Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

CONTENTS

2025, 54(10): 0.

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Research Progress on Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing System in Wheat Breeding

CHEN Yanyan1, ZHAO Mingzhong1, LI Yan1, 2, HUA Xia1, FANG Yuhui1, 2, GONG Chen1, QI Xueli1, 2

2025, 54(10): 1-11. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.001

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Wheat is a crucial cereal crop，and the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system provides a powerful tool for wheat breeding. The principle of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system was elaborated，its applications in enhancing wheat yield related traits，improving grain quality，increasing stress resistance（biotic and abiotic stresses），and accelerating the breeding process were reviewed，and the current challenges and future prospects were explored，providing a theoretical foundation for molecular breeding of wheat.

Analysis of High and Stable Yield Performance and Genetic Characteristics of New Wheat Cultivar Zhengmai 9134

DONG Haibin, ZHAO Mingzhong, WANG Songfeng, DU Xijun, ZHANG Yu, QI Xueli

2025, 54(10): 12-20. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.002

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Based on the data from the regional（2019—2021）and production trials（2020—2021）of wheat varieties resistant to Fusarium head blight in Henan Province，this study systematically analyzed the high and stable yield performance of Zhengmai 9134 and the relationship between yield and its components.Meanwhile，by using the 660K wheat chip and 0.1K functional chip，the genetic characteristics were deeply analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for its production application and parental utilization.The results showed that Zhengmai 9134 had good characteristics with high and stable yield and wide adaptability.Compared with the control variety Bainong 207，the average yield of Zhengmai 9134 reached 7 383.5 kg/ha，with increase of 6.63%；the average high stability coefficient of Zhengmai 9134 was 82.01%，with increase of 5.66 percentage points；and the average adaptation degree of Zhengmai 9134 was 78.31%，much higher than the control.Through the correlation analysis and path analysis of yield and its three components，it was found that the effective spike number had the highest direct effect on yield，followed by the thousand‐grain weight and grain number per spike.The genetic contribution of Zhengmai 0943 to Zhengmai 9134 was slightly greater than that of Xinmai 22，and the genetic transmission rates were 51.07% and 48.00%，respectively.In addition，the genetic contribution of the parents of Zhengmai 9134 had genome‐specific differences. Among them，Xinmai 22 had a higher genetic transmission rate at the A and D genome levels，which were 65.19% and 68.07%，respectively，while Zhengmai 0943 had a higher genetic transmission rate at the B genome level，which was 69. 85%. Zhengmai 9134 aggregated multiple important functional genes，including five QTL loci with resistance to stripe rust （Yr29，QYrqin.nwafu‑2AL，QYrqin.nwafu‑2BL，QYr.nwafu‑3BS and QYr.nwafu‑4BL），two genes with resistance to leaf rust（Lr37and Lr67），two loci with resistance to Fusarium head blight（QFhb.hbaas‑5AS and QFhb.caas‑5AL），two grain weight genes（Tabas1 and TaGW2‑6A），and one gene related to grain size（QGl‑4A）.

Genome‐Wide Association Study and Candidate Gene Prediction of Arsenic Content in Wheat Grains

SHI Xia, SUN Dongling, CHANG Yang, LI Wenxu, DAI Ziju, ZHOU Zhengfu, WU Zhengqing, LEI Zhensheng

