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Identification and Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factors Differentially Expressed in Maize under Drought⁃Rewatering Treatment FU Jiaxu, YAN Yali, XIE Xiaowen, ZHANG Xinyue, WEN Pengfei, GUAN Xiaokang, WANG Tongchao, WEI Li Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 9-19.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.002 Abstract （3333）      PDF （4139KB）（269）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore WRKY transcription factors related to drought resistance in maize（Zea mays），differentially expressed WRKY genes were identified under drought⁃rewatering treatment，and their physicochemical characteristics，phylogenetic evolution，chromosome distribution，gene duplication，gene structure，conserved motif，cis⁃elements in promoter region and gene expression level were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 51 differentially expressed ZmWRKY genes were identified，the amino acid number，molecular weight and isoelectric point of 51 ZmWRKY proteins ranged from 99 to 729 aa，11.22 to 78.73 ku，and 4.58 to 12.26，respectively.ZmWRKY genes were divided into three groups Ⅰ，Ⅱ and Ⅲ，ZmWRKY genes of group Ⅱ were divided into Ⅱa，Ⅱb，Ⅱc，Ⅱd and Ⅱe.ZmWRKY genes were unequally distributed on 10 chromosomes，including 2 pairs of tandem duplication and 16 pairs of segmental duplication.The ZmWRKY genes contained 1—12 exons，most of ZmWRKY proteins（41）contained 2—4 conserved motifs，and WRKY members in the same group had similar motif compositions.Many cis⁃elements related to plant hormone and abiotic stress，such as ABRE，AuxRR⁃core，TCA⁃element，TC⁃rich repeats，TGACG⁃motif，LTR，MBS，TATC⁃box，P⁃box，CGTCA⁃motif，GC⁃motif，TGA⁃element and GARE⁃motif were identified in ZmWRKY gene promotor region.Under drought⁃rewatering treatment，51 ZmWRKY genes exhibited different expression patterns，among them，fifteen genes positively responded to drought stress，including ZmWRKY1，ZmWRKY10，ZmWRKY16，ZmWRKY28， ZmWRKY30， ZmWRKY33， ZmWRKY42， ZmWRKY65， ZmWRKY68， ZmWRKY78，ZmWRKY96，ZmWRKY99，ZmWRKY100，ZmWRKY102 and ZmWRKY111，and one gene negatively responded to drought stress，which were candidate genes for further study of drought response in ZmWRKY family. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Two Different Nitrogen Efficiency Maize Varieties in Response to Nitrogen Reduction LI Chuan, ZHANG Panpan, ZHANG Meiwei, NIU Jun, ZHAO Xia, HE Guanhua, QIAO Jiangfang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (9): 10-24.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.09.002 Abstract （3106）      PDF （7133KB）（175）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the differentially expressed genes（DEGs）in Weike 518（WK518）with high nitrogen efficiency and Nongda108（ND108） with low nitrogen efficiency under nitrogen reduction condition and their functions，the ear⁃leaf samples were collected from WK518 and ND108 at mid filling stage under normal nitrogen fertilizer application rate（225 kg/ha nitrogen,HN）and low nitrogen fertilizer application rate（0 kg/hanitrogen,LN）,and used for high⁃throughput RNA sequencing. Then the GO term and KEGG metabolic pathway of DEGs were analyzed from different compared groups，and the differentially expressed transcription factor families were analyzed. The results showed that 2 065 up⁃regulated DEGs and 2 319 down⁃regulated DEGs were detected between WK518 and ND108 under LN condition,2 368 up⁃regulated DEGs and 3 780 down⁃regulated DEGs were detected under HN condition;1 009 up⁃regulated DEGs and 2 268 down⁃regulated DEGs were detected in WK518 under different nitrogen application rates,and 364 up⁃regulated DEGs and 510 down⁃regulated DEGs were detected in ND108 under different nitrogen application rates.Under LN condition,DEGs between WK518 and ND108 were mainly enriched in uroporphyrin⁃Ⅲ C⁃methyltransferase activity,mannose⁃6⁃phosphate isomerase activity,oxidation⁃reduction process,mitochondrion organization,nuclear chromatin and other GO terms,and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism,phenylalaninemetabolism,monoterpenoid biosynthesis,glycine/serine and threonine metabolism,base excision repair and other KEGG pathways. Under HN condition，DEGs between WK518 and ND108 were mainly enriched in stomatal closure,transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity,chloroplast stroma，thylakoid,chloroplast envelope and other GO terms,and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms，amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism,glycolysis/gluconeogenesis,β⁃alanine metabolism,photosynthesis⁃antenna proteins and other KEGG pathways.DEGs in WK518 were mainly enriched in response to chitin,protein phosphorylation，membrane，indole glucosinolate metabolic process，galactinol⁃sucrose galactosyltransferase and other GO terms,and carbon fixation in photosynthetic origination,plant hormone signal transduction,protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum,plant⁃pathogen interaction,MAPK signaling pathway⁃plant and other KEGG pathways under different nitrogen application rates.DEGs in ND108 were mainly enriched in response to water deprivation,toxin catabolic process,chitinase activity,trehalose biosynthetic process,trehalose⁃phosphatase activity and other GO terms,and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism,MAPK signaling pathway⁃plant，prodigiosin biosynthesis,zeatin biosynthesis,biotin metabolism and other KEGG pathways under different nitrogen application rates.Fifty⁃eight differentially expressed transcription factor families were detected in WK518 and ND108 under different nitrogen application rates,including GRAS,bHLH,MYB⁃related,NAC,C3H,ERF,C2H2,WRKY,FAR1 transcription factor families and so on,which were very important in plants growth,development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Differentially Expressed bHLH Genes in Maize under Drought‑Rewatering Treatments XIE Xiaowen, ZHANG Xinyue, FU Jiaxu, SHAO Jing, WEN Pengfei, WANG Tongchao, WEI Li Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 33-44.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.004 Abstract （3034）      PDF （5798KB）（335）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore bHLH transcription factors related to drought resistance in maize（Zea mays），differentially expressed bHLH genes were identified under drought‑rewatering treatment，and physicochemical characteristics，phylogenetic evolution，chromosome distribution，gene duplication，gene structure，conserved motif，cis‑elements in promoter region and gene expression were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 51 differentially expressed bHLH genes were identified in maize under drought‑rewatering treatment，the amino acid number，molecular weight and isoelectric point of 51 bHLH proteins ranged from 80 to 705 aa，21.26 to 92.17 ku，and 4.54 to 12.41，respectively.bHLH genes were divided into 16 subgroups，Ⅺ subgroup was the largest，containing 9 bHLH proteins；Ⅵ，Ⅷ，Ⅸ and ⅩⅢ subgroups were the smallest，containing 1 bHLH protein each. bHLH genes were distributed unevenly on 10 chromosomes，among which 7 pairs of genes had replication relationships.The number of exons varied greatly，9 bHLH genes contained 1 exon，27 bHLH genes contained 2—5 exons，and 15 bHLH genes contained 6 or more exons；Motif 1 and Motif 2 appeared more frequently in the conserved motifs of bHLH protein，followed by Motif 3 and Motif 5，with Motif 6 and Motif 9 appeared least frequently.The promoter region of bHLH genes contained many cis‑acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stress，such as ABRE，GARE‑motif，P‑box，AuxRR‑core，MBS，TGACG‑motif，CGTCA‑motif，TCA‑rich，TGA‑element and TCA‑element. Under drought‑rewatering treatment，51 bHLH genes exhibited different expression patterns，among them，14 genes such as ZmbHLH20，ZmbHLH25，ZmbHLH9，ZmbHLH137and ZmbHLH178 positively responded to drought stress，and 14 genes such as ZmbHLH58，ZmbHLH87，ZmbHLH36 and ZmbHLH106 negatively responded to drought stress，which were candidate genes for further study of drought response in maize bHLH family. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of miRNAs Related to High Temperature Stress in Maize Pollen and Analysis of Their Target Genes LI Chuan, ZHANG Panpan, ZHANG Meiwei, NIU Jun, MU Weilin, GUO Hanxiao, QIAO Jiangfang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (2): 1-16.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.001 Abstract （2388）      PDF （4835KB）（359）       Knowledge map    Save By using high⁃throughput miRNA sequencing technology，differentially expressed miRNAs were indentified in pollens of high heat tolerant maize variety Zhengdan 958 and low heat tolerant maize variety Xianyu 335 under high temperature stress at flowering stage，their target genes were predicted，and the enrichment analysis of genetic characteristics and metabolic pathways of these target genes were conducted. The results showed that a total of 818 miRNA precursor sequences were identified. Nineteen significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were screened in the group of Zhengdan 958 pollen under high temperature stress compared with the control pollen under normal condition(HT958 vs CK958). Among them，15 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated，4 miRNA sequences were down⁃regulated，and expression level difference of 3 miRNA sequences reached extremely significant level(P<0.01).The predicted results of target genes of 19 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 503 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，microtubule⁃based process，hosphorylation，positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase Ⅱ ，methylation and so on，and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were glutathione metabolism，carbon metabolism，arachidonic acid metabolism lycolysis/gluconeogenesis，folate biosynthesis and so on. Fiveteen significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the group of Xianyu 335 pollen under high temperature stress compared with the control pollen(HT335 vs CK335). Among them，7 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated,8 were down⁃regulated，and the expression level difference of 1 miRNA sequence reached highly significant level(P<0.01).The predicted results of target genes of 15 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 454 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，phosphorylation，protein phosphorylation,proteolysis，DNA repair and so on，and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were other glycan degradation,linoleic acid metabolism,metabolic pathways，thiamine metabolism，protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and so on.Eighty⁃five significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the group of Zhengdan 958 pollen under high temperature stress compared with Xianyu 335 pollen under high temperature stress(HT985 vs HT335). Among them，35 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated，50 were down⁃regulated，and expression level difference of 24 miRNA sequences reached extremely significant level(P<0.01). The predicted results of target genes of 85 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 2 286 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，phosphorylation,protein phosphorylation,proteolysis,transmembrane transport and so on，the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were sphingolipidmetabolism，starch and sucrose metabolism，other glycan degradation，metabolic pathways，cysteine and methionine metabolism and so on. Ninety⁃four significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the HT958 vs CK958 group compared with HT335 vs CK335 group. The predicted results of target genes of 94 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 4 569 gene transcripts were obtained.Among them，the expression level difference of 28 miRNA sequences showed extremely significant(P<0.01),including PC⁃3p⁃10069_1143C⁃3p⁃18335_646，zma⁃miR164f⁃5p and so on. The enriched GO biological process terms of target genes of 94 differentially expressed miRNA sequences included regulation of transcription,DNA⁃templated,phosphorylation,protein phosphorylation,protein transport,proteolysis and so on,and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum，ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes，spliceosome，sphingolipid metabolism，endocytosis and so on. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and Functional Analysis of Maize Stress Response Gene ZmTPR1 CAO Liru, LIANG Xiaohan, MA Chenchen, YE Feiyu, PANG Yunyun, LI Weiya, ZHANG Xin, LU Xiaomin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (1): 12-21.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.01.002 Abstract （1969）      PDF （2292KB）（220）       Knowledge map    Save On the basis of previous transcriptome sequencing of maize under drought‑rehydration treatment，ZmTPR1 （tetratricopeptide repeat 1）was identified in response to drought stress.Bioinformatics analysis was conducted，and expression pattern was analyzed in different tissues and under different stresses. The homologous gene AtTPR1 in Arabidopsis thaliana was knocked out by CRISPR‑Cas9 technology，the phenotype，physiological and biochemical indexes of homozygous mutant plants were analyzed under drought stress，and the function of this gene was preliminarily explored，which would provide genetic resources for breeding drought‑resistant maize varieties.The results showed that ZmTPR1 gene was located on chromosome 3 of maize，encoding 421 amino acids，containing a conserved coiled coil domain，and might be involved in the response of maize to plant hormones，drought and so on.ZmTPR1 gene expressed in all tissues of maize，with the highest expression level in young stems.Drought，high temperature，salt and nitrogen deficiency stresses could induce the expression of ZmTPR1 gene，and the expression level of ZmTPR1 gene was most up‑regulated after drought stress.The expression level of ZmTPR1 gene in drought‑resistant maize inbred line Zheng 36 was significantly higher than that in drought‑sensitive maize inbred line B73 after drought stress. Drought resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana decreased after AtTPR1 gene was knocked out，the growth of Attpr1 mutant was severely inhibited under drought stress，and the leaves were wilted or even dried out. At the same time，the relative water content，chlorophyll content，net photosynthetic rate，activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase significantly decreased，and the content of malondialdehyde significantly increased.In summary，ZmTPR1 gene is involved in the response of maize to various abiotic stresses，and plays an important role in drought stress. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of Kidney Bean Varieties for Safe Production in Cadmium Polluted Farmland of Northwest Guizhou CHAI Guanqun, ZHOU Lixing, QIN Song, FAN Chengwu, LIU Guihua, WANG Li, JIANG Ya Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (6): 51-60.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.06.006 Abstract （1663）      PDF （1385KB）（144）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the differences in the absorption and enrichment of cadmium（Cd） by different kidney bean varieties and the effects of varieties and environment on them，and to screen out the Cd low⁃enriched kidney bean varieties suitable for planting in northwestern Guizhou，13 local kidney bean varieties were used as materials，and in the Cd⁃contaminated farmland of L site and Y site in northwestern Guizhou，a field plot experiment was conducted.The results showed that the variety，the environment and interaction between variety and environment had extremely significant effects on yield and Cd content of kidney bean，respectively. There was significant difference in Cd content of different kidney bean varieties in the same place. The maximum value of Cd（in Hongpiqiuzijiadou） and the minimum value of Cd（in Bangda No.2） could be 10 times different in the same place.The bioconcentration factor（BCFCd）of Cd in soils for different kidney bean varieties in L site and Y site were 0.06%—0.0% and 0.13%—0.93%，respectively.The Cd content of 13 tested kidney bean varieties showed the safe level.The yield of Bangda No.2 was the highest among the 13 varieties，reaching 18 513.6 and 19 287.9 kg/ha in L and Y sites，respectively.In summary，13 kidney bean varieties can be used as recommended varieties for Cd⁃contaminated areas in northwestern Guizhou，and Bangda No.2 was preferred because of its high yield and low Cd content. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Exogenous Hormones on Growth，Yield and Physiological Characteristics of Tigernut（Cyperus esculentus L.）under Drought Stress LIU Jiayao, CHENG Yan, WEI Zunmiao, LONG Wei, WANG Liang, MU Zhongsheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (11): 42-49.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.11.005 Abstract （1581）      PDF （7617KB）（84）       Knowledge map    Save In order to determine the optimal spraying concentration of exogenous hormones on tigernut under drought stress，Jisha No.2 was used as material，drought stress was simulated by 15% polyethylene glycol（PEG 6000）to study the effects of different concentrations of gibberellin（GA3，0.1，0.2，0.3，0.4，0.5 μg/L），melatonin（MT，20，40，60，80，100 μmol/L）and salicylic acid（SA，0.25，0.50，0.75，1.00，1.25 mmol/L） on the growth，yield，relative conductivity，chlorophyll content，proline content，malondialdehyde（MDA）content，superoxide dismutase（SOD）and peroxidase（POD）activities of tigernut seedlings.The results showed that under drought stress，spraying the three kinds of exogenous hormones could promote the growth and yield of tigernut，G3（0.3 μg/L），M3（60 μmol/L），S2（0.50 mmol/L）treatments had the best effect，the yields of which significantly increased by 38. 32%，31.73% and35.90% compared with the drought stress treatment（CK2）respectively. Under drought stress，spraying the three kinds of exogenous hormones could reduce the relative conductivity and MDA content in leaves，and increase the chlorophyll content，proline content，SOD and POD activities，alleviating the damage caused by drought stress to the seedlings of tigernut，the best treatments were G3，M3 and S2，respectively.Compared with CK2，for G3，M3 and S2 treatments，the relative conductivities significantly decreased by 54.92%，34.44% and 27.86%，chlorophyll contents obviously increased by 33.83%，19.03% and 15.84%，proline contents significantly increased by 478.88%，627.62% and 412.87%，MDA contents significantly decreased by 53.51%，53.43% and 54.75%，SOD activities increased by 0.95%，13.51%and 16.25%，POD activities increased by 1.80%，10.36% and 12.84%，respectively.In conclusion，under drought stress，spraying appropriate concentrations of GA3，MT and SA could promote the growth of tigernut，alleviate the damage caused by drought stress，and then increase the yield，overall the best concentrations of GA3，MT and SA were 0.3 μg/L，60 μmol/L and 0.50 mmol/L，respectively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison and Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality of 20 Potato Varieties ZHANG Fan, LI Yuan, CHEN Mengru, XING Yingying, WANG Xiukang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 28-36.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.004 Abstract （1573）      PDF （1368KB）（533）       Knowledge map    Save The tuber yield per plant，starch content，reducing sugar content，soluble sugar content，vitamin C content and protein content of 20 potato varieties were analyzed，and the comprehensive evaluation of quality was done by principal component analysis，membership function method and cluster analysis，so as to screen out potato varieties with good quality and suitable for different processing purposes and cultivation in Yulin City. The results showed that there were great differences in quality indexes among different potato varieties.The variation coefficients of tuber yield per plant，starch content，reducing sugar content，soluble sugar content，vitamin C content and protein content were 46.76%，50.07%，50.66%，64.79%，33.72% and 68.10% respectively.The tuber yield per plant and starch content of Longshu 11 were the highest，the reducing sugar content of LZ112 was the highest，the soluble sugar content of Longshu 9 was the highest，the vitamin C content and protein content of Laohongpi were the highest.The results of principal component analysis showed that the quality indexes of 20 potato varieties could be expressed by four principal components（the cumulative variance contribution rate was 90.448%），and the representative indexes of each component were protein content，starch content，soluble sugar content and reducing sugar content respectively. Then，comprehensive evaluation was carried out by membership function method and cluster analysis.The results showed that seven varieties with better quality were screened out，accounted for 35.0% of the tested varieties，one variety（Dingshu 3）could be used for both vegetable and starch processing，one variety（Ganyinshu 1）could be used for whole flour processing and fried food processing，one variety（Longshu 11）could be used for starch processing after large⁃scale cultivation，two varieties（L08104⁃12 and Feurita）could be processed as whole flour，and two varieties（Jizhangshu 12 and Longshu 9）could be used for fried food processing. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on Chloroplast Genome of Paederia scandens WU Minhua, WU Zijian, YE Xiaoxia, TAN Jingyi, WANG Shen, HUANG Qionglin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (1): 70-77.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.01.008 Abstract （1552）      PDF （6478KB）（129）       Knowledge map    Save To elucidate the structure and sequence characteristics of chloroplast genome from Paederia scandens，the chloroplast genome sequencing was performed using high‑throughput sequencing technology，and then acquired sequence was assembled，annotated and analyzed via bioinformatics procedures.The results demonstrated that the chloroplast genome of P.scandens was a circular quadripartite molecule with a length of 153 456 bp and encoded 133 genes.Altogether 54 simple sequence repeats were detected in the plastome and the A/T mononucleotide was main type.A total of 26 983 codons were searched out and those with end of A/T were frequently used.Sequence alignment demonstrated more divergence in non‑coding region among five Rubiaceae species including P.scandens.Phylogenetic tree revealed close relationship of various chloroplast genome sequences of P.scandens and clearly displayed the evolutionary position of P.scandens in Rubiaceae. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome Size，Ploidy and Phylogeny of Cyperus esculentus L. WANG Huiwei, ZHU Shixin, ZHANG Xinyou, WANG Yan, YANG Tiegang, ZHANG Xiangge, WANG Shufeng, LI Chunxin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (1): 34-41.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.01.004 Abstract （1492）      PDF （2024KB）（389）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the genome characteristics of the main varieties and characteristic germplasm of Cyperus esculentus L. in the Huang Huai region and the phylogenetic relationship between them and their related species，the genome size and ploidy of six C. esculentus L. materials were evaluated by flow cytometry and genome survey analysis，and the phylogenetic relationship between them and their related groups was analyzed based on the sequences of the external transcribed spacer（ETS） and internal transcribed spacer（ITS） of ribosomal DNA. The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the genomes of six C.esculentus L. materials were 0.808 6—0.858 5 Gb，with an average of 0.826 4 Gb；the results of genome survey analysis showed that the genome size，proportion of repetitive sequences，GC content and heterozygous ratio of the three tuber types of C.esculentus L. were 0.697 9 Gb，81.02%，34.7% and 0.28% for Yuyousha 2，0.778 7 Gb，84.45%，36.4% and 0.08% for Yuyousha 3.and 0.790 6 Gb，83.75%，34.9% and 0.19% for YYS‑4，respectively；genome survey analysis and pollen staining results showed that the three tuber types of C.esculentus L. were triploid. Phylogenetic analysis showed that six C. esculentus L. were clustered into C.esculentus L.branch，this branch was closely related to the branch composed of C.rotundus L. and C.glomeratus L.，they formed sister group，and formed C4 plant branch with C.iria L. ，C.glomeratus L. and C.cuspidatus H.B.K. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of TCP Transcription Factors in Artemisia annua and Analysis of Their Expression Patterns under MeJA Treatment MA Qiyang, SONG Ge Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 62-74.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.007 Abstract （1480）      PDF （13374KB）（30）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the genome data of Artemisia annua，the TCP gene family members were identified，and their protein physicochemical properties，evolutionary relationships，and cis‑acting elements were analyzed. Transcriptome data were used to analyze the expression pattern of TCP transcription factors in Artemisia annua under different light treatments，and qRT‑PCR was used to detect their expression under methyl jasmonate（MeJA）treatment.The results showed that a total of 29 TCP genes（AaTCPs）were identified. AaTCPs differed greatly in protein physicochemical properties，in which the number of amino acids and protein molecular mass ranged from 132 to 443 and 14.60 to 47.86 ku，respectively，and the isoelectric points，instability indices，and fat coefficients were in the ranges of 5.67 to 9.99，33.28 to 69.77，and 51.70 to 77.40，respectively，and all of them were nuclear proteins.Phylogenetic relationships showed that AaTCPs could be classified into class Ⅰ（11）and class Ⅱ（18），unevenly distributed on eight chromosomes.The Motif number of AaTCPs ranged from 1 to 7，all of them contained one conserved TCP2 structural domain，and a large number of light‑，hormone‑，and stress‑responsive elements were present in their promoters.Protein interaction predictions revealed tight interactions among the protein members of AaTCPs except for AaTCP12 and AaTCP8.Transcriptome data showed that the expression levels of AaTCPs varied under different light treatments，and the expression of most genes was induced by light. qRT‑PCR analysis revealed that the expression of AaTCPs all increased to different degrees under MeJA treatment，showing dynamic changes with the extension of treatment time.In summary，the AaTCP gene family plays a significant role in light regulation and hormone response processes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Soybean and Maize Stubbles on Bacterial Community Structure and Function in Winter Wheat Rhizosphere Soil GUO Hui, LIAN Yanhao, ZHAO Zhibo, REN Yongzhe, WANG Zhiqiang, LIN Tongbao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (7): 79-89.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.07.009 Abstract （1461）      PDF （3686KB）（234）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the differences in the effects of maize stubble and soybean stubble in the Huang‑Huai‑Hai area，in 2023，rhizosphere soil samples at the jointing stage of winter wheat were collected under the conditions of long‑term positioning test fields for up to 4 years（2019—2023）.The responses of rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure and function to no nitrogen application（N0）and conventional nitrogen application（N240，pure nitrogen 240 kg/ha） were studied by using 16S high‑throughput sequencing technology combined with Tax4Fun2 function prediction analysis in the jointing stage of winter wheat under maize（M）stubble and soybean（S）stubble，respectively.There were four treatments（MN0，SN0，MN240，SN240）in total.The results showed that，at the phylum level，Proteobacteria，Acidobacteria，Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteriota were the dominant rhizosphere bacteria of winter wheat with a relative abundance of 66.66%—69.56%.Under N0 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in S stubble was significantly increased by 19.10% compared with that in M stubble（P<0.05），and under N240 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in S stubble was significantly increased by 11.90% compared with that in M stubble（P<0.05）.At the order level，Vicinamibacterales and Burkholderiales were the dominant bacteria with a relative abundance of 18.42%—19.68%. Under N0 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of Vicinamibacterales in S stubble was significantly reduced by 13.69% compared with that in M stubble（P<0.05）；The relative abundance of Burkholderiales was increased significantly by 11.31%（P<0.05）.Through the Tax4Fun2 function prediction and the KEGG data comparison，it was found that there were significant differences in the relative abundance of seven functional pathways under the metabolism category under N0 nitrogen application rate（P<0.05），and correlation analysis further revealed that there was a significant correlation between Vicinamibacterales and Burkholderiales and amino acid metabolism pathways（P<0.01）.There were 26 functional genes involved in soil nitrogen cycling pathway in winter wheat soil bacteria，and the relative abundance of denitrification functional genes accounted for the largest proportion.Under N0 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of denitrification functional genes norB，norC and nirS in M stubble was significantly higher than that in S stubble（P<0.05）.In conclusion，the stubble causes the soil bacterial community structure of winter wheat to change under different amount of nitrogen. Different stubble affects the nitrogen metabolism function of bacterial community by changing the structure of rhizosphere soil bacterial community. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of Callus Induction and Regeneration System of Cyperus esculentus ZHU Yajing, ZHANG Xiangge, XU Xinran, HU Haiyan, CHENG Shan, CHEN Chen, LI Chunxin, SONG Wanxian, SONG Wenxu, WANG Huiwei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (10): 73-81.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.009 Abstract （1436）      PDF （3147KB）（45）       Knowledge map    Save In order to establish an efficient callus induction and regeneration system of Cyperus esculentus,the explants（young root,young leaf,young leaf sheath and tillering node)for callus induction were screened,and the effects of different plant growth regulator combinations on callus induction,proliferation and differentiation were explored.The results showed that the best explant for callus induction of Cyperus esculentus was tillering node;the optimal plant growth regulator combination for callus induction was 2.5 mg/L 2,4⁃D+0.6 mg/L 6⁃BA+0.6 mg/L NAA+0.9 mg/L ZT,and the induction rate could reach 65.58%;the optimal plant growth regulator combination for callus proliferation was 0.5 mg/L 2,4⁃D+0.9 mg/L 6⁃BA+1.2 mg/L NAA+1.2 mg/L ZT,and the proliferation rate could reach 68.12%;the optimal plant growth regulator combination for callus differentiation was 0.9 mg/L 6⁃BA+0.6 mg/L NAA,and the differentiation rate could reach 66.67%.In this study,the best explants suitable for callus induction of Cyperus esculentus were screened,and the conditions of callus induction,proliferation and differentiation of Cyperus esculentus were optimized,which could lay a foundation for the subsequent research and breeding application of biotechnology such as somatic hybridization and genetic transformation of Cyperus esculentus. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Simultaneous Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Uptake and Accumulation of Cd by Pepper in Lime Soil CHAI Guanqun, LIU Guihua, LUO Muxinjian, WANG Li, QIN Song, FAN Chengwu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (9): 68-78.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.09.007 Abstract （1420）      PDF （1564KB）（168）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the effect of combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on the uptake and accumulation of cadmium（Cd）by pepper in calcareous soil，and to provide scientific basis for the development of special carbon based fertilizer for pepper，pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of four amounts of biochar（180，270，360，450 mg/kg，expressed as B1，B1.5，B2，B2.5）combined with 180 mg/kg nitrogen fertilizer of three forms（amide nitrogen，ammonium nitrogen，nitrate nitrogen，expressed as UN，AN and NN）on pepper fruit yield，rhizosphere soil pH and available Cd content，as well as pepper’s absorption and accumulation of Cd.The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer form had a very significant effect on pH value and available Cd content of rhizosphere soil，the pH value of rhizosphere soil treated with UNB2 was the highest and the available Cd content was the lowest.The dry weight of fruit，leaf，stem and root in NNB2.5 treatment was the highest，and the dry weight of fruit was 37. 68 g/pot.The fruit dry weight of UNB2 treatment was 34.65 g/pot，which was not significantly different from that of NNB2.5 treatment.The content of Cd in fruit，stem and leaf of UNB2 treatment was the lowest，and the content of Cd in fruit was 0.032 mg/kg，which was lower than the limit standard（<0.05 mg/kg）in National Food Safety Standard for Contaminants in Foods（GB 2762—2017）.The transfer coefficient of Cd from different parts to fruit was TFfruit/stem>TFfruit/leaf>TFfruit/root.The correlation analysis of Cd content in fruit showed that Cd content in pepper fruit mainly came from the redistribution of shoot vegetative organs （stem and leaf）.The cumulative distribution of Cd in root of pepper was the largest.In conclusion，UNB2 was preferentially recommended as the formula of special carbon⁃based fertilizer for pepper to achieve the safe production of pepper in calcareous soil with Cd. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of Nitrogen Efficient Varieties and Construction of Nitrogen Efficiency Assessment System at Seedling Stage of Sesame（Sesamum indicum L.） ZHANG Pengyu, GAO Tongmei, SU Xiaoyu, LI Feng, WANG Dongyong, TIAN Yuan, LU Hailing, MIAO Hongmei, WEI Shuangling Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (6): 54-66.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.006 Abstract （1416）      PDF （5236KB）（243）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen the sesame varieties with high nitrogen efficiency from different sesame varieties and construct an assessment system of nitrogen efficiency at seedling stage，the physiological and nitrogen efficiency traits of 18 sesame varieties at seedling stage under different nitrogen levels were measured.The variation coefficient，correlation analysis，principal component analysis，path analysis，membership function analysis and grey correlation degree analysis were used to screen nitrogen efficient varieties，determine nitrogen efficient evaluation traits，and construct nitrogen efficient evaluation system at the seedling stage of sesame.The results showed that among different varieties，there were significant differences in various traits under different nitrogen levels.Under normal and high nitrogen levels，the variation coefficients of nitrogen content and nitrogen utilization efficiency of plants showed lower than those of low nitrogen level.Under different nitrogen treatments，there was a significant or very significant positive correlation among stem dry weight，leaf dry weight，root nitrogen absorption efficiency and leaf nitrogen absorption efficiency of sesame varieties.The 18 varieties were divided into three grades by the European distance longest distance method，among them，Zhengtaizhi No.3 and Zhengzhi HL05 were nitrogen efficient varieties，Fusui Sanhe black sesame and Burmese prolific were nitrogen inefficient varieties.Under different nitrogen levels，the stem fresh weight，leaf fresh weight，leaf dry weight and stem dry weight were all highly correlated with the comprehensive score of nitrogen efficiency，which were important traits for screening of nitrogen efficient sesame varieties.Under different nitrogen levels，the two nitrogen efficient varieties showed higher advantages in root fresh weight and dry weight，and the two sesame cultivars with high nitrogen efficiency under low nitrogen level had higher taproot length，nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency in various tissues than those under normal and high nitrogen levels.At seedling stage，low nitrogen level was more suitable for screening nitrogen efficient sesame varieties，and the nitrogen use efficiency of sesame was mainly determined by the nitrogen uptake efficiency. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Materials on the Growth of Guizhou Alpine Cabbage WEI Quanquan, GOU Jiulan, ZHANG Meng, LIU Lingling, GU Xiaofeng, CHEN Long Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (6): 76-84.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.008 Abstract （1413）      PDF （1417KB）（152）       Knowledge map    Save A field experiment was conducted in Weining County，Bijie City，Guizhou Province in 2021，to explore the application effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and combined application of different organic materials on Guizhou alpine cold vegetable cabbage. Three nitrogen（N）fertilizer gradients（100%N，85%N and 70%N）were applied with organic materials［biochar（B）and commercial organic fertilizer （O），6 000 kg/ha］to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and organic materials application on the yield，nutrient absorption，fertilizer utilization，quality and economic benefit of cabbage.The results showed that when nitrogen fertilizer was not reduced，compared with the single application of nitrogen fertilizer（100%N），the combined application of biochar（100%NB）and commercial organic fertilizer（100%NO）could increase the yield of cabbage by 5 544 and 6 433 kg/ha，with an increase of 7.16% and 8.31% respectively，and the net income increased by 5 299 and 6 476 Yuan/ha，with an increase of 6.47% and 7.91% respectively.The accumulation，agronomic efficiency and recovery efficiency of nitrogen（N），phosphorus（P2O5）and potassium（K2O）were higher than those of 100%N.After applying organic materials，the nitrate content of cabbage decreased significantly，and the contents of soluble sugar，vitamin C，free amino acids and protein increased. When the nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 15%，the yield，output value，net income，nutrient accumulation，quality，agronomic efficiency and recovery efficiency of N，P2O5 and K2O treated with biochar（85%NB）and commercial organic fertilizer（85%NO）were equivalent to those treated with 100%N（the difference was not significant），which could stabilize and increase yield，and the effect of commercial organic fertilizer was better than biochar.When nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 30%，even if biochar（70%NB） and commercial organic fertilizer（70%NO）were applied，the yield，output value，net income，nutrient accumulation，quality，fertilizer utilization rate of cabbage decreased compared with 100%N treatment.In summary，in the high altitude cold vegetable area of Guizhou，the application of biochar or commercial organic fertilizer can replace 15% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer，and the substitution effect of commercial organic fertilizer is better than biochar.It is suggested that the input of nitrogen fertilizer in this area is 191.25 kg/ha，and 6 000 kg/ha organic materials should be applied at the same time，and commercial organic fertilizer is more appropriate. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Analysis of Chromosome Sets Characteristics of Sesame Cultivated Species and Wild Species Based on FISH and GISH Technologies MA Qin, ZHAO Ruihong, JU Ming, CHEN Chengbin, DUAN Yinghui, YANG Weifei, MIAO Hongmei, ZHANG Haiyang, Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (10): 48-53.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.006 Abstract （1397）      PDF （2483KB）（65）       Knowledge map    Save To reveal the evolutionary characteristics of Sesamum,explore the genome structure revolution and species evolution,and promote the development and utilization of wild resources,the cultivated species S.indicum(var.Yuzhi 11)and the 2n=26 type wild species S.alatum(var.3651)were used as experimental materials,fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)and genome fluorescence in situ hybridization(GISH)techniques were used to analyze the chromosome sets characteristics of sesame cultivated species and wild species.The results showed that both the cultivated species Yuzhi 11 and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651)were 2n=2x=26 karyotype;the rDNA⁃FISH hybridization results indicated that in the 13 pairs of chromosomes of the cultivated species Yuzhi 11,3 pairs of chromosomes(the 7th,8th and 9th pairs)had 45S rDNA⁃specific signals at the short arm tips,which were displayed as satellite specific chromosome.At the same time,2 pairs of chromosomes(the 5th and 11th pairs)had 5S rDNA⁃specific signals on the short arms,with the 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA signals located on different chromosomes. In the wild species S.alatum(var.3651),2 pairs of chromosomes(the 4th and 7th pairs)carried 45S rDNA hybridization signals and 1 pair of chromosome(the 4th pair)carried 5S rDNA specific signals,with the 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA signals located on the same chromosome but at different positions.This indicated that there were significant differences in chromosome characteristics between the cultivated species and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651).The GISH hybridization results showed that when using the genomic DNA of the cultivated species Yuzhi 11 and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651)as probes for self⁃hybridization,each chromosome carried hybridization signals of varying strengths,while hybridization with the other’s chromosomes showed very few hybridization signals.The cultivated species and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651)have the same number of chromosomes,but there are clear differences in the quantity,distribution of rDNA,and GISH signal sites,indicating that the 2n=26 type cultivated species and wild species have distant phylogenetic relationship. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Growth Response and Tolerance Evaluation of 32 Spinach Varieties to Cadmium Stress MIAO Mingjun, LI Jiajia, LEI Xiaokui, LIN Yang, LIAO Jichao, ZHONG Jian, LI Ju, LI Yuejian, CHANG Wei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (9): 108-116.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.011 Abstract （1357）      PDF （2257KB）（72）       Knowledge map    Save Cadmium(Cd)is a highly toxic heavy metal element.To identify Cd‑tolerant spinach varieties and screen related identification indexes,and provide a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of Cd‑tolerant varieties,in the present study,we conducted a hydroponic experiment using 32 spinach varieties in China.The spinach was exposed to Cd stress(Cd concentration of 50 μmol/L)for 20 days,while the other group of plants was treated as a control(Cd concentration of 0 μmol/L).After the plants reached maturity,we measured the agronomic traits and Cd content.The integrated Cd tolerance of each spinach variety was evaluated by principal component analysis,affiliation function analysis,and correlation analysis.The results showed that plant height,root length,underground fresh weight,aboveground fresh weight,aboveground Cd content,underground Cd content and translocation coefficient of the participating varieties under Cd stress conditions were significantly different from the control.Under Cd stress,the growth and biomass accumulation of spinach were inhibited,and the indicators of each trait decreased significantly.The order of average reduction of each agronomic index was aboveground fresh weight>plant height>underground fresh weight>root length.The principal component analysis of Cd stress tolerance index of the seven indexes was performed,and three principal components were selected，with a cumulative variance contribution of 81.552%;The composite evaluation value(D value)showed highly significant positive correlations(P<0.01)with plant height,underground fresh weight,aboveground fresh weight,aboveground Cd content,and translocation coefficient,which can be used as the preferred indexes for the evaluation of Cd tolerance in spinach.Based on the principal component analysis,we classified the 32 spinach varieties into three categories:Cd‑tolerant,moderate,and Cd‑sensitive varieties.Among the varieties tested,Jin’ge and Micro orchid exhibited strong Cd tolerance,while Desai 176 was found to be Cd‑sensitive. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning of Maize ZmHY5 and ZmHY5L Genes and Their Transcriptional Abundance in Responses to Different Light Treatments YAO Shuaitao, WU Wenjing, WANG Shaoci, ZHAN Weimin, LIU Tong, JIANG Liangliang, YANG Jianping Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (3): 26-35.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.03.003 Abstract （1335）      PDF （2196KB）（291）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the function of maize（Zea mays）HY5（elongated hypocotyl 5）gene，two HY5 genes were cloned from maize inbred line B73，named ZmHY5 and ZmHY5L，respectively.Real‑time quantitative PCR（qRT‑PCR） was used to analyze the expression levels of ZmHY5 and ZmHY5L genes in different tissues of maize and their transcriptional abundance in responses to different light，conversion light and long and short sunshine treatments.The results showed that HY5 of Zea mays had similar domains and high amino acid sequence identity with those of Sorghum bicolor，Miscanthus lutarioriparius，Setaria italica and Arabidopsis thaliana，suggesting that they may have similar functions.The tissue expression patterns of ZmHY5 and ZmHY5L genes were similar，with the highest expression level in leaves，but the expression level of ZmHY5 gene was significantly higher than that of ZmHY5L gene.The response patterns of ZmHY5 and ZmHY5L genes to different continuous light were basically similar.ZmHY5 gene had the highest expression level under blue light condition，and more obvious response to darkness to white light.The response ability of ZmHY5L gene under long‑day condition was stronger than that of ZmHY5 gene，while ZmHY5 gene had stronger response ability in darkness phase under short‑day condition.Overall，ZmHY5 and ZmHY5L genes may play a role in maize photomorphogenesis and flowering regulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Silicon and Selenium on Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Enzyme System of Cucumber Seedlings under Cadmium Stress YU Minmin, FAN Wenhua, LIU Fenwu, TIAN Ludan, WANG Gailing, MENG Qinghui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (1): 116-124.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.01.012 Abstract （1321）      PDF （1494KB）（315）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the effects of silicon（Si）and selenium（Se）on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme system of cucumber seedlings under cadmium（Cd） stress in calcareous soil，and provide a theoretical basis for the application of Si and Se in alleviating Cd toxicity，pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of single or simultaneous application of Si（300 mg/kg）and Se（2，4 mg/kg）on cucumber seedling growth，chlorophyll content，photosynthetic parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity under Cd（5 mg/kg）stress. The results showed that Cd stress had obvious toxic effects on plant growth，leaf photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities in cucumber seedlings. Compared with blank control，the chlorophyll content，net photosynthetic rate（Pn），transpiration rate（Tr） and stomatal conductance（Gs）of cucumber leaves under Cd treatment were decreased significantly，the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration（Ci）increased significantly，the activities of peroxidase（POD），superoxide dismutase（SOD） and catalase（CAT） decreased significantly，while the content of malongizldehyde（MDA）increased significantly. Cd toxicity was alleviated under the application of 300 mg/kg Si or 2，4 mg/kg Se，which could promote the growth of cucumber，increase the chlorophyll content and Pn，Tr，Gs and POD，SOD，CAT activities of cucumber leaves，and reduce the Ci and MDA content. The effect of simultaneous application of Si and Se was more obvious than that of single application of Si or Se，and the application of 300 mg/kg Si and 2 mg/kg Se had the best effect. Compared with single application of Cd，Pn，Tr and Gs of cucumber leaves significantly increased by 18.53%，42.67% and 87.50%，respectively，Ci significantly decreased by 35.61%，POD，SOD and CAT activities significantly increased by 87.65%，32.40% and 23.58%，respectively，and MDA content significantly decreased by 42. 68%.The results show that applying Si and Se in calcareous soil can alleviate the toxicity of Cd to cucumber，enhance the photosynthesis of cucumber leaves and improve the activity of antioxidant enzyme system，and the simultaneous application of Si and Se has a certain synergistic effect. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Colchicine Mutagenesis on Emergence Rate and Quality of Tigernut（Cyperus esculentus L.） WEI Zunmiao, LIU Jiayao, CHENG Yan, WANG Zhanhai, XU Fangda, CHEN Xin, MU Zhongsheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (11): 50-55.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.11.006 Abstract （1307）      PDF （5164KB）（63）       Knowledge map    Save In order to determine the half‑lethal dose for colchicine mutagenesis of tigernut（Cyperus esculentus L.）tuber and obtain high quality variant germplasm resources，the tubers before and after germination were mutagenized with different concentrations（0，1，2，3，4 g/L）of colchicine，the emergence rate was calculated one month later，and the quality was tested by the near‑infrared（NIR）grain analyzer after maturity.The results showed that whether mutagenesis was done before or after germination，the emergence rate of tigernut decreased with the increase of colchicine concentration and mutagenesis time，colchicine concentration had extremely significant effect on the emergence rate，mutagenesis time had significant effect on the emergence rate.Before germination，tigernut tuber was more sensitive to colchicine，the half‑lethal dose of colchicine was lower than that of mutagenesis after germination，and mutagenesis before germination could cause bud deformity，but buds of mutagenesis treatment after germination did not obviously change.On the principle of low mutagenesis concentration and short mutagenesis time to half‑lethal dose，the optimal half‑lethal dose of colchicine was colchicine concentration of 1 g/L，mutagenesis for 24 hours before germination of tigernut tuber.By testing，one germplasm resource with starch content higher than 32% and six germplasm resources with total sugar content higher than 36% in tuber were obtained，which layed the foundation for high‑quality breeding. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Crop Leaf Diseases Based on Improved MobileNetV2 Model WANG Huanxin, SHEN Zhihao, LIU Quan, LIU Jinjiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 143-151.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.017 Abstract （1251）      PDF （2715KB）（377）       Knowledge map    Save In order to achieve convenient recognition of crop leaf disease images based on mobile，improve the efficiency of crop disease recognition and thus better guide crop disease control，a crop disease recognition model was established based on an improved lightweight convolutional neural network MobileNetV2.First，a crop dataset containing 15 types of diseased leaves and 4 types of healthy leaves was created and the data was balanced using data enhancement operations.Second，based on the improvement of MobileNetV2，efficient channel attention（ECA）and attentional feature fusion（AFF）were introduced，and the redundant layers were removed by model pruning，and a high⁃performance lightweight crop disease recognition model was proposed.The results showed that the number of parameters of the improved MobileNetV2 model was reduced by 15.37% compared with that of MobileNetV2，while the recognition accuracy was improved by 0.9 percentage points to 98.4% compared with that before the improvement.Compared with the classical convolutional neural network models such as EfficientNet⁃b0 and ShuffleNetV2⁃0. 5X，the improved model not only had the highest recognition accuracy，but also had a faster convergence rate during training. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc Application on Filling Characteristics of Grains at Different Positions of Maize Ear ZHANG Panpan, LI Chuan, ZHANG Meiwei, YU Xiaohong, MU Weilin, GUO Hanxiao, QIAO Jiangfang, ZHANG Guitang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (9): 16-27.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.002 Abstract （1250）      PDF （1837KB）（62）       Knowledge map    Save The high Zn efficiency variety Zhengdan 958(ZD958)and Zn no‑sensitive variety Longping 638(LP638)were used as materials.The field plot experiment was conducted with three N rates[225 kg/ha(HN),180 kg/ha(MN)and 90 kg/ha(LN)]and two foliar Zn treatments［no Zn(F0),spraying Zn of 1∶1 at jointing stage and flare opening stage(F1)],and the effects of N and Zn application on the filling characteristics of grains at different positions and their relationship with grain yield of different Zn efficiency varieties were studied,so as to provide reference for N and Zn application in the maize production.The results showed that HN treatment had the highest yield,followed by MN treatment,and there was no significant difference between HN treatment and MN treatment.HN treatment increased grain weight at different positions.MN treatment delayed the time with the maximum grain‑filling rate(TGmax)at different positions,and increased the maximum grain‑filling rate(Gmax)at upper position and active grain‑filling period(D)at basal position of ZD958 ear,while HN treatment delayed TGmax,prolonged D of different positions,and enhanced the grain weight with the maximum grain‑filling rate(WGmax)at upper and basal positions of LP638 ear,thus increasing grain yield.Compared with F0 treatment,F1 treatment significantly decreased the bare tip length by 9.9%,significantly increased the yield by 2.0%,increased the grain weight,extended D and postponed TGmax at upper and basal positions of ZD958 ear,and increased WGmax.The grain yield was significantly positively correlated with TGmax at basal position of ear,and the grain weight at middle position of ear was extremely significantly positively correlated with the grain weight at basal position of ear.To sum up,applying 180 kg/ha N and spraying 4.5 kg/ha Zn of 1∶1 at jointing stage and flare opening stage can delay TGmax at upper and basal positions of ear，extend D,and increase WGmax and grain weight of high Zn efficiency maize genotype,thus promoting the increase of yield. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of HSF Gene Family in Eucommia ulmoides and Its Expression Analysis under Adverse Stresses WU Shujuan, XU Feng, WANG Guangan, WANG Chen Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (9): 46-56.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.005 Abstract （1197）      PDF （6355KB）（141）       Knowledge map    Save Heat shock transcription factors（HSFs）play important roles in plant growth and development and in response to abiotic stresses.In order to understand the information of HSF gene family members in Eucommia ulmoides and reveal the structural characteristics and expression patterns of EuHSFs,this study analyzed the physicochemical properties,protein structure,phylogeny,gene structure,conserved domains,promoter cis‑acting elements,and the expression patterns of EuHSF genes in different developmental periods and abiotic stresses by bioinformatics methods and qRT‑PCR.The results showed that a total of 21 EuHSF genes were identified from Eucommia ulmoides,which differed in protein properties,with amino acid numbers,protein theoretical molecular masses,isoelectric points and instability coefficients ranging from 68—369,7.72—42.06 ku,4.31—9.22,and 7.05—67.28,respectively,and mainly consisted of acidic,hydrophilic,and unstable nuclear proteins.Phylogeneticanalysis showed that EuHSFs were divided into three subgroups,including ClassⅠ(1 EuHSF),ClassⅡ(7 EuHSFs)and ClassⅢ(13 EuHSFs),and promoter cis‑acting element analysis revealed that a large number of light‑responsive and hormone‑responsive elements in EuHSF genes.In addition,EuHSF genes were expressed at different developmental periods in Eucommia ulmoides leaves,but there were significant differences in the expression patterns. qRT‑PCR revealed that all EuHSFs responded to different abiotic stresses(high temperature,low temperature,high salinity,and drought),e.g.,most of the EuHSFs showed elevated expression under high‑temperature stress with the prolongation of the treatment time，and they were strongly responsive to both high and low temperatures.In summary,the EuHSF gene family has the function of regulating plant response to abiotic stresses. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Tissue Screening and Condition Optimization of Protoplast Preparation of Cyperus esculentus ZHANG Xiangge, ZHU Yajing, LU Lili, SONG Wanxian, ZHANG Xinyou, HU Haiyan, YU Meiqin, LI Juzheng, WANG Huiwei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (12): 49-56.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.12.006 Abstract （1161）      PDF （2734KB）（101）       Knowledge map    Save In order to obtain Cyperus esculentus protoplasts efficiently，the tissue parts including young shoots，young roots，young leaves，young leaf sheaths，tillering nodes and stolons were screened for protoplast preparation by single factor test method，and the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions such as enzyme combination dosage，enzymatic hydrolysis time，osmotic pressure stabilizer dosage and pH value of the enzyme solution were also optimized.The results showed that the best tissue part for protoplast preparation of Cyperus esculentus was young tillering node；and the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were as follows：the enzyme combination dosage was 2.0% cellulase+0.9% macerozyme，the enzymatic hydrolysis time was 6 h，the osmotic pressure stabilizer（mannitol）dosage was 11%，and the pH value of the enzyme solution was 6.0.Under these conditions，0.2 g of Cyperus esculentus tillering nodes were added to 4 mL of enzyme solution，and then the protoplast yield could reach 22.91×105 per gram and the protoplast activity could reach 90.72%.In this study，an efficient method for protoplast preparation of Cyperus esculentus was obtained，which could lay a foundation for subsequent protoplast fusion，germplasm innovation and hybrid breeding of Cyperus esculentus. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Biochar on Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Community Structure of Flue‑cured Tobacco Varieties with Different Resistance to Black Shank Disease REN Zhichao, LI Xiang, LI Xianfeng, WU Lili, WANG Jing, PENG Zhiliang, LIU Guoshun, YIN Quanyu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (1): 105-115.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.01.012 Abstract （1123）      PDF （5609KB）（97）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the effect of biochar on the fungal community structure in rhizosphere soil of flue‑cured tobacco varieties with different resistance to black shank disease，and to provide theoretical basis for regulating tobacco microenvironment and comprehensively controlling black shank disease，pot experiments were conducted with different flue‑cured tobacco varieties Jingyehuang（highly susceptible variety），K326（moderately resistant variety）and NC82（highly resistant variety）as materials，and no tobacco cultivation was used as control（CK）.Two levels of biochar and no biochar were set up，with a total of eight treatments，and the effect of biochar on fungal community structure in rhizosphere soil of flue‑cured tobacco varieties with different resistance to black shank was explored by high‑throughput sequencing technique. The results showed that，after applying biochar，the incidence and disease index of black shank disease of flue‑cured tobacco varieties with different resistance to black shank disease were significantly reduced，and the control effects for highly susceptible variety Jingyehuang，moderately resistant variety K326 and highly resistant variety NC82 were 56.52%，31.00% and 27.00% respectively. Under the condition of no biochar application，the fungal diversity of rhizosphere soil of high‑resistance variety NC82 and high‑sensitivity variety Jingyehuang was relatively higher，while that of middle‑resistance variety K326 was relatively lower. After biochar application，the fungal diversity of middle‑resistance variety K326 increased significantly，while the fungal diversity of high‑sensitivity variety Jingyehuang and high‑resistance variety NC82 decreased in different degrees. LefSe analysis showed that the key microbial groups in rhizosphere soil of different resistant flue‑cured tobacco varieties were significantly different without biochar application，and the application of biochar changed the key microbial groups in rhizosphere soil，with obvious differences among varieties. PCoA analysis showed that under the condition of no biochar application，compared with the soil without tobacco planting，the sample points of three flue‑cured tobacco varieties were obviously separate，and the application of biochar changed the fungal community structure in rhizosphere soil of three flue‑cured tobacco varieties.To sum up，applying biochar can significantly reduce the occurrence of tobacco black shank disease.The rhizosphere soil fungal community structure of flue‑cured tobacco varieties with different resistance to black shank disease has different responses to biochar input. In production，variety factors should be considered when using biochar to improve soil and tobacco microecological environment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rice Phenotypic Parameters Extraction and Biomass Estimation Based on Three⁃Dimensional Model CHENG Zhiqiang, FANG Shenghui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (7): 144-153.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.07.015 Abstract （1120）      PDF （6848KB）（438）       Knowledge map    Save The phenotype detection methods based on two⁃dimensional images lack spatial dimension information and have difficulty in extracting comprehensive rice phenotype parameters.Therefore，it is of great significance to establish a three⁃dimensional model of rice to extract comprehensive rice phenotype parameters.The volume is an important parameter indicating the growth status of rice. How to obtain rice volume parameters without damaging the rice plant is still a problem to be solved in current research.Based on the above considerations，a method of rice phenotypic parameters extraction and biomass estimation based on three⁃dimensional model is proposed in this paper，which can extract rice volume parameters and estimate rice biomass without damaging the rice plant.This study focused on potted rice，first reconstructed its three⁃dimensional model using the Alpha⁃shape algorithm，and then extracted and evaluated rice height，stem thickness，vegetation coverage，volume parameters，and estimated rice biomass based on the volume parameter.The experimental results showed that space carving could reconstruct a high⁃precision three⁃dimensional model of rice and accurately measure rice phenotype parameters and biomass，the RMSE and MAPE of rice height，stem thickness，and single plant vegetation coverage were 63.27 mm，4.01 mm，5.04% and 7.15%，14.91%，12.59%，and the RMSE and MAPE of rice biomass were 62.44 g and 19.25%，which were better than the results obtained by existing three⁃dimensional reconstruction software. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Control Effect of the Mixture of Mesosulfuron⁃methyl and Pinoxaden on Aegilops tauschii and Lolium multiflorum in Wheat Field WU Renhai, XU Hongle, SUN Lanlan, SU Wangcang, WEI Hongmei, XUE Fei, LU Chuantao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (6): 103-110.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.011 Abstract （1082）      PDF （1384KB）（201）       Knowledge map    Save To develop effective herbicides to control Aegilops tauschii and Lolium multiflorum in wheat fields，the synergistic effect of mesosulfuron⁃methyl mixed with pinoxaden was determined by indoor and field trials.The results of indoor test showed that when mesosulfuron⁃methyl∶pinoxaden was 1∶1，1∶2，1∶3，1∶4，1∶6，the cotoxicity coefficient（CTC） to control Lolium multiflorum was 37.37，189.10，287. 08，259.37，101.80，respectively，indicating that when the ratio of mesosulfuron⁃methyl and pinoxaden was 1∶2—1∶4，it had a significant synergistic effect. When mesosulfuron⁃methyl was mixed with 1，2，4，8 times of pinoxaden，the control effects on A.tauschii were 1.50，1.76，3.66 and 5.65 times of mesosulfuron⁃methyl. When the mixture of mesosulfuron⁃methyl and pinoxaden（1∶4）was at the dosage of（30+120），（60+240），（120+480）g/ha，the inhibition rate on wheat was 10. 28%—34.43%，and the addition of the safener mefenpyr⁃diethyl could restore the growth of wheat to the normal level（spraying water）.The control effect on A. tauschii with the mixed treatment of 3% mesosulfuron⁃methyl OD18 g/ha+5% pinoxaden EC 45—67.5 g/ha was 89. 28%—91. 83%，which was significantly higher than that with 3% methyldisulfuron OD 18 g/ha（83.28%）.The results of regional test showed that the treatment of 3% mesosulfuron⁃methyl OD 13.5 g/ha+5% pinoxaden EC 54 g/ha generated fresh weight control effect of 99.79% on L.multiflorum and wheat yield increased by 17.43%. Above all，the mixture of mesosulfuron⁃methyl and pinoxaden has a good application prospect in controlling A. tauschii and L.multiflorum. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Foliar Spraying of Na2SiO3 on the Yield，Quality and Cd Uptake of Pod Pepper CHAI Guanqun, SUI Yanfeng, YANG Fan, QIN Song, FAN Chengwu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (7): 109-116.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.07.011 Abstract （1080）      PDF （1319KB）（139）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of foliar spraying of 0，3，5 mmol/L（CK，Si3，Si5）Na2SiO3 solution on the yield，quality and Cd absorption and transport capacity of Capsicum annuum L.under 0.3 mg/L Cd stress were investigated by hydroponic experiment，in order to provide scientific basis for the development of foliar inhibitors.The results showed that with the increase of the dosage of Na2SiO3，the biomass of all parts of pod pepper cultivar‘Qing Hong Yuan Shuai’increased. Compared with CK，Si5treatment significantly increased the biomass of all parts，the fresh and dry weight of fruits increased by 16.29% and 15.26%，respectively，and the dry weight of whole plant increased by 21.35%.With the increase of the dosage of Na2SiO3，the contents of soluble sugar，soluble protein，amino acid，vitamin C（Vc）and capsaicin showed increasing trend，and Si5 treatment significantly improved the quality.The order of Cd content in different parts of each treatment was as follows：leaves on main stems>roots>leaves on fork stems>fruits>main stems>fork stems. Compared with CK，foliar spraying of Na2SiO3 solution promoted the decrease of Cd content in all parts of pepper，and the decrease extents of Cd content in fruits with Si3 and Si5 were 11.30%，28.69%，respectively.The difference of Cd accumulation in the whole plant of each treatment was not significant. With the increase of Na2SiO3 concentration，the Cd accumulation in fruits decreased significantly，and the Cd accumulation in stems，leaves and roots increased significantly.Compared with CK，the Cd accumulation in fruits of Si5 treatment decreased by 19.43%. Compared with CK，foliar application of Na2SiO3 solution significantly reduced the transfer efficiency of Cd from roots，fork stems，main stems and leaves of main stems，stem and leaf to fruits（TFfruit/root，TFfruit/fork stem，TFfruit/main stem，TFfruit/leaf of main stem，TFfruit/stem and leaf）.Spraying Na2SiO3solution on the leaves increased the accumulation ability of Cd in the stems，leaves and roots of pod pepper cultivar‘Qing Hong Yuan Shuai’，and limited the transport of Cd from vegetative organs（stems，leaves and roots）to fruits. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Temperature and Moisture Content on Thermophysical Properties of Tobacco Leaves and Establishment of Prediction Models CHEN Jiading, HE Rong, XIAO Qingli, YUAN Ming, TAN Qizhong, PENG Kui, WEI Shuo, LI Shengchun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (6): 172-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.06.018 Abstract （1078）      PDF （3074KB）（415）       Knowledge map    Save In order to comprehensively understand the thermophysical properties of different components of tobacco leaves and provide reference for the design of thermal processing technology such as baking，moisture regain and redrying，the thermal diffusion coefficient，thermal conductivity and mass specific heat capacity of post⁃baking tobacco leaves and main veins were measured by the thermal probe method under the temperature from 10 to 70℃ and moisture content from 5% to 30%，respectively，and the variation pattern was analyzed.The correlation between temperature，moisture content and the values of thermophysical properties of tobacco leaves was fitted in the form of exponential function with the help of MATLAB software to construct an empirical mathematical model of the thermophysical properties of tobacco leaves，which was verified by experiments.The results showed that，（1）The density of tobacco leaves and main veins increased with the increase of moisture content.When the moisture content was 5%—30%，the density of leaves was 562.79—684.84 kg/m3，and the density of main veins was 908.83 to 1 045.51 kg/m3；（2）The increase of temperature and moisture content would increase the thermal diffusion coefficient of tobacco leaves and main veins，and the contribution rate of moisture content was greater.The thermal diffusion coefficient of leaves was 0.092 33—0.219 00 mm2/s，and the thermal diffusion coefficient of main veins was 0.088 67—0.149 00 mm2/s；（3）The thermal conductivity of tobacco leaves and main veins increased with the increase of temperature and moisture content.The thermal conductivity of leaves was 0.088 13—0.435 37 W（/m·K），and the thermal conductivity of main veins was 0.160 70—0.388 83 W（/m·K）；（4）The mass specific heat capacity of tobacco leaves and main veins was mainly positively related to the moisture content. The mass specific heat capacity of tobacco leaves was 1 520.623 44—3 123.569 52 J（/kg·K），and the mass specific heat capacity of main veins was 1 618.828 08—2 563.703 20 J（/kg·K）.（5）For verifying the fitted empirical model，R2 was between 0.93 and 0.99.In summary，the thermophysical properties of leaves and main veins differed greatly，and the fitted exponential function could be used as an empirical mathematical model for calculating the corresponding thermophysical property parameters of tobacco leaves and main veins. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Apple Leaf Diseases Identification Based on Improved Residual Network CHEN Cong, YU Xiao, GONG Qi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 152-161.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.018 Abstract （1076）      PDF （5367KB）（408）       Knowledge map    Save Apple leaf diseases are similar in morphology and different in spot size，and traditional methods relying on labor and agricultural experts to identify them are inefficient. In view of this，this study proposed an apple disease identification model REP⁃ResNet based on improved residual network.This model was improved by adopting the order adjustment of residual structure（that was bath normalization，activation function，convolutional layer），and adding the efficient channel attention and parallel convolution based on the baseline model ResNet⁃50.During the training process，the model weight parameters pretrained in the public dataset PlantVillage were transferred to the above network model for retraining，which aimed to accelerate the convergence speed of the network and improve the recognition ability of the model.Data expansion was used to solve the problem of uneven samples during training.The results showed that the recognition accuracy of the REP⁃ResNet model was 2.41 percentage points higher than that of the benchmark network model.The model was trained by transfer learning，and the accuracy rate of apple leaf disease recognition in complex backgrounds reached 97. 69%. Compared with traditional convolutional neural networks，the recognition effect was greatly improved. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cabbage Yield and Nutrient Utilization under Substitution of Organic Manure for Fertilizer in Vegetable‑Rice Rotation in Lateritic Red Soil ZHANG Licheng, LI Juan, ZHANG Mingqing, GU Zuchao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 87-95.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.010 Abstract （1076）      PDF （1265KB）（123）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization，the cabbage breed Zhonggan 8 was taken as the test material，and field experiments were carried out in the vegetable‑rice rotation area in southern Fujian with five fertilization treatments（customary fertilization，recommended fertilization，organic manure substitution of 25% fertilizer，organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer，organic manure substitution of 100% fertilizer） and no fertilization treatment（control，CK）.The effects of different treatments on yield and nutrient utilization of cabbage were studied.The results showed that substitution of organic manure for fertilizer could promote the growth of cabbage ball.The weight and compactness of cabbage ball in organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments. Through the analysis of cabbage yield under different fertilization treatments，the highest yield was 3 824.13 kg/ha in the treatment of organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer，which was significantly higher than that in the treatment of organic manure substitution of 25% fertilizer，organic manure substitution of 100% fertilizer，customary fertilization and no fertilization，but compared with the recommended fertilization treatment there was no significant difference.The treatment of organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer and the treatment of organic manure substitution of 25% fertilizer had higher nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rates，which were 40.82% and 30.82% respectively.Compared with the customary fertilization，the treatment of organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer increased the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of cabbage by 13.14 percentage point.By comprehensive analysis of cabbage yield and nutrient utilization efficiency，organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer is recommended as the application amount in cabbage production of vegetable and rice rotation in the lateritic red soil of southern Fujian Province. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Complete Gene Sequencing of Bacilus subtilis Isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa and Study of Genes Related to Growth‑promoting Effects LA Guixiao, WANG Linlin, GUO Junqi, ZHAO Yulong, GUO Hongxia, JIA Hui, YANG Tiegang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 75-85.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.008 Abstract （1064）      PDF （3510KB）（57）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the genes associated with the growth‑promoting effects of Bacillus subtilis in Rehmannia glutinosa，whole genome sequencing was performed in this study and the genes associated with the growth‑promoting effects were discovered through functional annotation.The results showed that the genome size of Bacillus subtilis，an endophytic growth‑promoting bacterium of Rehmannia glutinosa，was 4 310 699 bp，with a GC content of 43.44%，and a total of 4 521 predicted coding genes.A total of 3 013，3 354，4 395，206，52，and 212 functional genes were annotated in the clusters of orthologous groups（COG） ，gene ontology（GO） ，kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） ，carbohydrate‑active enzymes（CAZyme），comprehensive antibiotic resistance database（CARD），and virulence factor database（VFDB），respectively.The annotation results indicated that there were 46 genes related to growth‑promoting function，with the majority of these genes involved in phosphorus solubilization，nitrogen fixation，and iron carrier processes.In the meantime，anti‑SMASH predicted that a total of 409 genes were enriched into 12 secondary metabolite synthesis gene clusters，with the majority encoding eight repressors，including fengycin，1‑carbapen‑2‑em‑3‑carboxylic acid，bacillaene，bacilysin，subtilosin A，surfactin，pulcherriminic acid，and bacillibactin.Among these，pulcherriminic acid and bacillibactin had been observed to facilitate the chelation of ferric ions in the surrounding environment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and Expression Analysis of HD‑ZIP Family in Salvia miltiorrhiza LI Wan, CHENG Ruixing, DANG Xin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (7): 66-78.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.07.008 Abstract （1058）      PDF （6842KB）（139）       Knowledge map    Save To screen HD‑ZIP genes（SmHD‑ZIPs）in Salvia miltiorrhiza in response to high temperature stress，SmHD‑ZIPs were identified and analyzed by bioinformatics，and the expression pattern of SmHD‑ZIPs under high temperature stress was detected by qPCR. The results showed that there were 44 HD‑ZIP genes in S.miltiorrhiza，most of which were unevenly distributed on 8 chromosomes. SmHD‑ZIPs could be divided into four subfamilies：HD‑ZIP Ⅰ，HD‑ZIP Ⅱ，HD‑ZIP Ⅲ，HD‑ZIP Ⅳ. The sequence analysis results showed that the amino acid residues of these proteins ranged from 180 to 982，and the relative molecular weight of these proteins ranged from 20. 947 ku to 109. 620 ku. SmHD‑ZIPs were hydrophilic proteins without transmembrane domain，and most of them did not contain signal peptides.The isoelectric points of SmHD‑ZIPs were between 4. 48 and 10. 91，and they were almost expressed in the nucleus with the poor protein stability. Among the 44 SmHD‑ZIP genes，there were 10 gene duplication events，all of which were purified selection. The results of structure and motif analysis showed that the exon number of members of the same subfamily was basically the same，and the members of HD‑ZIP Ⅲ subfamily had the largest exon number and the largest motif number. Motifs 1 and 6 were conserved motifs of SmHD‑ZIP，motifs 10，11，12，13 and 15 was unique to the HD‑ZIP Ⅲ subfamily，while motif 5 were unique to the HD‑ZIP IV subfamily. By analyzing the expression patterns of SmHD‑ZIPs under high temperature（37℃）stress，it was found that the number of genes with increased and decreased expression was basically the same. Among the genes with up‑regulated expression，the expression levels of SmHD‑ZIP1.11，SmHD‑ZIP1.13，SmHD‑ZIP2.2，SmHD‑ZIP2.5，SmHD‑ZIP3.1，SmHD‑ZIP3.4，SmHD‑ZIP4.9，SmHD‑ZIP4.10 and SmHD‑ZIP4.12 were increased by more than 10 times，which could be used as candidate gene resources to improve the heat resistance of S.miltiorrhiza. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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QTL Mapping of Seed Quality Traits Based on High‑Density Genetic Map in Sesame CUI Chengqi, LIU Yanyang, DU Zhenwei, WU Ke, JIANG Xiaolin, ZHENG Yongzhan, MEI Hongxian Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 66-77.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.007 Abstract （1052）      PDF （1663KB）（116）       Knowledge map    Save Sesame（Sesamum indicum L.）is an important oilseed crop for the high oil content and quality.Understanding the genetic basis of seed quality trait is essential for improving the seed quality traits of sesame. To identify the QTLs associated with the seed oil，protein，sesamin，and sesamolin content in sesame，we developed F2，F2:3，BC1 and BC1F2 populations by crossing the Yuzhi 4 and BS lines to perform QTL mapping.A high‑density genetic map for the BC1 population was constructed using SLAF and SSR markers，and a genetic map for the F2 population was constructed using SSR markers. In the F2:3 population，16 QTLs for the seed oil，protein，sesamin，and sesamolin content were identified and explained 5.08%—27.12% of the phenotypic variations（PVs）.Among these 16 QTLs，qOC_10‑1 was detected in two environments and explained 9.62%—27.12% of the PVs.In the BC1 and BC1F2 populations，35 QTLs for the seed oil，protein，sesamin，and sesamolin content were identified.Among these 35 QTLs，the major QTLs qOC_4‑1，qOC_10‑2，and qSmin_7‑2 were detected in three environments，explaining 8.08%—12.42%，11.95%—12.60%，and 4.24%—10.56% of the PVs，respectively.Three major QTLs qSmin_8，qSmol_5‑2，and qSmol_7‑2 were identified in two environments，explaining 13.36%—26.75%，11.44%—14.33%，and 5.77%—12.38% of the PVs，respectively.By integrating the two genetic maps，we identified 10 QTL clusters.It was worth noting that loci4，loci7，loci8，and loci10 harboring at least one major QTL and associating with more than two seed quality traits were identified，and the maximum explanation rates of phenotypic variation were 12.42%，12.38%，26.75% and 27.12%，respectively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of Safe Maize Varieties of Heavy Metals in Cadmium Arsenic Contaminated Farmland CHAI Guanqun, ZHOU Lixing, WANG Li, LIU Guihua, QIN Song, CAO Yan, FAN Chengwu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (10): 74-85.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.10.009 Abstract （1035）      PDF （1776KB）（195）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the differences in the accumulation ability of Cd and As in the grains of different maize varieties and the effects of variety and environment，and to screen out maize varieties with low accumulation of Cd and As in grains，50 local maize varieties in Qixingguan District，Bijie City were used as materials. The differences in the accumulation of Cd and As in maize grains were studied by field experiment in the Cd and As combined polluted farmland of location T and location Y in Qixingguan District.The results showed that variety，environment and their interaction had significant effects on Cd and As contents in maize grains.The contents of Cd and As in maize grains were significantly different，which were generally Cd>As.The grain As content of 50 maize varieties in location T and location Y was significantly lower than the limit of As in food（0.7 mg/kg，NY 861—2004）and the limit of As in feed（2.0 mg/kg，GB 13078—2017）.The grain Cd content of 50 maize varieties in location T and location Y was significantly lower than the limit of Cd in feed（1.0 mg/kg，GB 13078—2017）.The six varieties （Xinzhongyu 801，Jinduyu No.2，Jinduyu 808，Kangnongyu 109，Tongyu No.3，Yudan No.7）planted in location T and location Y had strong stability，and their Cd contents were higher than the limit of Cd in food（0.05 mg/kg，NY 861—2004）.In addition，the Cd content in Jinxiang 369 was also higher than the limit of Cd in food（0.05 mg/kg，NY 861—2004）. In summary，50 maize varieties could be planted as feed materials in Cd and As combined polluted farmland in the study area，Xinzhongyu 801，Jinduyu No.2，Jinduyu 808，Kangnongyu 109，Tongyu No.3，Yudan No.7，Jinxiang 369 could not be planted as food，while other maize varieties could be planted as food. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and Identification of Antagonistic Endophytic Bacteria against Asparagus Stem Blight SU Zhuowen, LU Caige, CAI Shulin, ZHANG Taotao, DONG Dan, ZHAO Juan, ZHANG Dianpeng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (10): 106-113.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.10.012 Abstract （1026）      PDF （3081KB）（264）       Knowledge map    Save To obtain endophytic antagonists efficiently inhibiting asparagus stem blight （Phomopsis asparagi），52 strains of endophytic bacteria were isolated from the roots of wild asparagus collected in Miyun District of Beijing and were tested for their bio‑control activity against Phomopsis asparagi using the dual culture method and greenhouse experiments. The results showed that three strains of endophytic bacteria with good inhibitory effects were obtained，and the inhibition rates were 63.70%—85.00%.Among them the strain YS‑G10 displayed the highest antagonistic activity and the inhibition rate against Phomopsis asparagi was up to 85.00%.The strain YS‑G10 could also effectively inhibit asparagus stem blight in the greenhouse experiment and the control effect was 73.44%.Biocontrol‑related character assays showed that the strain was capable of producing protease and cellulase，suggesting that the strain YS‑G10 may control asparagus stem blight by secreting hydrolysis enzymes such as protease and cellulase to destory the cell wall of pathogenic fungi or inhibit the production of pathogenic toxins.By using morphological，physiological，biochemical tests and phylogenetic tree analysis based on 16S rDNA and gyrB sequences，the strain YS‑G10 was identified as Bacillus velezensis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation Analysis between Protein Content and Agronomic Traits of Foxtail Millet FENG Lian, TIAN Xiang, QIAO Zhijun, WANG Haigang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (6): 43-53.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.005 Abstract （1011）      PDF （1989KB）（272）       Knowledge map    Save The correlation between the agronomic traits（quality traits：seedling leaf color，tillering，leaf sheath color，panicle type，ear tightness，bristle length，shape of panicle neck，hull color，grain color；quantitative traits：main stem length，main panicle length，diameter of main stem，node number of main stem，main panicle diameter，panicle weight per plant，grain weight per plant）and grain protein content of 83 Shanxi foxtail millet cultivars including landraces and bred cultivars was studied，and principal component analysis and cluster analysis were done，so as to provide theoretical basis for the selection of germplasm with high protein content in millet breeding.The results showed that the variation coefficient of grain protein content of foxtail millet was the lowest（9.00%），whereas the variation coefficient of grain weight per plant was the highest（30.75%）.The order of variation coefficient of all the quantitative traits was grain weight per plant>panicle weight per plant>main panicle length>main panicle diameter>main stem length>node number of main stem>diameter of main stem>protein content.Correlation analysis result showed that grain protein content was significantly negatively correlated with main stem length，node number of main stem，main stem diameter，panicle weight per plant，grain weight per plant and leaf sheath color，and significantly positively correlated with bristle length and grain color.The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first eight principal components was 80.643%，which could be used to express most of the information of millet protein content and agronomic traits. All the foxtail millet cultivars were divided into four categories by cluster analysis.The first group was bred cultivars，which had the smallest main stem length，node number of main stem and bristle length，and the largest diameter of main stem，showing lodging resistance potential.The second group mainly consisted of landraces，which had the highest protein content. The main panicle length and grain weight per plant were the highest in the third group. The fourth group was mainly composed of bred cultivars with the highest main stem length，node number of main stem and panicle weight per plant. In the future，more attention should be paid to the utilization of the landraces with low main stem length，panicle weight per plant，and grain weight per plant during the breeding of foxtail millet cultivars with high protein content. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Irrigation Strategies Optimization for Winter Wheat in Henan Province Based on AquaCrop Model RONG Yasi, LI Guoqiang, ZHANG Jie, ZHANG Jiantao, WANG Meng, ZHENG Guoqing, FENG Wei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (2): 151-161.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.02.017 Abstract （1009）      PDF （1465KB）（98）       Knowledge map    Save Crop simulation models are practical tools for assessing and developing irrigation strategies.In this study，the AquaCrop model was calibrated and validated for wheat in Henan province.The validated model was then applied to investigate the effect of variable irrigation strategies on wheat yield.The model calibration was performed on field experiments at Zhoukou of Henan Province during the 2016—2018 growing season.Afterward，the validation was done on field experiments during the 2019—2020 growing season.After accurate calibration and validation of the AquaCrop model，the effects of 16 irrigation scenarios on water consumption，transpiration，grain yield，water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of winter wheat under different rainfall year types were analyzed.The results showed that various parameters affecting canopy cover and grain yield had been calibrated based on the comparison between measurements and the results of simulations.The results of canopy cover such as R2，d，and RMSE were 0.84 to 0.94，0.93 to 0.98，and 4.7% to 9.4%，respectively.The reliability indices of biomass were 0.94―0.95，0.93―0.98，and 2.1―2.2 t/ha，respectively.Moreover，the RE of yield and water use efficiency was lower than 10%，respectively.The various simulations（irrigation scenarios）showed that the optimal irrigation strategies achieved the maximum grain yield and water use efficiency in different rainfall patterns.In dry years，225 mm of irrigation water was applied at the jointing，flowering，and grain‑filling stages.In normal years，150 mm of irrigation water was applied at the jointing and flowering stages. In wet years，75 mm of irrigation water was applied at the jointing stage. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Accumulation Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Grains of Different Wheat Varieties in Contaminated Calcareous Soil WANG Qiuhong, SHI Qianru, PENG Aihua, SHANG Yanping, SUN Fawei, LIANG Xiaodong, YANG Suqin, ZHANG Biao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (10): 72-81.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.10.008 Abstract （1004）      PDF （1705KB）（122）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen suitable wheat varieties for safe production in polluted soil，17 common wheat varieties were selected as test materials and cultivated in polluted calcareous soil in northern Henan Province. The accumulation status of heavy metals cadmium（Cd），lead（Pb），iron（Fe），manganese（Mn），copper（Cu）and zinc（Zn）in grains were compared，and available heavy metal content in the rhizosphere soil of each variety as well as its correlation with the elemental content of grains were analyzed.The results showed that the Cd content in the soil in the experimental site was 2.17 mg/kg，which belonged to safe utilization soil according to Soil Environmental Quality—Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land（GB 15618—2018）.There were significant differences in grain Cd content among different wheat varieties，B10 had the lowest Cd content（0.12 mg/kg），followed by YK048，and the grain Cd content of YZ4110 was the highest. Cd content in the grains of various wheat varieties all exceeded the limit value（0.10 mg/kg） in National Food Safety Standards—Limits for Pollutants in Food（GB 2762—2017）.In terms of Pb content in grains，there was no significant difference among varieties，and all of them were lower than the limit value（0.20 mg/kg）in National Food Safety Standards—Limits for Pollutants in Food（GB 2762—2017）. It was found that the ratio of available Cd to total Cd in the experimental site was relatively higher，reaching 46%. There was a extremely significant positive correlation between soil available Cd content and grain Cd content. Fe and Zn are antagonistic elements to Cd，amony the wheat varieties selected in this study，the ratio of total content of Fe and Zn to Cd content in the grains of Y048，B10，B4199 and X979 was higher. Therefore，they should be recommended as priority varieties，and soil control measures should be taken to achieve safe production. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics