA）was significantly lower than that of Zhoumai 18，followed by Zhoumai 22；The yield and water use efficiency of Zhengmai 1860 were significantly higher than those of Zhoumai 18，which was mainly due to the significant improvement of the thousand⁃grain weight and the number of grains per spike，and followed by Zhoumai 22.In conclusion，Zhengmai 1860 enhances antioxidant enzyme activity，and osmotic adjustment capacity under drought stress at filling stage，protects the photosynthetic electron transport process of PSⅡ，alleviates the degree of nonstomatal restriction and membrane lipid peroxidation，and maintains higher Pn at filling stage，thus obtaining higher yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Intercropping Promoting Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization WU Xin, BI Jiayu, GE Yingtong, HE Yangfa, WANG Yuyun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.001 Abstract （440）      PDF （1931KB）（808）       Knowledge map    Save The application of phosphate fertilizer and mineral weathering are the main sources of soil phosphorus，but the low utilization rate of phosphorus and the limited ability of crops to absorb and utilize phosphorus lead to the accumulation of soil phosphorus，which limits the growth of crops.Intercropping system can improve soil phosphorus availability.The effects of intercropping on phosphorus utilization rate were summarized.The mechanism of intercropping to improve soil phosphorus availability was reviewed from three aspects：soil microorganisms，crop roots，and changes in endogenous hormones.It is suggested that in the future，we should focus on the in‑situ characterization of plant root morphology，auxin‑related gene expression，soil microorganisms and related functional genes，in order to provide reference for improving phosphorus utilization rate through intercropping. Related Articles | Metrics

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Creation and Phenotypic Analysis of TaGW2‑A1‑Overexpression Transgenic Wheat Germplasm ZHANG Haoran, LIU Xiaoying, ZHOU Fenglong, XU Mingchen, GUO Zhengzheng, CHENG Jiayu, ZHANG Kunpu, WANG Daowen, SHI Cuilan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 1-8.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.001 Abstract （414）      PDF （2844KB）（109）       Knowledge map    Save The expression vector of TaGW2‑A1 was constructed，and transformed into wheat；T2 homozygous transgenic lines were identified and screened；the expression of TaGW2‑A1 gene of the homozygous transgenic line was analyzed by real‑time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot；subcellular localization analysis was performed by tobacco transient expression and cell component separation；the agronomic traits and quality traits of homozygous lines were analyzed，so as to lay foundation for further analysis of TaGW2 regulatory network，and provide gene resource for breeding new wheat varieties with high yield and quality.The results showed that the expression vector of TaGW2‑A1 gene was successfully constructed，positive transgenic plants were obtained，and homozygous transgenic lines were screened in T2 generation.The transcription level of TaGW2‑A1 was significantly higher in leaves and grains of homozygous transgenic lines，but TaGW2‑A1 protein was detected only in grains.Subcellular localization results showed that TaGW2‑A1 protein mainly functioned in cytoplasm and nucleus. Phenotypic analysis results showed that TaGW2-A1 overexpression significantly reduced plant height，grain length，grain width，1 000‑grain weight and yield per plant，but had no significant effect on grain number per spike and grain protein content. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharides with Different Molecular Weight on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Maize Seedlings under Drought Stress ZHANG Le, ZHANG Fuguo, JIN Yazhong, ZHANG Yitao, ZHANG Youli Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 10-22.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.002 Abstract （380）      PDF （4066KB）（229）       Knowledge map    Save Under drought stress，50 mg/L chitosan oligosaccharides with different molecular weight （1 197，1 428，1 990 u）were sprayed to explore the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide with different molecular weight on the growth and physiological characteristics of maize seedlings，so as to provide a theoretical basis for the application of chitosan oligosaccharide with different molecular weight in production under drought stress.The results showed that under normal water condition，spraying chitosan oligosaccharide could promote the growth of maize seedlings. Under drought stress condition，spraying chitosan oligosaccharide could alleviate the impact of drought stress on the growth of maize seedlings.Among them，the plant height of treatments with chitosan oligosaccharides with small，medium and large molecular weight increased by 8.55%，9.37% and 5.80%，the stem diameter increased by 10.99%，5.23% and 1.31%，the dry weight of the aboveground part increased by 28.27%，38.82% and 19.83%，the dry weight of the underground part increased by 44.44%，39.58% and 29.17%，the leaf area increased by 43.45%，65.79% and 24.51%，the number of root branches increased by 114.57%，104.84% and 102.33%，the chlorophyll content increased by 43.07%，49.42% and 36.49%，the net photosynthetic rate（Pn）increased by 12.70%，22.49% and 6.80%，the content of superoxide anion decreased by 25.88%，35.74% and 21.83%，the activity of ascorbate peroxidase（APX）increased by 18.77%，29.92% and 11.43%，and the activity of glutathion peroxidase（GPX）increased by 23.30%，11.17% and 16.51%，respectively.Overall，under drought stress condition，spraying chitosan oligosaccharide with small molecular weight had the best effect on promoting the growth of the underground part，while spraying chitosan oligosaccharide with medium molecular weight had the best effect on promoting the growth of the aboveground part.The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the treatment with chitosan oligosaccharide with low molecular weight had the highest comprehensive score，followed by the treatment with chitosan oligosaccharide with medium molecular weight. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Application in Livestock，Poultry and Aquaculture Production of Bacillus subtilis and Its Effect on  Intestinal Health of Animals FENG Lili Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.001 Abstract （371）      PDF （1361KB）（1013）       Knowledge map    Save Bacillus subtilis can form spores，has strong resistance and good stability，and has several advantages compared with conventional probiotics.Bacillus subtilis can be used as a microecological agent in livestock，poultry and aquaculture production，and has positive impact on animal production performance via improvement of digestion and absorption.Bacillus subtilis can improve meat quality，enhance immunity and regulate intestinal health.The biological characteristics of Bacillus subtilis，the application in livestock，poultry and aquaculture production and the impact on intestinal health were reviewed in this paper，so as to provide reference for further development and utilization of Bacillus subtilis microecologics for feeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Predation Ability and Preference of Arma chinensis against Helicoverpa armigera Larvae CHEN Junhua, LI Feifan, DU Yueqing, XIE Jiaxin, ZHANG Qiaoqiao, WANG Chenxu, GUO Shibao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 109-118.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.011 Abstract （364）      PDF （1762KB）（420）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the biological control potential of Arma chinensis on Helicoverpa armigera larvae，we measured the predatory functional responses and search effects of 3rd—4th instar A.chinensis nymphs and female adults on 2nd—4th instar H.armigera larvae under controlled indoor conditions.We also investigated the intraspecific interference effects of 5th instar A.chinensis nymphs，as well as male and female adults，on predation of 2nd instar H.armigera，along with the predation preferences of female A.chinensis adults for 3rd instar H.armigera larvae versus Tenebrio molitor pupae. The results indicated that both nymphs of the 3rd and 4th instars and female adults were capable of preying on 2nd—4th instar H.armigera，with their predatory response conforming to Holling’s type Ⅱ model.The control efficiency across different developmental stages of A.chinensis was ranked as follows：female adults>4th instar nymphs>3rd instar nymphs.Notably，the amount preyed upon by individuals of the same age decreased as prey age increased，with maximum daily predation rates recorded at 36.778 for female adults，28.351 for 4th instar nymphs，and 26.938 for 3rd instar nymphs targeting 2nd instar H.armigera，which demonstrated that female adults exhibited the highest predation capacity against these larvae.Furthermore，our findings revealed that search efficiency improved as prey density decreased，while intraspecific interference among A.chinensis was influenced by their own density in the following order：5th instar nymphs>male adults>female adults. Regarding predation preference，when both T.molitor pupae and 3rd instar H.armigera larvae were present，A.chinensis showed a stronger inclination to prey on the pupae.These insights provide a valuable foundation for future research into indoor propagation strategies for enhancing the biological control capabilities of A.chinensis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Nutritional Quality of Foxtail Millet Based on Principal Component Analysis and Membership Function Method ZHANG Aiqin, GUO Bin, LIU Lilong, LI Xuhua, WANG Qing, XU Rui, ZHANG Huan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 28-39.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.004 Abstract （363）      PDF （4001KB）（81）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the characteristics of nutritional content of different foxtail millet varieties from Longzhong area in Gansu Province，establish a standard evaluation system of nutritional quality and screen the foxtail millet varieties with excellent nutritional quality，10 foxtail millet varieties from Longzhong area(Huining County，Baiyin City)in Gansu Province were used as materials，19 nutritional quality indexes including basic nutrients(moisture，ash，carbohydrate，protein，crude fat，starch，amylose，amylopectin contents and amylose/amylopectin)，functional nutrients(flavone，total phenol，crude polysaccharide contents)and mineral elements(Zn，Mn，Cu，Fe，Ca，Mg，Se contents)were measured，and principal component analysis and membership function methods were used to evaluate the nutritional quality of foxtail millet. The results showed that there was significant difference in the contents of 18 nutritional components excluding moisture content from 10 foxtail millet varieties，with variation coefficients ranging from 1.58% to 103.46%，which indicated that there was great difference in the individual nutritional quality index among different foxtail millet varieties. Protein，amylose，polysaccharide，Mg，Se and Zn contents were determined as core indexes for the evaluation of nutritional quality of foxtail millet by principal component analysis，correlation analysis and cluster analysis. The nutritional quality evaluation model was established by principal component analysis，and the top three foxtail millet varieties were M‑8(Longgu 23)，M‑10(Longgu 029)and M‑9(Longgu 032)based on the comprehensive score of nutritional quality，consistent with the results of the membership function evaluation，which indicated that these three varieties had better nutritional quality.Ten foxtail millet varieties could be divided into three categories by cluster analysis，and class Ⅱ included M‑8 and M‑9，whose comprehensive nutritional quality performed better. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Detoxication Effects of Eight Kinds of Alleviators on Phytotoxicity of Nicosulfuron to Tobacco YANG Nan, WANG Mingxin, JIANG Shengfei, LI Junying, FAN Liangxin, CHANG Dong, YIN Guangyu, XU Cuilian Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 99-109.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.010 Abstract （353）      PDF （2860KB）（88）       Knowledge map    Save To address the phytotoxicity of residual nicosulfuron in maize field to following tobacco crop，the detoxification effects of commercially available safeners such as naphtha anhydride，cyclopropane sulfonamide，benoxacor，dichlormid，and plant growth regulators such as gibberellin，brassinolide，DA‑6，and Leu‑Ile‑Val mixture on phytotoxicity of nicosulfuron to tobacco were studied by indor pot experiment，field experiment，and biochemical analysis. The results showed that different amount of nicosulfuron demonstrated great inhibitory effect on the growth of tobacco，and the inhibitory effect increased with the increasing of nicosulfuron.The detoxication was the best when the concentrations of cyclopropane sulfonamide，dichlormid，gibberellin，brassinolide，and Leu‑Ile‑Val mixture were 10，20，40，0.1，30 mg/L，while the detoxication of other three alleviators was not significant.The results of field tests indicated that the detoxication of cyclopropane sulfonamide and dichlormid was better than other three chemicals，and dichlormid showed the best performance.After adding dichlormid for 63 days，the leaf length，leaf width，plant height，leaf number，and stem girth of tobacco was increased by 26.4%，21.6%，13.2%，75.2% and 14.3% compared to the control group.Compared with the control treatment with nicosulfuron，the treatment with cyclopropane sulfonamide and dichlormid by root irrigation showed 51.91%－61.81% and 60.29%－91.95% increase for superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity，catalase（CAT）activity，nitrate reductase（NR）activity and glutathione S‑transferase（GST）activity，respectively.Of note，the dichlormid treatment was better than cyclopropane sulfonamide. In summary，when nicosulfuron was used as herbicide in the previous maize field，the nicosulfuron‑caused phytotoxicity to tobacco can be effectively alleviated by cyclopropane sulfonamide and dichlormid，and 20 mg/L（50 mL/plant）of dichlormid should be used preferentially. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Genetic Diversity and DNA Fingerprint Map of Pumpkin Based on ISSR Markers WANG Jialong, MA Kun, ZHOU Jing, ZHU Jinfang, GAO Peng, HUANG Fengjiao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 119-130.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.012 Abstract （340）      PDF （3327KB）（71）       Knowledge map    Save In order to provide theoretical basis for pumpkin variety identification，germplasm conservation and innovation，31 pumpkin germplasm resources were used as materials，and 7 inter‑simple sequence repeat（ISSR）primers with rich polymorphic information were selected to analyze the genetic diversity of the materials and establish DNA fingerprint map.The results showed that a total of 73 bands were amplified by 7 ISSR primers，including 72 polymorphic bands（polymorphic band rate：98.63%）.The average number of observed alleles，the average number of effective alleles，the average Nei’s gene diversity index，and the average Shannon’s diversity information index were 1.986 3，1.570 4，0.329 9and 0.494 4，respectively.The interspecific genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.12 to 0.89，with an average value of 0.46.Unweighted pair‑group method with arithmetic means（UPGMA）clustering analysis showed that 31 pumpkin materials were classified into Cucurbita moschata D.，Cucurbita pepo L.and Cucurbita maxima D.at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0. 46.Furthermore，the DNA fingerprint map for 31 pumpkin materials was constructed using the 14 polymorphic sites amplified by primer UBC811 and primer UBC843.All varieties in the DNA fingerprint map were unique，which could be used for molecular identification of varieties.In conclusion，the genetic diversity of 31 pumpkin materials was rich，Cucurbita moschata D.was closer to Cucurbita pepo L.，and the two were more distantly related to Cucurbita maxima D.，which could provide scientific basis for the conservation of pumpkin germplasm resources and variety innovation.The DNA fingerprint map of pumpkin based on the ISSR molecular marker technology could provide a new way for the identification of pumpkin varieties. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Inversion of Soil Organic Carbon Content in the Central Yunnan Plateau Based on Sentinel⁃2A Images and XGBoost Model YAN Zhengfei, YANG Minglong, TANG Xiujuan, XIA Yonghua, YANG Zhen, LI Wantao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 145-153.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.017 Abstract （339）      PDF （3267KB）（77）       Knowledge map    Save Soil organic carbon（SOC）plays a crucial role in maintaining soil fertility，promoting plant growth，and supporting sustainable agricultural development. Therefore，efficient and accurate acquisition of SOC content is of great significance. This study utilized Sentinel⁃2A multispectral remote sensing imagery combined with measured SOC content，Sentinel⁃1 backscattering coefficients，vegetation indices and topographic factors（elevation，slope，aspect）to investigate the inversion of SOC content in the Yao’an irrigation district using Random forest（RF），Deep forest（DF），and XGBoost models.The results indicated that，from the perspective of different combinations of auxiliary variables，incorporating various factors（vegetation indices，topographic factors，backscattering coefficients，etc.）significantly improved the prediction accuracy of SOC content.Specifically，the inclusion of topographic factors increased the R2 values of the RF，DF and XGBoost models by 0.052 3，0.039 8，0.068 9，respectively.Analysis of the prediction results from different models showed that both XGBoost and DF models could effectively predict SOC content in cultivated land. Among them，the XGBoost model combined with the M3 variable set（including 12 bands of Sentinel⁃2A spectral image，vegetation indices，Sentinel⁃1 backscattering coefficients，and topographic factors） achieved the highest prediction accuracy（R2=0.810 6，RMSE=1.813 2），followed by the DF model（R2=0.751 2，RMSE=1.925 5），while the RF model exhibited relatively lower predictive performance（R2=0.624 5，RMSE=2.503 1） Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Utilization Potential of Major Crop Straws and Livestock Manure in Jiangxi Province CHE Qifeng, CHEN Xingyue, HU Tingting, ZHANG Jie, ZHANG Jing, HUANG Wenjie, TU Qihong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 86-98.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.009 Abstract （333）      PDF （23945KB）（51）       Knowledge map    Save This paper analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of major crop straws and livestock manure in Jiangxi Province and their resource utilization potential，in order to promote the effective use of agricultural waste. Based on the spatial statistical analysis method of GIS，this study estimated the amount of major crop straws and livestock manure generated and their theoretical values of resource utilization in each county（city，district）of Jiangxi Province in 2021，and analyzed their spatial distribution patterns and cold hotspot areas.The results showed that in 2021，the total amount of major crop straw which could be collected in Jiangxi Province was 23.868 2 million tons，and the straw type was mainly rice straw.It generally showed the characteristics of rich in the north and poor in the south，mainly concentrated in the northern part of Poyang Lake Plain，and its theoretical value was equivalent to 11.337 4 million tons of organic carbon，227 000 tons of N，31 600 tons of P，420 800 tons of K，6.613 6 million tons of standard coal or 3.05×109 m3 methane gas.The annual production of livestock manure was 70.652 3 million tons，of which poultry manure produced the most，accounting for 40.27% of the total amount of livestock manure.It generally presented a north‑south poor，central rich characteristics，theoretically equivalent to 9.746 3 million tons of organic carbon，487 000 tons of N，175 300 tons of P，315 900 tons of K，11.581 million tons of standard coal，or 8.26×109 m3 methane gas.There were 14 hotspots for crop straw，11 hotspots for livestock manure，and 5 double hotspots for straw‑livestock manure at 99% confidence level.Crop straw hotspots should realistically choose direct return to the field，basal material utilization，fertilizer utilization，energy utilization，feed utilization，raw material utilization，mushroom farming and other suitable utilization direction，livestock manure hotspots should comprehensively consider the development of biogas or way of on‑site return to the field recycling，straw‑livestock manure double hotspots should consider the multi‑level，diversified utilization pattern，giving priority to the integration of agriculture and animal husbandry，and the development of eco‑agriculture. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and Identification of Monoclonal Antibody against gE Protein of Porcine Pseudorabies Virus WANG Ruining, WANG Xun, LI Ge, LI Qingmei, LI Cunfa, YANG Suzhen, GUO Junqing Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 167-173.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.017 Abstract （324）      PDF （3621KB）（55）       Knowledge map    Save In order to develop an immunodiagnostic reagent for porcine pseudorabies virus（PRV），BALB/c mice were immunized with the recombinant gE protein expressed in HEK293F cells.The spleen cells of immunized mice and SP2/0 myeloma cells were fused to generate hybridoma cells.Indirect ELISA and immunoperoxidase monolayer assay（IPMA）were used to screen positive hybridoma cells so as to prepare and identify monoclonal antibodies against the gE protein of PRV.The outcomes demonstrated that two hybridoma cell strains，named 2B5 and 8F7，respectively，which steadily secreted monoclonal antibody against the gE protein were developed.The ELISA titers of ascites were all 1∶1 000 000.IgG1 was the heavy chain and Kappa was the light chain，according to the monoclonal antibody isotype assay.The specificity assay revealed that the two monoclonal antibodies only reacted with PRV and not with other viruses. SDS‑PAGE results showed that the purified monoclonal antibodies had high‑purity specific bands at about 50 ku and 25 ku.The two monoclonal antibody strains could react specifically with 293T cells transfected with gE plasmid according to indirect immunofluorescence assay（IFA）detection.Western blot showed that the specific protein band appearing in the culture supernatant of two hybridoma cells was about 120 ku，indicating that the two monoclonal antibodies could specifically recognize PRV. To summarize，this study successfully prepared two strains of monoclonal antibodies against gE protein，exhibiting excellent specificity and high titer，which provided crucial biological materials required for the subsequent development of diagnostic kits. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Irrigation and Fertilization Rates on the Growth，Yield and Quality of Fennel QI Tiancheng, LI Yinghai, LI Yangyang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 66-75.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.007 Abstract （319）      PDF （2147KB）（130）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the effects of different irrigation and fertilization rates on the growth and development，yield composition and quality of fennel，three irrigation quotas（1 800，3 000，4 200 m3/ha），three irrigation times（2，3，4 times）and three fertilization levels（270，450，630 kg/ha）were set.Orthogonal experiment was used to design 9 treatments to determine the growth，production and commodity indexes of fennel. The influences of the three factors on fennel growth，yield and quality were studied by range and variance analysis.The principal component analysis was used to select representative principal components and the membership function method was used to comprehensively evaluate the 9 treatments.The results showed that there were significant differences in the growth characters，yield composition and quality of fennel under different treatments.The influencing order of the three factors was irrigation quota>irrigation times>fertilization amount.There was a certain correlation between different indexes，and the correlation coefficient between the number of flowers and the yield per plant was 0.99. The top three treatments from high to low according to the comprehensive evaluation values were treatment 9（4 200 m3/ha，4 times，450 kg/ha），treatment 3（1 800m3/ha，4 times，630 kg/ha）and treatment 6（3 000 m3/ha，4 times，270 kg/ha）. The yield of treatment 9 was 3 728.25 kg/ha，53.98% significantly higher than that of treatment 1（1 800 m3/ha，2 times，270 kg/ha），and the comprehensive evaluation value reached 0.837.The content of essential oil in treatment 3 was the highest，being 43.70 g/kg；The plant height of treatment 6 was the highest，being 131.53 cm. In conclusion，the optimal irrigation and fertilization mode for fennel in Ningxia is irrigation quota of 4 200 m3/ha，irrigation time of 4 times（once in growth period，twice in flowering period and once in fruit setting period），fertilizer application amount of 450 kg/ha（once in growth period and once in flowering period）. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and Function Analysis of Rice Sucrose Transporter OsSUT4 Gene CAI Yumeng, WANG Ying, HE Fei, LIU Yanqing, LIU Jingyan, GUO Yanli, SUN Yue, SU Jingping, WANG Shengjun, LI Junling Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 1-7.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.001 Abstract （306）      PDF （5128KB）（118）       Knowledge map    Save The rice sucrose transporter gene OsSUT4 was cloned，and sucrose transport capability of OsSUT4 was verified by yeast heterologous expression system.The gene was overexpressed in rice，the phenotype of transgenic plants was observed，and the salt tolerance and drought resistance was identified，so as to explore the role of the OsSUT4 gene in stress resistance in rice and provide new gene resources and theoretical foundations for rice genetic improvement. The results showed that OsSUT4 gene was primarily expressed in the flag leaves at jointing stage；The sucrose transport capability of OsSUT4 was confirmed for the first time using the yeast heterologous expression system；Overexpression of OsSUT4 gene did not significantly alter the grain morphology or the thousand⁃grain weight，but significantly increased plant height and survival rates under salt and drought stresses，thereby enhancing the salt tolerance and drought resistance of rice. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and Functional Characterization of Endophytic Microbes from Mulberry Tree（Morus alba L.） LI Sha, YANG Jiahu, WANG Yanhui, HUANG Xinqiu, YANG Wen Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 77-86.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.009 Abstract （305）      PDF （3965KB）（53）       Knowledge map    Save This study used methods such as microbial culture，target gene sequence amplification，and homology identification to isolate and identify endophytic microbes in Morus alba L.，and explored the strain types，distribution characteristics，and functional characteristics of endophytic bacteria and fungi in the roots，stems，and leaves of Yunsang No.6 mulberry.The results showed that a total of 43 endophytic bacteria belonging to 9 genera and 22 endophytic fungi belonging to 14 genera were isolated from mulberry trees. Among them，21 bacteria and 11 fungi were isolated from roots，13 bacteria and 5 fungi were isolated from stems，and 9 bacteria and 6 fungi were isolated from leaves.There were significant differences in the distribution of endophytic microbes in the roots，stems，and leaves of mulberry trees，there were Falsibacillus pallidus，Bacillus velezensis and Pseudomonas koreensis shared in the roots and stems of mulberry trees，Pantoea agglomerans，Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas koreensis shared in the stems and leaves，and Pseudomonas koreensis shared in the roots，stems，and leaves；Endophytic fungi Colletotrichum siamense was shared in mulberry roots and leaves，but no common fungi were found to exist in the stems and leaves，stems and roots.Further screening of functional microbes showed that 8 strains of nitrogen fixing microbes（7 bacteria，1 fungus），4 strains of phosphorus solubilizing microbes（2 bacteria，2 fungi），and 8 strains of potassium solubilizing microbes（6 bacteria，2 fungi）were obtained from 65 endophytic microbes，respectively.In summary，endophytic bacteria and fungi in mulberry trees exhibit diversity and distribution differences in roots，stems，and leaves.Among endophytic bacteria and fungi in mulberry trees，there are functional strains that can dissolve phosphorus，nitrogen，and potassium. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Studies on Pollen Viability and Storage Characteristics of Yuluxiang Pear Hybrid Progeny HUANG Ping, YANG Ce, PENG Jianying, ZHANG Yuxing Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 136-143.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.014 Abstract （301）      PDF （1354KB）（38）       Knowledge map    Save This study explored the variation characteristics of pollen fertility and pollen storage characteristics in pear hybrid progeny，to provide a basis for production application and theoretical research. The pollens from 20 strains of each hybrid progeny of Yuluxiang×Shinseiki and Yuluxiang×Xianghongli crosses were used as test materials.The fertility of the pollens was determined by determining the germination rate of different strains by in vitro culture，and the pollens of 3‑4，7‑9，6‑17，10‑4 and 6‑3 strains were stored at −20 ℃ to observe the change of vigour during storage. The results showed that the pollen germination rates of 15 out of 20 strains of the Yuluxiang×Shinseiki cross progeny differed to different degrees of significance，and there were 5 sterile strains.The pollen viability of 7 out of 20 strains of Yuluxiang×Xianghongli cross progeny had different degrees of significant differences，and there were 13 sterile strains. Pollen viability after 13 months of storage was not significantly different from fresh pollen for 17 strains in the two cross combinations，while fresh pollen and pollen stored for 13 months were significantly different for 3 strains，with decreases of 34.91% for strain 10‑173，55.48% for strain 3‑4 and 100% for strain 2‑13.The results of pollen viability dynamics of five strains of 3‑4，7‑9，6‑17，10‑4 and 6‑3 stored at -20℃ showed that the pollen viability of 7‑9，6‑17 and 6‑3 increased and then decreased with the prolongation of storage time，while the pollen viability of 3‑4 showed no significant change in the first three months，and then began to decrease.Among the five strains，the pollen germination rate of 6‑3，10‑4，6‑17，and 7‑9 did not decrease compared with that of fresh pollen after 13 months of storage，while that of 3‑4 was less than 50% of that of fresh pollen.There are significant differences in pollen viability to varying degrees and different proportions of sterile strains in the progeny of both the Yuluxiang×Shinseiki and Yuluxiang×Xianghongli crosses；the pollen viability of the progeny of the former combination is significantly higher than that of the latter combination，and the proportion of sterile strains is significantly lower than that of the latter combination. -20℃ low temperature condition is suitable for pear pollen storage for one year，and the pollen viability after storage can meet the pollination requirements. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Rice B12D Gene Family and Expression Analysis under Submergence Stress ZHANG Zhaoran, ZHU Boyi, GAO Song, LI Zhaowei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 31-42.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.004 Abstract （300）      PDF （6123KB）（205）       Knowledge map    Save In order to better understand the function of rice B12D gene，the genome‑wide identification and bioinformatics analysis of rice B12D gene family members were done，and the expression difference of B12D gene in rice（Nipponbare）and upland rice（Kunhan 1）under submergence stress was analyzed by real‑time fluorescence quantitative PCR（qRT‑PCR）.Finally，the possible interaction proteins of B12D were found by Alphafold analysis. The results showed that there were six B12D genes in rice genome，which were distributed on three chromosomes.The number of amino acids of B12D protein ranged from 89 aa to 98 aa，and the isoelectric point ranged from 9.65 to 10.34，which was alkaline.Except that OsB12D3 was located in the cell membrane，the other five B12D proteins were located in mitochondria.The B12D gene family had only one pairs of collinearity genes between Arabidopsis thaliana and rice，and three pairs of collinearity genes between rice and maize.In addition，OsB12D1 gene and OsB12D2 genes had a collinearity relationship with OsB12D3 gene.The protein sequence of rice B12D family had high homology and strong conservation.The promoter of rice B12D gene family contained a large number of light response elements，hormone response elements，stress response elements and development related elements.The expression levels of six B12D genes were different in different tissues，OsB12D1 and OsB12D2 genes were mainly expressed in roots；OsB12D3 gene was mainly expressed in ovary，embryo and endosperm；OsB12D4 gene was highly expressed in most tissues；OsB12D5 and OsB12D6 genes were significantly expressed in stamens，the expression level of OsB12D5 gene was lower，the expression level of OsB12D6 gene was higher，and there were different expression levels in other tissues for OsB12D6 gene.The expression levels of OsB12D1 and OsB12D2 genes in Nipponbare were significantly higher than that in Kunhan 1，the increase of OsB12D1and OsB12D2 gene expression levels after submergence stress was higher than that in Kunhan 1，and the decrease of ATP content was lower than that in Kunhan 1.Rice B12D interacted with heme C and cytochrome C1.In summary，the rice B12D gene family may play an important role in rice growth and development，response to submergence stress and so on. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Physiological Mechanism of Maize Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Line C01 LIU Xinyi, LIAO Zhijie, LÜ Dan, MO Jiamei, JIA Wei, LUO Hongbing Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 21-27.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.003 Abstract （291）      PDF （2086KB）（75）       Knowledge map    Save In order to reveal the physiological mechanism of maize cytoplasmic male sterility，the agronomic traits and pollen morphology of cytoplasmic male sterility line C01 and maintainer line T01 were investigated，and the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD）and catalase（CAT）and the contents of malondialdehyde（MDA），soluble sugar，soluble protein and free proline in leaves were measured at seedling stage（V1），jointing stage（V6），11 leaves stage（V11），tasseling stage（VT），pollen dispersing stage（R1）and seed formation stage（R2），respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in agronomic traits between the sterile line C01 and the maintainer line T01，but there was significant difference in anther morphology. The anthers of T01 were full and normally dehiscent，light yellow，and there were pollens；the anthers of C01 were shriveled，non‑dehiscent，tender green，the length and cross‑sectional diameter of the anthers were significantly lower than those of T01，and there was no pollen.From V1 to VT，the soluble sugar content in C01 leaves was significantly lower than that in T01；Except for VT，the soluble protein content in C01 leaves was significantly lower than that in T01；The content of free proline in C01 leaves was significantly lower than that in T01 at VT and R1；At all growth stages，the SOD activity in C01 leaves was significantly lower than that in T01，there was no significant difference in POD activity，and the CAT activity was significantly lower than that in T01 at V11 and VT；There was no significant difference in MDA content.It is inferred that the synthesis and transport pathways of soluble sugar，soluble protein and free proline of C01 may be blocked，and the insufficient energy supply may lead to low CAT and SOD activity，which in turn leads to male sterility of C01. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Nano⁃ZnO Applications in Plant Disease Control PENG Yulong1, SUN Xiaofang2, HUANG Yun3, ZHAO Ziyan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.001 Abstract （289）      PDF （1369KB）（147）       Knowledge map    Save With the advancement of nanotechnology，nano⁃ZnO has garnered significant attention in the field of plant protection due to its excellent antimicrobial properties. This review summarizes the direct inhibitory effects of nano⁃ZnO on plant pathogenic bacteria，fungi，oomycetes，viruses，and nematodes，as well as its roles in inducing plant disease resistance，promoting plant growth，and other potential beneficial effects. Additionally，it discusses the applications of nano⁃ZnO composites，doped nano⁃ZnO，and green⁃synthesized nano⁃ZnO in controlling plant diseases.Finally，this review highlights that future research on the application of nano⁃ZnO in plant disease control is expected to focus on broadening its application evaluation in various pathogens，delving into its mechanisms of action，and optimizing the performance of nano⁃ZnO to enhance application efficacy. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Potential Suitable Areas Variation of Cercis glabra under Different Climate Scenarios Based on MaxEnt Model ZHANG Yucui, YAN Caixia, ZHAO Lin, TAN Jianghong, WANG Cheng, YUAN Liang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 160-169.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.017 Abstract （287）      PDF （5130KB）（74）       Knowledge map    Save In order to provide scientific basis for protection，introduction and transplantation of Cercis glabra，the dominant environmental factors which affected the geographical distribution of Cercis glabra and the variation trend of potential suitable areas of Cercis glabra in modern and future periods were researched. Based on the 329 distribution records of Cercis glabra in China，3 topographic variables，19 climate variables in modern times and future climate scenarios of low greenhouse gas emissions（ssp126），moderate greenhouse gas emissions（ssp245），high greenhouse gas emissions（ssp585）in the shared socio‑economic pathway（SSP），the dominant environmental factors which affected the geographical distribution of Cercis glabra were analyzed，and then the distribution，area，spatial pattern change，centroid migration trend of potential suitable areas of Cercis glabra were predicted by MaxEnt model and ArcGIS software in modern times and future climate scenarios. The results showed that the most important environmental factors were min temperature of coldest month（Bio6），annual precipitation（Bio12）and mean diurnal range（Bio2）for the distribution of potential suitable areas of Cercis glabra，the optimal ranges were -5.5—5.0 ℃，less than 1 750 mm，7.1—9.8 ℃ respectively. The total potential suitable area of Cercis glabra was 231. 46×104 km2 in modern times，and mainly distributed in middle‑south of East China，most areas of Central China，middle‑north of South China，east of Southwest and Northwest China，and the high，moderate，low suitable areas accounted for 24. 66%，35. 21% and 40.13% respectively. In different periods in future climate scenarios，the spatial distributions of suitable areas are similar to modern times，but the total suitable areas are more than modern times，in the climate scenarios of ssp126，ssp245，ssp585，the total potential suitable areas will increase by 0. 49%，5.02%，4.64% in 2050s（2041—2060），and increase by 2.93%，4.47%，5.45% in 2070s（2061—2080）；Under the climate scenarios of ssp245 and ssp585，the newly increased rates of the suitable areas are 0.88‑1.82 percentage points higher than those in the same period of ssp126 in 2050s and 2070s，while the lost rates are comparable or slightly smaller；Generally，the newly increased rate is 4.80%—6.71%，and the lost rate is 3.37%—4.65%，it is mainly reflected in the increase of the moderate suitable areas and the decrease of the high suitable areas；The potential suitable areas of Cercis glabra will migrate northward slightly as a whole，and the migration distances are less than 1 latitude；While its distribution center will move to northwest or southwest less than 300 km，then transfer to the border region in the south of Chongqing，north of Guizhou Province，southeast of Sichuan Province，and the meridional movements are more than latitudinal movements significantly，meanwhile，the movement distances in 2070s are less than 2050s. It showes that in the future，the meridional changes of climate environment are more than latitudinal changes，and the migration distances of the distribution centers will show a reducing trend over time；Under the climate with moderate and high greenhouse gas emissions，the climate environment will be more conducive to expansion of the suitable areas of Cercis glabra. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome‑wide Association Analysis of Wild Soybean Seedling Traits and Screening of Candidate Cadmium‑tolerant Genes CHE Yali, WU Sujun, WANG Kunyang, WANG Yanli, ZHANG Kai, QIAO Yake, YUAN Quan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 40-54.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.005 Abstract （286）      PDF （7939KB）（46）       Knowledge map    Save Wild soybean is a close relative of cultivated soybean，which has abundant resistance alleles. In order to screen cadmium‑tolerant wild soybean germplasm resources and analyze its molecular mechanism of cadmium‑tolerance，205 wild soybean lines from eastern Hebei Province were selected as research materials.A hydroponic experiment was conducted to set up cadmium stress and control(without cadmium stress)with two environmental replicates in November 2022 and July 2023. The shoot fresh weight(SFW)，root fresh weight(RFW)，plant height(PH)，root length(RL)were determined，and root shoot ratio(RSR)of fresh weight，cadmium tolerance coefficient(CTC)corresponding to each trait and cadmium tolerance evaluation value(D value)of each wild soybean strain were calculated. At the same time，genome‑wide association analysis(GWAS) was carried out，and then haplotype analysis was performed on significant single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)on chromosome 15.The results showed that the average value of seedlings traits under cadmium stress were lower than those of the control except for RSR. The results of frequency analysis showed that the CTC in the two environments showed normal distribution and genetic characteristics of quantitative traits. According to D value，13 cadmium‑tolerant wild soybean germplasms were screened out. Principal component analysis(PCA)showed that 205 wild soybean lines could be divided into three groups. Linkage disequilibrium(LD)analysis showed that 205 wild soybean natural populations decayed at 100 kb.A total of 195 SNPs significantly associated with cadmium tolerance in wild soybean were detected by GWAS analysis，and a single SNP could explain 1.95% to 25.43% of the phenotypic variation.A total of 591 candidate genes were identified according to the physical location of SNPs，of which 11 candidate genes were repeatedly associated with multiple SNPs，which belonged to pleiotropic effects. More importantly，genes of two metal‑tolerant proteins(MTPs)and two heavy metal‑associated isoprenylated plant proteins(HIPPs)were identified according to functional annotations.They were LOC114386540(MTP 10‑like)，LOC114388453(MTP 10‑like)，LOC114369981(HIPP 36‑like)and LOC114381753(HIPP 37‑like)，laying a foundation for elucidation of the molecular mechanism of the inheritance of cadmium tolerance in wild soybean. Haplotype analysis showed that the average CTC of haplotype 2 on chromosome 15 was the largest，which belonged to the excellent haplotype. This results provide information for analyzing the genetic mechanism of cadmium tolerance in wild soybean and provide important genetic resources for cultivating cadmium‑tolerant soybean varieties. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Inhibitory Activity of Bacillus mojavensis against Gram‑Positive Bacteria and Its Antibacterial Secondary Metabolites LI Haili, ZHANG Wanqi, XU Yindi, WANG Zhifang, ZHU Wenhao, YAN Xiangzhou, FENG Lili, YANG Fan, MA Chunjiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 149-158.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.015 Abstract （283）      PDF （8973KB）（40）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen endophytes of medicinal plants with good antibacterial effect against gram‑positive bacteria，surface disinfection method and plate confrontation method were used to isolate and screen endophytes of rosemary with antagonistic effect against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae，Streptococcus and Staphylococcus.Morphological and molecular biological identification of these endophytes were conducted，and their antibacterial active substances were explored through genome analysis.The results showed that seven strains of endophytic bacteria were isolated from different tissues such as roots，stems and leaves of rosemary.A gram‑positive endophyte（HNYJJ2211C）with good antibacterial effect was obtained from seven endophyte strains by plate confrontation assay.It was identified as Bacillus mojavensis（GCF000245335. 1）by morphology and molecular identification，which could effectively inhibit Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae，Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. Whole genome sequencing analysis showed that the genome size of HNYJJ2211C was 4 147 805 bp，the content of G+Cwas 43.8%，and the number of its coding genes was predicted to be 4 075.3 311，1 453，2 503，440 and 158 genes were annotated by COG，GO，KEGG，VFDB and CAZy respectively.AntiSMASH software predicted that there were six gene clusters related to the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Surfactin，bacillaene，fengycin，bacillibactin，subtilosin A and bacilysin were the main secondary metabolites.In the HNYJJ2211C genome，a gene called TasA was discovered，located at 24 807 14—24 814 999 bp，having a total length of 786 bp（gene2481）and encoding 261 amino acids.From the gene clusters associated with antibacterial active substances contained in its genome，it can be predicted that this strain has the potential to develop new drugs and serve as a feedable microorganism. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Mepenzolate Compounding with Plant Growth Regulator on Spatiotemporal Distribution of Boll Formation and Endogenous Hormones in Cotton ZHANG Ning, ZHANG Yongli, LIU Yujie, TU Xiaoju, ZHOU Zhonghua, LIU Aiyu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 48-57.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.006 Abstract （283）      PDF （2550KB）（250）       Knowledge map    Save Mepenzolate（DPC）compounding with plant growth regulator can effectively increase cotton yield. To clarify its effect on the law of boll formation in cotton，DPC was selected to be compounded with sodium nitroprusside（CSN），brassinolide（BR），sodium naphthylacetate（SNA），and phthalanilic acid（PHA），and a single application of DPC was used as the control. Three sprays were carried out at the budding stage，the pre⁃boll stage and the peak boll stage，and the effects of different compound combinations on the canopy structure，spatiotemporal distribution of boll formation，endogenous hormones，and yield were analyzed.The results showed that compared with the control，the compound treatment increased the leaf area index of cotton at the flowering boll stage，resulting in a significant decrease in the light transmittance of the lower canopy. The compound treatment increased the average growth rate of each reproductive organ and increased the number of flocculent bolls，and the number of cotton bolls increased by 35. 88%—46. 76% compared with the control. The compound treatment had a great effect on the vertical distribution of cotton bolls，the boll proportion in the lower part decreased compared with the control，but it increased the proportion of bolls in the middle and upper parts.The contents of indole acetic acid（IAA）and abscisic acid（ABA）in leaves could be reduced by compound treatment 10 days after the first application，and the gibberellins（GA3）content of DPC compounding with BR was significantly higher than that of the control at 30 days after application，and the compound treatment could significantly regulate the increase of zeatin riboside（ZR）content. Compared with the control，the boll formation rate of the compound treatment was significantly increased by 9.97%—16.85%，the number of bolls per hectare was significantly increased by 9.20%—17.22%，and the lint yield was significantly increased by 10.33%—22.30%. In conclusion，DPC compound treatment optimizes the spatiotemporal distribution of boll formation by regulating cotton endogenous hormones，which significantly increases the boll rate and thus increases cotton yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of LED Light Quality on Physiology，Biochemistry and Nutrient Content of Dendrobium officinale Test⁃tube Seedlings LIN Qiongyu, ZHENG Lifang, MENG Xinya, WANG Jiangning, FU Qiunuan, SONG Xiqiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 66-76.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.008 Abstract （274）      PDF （1771KB）（139）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the impact of different LED light spectrums on the growth，photosynthesis，and nutrient accumulation of Dendrobium officinale test⁃tube seedlings，using D.officinale test⁃tube seedlings as the experimental material，six different light quality treatments were established［100% red light（R），100% blue light（B），80% red light+20% blue light（8R∶2B），70% red light+30% blue light（7R∶3B），and 50% red light+50% blue light（5R∶5B），white fluorescent light used as a control group（CK）］.The growth indexes（plant height，leaf number，maximum leaf length，stem diameter，fresh weight，dry weight），antioxidant indexes［superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity，malondialdehyde（MDA） content，ascorbate peroxidase（APX）activity，peroxidase（POD）activity，catalase（CAT）activity）］，photosynthetic indexes（chlorophyll a content，chlorophyll b content，chlorophyll a+b content，chlorophyll a/b ratio，carotenoids content），chlorophyll fluorescence indexes（Fv/Fm，ΦPSⅡ ，ETRⅡ，qN，qP，Fv/Fo）and nutrient contents（amino acids，alkaloids，polysaccharides）were measured after 90 days of treatment. The results showed that the 8R∶2B treatment was beneficial to the elongation of plant height，leaf growth and the increase of stem diameter of D.officinale test⁃tube seedlings.The number of leaves and qN were highest in blue light treatment with 7.846，0.861.The antioxidant index was the best in 5R∶5B treatment as a whole，and the dry weight，fresh weight，nutrient content，chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence of test⁃tube seedlings were also the best in the 5R∶5B treatment.there were significant correlations among growth index，antioxidant enzyme index，nutrient index，chlorophyll fluorescence indexes and chlorophyll content.The results of principal component analysis showed that the physiological growth and nutrient accumulation of D.officinale test⁃tube seedlings with 5R∶5B treatment were the best，and the comprehensive score was 3.12.In conclusion，when the D.officinale test⁃tube seedlings are in the LED light quality environment of 5R∶5B treatment，it is most conducive to their growth and development and nutrient accumulation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Adaptability of Dianmai 7 and Dianmai 12 and Detection of Stripe Rust Resistant Genes at Adult Plant Stage JIANG Guofei, WANG Xuqin, ZHANG Lingyuan, BAI Yutao, ZHANG Ping, LIU Junna, LI Li, LI Hanxue, QIN Peng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 9-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.002 Abstract （274）      PDF （2147KB）（97）       Knowledge map    Save Adaptability evaluations of Dianmai 7 and Dianmai 12 were conducted at seven experimental sites in Yunnan Province，including Lijiang（altitude of 2 240 m），Chuxiong（altitude of 1 773 m），Honghe（altitude of 1 672 m），Baoshan（altitude of 1 654 m），Kunming（altitude of 1 603 m），Yuxi（altitude of 1 507 m）and Lincang（altitude of 1 476 m），and the stripe rust resistantce genes（QYr. nwafu‑4BL，Yr5，Yr10，Yr15，Yr18，Yr26，Yr29，Yr39，Yr41，Yr65，Yr67，Yr78 and Yr80）were detected at adult plant stage，so as to provide theoretical references for the promotion of the layout of dominant regions of wheat and the breeding of cultivars with resistance to stripe rust in Yunnan Province.The results showed that the two wheat cultivars at the Honghe experimental site had high yields，and their growth period，plant height，population structure and stress resistance all performed well；Dianmai 7 exhibited superior agronomic traits compared with Dianmai 12. Detection of stripe rust resistant genes of the two cultivars at adult plant stage revealed that Dianmai 7 carried two resistance genes，including Yr78+QYr. nwafu‑4BL，and Dianmai 12 carried four resistance genes，including Yr5+Yr65+Yr67+QYr. nwafu‑4BL. In conclusion，the agronomic traits of the Honghe test site are superior，and Dianmai 7 performs better than Dianmai 12，which is suitable for popularization and planting in Yunnan Province；the two cultivars show higher resistance to stripe rust at adult plant stage，and their resistance is partly determined by the additive effect of resistance genes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and Identification of Plant Growth⁃Promoting Rhizobacteria and Their Growth⁃Promoting Effects on Tobacco NIU Wenyan, LI Xiaojie, XU Min, QIU Rui, BAI Jingke, LIU Chang, CHEN Yuguo, SI Junke, LI Shujun, SONG Pengyu, SONG Shouye Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 50-59.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.006 Abstract （273）      PDF （2942KB）（446）       Knowledge map    Save To explore multifunctional beneficial microbial strains that promote tobacco growth，bacterial strains with growth⁃promoting potential were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy crops in Jiaxian County，Pingdingshan City，Henan Province.The bacterial strains were identified through morphological，physiological，biochemical analyses，and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.Their growth⁃promoting effects were confirmed through petri dish seed germination tests and pot experiments involving tobacco. The results indicated that strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 had indole⁃3⁃acetic acid（IAA）concentrations of 28.35 mg/L and 22.03 mg/L in their fermentation broths， respectively， with 1⁃aminocyclopropane⁃1⁃carboxylic acid（ACC）deaminase activities of 546.64 U/L and 521.21 U/L.Both strains also exhibited phosphate solubilization，potassium release，and nitrogen fixation capabilities.Identification confirmed that strain JLS0502 was Leclercia adecarboxylata，while strain JLS0413 was Enterobacter ludwigii.Treatment with strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 significantly improved the germination rate of tobacco seeds and promoted root elongation. Pot experiments showed that strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 significantly improved agronomic traits，including plant height，fresh weight，and root morphology of tobacco. Specifically，compared to the uninoculated control，the plant height，total fresh weight，root fresh weight，total root surface area，and total root volume increased by 66.05%，55.82%，59.30%，22.55%，29.37%，and 75.38%，66.29%，105.23%，90.15%，and 140.48%，respectively.Furthermore，the levels of plant hormones，including brassinolide（BR），gibberellin（GA），and indole⁃3⁃acetic acid（IAA），as well as the activities of defense enzymes，such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase（PAL），catalase（CAT），peroxidase（POD），polyphenol oxidase（PPO），and superoxide dismutase（SOD），were significantly higher in the tobacco leaves than in the control group.These findings highlight the significant growth⁃promoting effects of strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 on tobacco. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Bacillus on Seed Germination and Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Maize under Salt⁃Alkali Stress DENG Cong, MA Lu, WANG Qingsong, FU Jian, WANG Yufeng, YANG Kejun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 20-30.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.003 Abstract （267）      PDF （4388KB）（75）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the mitigation effect of Bacillus on salt⁃alkali stress of maize at germination stage，maize with different salt⁃alkali tolerance（Kennian No.1，Xianyu 335，Jiaqiu 105）were used as materials，the germination test was carried out by inoculating Bacillus under salt stress（100 mmol/L NaCl）and alkali stress（60 mmol/L NaHCO3），and the effects of Bacillus on the length，antioxidant enzyme（POD，SOD，CAT，APX）activity，osmotic adjustment substance（soluble protein，soluble sugar，free proline）content，membrane lipid peroxidation（superoxide anion and malondialdehyde contents）of maize plantule and embryo root under salt⁃alkali stress were studied.The results showed that the growth of maize plantule and embryo root was inhibited under salt⁃alkali stress，and the activities of antioxidant enzymes，the contents of osmotic adjustment substances and the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation all showed an upward trend. Compared with salt⁃alkali stress，Bacillus could increase the length，antioxidant enzymes activities and contents of osmotic adjustment substances，and reduce the degree of lipid peroxidation of plantule and embryo root of three maize varieties under salt⁃alkali stress.Under salt stress，inoculation of Bacillus decreased the content of superoxide anion of maize plantule by 14.74 % —49.30%，and the content of superoxide anion of maize embryo root by 0.37%—57.55%；Under alkali stress，inoculation of Bacillus decreased the content of superoxide anion of maize plantule by 18.11% —46.31%，and the content of superoxide anion of maize embryo root by 15.36%—46.83%.Overall，Bacillus can scavenge reactive oxygen species and maintain osmotic pressure balance by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and contents of osmotic adjustment substances，reduce the damage caused by salt⁃alkali stress to maize germination，and then improve the tolerance to salt and alkali. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of Tobacco Essential Oil Microcapsule and Its Application in Cigarette Paper XUE Yun, WU Yihong, LIU Yuanshang, HUANG Jiale, ZHOU Pengfei, BAI Jiafeng, JIA Xuewei, DAI Yuxiang, XU Chunping Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 154-162.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.018 Abstract （266）      PDF （2413KB）（188）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the effect of tobacco essential oil microcapsules on cigarette paper flavoring，firstly，tobacco essential oil was prepared by water distillation. Then complex coacervation method was employed to prepare tobacco essential oil microcapsules with tobacco essential oil as the core material，chitosan as the wall material，and span⁃80 as the emulsifier，and the embedding yield was determined.Subsequently，scanning electron microscopy，laser particle size analyzer and infrared spectrum analyzer were used to characterize the physical and chemical properties of microcapsules.Finally，the microcapsules were used to flavor cigarette paper，and the sensory evaluation and smoke composition analysis of the flavored cigarettes were carried out.The results showed that the average particle size of tobacco essential oil microcapsules prepared with chitosan as the wall material and tobacco essential oil as the core material was 221. 1 nm，and the embedding yield was 75.3%.The prepared tobacco essential oil microcapsules showed smooth and plump spherical surface through scanning electron microscope.The infrared spectrum analysis of tobacco essential oil，chitosan and tobacco essential oil microcapsules showed that tobacco essential oil was embedded in chitosan by comparing their characteristic absorption peaks.The results of sensory evaluation showed that the flavored cigarettes were significantly improved.When the tobacco essential oil microcapsules and tobacco essential oil were compounded at a volume ratio of 1∶2，the aroma effect was more significant，and the sensory evaluation score could reach 86.6.Compared with the control（ie.cigarettes without flavoring），the contents of nicotine，alcohols，aldehydes，acids，esters and ketones in the smoke components of the cigarettes with compound flavors were increased，and the aroma，taste and strength of cigarettes were improved. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the Preservation Effect of Melatonin on Cut Chrysanthemum TIAN Yunfang, CHU Zhigang, CHEN Lipei, HE Yixin, LIU Xiaojuan, FAN Chunli Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 119-127.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.012 Abstract （260）      PDF （3229KB）（66）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the storage and transportation resistance of cut chrysanthemum，fresh cut flowers of Youxiang were soaked in distilled water，basic vase solution（30 g/kg sucrose+250 mg/L 8‑hydroxyquinoline+200 mg/L citric acid），melatonin solution（20 μmol/L） and basic+melatonin compound solution（20 μmol/L melatonin+basic vase solution） to explore the preservation effect of melatonin on cut chrysanthemum. Based on the previous results of fresh‑keeping effect，three kinds of cut chrysanthemum Youxiang，Huangxiao and Baizhou were used as experimental materials，and three treatments were set up，light group（light 16 h/dark 8 h，distilled water），dark stress group（light 0 h/dark 24 h，distilled water）and dark relief group（light 0 h/dark 24 h，20 μmol/L melatonin），to study the alleviation effect of melatonin on leaf yellowing and senescence under dark stress. The results showed that，exogenous melatonin obviously delayed the flower diameter opening，improved water balance value and pigment content of cut chrysanthemum Youxiang，slowed down the change rate of fresh quality of cut flowers，enhanced the activities of SOD（superoxide dismutase）and POD（peroxidase），increased the content of soluble protein and decreased the relative electrical conductivity.Compared with the control，compound solution had the best preservation effect on Youxiang cut flowers（After 7 days of treatment，the average flower diameter was 7.11 cm，which was the smallest，and the flowers could continue to bloom），followed by 20 μmol/L melatonin and basic vase solution. For dark treatment，melatonin treatment increased the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid in three cut chrysanthemum leaves under dark stress，delayed the degradation rate of soluble protein，and decreased the relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content. On the 7th day of storage，the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content of cut chrysanthemum in dark relief group decreased the most compared with that in dark stress group，with Youxiang decreased by 13.76% and 12.12%，Huangxiao by 17.35% and 12.47%，and Baizhou by 10.64% and 13.28%，all reaching significant levels（P<0.05）. 20 μmol/L melatonin could alleviate the dark stress in cut chrysanthemum leaves. It is concluded that melatonin can decrease the content of MDA by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in cut chrysanthemum，so as to alleviate the dark stress and prolong the green period of leaves，which provides theoretical basis for the application of melatonin in long‑distance transportation of cut chrysanthemum. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects and Comprehensive Evaluation of Different Plant Regulators on Growth of Sugar Beets YUAN Tuantuan, LIU Changbing, BEN Qiuping, DING Zhaofei, WANG Kaiyong, FAN Hua, LI Weinong, LI Zhiqiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 40-49.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.005 Abstract （259）      PDF （3563KB）（42）       Knowledge map    Save To identify suitable growth regulators for sugar beets under drip irrigation in Xinjiang and improve the sugar beets yield，the effects of different plant growth regulators on agronomic traits，photosynthetic characteristics，yield of sugar beets were investigated. At 50，70，and 90 days after the emergence of sugar beets，four plant growth regulators DPC，CCC，S3307 and ETH，were sprayed three times on the sugar beets，with water as the control（CK），in 2021 and 2022.The results showed that plant growth regulators could effectively reduce plant height，increase photosynthetic pigment content in sugar beet leaves by 7.38%—16.81% and the net photosynthetic rate by 0.54%—21.54%.The four treatments could increase the yield of sugar beet by 5.97%，12.91%，2.84%，14.20% in 2021，and 10.46%，13.08%，8.39%，18.17% in 2022，respectively，compared with CK. The sugar production of the four regulator treatments was increased by 4.56%，10.90%，6.87%，10.35% in 2021，and 8.34%，11.87%，9.44%，0.43% in 2022.By combining PCA（principal component analysis）and entropy weighted TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation，the impact level of the four growth regulators on sugar beets showed CCC>ETH>DPC>S3307>CK.Overall，CCC was the best regulator in regulating the growth，yield，and quality of sugar beets. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Mulching Methods on Soil Physicochemical Properties，Yield and Quality of Cigar Tobacco Leaves HE Yuan, LI Longke, GAO Huajun, WU Zongyi, CHEN Guoyu, LIU Chunkui, LI Meng, WU Xiaozong, XU Chunping Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 54-61.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.006 Abstract （258）      PDF （1299KB）（116）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the effects of different mulching models on the physicochemical properties of tobacco‑planting soil，and the yield and quality of cigar tobacco leaves in Hainan，a field experiment using Haiyan 101 as the test material with five treatments including no mulch（CK），dual color film mulching and removed at 30—35 days after post‑transplant（G1），dual color film covering throughout the whole growth period（G2），biodegradable film mulching within the whole growth period（G3），and crop straw incorporation（G4）was conducted.The change of physical and chemical properties of tobacco‑planting soil under different mulching models was studied，and the regulation on agronomic traits of cigar tobacco during the main growth period，the physical characteristics，chemical properties and combustibility of leaves and the economic benefits were also explored.The results showed that compared with CK，the soil temperature under G3 significantly increased by 7.12% during the vigorous growth period，and that of G4 significantly increased by 10. 