Alleviation Effects and Mechanisms of Alginate Oligosaccharides and Astaxanthin on Lettuce Growth under Salt Stress

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.01.011

Abstract

Abstract: This study investigated the effects of different addition levels of alginate oligosaccharides and astaxanthin separately on the growth，root morphology，nutrient uptake，and stress resistance of lettuce under salt stress to provide scientific basis and practical experience for lettuce cultivation under adverse conditions.A hydroponic experiment was conducted using Dasu lettuce. We adjusted the nutrient solution to a salt concentration of 120 mmol/L using NaCl solid to simulate the salt stress environment（S）.Two types of treatments were set up：alginate oligosaccharides were added at concentrations of 0，0.005%，0.010%，0.015%，0.020% and 0.025%，corresponding to S‐B0，S‐B1，S‐B2，S‐B3，S‐B4 and S‐B5，respectively；astaxanthin was added at concentrations of 0，0.05%，0.10%，0.15%，0.20% and 0.25%，corresponding to S‐A0，S‐A1，S‐A2，S‐A3，S‐A4 and S‐A5，respectively. Meanwhile，the nutrient solution without NaCl added was used as the control treatment（CK），with three replicates pertreatment.We analyzed various indicators of lettuce plants，including biomass，growth status，nutrient uptake，root morphology，leaf osmotic regulators and the activity of key antioxidant enzymes.Our experimental results indicated that alginate oligosaccharides promoted the accumulation of root biomass，and the increase of leaf SPAD value and the number of leaves compared to S‐B0 treatment.The nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium uptake in S‐B1 to S‐B5 treatments increased by 47.32% to 89.09%（p<0.05），4.32% to 20.38% and 2.29% to 24.79%，respectively.The total root length，root surface area and root volume increased by 58. 83% to 139.04%，53.57% to 92.33% and 36.07% to 72.50%（p<0.05），respectively.Root classification evaluation showed that the addition of alginate oligosaccharides primarily promoted the growth of roots at levels Ⅰ to Ⅲ.At the same time，the average root diameter and root‐to‐shoot ratio increased by 11.54% to 34.62% and 18.60% to 32.56%，respectively.Compared to S‐A0 treatment，the astaxanthin promoted the accumulation of root biomass，leaf SPAD values and the number of leaves.The nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium uptake in S‐A1 to S‐A5 treatments increased by 32.11% to 145.95%，10.07% to 66.91% and 25.42% to 64.51%，respectively.The total root length，root surface area and root volume increased by 26.57% to 128.97%，26.59% to 129.01% and 26.67% to 193.33%，respectively.Root classification evaluation showed that the addition of astaxanthin primarily promoted the growth of roots at levels Ⅰ to Ⅱ. At the same time，the average root diameter increased by 10.00% to 33.33%，and there were no significant differences in the root‐to‐shoot ratio among the treatments.Under salt stress，the addition of alginate oligosaccharides and astaxanthin significantly increased the proline（Pro）content in the leaves，helping to regulate osmotic balance. At the same time，both treatments enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD）and catalase（CAT）as well as reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde（MDA），thereby decreasing cellular oxidative damage.Redundancy analysis indicated that the addition of alginate oligosaccharides mainly enhanced the activity of SOD，which helped alleviate the damage caused by salt stress to lettuce growth. On the other hand，astaxanthin promoted lettuce’s stress tolerance primarily through the combined effects of SOD and Pro，driving its adaptive growth under stress conditions. According to the membership function method，which was used to evaluate various indicators of lettuce，the highest score in alginate oligosaccharide treatments was observed in S‐B3 treatment，while in the astaxanthin treatments，the highest score was found in S‐A2 treatment.The application of alginate oligosaccharides or astaxanthin in hydroponic vegetable production can both promote the growth of lettuce roots and enhance nutrient absorption.These treatments effectively improve the osmotic balance of leaf cells，while also increase the activity of antioxidant protective enzymes to mitigate the negative effects of salt stress on leafy vegetables.The optimal addition rates for improving the salt tolerance of lettuce are 0.015% for alginate oligosaccharides and 0. 10% for astaxanthin.

Key words: Lettuce, Salt stress, Alginate oligosaccharides, Astaxanthin, Biomass, Root morphology, Antioxidation

摘要： 为了研究不同添加量褐藻寡糖和虾青素对盐胁迫下生菜生长、根系形态、养分吸收及抗逆性的影响，为逆境下生菜种植提供科学依据与实践经验，以生菜品种大速生菜为供试材料进行水培试验，用NaCl将营养液调节为含盐120 mmol/L溶液模拟盐胁迫环境（S），分别设置2种添加生物刺激素处理：褐藻寡糖添加量0、0.005%、0.010%、0.015%、0.020%、0.025%，即S-B0、S-B1、S-B2、S-B3、S-B4、S-B5；虾青素添加量0、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%、0.25%，即S-A0、S-A1、S-A2、S-A3、S-A4、S-A5。同时以无盐营养液为对照（CK），分析生菜植株生物量、长势、养分吸收量、根系形态、叶片渗透调节物质以及抗氧化关键酶活性等指标。结果表明，与S-B0处理相比，添加褐藻寡糖可促进根系生物量累积，改善叶片叶绿素相对含量并增加叶片数，S-B1—S-B5 处理植株氮、磷、钾吸收量分别提高47.32%~89.09%（p<0.05）、4.32%~20.38%和2.29%~24.79%，总根长、根表面积及根体积分别增加58.83%~139.04%、53.57%~92.33%和36.07%~72.50%（p<0.05）。根系分级评价显示，添加褐藻寡糖主要促进Ⅰ~Ⅲ级根系生长，同时根平均直径与根冠比分别提高11.54%~34.62%和18.60%~32.56%。与S-A0处理相比，添加虾青素可促进根系生物量累积，改善叶片SPAD值并增加叶片数，S-A1—S-A5处理植株氮、磷、钾吸收量分别提高32.11%~145.95%、10.07%~66.91%和25.42%~64.51%，总根长、根表面积及根体积分别增加26.57%~128.97%、26.59%~129.01%和26.67%~193.33%。根系分级评价显示，添加虾青素主要促进Ⅰ~Ⅱ级根系生长，同时根平均直径提高10.00%~33.33%，各处理根冠比差异不显著。盐胁迫下添加褐藻寡糖和虾青素均可显著增加叶片脯氨酸（Pro）含量以调节渗透平衡，同时提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）与过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性并降低丙二醛（MDA）的累积，减少细胞氧化损伤。冗余分析表明，添加褐藻寡糖主要通过提高SOD活性缓解盐胁迫对生菜生长的损伤，而虾青素驱动生菜抗逆生长的主要因子为SOD活性和Pro含量。依据隶属函数法对生菜各指标进行评价，各褐藻寡糖处理中S-B3处理得分最高，虾青素处理中S-A2处理得分最高。将褐藻寡糖或虾青素应用于水培蔬菜生产中均可促进生菜根系生长与养分吸收，有效改善叶片细胞渗透平衡，同时提高抗氧化保护酶活性以缓解盐胁迫对叶菜造成的负面影响；增强生菜抗盐性的褐藻寡糖与虾青素的最适添加量分别为0.015%和0.10%。

关键词: 生菜, 盐胁迫, 褐藻寡糖, 虾青素, 生物量, 根系形态, 抗氧化

CLC Number:

S636.2

LI Xifeng, XU Zihang, WU Xinyu, YUAN Zhengzheng, CHEN Yufeng, GUO Jingli. Alleviation Effects and Mechanisms of Alginate Oligosaccharides and Astaxanthin on Lettuce Growth under Salt Stress[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2026, 55(1): 118-131.

李喜凤, 胥子航, 吴鑫雨, 苑征征, 陈玉凤, 郭景丽. 褐藻寡糖与虾青素对盐胁迫下生菜生长的缓解效果及机制[J]. 河南农业科学, 2026, 55(1): 118-131.

Figures/Tables 12

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