2025, 54(10): 21-32. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.003

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In order to provide a theoretical basis for the arsenic（As） biofortification breeding in wheat grains，an association population comprising 207 wheat varieties（lines）was used as material，genotyping was done by wheat 660K SNP array，combining with phenotypic data under different environments and best linear unbiased prediction（BLUP）value，a genome‐wide association study（GWAS）was conducted on As content in wheat grains，genetic loci were identified，and candidate genes associated with As content in wheat grains were predicted. The haplotype analysis and linear regression analysis methods were used to analyze the superior and inferior haplotypes of stable SNP loci associated with As content in wheat grains and their aggregated effect. The results showed that there were obvious variation in grain As content under multiple environments，and the grain As content exhibited a normal distribution.By using a mixed linear model（MLM），a total of 67 SNPs were identified to be significantly associated with grain As content at the genome‐wide level. Among these，six SNPs located on chromosomes 1A，2A，2D，3B，and 6B（AX‐110393422，AX‐110370420，AX‐109339465，AX‐109455432，AX‐109359598，AX‐111655266）were consistently detected under multiple environments，and were considered as stable quantitative trait nucleotides（QTNs）.Additionally，a SNP hotspot was identified at the end of chromosome 6B.The peak SNP AX‐111655266 was detected under all environments，which exhibited the strongest association with grain As content，explained the phenotypic variation of 15.14%—21.53% ，and was a major‐effect QTN.Based on public wheat expression profile data and differential expression analysis of candidate genes at 20 days post‐anthesis in the association population，combined with physical location and functional annotation information，candidate genes were predicted.The candidate gene TraesCS6B02G418600，tightly linked to SNP AX‐111655266，encoding a phosphate transporter PHO1‐like protein，which may be involved in transmembrane transport and signal transduction of As，was a major‐effect gene controlling grain As content in wheat. The candidate genes for the other five SNP loci were TraesCS1A02G346700，TraesCS2A02G106800，TraesCS2D02G171500，TraesCS3B02G131500，and TraesCS3B02G252500，encoding F‐box protein，thiamine pyrophosphokinase 1，GEM‐like protein 1，ubiquitin‐onjugating enzyme E2‐like protein，and protein phosphatase 2C family protein，respectively. They were candidate genes involved in regulating As accumulation in wheat grains.The grain As content in the superior haplotype group was significantly lower than that in the inferior haplotype group under all environments.Furthermore，as the number of superior haplotypes increased，the grain As content gradually decreased，demonstrating a clear additive effect.

Analysis of Processing Quality and Its Related Genes Detection of Zhengmai 9188

CHANG Yingying, ZHAO Mingzhong, ZAN Xiangcun, CHEN Wan, HAN Liupeng, GAO Chong, QI Xueli

2025, 54(10): 33-41. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.004

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To clarify the performance of processing quality and the aggregation of related genes of Zhengmai 9188，the indexes of processing quality and noodle processing quality of Zhengmai 9188 were measured and evaluated at 9 locations in Henan Province from 2023 to 2024. Seven gene‐specific markers were used to identify the genes related to the processing quality of Zhengmai 9188 and its parents（Zhoumai 22 and Zhengmai 7698）.The results showed that Zhengmai 9188 had good grain quality，the average values of 1 000‐grain weight，volume weight and protein content were 44.0 g，825.1 g/L and 14.4% respectively.The average values of wet gluten content，water absorption rate，stabilization time，stretching area and maximum elongation resistance of its flour were 31.8%，60.5%，8.0 min，80.4 cm² and 417.9 BU respectively.Compared with the National Wheat Variety Approval Standards of 2024，Zhengmai 9188 met the quality standards for medium‐strong‐gluten wheat varieties.Zhengmai 9188 had higher peak viscosity and final viscosity of 2 809.7 cP and 3 303.3 cP，respectively，which were comparable to the peak viscosity and final viscosity of snowflake powder. The average setback value was 1 155.3 cP，slightly lower than that of snowflake powder.The noodles of Zhengmai 9188 were bright white and light browning.The average overall score of the noodles was 90.2，which was comparable to the score of the noodles of snowflake flour（90.4）.Noodles quality showed consistent performance among different production sites，with CV values of raw dough sheets color and browning degree less than 8%.For cooked noodles，the CV values of firmness，elasticity，smoothness，taste，surface texture，color and overall score were all less than 5%.Zhengmai 9188 integrated the excellent quality genes of Dx5/Psy‑A1b/Ppo‑A1b/Ppo‑D1a，which laid the foundation for its superior processing quality.

Research Progress of Grass Cover in Vineyard

WANG Chundong, HAN Xing, YUAN Lifang, YIN Xiangtian, LI Tinggang, LIU Qibao, JIANG Xilong, WEI Yanfeng

2025, 54(10): 42-50. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.005

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Grape is one of the most widely planted fruits in the world，but the long‐term implementation of the traditional clear tillage model will cause environmental problems such as soil erosion，loss of biodiversity，and soil degradation，which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the grape industry.Vineyard grass cover is a sustainable agricultural management model that is conducive to building a good grape production system，improving the vineyard environment，and increasing vineyard productivity.It has been paid attention to by relevant industry personnel.This paper reviews relevant domestic and foreign literature，summarizes the advantages and models of vineyard grass cover，analyzes the main obstacles to the promotion of vineyard grass cover，and explores the urgent work to be carried out in the research of vineyard grass cover，aiming to provide certain theoretical support for the quality
improvement and sustainable development of the grape industry.

Stalk Traits and Comprehensive Evaluation of Lodging Resistance of 150 Maize Inbred Lines

SHI Dakun, LI Fangjie, WEI Xiaoyi, HONG Defeng, LIU Jingwei, WANG Jiamu, ZHANG Xuehai, WEI Feng

2025, 54(10): 51-59. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.006

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The stem traits（including stem length，stem diameter，dry weight，dry weight per unit length of the aboveground 3rd to 5th internodes，stem puncture strength and stem crushing strength）of 150 improved American maize inbred lines（with Zheng 58 as the control）planted during 2023—2024 were analyzed.Correlation analysis，cluster analysis，principal component analysis（PCA），and grey relational analysis were comprehensively applied to evaluate lodging resistance，and screen inbred lines with high lodging resistance，so as to provide theoretical support for the breeding of lodging‐resistant maize varieties.The results showed that among the 150 maize inbred lines，the dry weight of the aboveground 3rd internode exhibited the richest variation，with the largest variation coefficients of 46.51% and 39.52% in two years，respectively.Correlation analysis revealed that stem crushing strength was extremely significantly positively correlated with stem puncture strength；both stem puncture strength and stem crushing strength were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the aboveground 3rd internode stem length，as well as stem diameter，dry weight，and dry weight per unit length of the aboveground 3rd to 5th internodes.Cluster analysis indicated that the maize inbred lines were divided into 4 clusters，among which cluster Ⅰ and cluster Ⅱ had high stem puncture strength and stem crushing strength.Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rates of the first two principal components in 2023 and the first three principal components in 2024 reached 82.51% and 84.57%，respectively.A total of 9 inbred lines（XM082，XM026，XM059，XM107，XM084，XF001，XM119，XM117，XM040）ranked in the top 20% of the 150 inbred lines in terms of comprehensive lodging resistance score in both 2023 and 2024，and their comprehensive lodging resistance scores were significantly higher than that of the control Zheng 58.Grey relational analysis demonstrated that the dry weight，dry weight per unit length and stem diameter of the aboveground 3rd to 5th internodes had relatively high relational degrees with the comprehensive lodging resistance score，which could be used as important indicators for the identification of maize lodging resistance.

Regulatory Effect of 2，4‐Epibrassinolide on the Growth and Physiology of Sesame Seedlings under Drought Stress

LÜ Shuli, DING Fang, TIAN Zhuangbo

2025, 54(10): 60-70. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.007

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Using the sesame cultivar Shangzhi 196 as experimental material，a pot experiment was systematically conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of different concentrations（0，0.25，0.50，0.75 mg/L）of 2，4‐epibrassinolide（EBR）on sesame seedling growth and physiology under gradient drought stress［normal moisture（W1），mild drought（W2），and severe drought（W3）］.The results demonstrated that as soil water content decreased，sesame growth was inhibited，manifested by reduced plant height，increased root‐to‐shoot ratio，and suppressed aboveground biomass accumulation.After 12 days of stress treatment，under W2 and W3 conditions，the average plant height decreased by 6.70% and 28.88% respectively compared to W1，while the root‐to‐shoot ratio increased by 17.54% and 67.69% correspondingly.Transpiration rate and stomatal conductance showed decreasing trends，intercellular CO₂ concentration generally exhibited an increasing trend，and both malondialdehyde and proline contents increased，while antioxidant enzyme activities declined as the soil moisture content decreased.The effects of EBR varied depending on stress severity and growth stage.Appropriate EBR concentrations effectively increased sesames’plant height，aboveground dry weight and root dry weight，enhanced photosynthetic capacity，reduced membrane lipid peroxidation，and significantly improved drought resistance.Principal component analysis revealed that under mild drought stress，foliar application of 0.50 mg/L EBR most effectively enhanced drought tolerance，while 0.25 mg/L EBR showed better efficacy under severe drought conditions.

Isolation，Identification and Effect Evaluation of Two Growth‐promoting Endophytic Bacteria in Salvia miltiorrhiza Roots

WANG Fei, YANG Jin, LI Xuemeng, WEN Yi, GAO Suxia, QIN Yanhong, LU Shuhao, ZHAO Ying, SONG Luyang, YANG Jian, WAN Xiufu, LI Shaojian

2025, 54(10): 71-80. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.008

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In order to obtain endophytic bacteria to promote growth and increase the yield of Salvia miltiorrhizae，two endophytic bacteria strains Kv13‐2 and Ko15‐1 with growth‐promoting effects were isolated and screened from the healthy roots of S.miltiorrhiza by tissue grinding and culture.Based on morphological and molecular biological analysis，isolates Kv13‐2 and Ko15‐1 were identified as Klebsiella variicola and Kosakonia oryzae，respectively.The results of biomass promotion test showed that isolates Kv13‐2 and Ko15‐1 could produce indole‐3‐acetic acid（IAA），and had the characteristics of phosphorus solubilization，potassium solubilization，and nitrogen fixation. The results of the seed germination experiment showed that at appropriate concentrations，inoculation with bacterial suspensions of Kv13‐2 and Ko15‐1 increased the germination rate of S.miltiorrhiza seeds by 92.38% and 129.72%，the plant height by 148.72% and 48.72%，and the root length by 102.86% and 90.02%，respectively.Pot experiment results showed that root irrigation with isolates Kv13‐2 and Ko15‐1 increased the fresh weight of S.miltiorrhiza stems and leaves by 200. 00% and 104.48%，respectively，and the fresh weight of roots by 57.89% and 34.74%，respectively.The results of field experiments demonstrated that root irrigation with the two growth‐promoting bacterial suspensions increased root length by 18.03% and 10.97%，root diameter by 7.69% and 0.75%，lateral root number by 11.17% and 24.63%，and yield by 16.43% and 24.80%，respectively.In addition，the two growth‐prompting isolates could also significantly reduce the incidence and disease index of S.miltiorrhiza root rot，and the control effectiveness of two isolates reached 65.57% and 68.61%，respectively.In conclusion，isolates Kv13‐2 and Ko15‐1 have good growth‐promoting effects，and have good application potential in practical production.

Genome‐Wide Identification of the EIN3/EIL Gene Family in Lonicera japonica and Functional Analysis of LjEIL3 under Drought Stress

XU Rong, LI Jinlong, CHEN Shuangcheng, ZHAO Danli

2025, 54(10): 81-90. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.009

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Based on Lonicera japonica genome data，bioinformatics was utilized to identify members of the EIN3/EIL gene family in Lonicera japonica，and systematic analyses were conducted on their physicochemical properties，gene structure，gene expression patterns，and stress response.The results indicated that five LjEIL family members were identified at the whole‐genome level in Lonicera japonica，encoding 592 to 682 amino acids，all of which were acidic hydrophilic nuclear proteins. Chromosomal localization revealed that the LjEIL genes were distributed across four chromosomes，and phylogenetic analysis classified them into two subfamilies：Class Ⅰand Class Ⅲ.Gene structure analysis showed that all LjEIL genes contained the typical EIN3 domain，and their exon‐intron composition was relatively simple.61 cis‐acting elements were predicted in the promoter regions of the LjEIL genes，primarily light‐responsive elements and elements such as methyl jasmonate，gibberellin，anaerobic induction，and low‐temperature response were rich. Transcriptome data analysis revealed that the LjEIL genes exhibited typical tissue‐ and developmental stage‐specific expression patterns，with LjEIL3 showing the highest expression levels in mature leaves，shoot tips，and young bud stage. qRT‐PCR results indicated that drought stress could induce the expression of LjEIL genes，with LjEIL3 experiencing the greatest upregulation，and its expression level continued to increase as drought stress duration extended.Furthermore，Arabidopsis plants transformed with the LjEIL3 gene exhibited a significantly higher survival rate after 10 days of simulated drought treatment with 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 compared to the wild type，further confirming the positive regulatory role of LjEIL3 gene in drought stress.In summary，the LjEIL3 gene plays a functional role in regulating plant responses to drought stress，providing important genetic resources for stress‐tolerant molecular breeding in Lonicera japonica.

Isolation，Identification and Studies on Plant Growth‐Promoting Properties of a Saline‐Alkaline Tolerant Bacterium

XU Yan, LIANG Zhenpu, ZHANG Guozhi, YANG Xinping, ZHANG Xiaoxia

2025, 54(10): 91-101. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.010

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To provide microbial resources for the research and development of functional microbial fertilizers and the improvement of saline‐alkaline soil，saline‐alkaline tolerant plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Phragmites australis in the saline‐alkaline soil of Bachu County，Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Saline‐tolerant and alkaline‐tolerant microorganisms were enriched and cultivated using high‐saline and high‐alkali LB medium. Their taxonomic status was determined through morphological observation and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.The saline and alkaline tolerance and alkali reduction ability of the strains were measured using LB medium with different NaCl contents and pH values.The plant growth‐promoting related characteristics of the strains，including nitrogen fixation， organic phosphorus solubilization， inorganic phosphorus solubilization，1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate（ACC）deaminase production，siderophore production，and indole‐3‐acetic acid（IAA）production，were detected using different functional identification mediums and the Salkowski colorimetric method.The growth‐promoting ability of the strains were evaluated through plate and pot experiments. The results indicated that one strain of Aidingimonas was screened out and named Aidingimonas sp.Bachu42，with a patent deposit number of CGMCC No.26952.The strain Bachu42 could grow under the conditions of NaCl content ranging from 20 to 200 g/L and pH value ranging from 7.0 to 11.0.This strain had the functions of nitrogen fixation，organic phosphorus solubilization，inorganic phosphorus solubilization，and could produce siderophores，ACC deaminase and IAA（with the highest yield reaching 12.39 μg/mL）.Under the conditions of initial pH 8.0，9.0，and 10.0 of LB medium，the strain Bachu42 could reduce the pH value of the medium by 8.75%，12.78% and 20.10%，respectively.The growth promotion effect was most significant under the condition of pH 8.0+2.0 mmol/L NaHCO3 in the tomato plate growth‐promotion test.Compared with the control，the aerial fresh weight，underground fresh weight，total fresh weight，lateral root number and leaf number of tomato inoculated with Bachu42 increased by 81.26%，160.04%，96.37%，144.88% and 26.40%，respectively.In the pot experiment of maize，the strain Bachu42 had the best growth promotion effect under 15 g/kg saline‐alkaline stress.Compared with the control group，the growth rates of aerial fresh weight，underground fresh weight，total fresh weight and plant height were 95.77%，56.27%，76.99% and 38.16%，respectively，after inoculating the strain Bachu42.In conclusion，the strain Aidingimonas sp.Bachu42 isolated and screened in this study is a strain with saline‐tolerance，alkali reduction and growth‐promoting functions，and could be utilized as a microbial fertilizer strain resource for saline‐alkaline soil.

Analysis of Biocontrol Effects of Mycoviruses on Sesame Stem Rot

WANG Jing, NI Yunxia, HE Bipo, ZHANG Chunyan, ZHAO Hui, LIU Xintao, ZHAO Xinbei, LIU Hongyan

2025, 54(10): 102-109. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.011

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Sesame stem rot is caused by the fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina，and is the significant disease of sesame. Previous studies have found that M.phaseolina carries abundant resources of mycoviruses，while while the hypovirulent mycovirus is the green solution to control crop disease.In order to obtain the biocontrol strains against sesame stem rot，the biological characteristics of three hypovirulent strains（2012‐19，2012‐22，2012‐161）carrying mycoviruses were studied，and the strong virulent strain 2012‐63 was used as the control.The pathogenicity was compared by in vitro leaf and in vivo stem inoculation，and the control effect of three hypovirulent strains on sesame stem rot was evaluated by soil inoculation method.The results showed that the colony morphology of the highly virulent strain 2012‐63 on the PDA plate showed radial growth，the aerial mycelium was lush，and the growth rate was 20.44 mm/d；the colony morphology of hypovirulent strains 2012‐19，2012‐22 and 2012‐161 showed irregular growth，with obvious fanning area，and the growth rate was 2.94—13.19 mm/d，and the average growth rate of the three hypovirulent strains was significantly 60.54% lower than that of the highly virulent strain.After five days of inoculation of detached leaves，the lesions of the highly virulent strains had expanded to the entire leaf surface，resulting in browning and decay of the leaf surface，while the three hypovirulent strains only formed 28.26 mm2 lesions at the inoculation site. After 8 days of stem inoculation，the relative area under the disease progression curve（RAUDPC）of the three hypovirulent strains was 2.10—5.90，and the average RAUDPC of the three hypovirulent strains was reduced by 92.27% significantly than high‐virulent strains（45.55）.The indoor pot experiment showed that the control effects of three hypovirulent strains on sesame stem rot were 44.90%，56.40% and 75.30%，respectively，while the control effects of biocontrol agent（Trichoderma harzianum）and chemical agent（50% carbendazim）were 53.65% and 87.10%，respectively.It can be seen that the hypovirulent strain of M.phaseolina carrying the related virus can be used as a biological control resource to control sesame stem rot.

Effects of 2，4‐epibrassinolide and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Hormone Metabolism of Rhododendron hybridum under High Temperature Stress

GUO Jia, XIONG Dingwei, YANG Lijuan, CHENG Jianjun

2025, 54(10): 110-120. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.012

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To explore the mechanism of heat tolerance in Rhododendron hybridum under high temperature stress by foliar application of 2，4‐electrobrassinolide（EBR），inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF）Diversifiospora epigaea，as well as their combined treatment，using Rhododendron hybridum ‘Yunqi Yanxia’cuttings as experimental materials，indoor pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of control（CK，normal temperature，without adding AMF or EBR treatment），separate high temperature treatment（HS），HS+AMF，HS+EBR，HS+EBR+AMF treatment on the photosynthetic pigment content，gas exchange parameters，chlorophyll fluorescence parameters，and hormone content of R.hybridum.Under high temperature stress，the growth of R.hybridum was inhibited，and the appearance phenotype was characterized by yellowing and reduced leaf size，with most leaves dying. Spraying EBR on leaves could promote the increase of AMF infection rate，branch attachment rate，and vesicles，but had no significant effect on AMF number of entry point.Compared with high temperature treatment alone（HS），the content of chlorophyll a，chlorophyll b，total chlorophyll，and carotenoids in R.hybridum increased by 84.3%，182.3%，105.8%，and 150.6%，respectively，under HS+EBR+AMF treatment.The net photosynthetic rate（Pn），transpiration rate（Tr），stomatal conductance（Gs），and instantaneous water use efficiency（WUE） increased by 129.5%，78.9%，32.7%，and 28.1%，while the intercellular CO₂concentration（Ci） decreased by 11.7%.At the same time，HS+EBR+AMF treatment increased the maximum photochemical quantum efficiency（Fv/Fm），PSⅡ potential activity（Fv/Fo），and photochemical quenching coefficient（qP）of PSⅡ in the leaves of R.hybridum，while reducing the non photochemical quenching coefficient（NPQ）.It promoted the energy used for electron transfer per unit reaction center（E_ETo/RC），absorbed light energy per unit area（E_ABS/CSm），captured light energy（E_TRo/CSm），and quantum yield of electron transfer（E_ETo/CSm） in R. hybridum leaves.Under high temperature stress，the contents of zeaxanthin（ZT），gibberellin（GA3），and indole‐3‐acetic acid（IAA） in the leaves of R.hybridum decreased，while the content of abscisic acid（ABA）increased.After HS+EBR+AMF treatment，ZT，GA3，and IAA contents increased by 54.2%，43.2%，and 29.5%，respectively，while the content of ABA decreased by 26.5%.EBR can promote the infection and development of AMF，and compared with single AMF or EBR treatment，the combination of the two treatments has the best effect on enhancing the heat tolerance of R.hybridum.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Mid‐Early Maturing Apple Varieties Based on Grey Correlation Analysis，DTOPSIS Method，and Membership Function Method

YANG Ximeng, ZHANG Biao, LI Jiali, CUI Xiufen, CAO Yafeng

2025, 54(10): 121-130. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.013

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In order to provide a reference basis for optimizing and adjusting the apple variety structure in Longdong area of Gansu Province，12 medium and early maturing apple varieties were used as test materials，and 9 fruit quality index values（single fruit weight，fruit shape index，hardness，soluble solids content，titratable acid content，solid acid ratio，a^* value，b^* value and L^* value）were determined.The fruit quality was comprehensively evaluated by grey correlation analysis，DTOPSIS method and membership function method.The results showed that Honeycrisp had the largest single fruit weight，Fujiuhong had the largest fruit shape index，soluble solids content and solid acid ratio，while Hongfudi had the largest hardness and L^* value，and Qinyang had the largest titratable acid content，Golden Century had the largest a^*value，while the b^* value of Red Prince was the smallest.The variation coefficient of solid acid ratio was the largest（37.62%），while that of fruit shape index was the smallest（5.75%）.Due to the different calculation methods，the comprehensive evaluation results of gray correlation degree method，DTOPSIS method and membership function method were significantly different，but the top four varieties in the comprehensive ranking including Fujiuhong，Luli and Huashuo，which could be popularized and applied as medium‐early maturing apple varieties with excellent comprehensive quality in Longdong area of Gansu Province.

Evaluation of Growth Characteristics and Resource Status of Dominant Fish Species in Henan Section of the Main Stream of the Yellow River

ZHANG Qingqing, HE Haizhan, FANG Dongdong, MA Chao, WANG Zhaoping, YANG Hui, HUI Jun

2025, 54(10): 131-140. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.014

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To evaluate the growth dynamics and utilization status of fish resources in the Henan section of the main stream of the Yellow River，fish resources were investigated in 11 sections of Henan section of the main stream of the Yellow River in June（summer）and October（autumn）of 2023，January（winter）and May（spring）of 2024. Growth and mortality parameters as well as resource utilization status were analyzed for five dominant fish species Parabramis pekinensis，Carassius auratus，Hemiculter leucisculus，Pseudobrama simoni，Cyprinus carpio by using FiSAT Ⅱ software.The Beverton‐Holt dynamic comprehensive model was applied to assess management strategies. The results showed that the growth index（b）of the five fish species ranged from 3.02 to 3.22，exhibiting positive allometric growth.The growth coefficient（K）was 0.39—0.93，so all of them were rapid growth type.The growth performance index（φ'） was 4.02—5.41.The resource exploitation rate of four fish species，except for Cyprinus carpio，were all lower than the exploitation rate which produces maximum sustainable yield，suggesting that the stocks were not over‐exploited. The results of the Bverton‐Hort dynamic comprehensive model showed that the current catchable body length of Cyprinus carpio was relatively smaller，and increasing the catchable body length was more conducive to the recovery of fish resources than reducing the fishing intensity.Optimal resource protection and management would be achieved by setting size‐at‐first‐capture limits at 236 mm for Parabramis pekinensis，165 mm for Carassius auratus，89 mm for Hemiculter leucisculus，86 mm for Pseudobrama simoni，and 490 mm for Cyprinus carpio.In summary，in the Henan section of the the main stream of the Yellow River，the growth rate of the five dominant fish species showes an accelerating trend；Cyprinus carpio resources are overexploited.

Characteristics of Fish Community Structure in Qianxia Lake

CHEN Huan, LIAN Qingping, MENG Zhou, GUO Aihuan, SHENG Pengcheng, CHEN Guangmei, YUAN Julin

2025, 54(10): 141-149. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.015

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To investigate the characteristics of fish community structure in Qianxia Lake，a two‐year survey was conducted from 2022 to 2023，with sampling performed once in March，July，October，and December of each year，resulting in a total of eight sampling events. The results showed that a total of 40 fish species were collected and identified，belonging to 3 orders，9 families，and 31 genera.Among them，Cypriniformes accounted for the highest proportion（30 species，75%）.Ecological type analysis indicated that sedentary（92.50%），omnivorous（50%），and bottom‐dwelling fish（42.5%）were the main ecological groups.Community structure analysis identified six dominant species：Hemiculter leucisculus，Sinibrama macrops，Xenocypris microlepis，Coptodon zillii，Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Culter alburnus.The results of Margalef species richness index and Shannon‐Wiener diversity index in biodiversity indexes showed that 2023 was higher than 2022.The results of catch per unit fishing effort showed that the average catch number per unit fishing effort and catch biomass per unit fishing effort in 2023 were higher than those in 2022，and the peak of catch number per unit fishing effort and catch biomass per unit fishing effort appeared in July 2023，with values of 8.32 ind（/m^²·d）and 1 131.88 g（/m^²·d），respectively.The abundance‐biomass comparison curve（W₂=0.037）indicated that the water body was in a moderately disturbed state.In summary，the construction of the Qianxia Lake Reservoir has changed the original fish resources situation. At the same time，the increase in the number of alien species and the risk of fish miniaturization may have a negative impact on the indigenous fish in the water area.

Quality Detection Model of Unmanned Harvesting Operation of Open‐Field Cabbage Based on Machine Vision

LI Xiaosuo, GUO Wang, ZHU Huaji, GU Jingqiu, LI Qingxue, WU Huarui

2025, 54(10): 150-158. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.016

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Accurate quality recognition of harvested cabbage is the premise for quality detection of unmanned harvesting operation of open‐field cabbage.In order to solve the problems of complex harvesting background environment，difficulty in obtaining cabbage features due to the fast operation speed of transportation devices，and insufficient identification accuracy for small targets in the process of quality recognition of harvested cabbage，a lightweight harvesting quality detection method based on YOLOv8s was proposed.Firstly，RepVGG module was used to replace some Conv modules in Backbone layer，which could enhance the feature extraction capability of the original model while reducing the number of model parameters.Secondly，CBAM convolutional attention module was introduced to suppress the non‐critical feature information in the complex background，so that the model paid more attention to the quality of harvested mature cabbage.Finally，a small target detection Head P2 with a downsample of 4 was added to the Head layer to heighten the detection ability of the model for multi‐scale cabbage.The results showed that compared with the original YOLOv8s model，the Precision，Recall and mAP50：95 of the optimized model were improved by 2.5，0.9 and 1.9 percentage points respectively.Compared with the common target detection model，the detection results on the cabbage harvesting operation dataset also had obvious advantages.The improved model can accurately identify the quality of unmanned harvesting operation of open‐field cabbage，provide data support for remote control of machine operation parameters，and provide theoretical reference for the research and application of autonomous unmanned precision operation of open‐field vegetables.

Process Optimization of Microbe‐Enzyme Synergy Fermentation of Low‐grade Tobacco Leaves and Impact on Aroma Components

LIU Yuanshang, WU Pan, ZHAO Yifan, DONG Lu, QU Lili, TIAN Shu, XU Chunping

2025, 54(10): 159-170. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.017

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To improve the quality and usability of low‐grade tobacco leaves，aroma‐producing yeast（Y8‐12）and different biological enzyme preparations were used to co‐ferment low‐grade tobacco leaves，and the best combination of microbe‐enzyme preparations that could significantly improve the quality of tobacco leaves was screened.Subsequently，based on the degree of quality improvement，fermentation parameters were systematically optimized using single factor experiments combined with response surface methodology.Finally，changes in chemical composition and sensory quality before and after fermentation under optimal conditions were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that different biological enzyme preparations combined with aroma‐producing yeast fermentation could effectively improve the quality of tobacco leaves.Among them，the G4 group composed of cellulase+pectinase+hemicellulase+lipase+aroma‐producing yeast had the most obvious improvement effect，its quality improvement degree reached 0.94，and the content of total volatile aroma components increased to 197.57 μg/g.Through the response surface optimization combined with the actual production operation，the optimum process conditions were determined as follows：Fermentation time 4 d，fermaentation temperature 37 ℃，enzyme addition 0.4%.Under these conditions，the quality improvement degree increased to 1.15.After fermentation，the reducing sugar，chlorine and total sugar contents increased by 18.28%，-13.33% and 9.62%，respectively.The content of characteristic aroma substances such as phenylethanol，4‐oxo‐isophorone， geranylacetone，megastigmatrienone and phenethyl acetate were increased significantly.In summary，microbe‐enzyme synergistic fermentation under suitable conditions offers a rapid and effective strategy for improving low‐grade tobacco leaves and provides a reference for microbial applications in the tobacco industry.

Study on the Physicochemical Properties and Fermentation Degradation Characteristics of Dietary Fiber Polyphenol Complex of Wheat Bran

ZHANG Jingwen, LIU Ruishan, SHEN Ruiling, LI Pengchong

2025, 54(10): 171-179. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.10.018

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To promote the high‐value utilization of wheat processing by‐products，the physicochemical properties and fermentation degradation characteristics of wheat bran（WB）and wheat bran dietary fiber polyphenol complex（SDF‐P） were systematically analyzed.Firstly，the basic physical and chemical properties such as solubility，bulk degree，water/oil holding capacity，freeze‐thaw stability and thermal properties were determined，and then the rheological properties were determined.Subsequently，the dynamic changes of the content of short‐chain fatty acids（SCFAs），pH value and the composition of intestinal flora were analyzed by in vitro fermentation experiments.Finally，the correlation between physicochemical properties and fermentation characteristics was analyzed.The results showed that the solubility of SDF‐P was significantly higher than that of WB，with the highest value of 87.51%.The swelling degree，water holding capacity，oil holding capacity and the water separation rate of SDF‐P were significantly lower than those of WB.The phase change thermal enthalpy，peak temperature and apparent viscosity of SDF‐P were higher than those of WB.With the prolongation of in vitro fermentation time，the SCFAs content increased and the pH value decreased.The SCFAs content produced by SDF‐P fermentation could reach 62.57 mmol/L.Genome sequencing showed that compared with blank group，Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in SDF‐P male fermentation broth increased by 72% and 150%，respectively，and Escherichia coli decreased by 30%.These results indicated that SDF‐P had a significant effect on improving intestinal flora.Correlation analysis indicated that solubility，phase change thermal
enthalpy，and peak temperature were positively correlated with changes in SCFAs content and negatively correlated with changes in pH.In summary，SDF‐P possesses high solubility，excellent thermal stability，and significant beneficial bacterial proliferation properties，providing a theoretical basis for the application of wheat bran as a high‐quality dietary fiber‐polyphenol ingredient in the development of functional foods.

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