01% at maturity. During root spreading period and cluster period，G3 improved the available potassium content by 10.27% and 8.13%，espectively.Compared to CK，the SPAD value in cluster period treated with G3 significantly increased by 8.49%，and the plant height significantly increased by 13.10% in vigorous growth period. At maturity，the stem circumference，maximum leaf length and width under G3 significantly increased by 6.39%，8.09% and 6.17% compared with CK，respectively.After fermentation，compared with CK，G3 reduced the leaf thickness by 5.88%.Among all treatments，G3 had the highest tobacco yield，output value，and economic benefits，with a significant increase of 46.70% in economic benefits compared to CK.In summary，biodegradable film mulching during whole growing period could improve the soil physicochemical properties，maintain well physical characteristic，coordinated chemical composition and good combustibility，and ultimately generate better economic benefits in Hainan tobacco‑planting areas. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamics of Fruit Development and Modeling of Ruanzhidahong Dragon Fruit SONG Liang, XU Tingting, LU Xuehe, ZHANG Haidong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 174-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.018 Abstract （254）      PDF （1638KB）（48）       Knowledge map    Save The study investigated the dynamic changes in four growth parameters during fruit development of Ruanzhidahong dragon fruit grown in the Yangtze River Delta region.The growth parameters were horizontal and vertical diameter，fresh and dry weight.Four growth equations（Logistic，Gompertz，Richards，cubic polynomial） were chosen to establish fruit growth models using physiological development time（PDT）as the scale. The appropriate mathematical models for each parameter were determined based on the fitting results and validated using independent data.The results indicated that cubic polynomial was appropriate for the dynamic changes of horizontal and vertical diameters，while Logistic equation was suitable for determining the fresh and dry weights of Ruanzhidahong fruits.The R² values for all fitted models exceeded 0.98.The model’s test results indicated that the relative root mean square error（RRMSE）for horizontal and vertical diameter，fresh and dry weight was less than 15%，demonstrating a successful simulation. Therefore，the models obtained in this study demonstrate high predictive accuracy for growth parameters of Ruanzhidahong dragon fruit.They can be served as a theoretical foundation for cultivation management of this variety in the Yangtze River Delta region. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution Levels and Sources in Melon Fields in Two Typical Producing Areas of Xinjiang PAN Juxiu, SHEN Qi, WANG Xiaoting, KANG Qi, WUJISIGULENG, HE Weizhong, WANG Cheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 88-98.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.010 Abstract （251）      PDF （2668KB）（30）       Knowledge map    Save In order to determine the level and sources of soil heavy metal pollution in two typical melon fields in Xinjiang，183 soil samples were selected as the research objects，according to the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Soil Heavy Metal Determination（DB 65T3974—2017），the content of six heavy metals，Cr，Ni，As，Cd，Pb，and Cu，in soil samples was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP⁃MS）. The single factor pollution index and Nemero comprehensive pollution index，ground accumulation pollution index，and potential ecological risk index of soil samples were calculated.A health risk assessment model was used to evaluate the pollution levels of six heavy metals in the samples，and principal component analysis was used to analyze the sources of the six heavy metals in the samples. The results showed that among the six heavy metals in the soil samples，the maximum values of As and Cd exceeded the risk screening values，indicating a relatively high degree of pollution.The Nemero comprehensive pollution index in the two production areas reached 3.74 and 1.40，respectively，indicating severe and mild pollution. In terms of land accumulation index， both production areas had the highest As pollution level. The health risks of heavy metal pollution to children were higher than those to adults，and the contribution rate of oral intake was relatively higher.Cr，Ni，and Cu in soil might be derived from parent materials，while human activities were an important source of As，Cd，and Pb in the samples. In summary，it is necessary to reduce the impact of human activities on soil As and Cd pollution in melon fields in the study area through various means. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Basic Study on Material Metabolism of Flue‑cured Tobacco Related to Maturity Based on Non‑targeted Metabolomics LIU Tengfei, LI Qiujian, ZHANG Li, SHI Qiuhuan, LI Yuanbo, ZHANG Xue, XU Jiayang, JIA Wei, HAN Dan, XU Zicheng, SHI Jiuchang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 43-53.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.005 Abstract （247）      PDF （3744KB）（184）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the quantitative indicators of fresh tobacco leaf maturity，Zhongyan 100 was used as the experimental material. Mid‑stem leaves with SPAD values of 10—15（S10~15），15—20（S15~20），and 20—25（S20~25） were harvested to explore the metabolomics characteristics，as well as the appearance evaluation，physical properties，chemical composition，aroma content，and sensory quality of their post‑cured leaves.The results showed that the post‑cured leaves of the S15~20 treatment obtained the optimal quality，including better appearance quality，good physical properties，harmonious chemical components，and the highest total amount of neutral aromatic substances，showing high maturity.According to the partial least squares discriminant analysis（PLS‑DA），32 mutual differential metabolites were identified between two comparison groups，including L‑tryptophan，gamma aminobutyric acid，geranic acid，pyrrole‑2‑carboxylic acid，trehalose，kojibiose，nicotinate D‑ribonucleoside，1‑methyladenosine，sphinganine，melibiitol，indole，scopoletin，18‑hydroxycorticosterone，25‑hydroxycholesterol，and kaempferide，et al.These differential metabolites might be key differential metabolites during the maturation process of tobacco.Then，a total of 48 significantly differential metabolites were identified across the two groups，including 11 amino acids，7 steroids，6 organic acids，6 sugars，3 alcohols，3 nucleotides，2 flavonoids，1 vitamin，and 9 other metabolites.These significantly differential metabolites were primarily enriched in pathways such as amino acid biosynthesis，ABC transporters，arachidonic acid metabolism，lysine degradation，biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids，and butanoate metabolism，which might play important regulatory roles during the maturation of tobacco leaves. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and Application of Chitosan Coatings in Fruits and Vegetables Storage and Preservation LIU Chenghong, ZHANG Shun, HUANG Wen, ZHANG Xiaoyan, YANG Hailong, FU Shiyu, ZHAN Lijuan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.001 Abstract （247）      PDF （1976KB）（92）       Knowledge map    Save Fresh fruits and vegetables，due to their high water content and vigorous respiratory metabolism，are highly prone to quality decline and spoilage after harvest.As the world’s largest producer and consumer of fruits and vegetables，China has a persistently high post‑harvest loss rate of fruits and vegetables.The development of efficient and safe preservation technology has become an urgent need for the industry.Coating preservation technology is a new food preservation method，which can effectively maintain the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables and extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables.Chitosan，as a natural biopolymer，is regarded as the most promising preservation coating material due to its wide source，degradability and biosafety，as well as excellent film forming property，antibacterial activity and biocompatibility.A systematic review is conducted on the basic characteristics of chitosan and the preparation methods of coatings.The research and application of chitosan coatings in the field of fruit and vegetable preservation are described in detail.The preservation effect of chitosan coatings on fruits and vegetables is discussed from the perspectives of appearance quality，nutrients，flavor substances and shelf life，and mechanism of preservation and the key factors affecting the preservation efficiency are summarized.Finally，the preservative chitosan coating technical bottlenecks and future development directions are pointed out，with the expectation of providing theoretical references for the in‑depth research and industrial application of this technology. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics