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Identification of Differentially Expressed bHLH Genes in Maize under Drought‑Rewatering Treatments XIE Xiaowen, ZHANG Xinyue, FU Jiaxu, SHAO Jing, WEN Pengfei, WANG Tongchao, WEI Li Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 33-44.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.004 Abstract （2160）      PDF （5798KB）（215）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore bHLH transcription factors related to drought resistance in maize（ Zea mays），differentially expressed bHLH genes were identified under drought‑rewatering treatment，and physicochemical characteristics，phylogenetic evolution，chromosome distribution，gene duplication，gene structure，conserved motif，cis‑elements in promoter region and gene expression were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 51 differentially expressed bHLH genes were identified in maize under drought‑rewatering treatment，the amino acid number，molecular weight and isoelectric point of 51 bHLH proteins ranged from 80 to 705 aa，21.26 to 92.17 ku，and 4.54 to 12.41，respectively.bHLH genes were divided into 16 subgroups，Ⅺ subgroup was the largest，containing 9 bHLH proteins；Ⅵ，Ⅷ，Ⅸ and ⅩⅢ subgroups were the smallest，containing 1 bHLH protein each. bHLH genes were distributed unevenly on 10 chromosomes，among which 7 pairs of genes had replication relationships.The number of exons varied greatly，9 bHLH genes contained 1 exon，27 bHLH genes contained 2—5 exons，and 15 bHLH genes contained 6 or more exons；Motif 1 and Motif 2 appeared more frequently in the conserved motifs of bHLH protein，followed by Motif 3 and Motif 5，with Motif 6 and Motif 9 appeared least frequently.The promoter region of bHLH genes contained many cis‑acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stress，such as ABRE，GARE‑motif，P‑box，AuxRR‑core，MBS，TGACG‑motif，CGTCA‑motif，TCA‑rich，TGA‑element and TCA‑element. Under drought‑rewatering treatment，51 bHLH genes exhibited different expression patterns，among them，14 genes such as ZmbHLH20，ZmbHLH25，ZmbHLH9，ZmbHLH137and ZmbHLH178 positively responded to drought stress，and 14 genes such as ZmbHLH58，ZmbHLH87， ZmbHLH36 and ZmbHLH106 negatively responded to drought stress，which were candidate genes for further study of drought response in maize bHLH family. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Soybean and Maize Stubbles on Bacterial Community Structure and Function in Winter Wheat Rhizosphere Soil GUO Hui, LIAN Yanhao, ZHAO Zhibo, REN Yongzhe, WANG Zhiqiang, LIN Tongbao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (7): 79-89.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.07.009 Abstract （1292）      PDF （3686KB）（90）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the differences in the effects of maize stubble and soybean stubble in the Huang‑Huai‑Hai area，in 2023，rhizosphere soil samples at the jointing stage of winter wheat were collected under the conditions of long‑term positioning test fields for up to 4 years（2019—2023）.The responses of rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure and function to no nitrogen application（N0）and conventional nitrogen application（N240，pure nitrogen 240 kg/ha） were studied by using 16S high‑throughput sequencing technology combined with Tax4Fun2 function prediction analysis in the jointing stage of winter wheat under maize（M）stubble and soybean（S）stubble，respectively.There were four treatments（MN0，SN0，MN240，SN240）in total.The results showed that，at the phylum level，Proteobacteria，Acidobacteria，Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteriota were the dominant rhizosphere bacteria of winter wheat with a relative abundance of 66.66%—69.56%.Under N0 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in S stubble was significantly increased by 19.10% compared with that in M stubble（ P<0.05），and under N240 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in S stubble was significantly increased by 11.90% compared with that in M stubble（ P<0.05）.At the order level，Vicinamibacterales and Burkholderiales were the dominant bacteria with a relative abundance of 18.42%—19.68%. Under N0 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of Vicinamibacterales in S stubble was significantly reduced by 13.69% compared with that in M stubble（ P<0.05）；The relative abundance of Burkholderiales was increased significantly by 11.31%（ P<0.05）.Through the Tax4Fun2 function prediction and the KEGG data comparison，it was found that there were significant differences in the relative abundance of seven functional pathways under the metabolism category under N0 nitrogen application rate（ P<0.05），and correlation analysis further revealed that there was a significant correlation between Vicinamibacterales and Burkholderiales and amino acid metabolism pathways（ P<0.01）.There were 26 functional genes involved in soil nitrogen cycling pathway in winter wheat soil bacteria，and the relative abundance of denitrification functional genes accounted for the largest proportion.Under N0 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of denitrification functional genes norB，norC and nirS in M stubble was significantly higher than that in S stubble（ P<0.05）.In conclusion，the stubble causes the soil bacterial community structure of winter wheat to change under different amount of nitrogen. Different stubble affects the nitrogen metabolism function of bacterial community by changing the structure of rhizosphere soil bacterial community. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Crop Leaf Diseases Based on Improved MobileNetV2 Model WANG Huanxin, SHEN Zhihao, LIU Quan, LIU Jinjiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 143-151.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.017 Abstract （1146）      PDF （2715KB）（280）       Knowledge map    Save In order to achieve convenient recognition of crop leaf disease images based on mobile，improve the efficiency of crop disease recognition and thus better guide crop disease control，a crop disease recognition model was established based on an improved lightweight convolutional neural network MobileNetV2.First，a crop dataset containing 15 types of diseased leaves and 4 types of healthy leaves was created and the data was balanced using data enhancement operations.Second，based on the improvement of MobileNetV2，efficient channel attention（ECA）and attentional feature fusion（AFF）were introduced，and the redundant layers were removed by model pruning，and a high⁃performance lightweight crop disease recognition model was proposed.The results showed that the number of parameters of the improved MobileNetV2 model was reduced by 15.37% compared with that of MobileNetV2，while the recognition accuracy was improved by 0.9 percentage points to 98.4% compared with that before the improvement.Compared with the classical convolutional neural network models such as EfficientNet⁃b0 and ShuffleNetV2⁃0. 5X，the improved model not only had the highest recognition accuracy，but also had a faster convergence rate during training. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Biochar on Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Community Structure of Flue‑cured Tobacco Varieties with Different Resistance to Black Shank Disease REN Zhichao, LI Xiang, LI Xianfeng, WU Lili, WANG Jing, PENG Zhiliang, LIU Guoshun, YIN Quanyu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (1): 105-115.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.01.012 Abstract （1084）      PDF （5609KB）（48）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the effect of biochar on the fungal community structure in rhizosphere soil of flue‑cured tobacco varieties with different resistance to black shank disease，and to provide theoretical basis for regulating tobacco microenvironment and comprehensively controlling black shank disease，pot experiments were conducted with different flue‑cured tobacco varieties Jingyehuang（highly susceptible variety），K326（moderately resistant variety）and NC82（highly resistant variety）as materials，and no tobacco cultivation was used as control（CK）.Two levels of biochar and no biochar were set up，with a total of eight treatments，and the effect of biochar on fungal community structure in rhizosphere soil of flue‑cured tobacco varieties with different resistance to black shank was explored by high‑throughput sequencing technique. The results showed that，after applying biochar，the incidence and disease index of black shank disease of flue‑cured tobacco varieties with different resistance to black shank disease were significantly reduced，and the control effects for highly susceptible variety Jingyehuang，moderately resistant variety K326 and highly resistant variety NC82 were 56.52%，31.00% and 27.00% respectively. Under the condition of no biochar application，the fungal diversity of rhizosphere soil of high‑resistance variety NC82 and high‑sensitivity variety Jingyehuang was relatively higher，while that of middle‑resistance variety K326 was relatively lower. After biochar application，the fungal diversity of middle‑resistance variety K326 increased significantly，while the fungal diversity of high‑sensitivity variety Jingyehuang and high‑resistance variety NC82 decreased in different degrees. LefSe analysis showed that the key microbial groups in rhizosphere soil of different resistant flue‑cured tobacco varieties were significantly different without biochar application，and the application of biochar changed the key microbial groups in rhizosphere soil，with obvious differences among varieties. PCoA analysis showed that under the condition of no biochar application，compared with the soil without tobacco planting，the sample points of three flue‑cured tobacco varieties were obviously separate，and the application of biochar changed the fungal community structure in rhizosphere soil of three flue‑cured tobacco varieties.To sum up，applying biochar can significantly reduce the occurrence of tobacco black shank disease.The rhizosphere soil fungal community structure of flue‑cured tobacco varieties with different resistance to black shank disease has different responses to biochar input. In production，variety factors should be considered when using biochar to improve soil and tobacco microecological environment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rice Phenotypic Parameters Extraction and Biomass Estimation Based on Three⁃Dimensional Model CHENG Zhiqiang, FANG Shenghui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (7): 144-153.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.07.015 Abstract （1057）      PDF （6848KB）（263）       Knowledge map    Save The phenotype detection methods based on two⁃dimensional images lack spatial dimension information and have difficulty in extracting comprehensive rice phenotype parameters.Therefore，it is of great significance to establish a three⁃dimensional model of rice to extract comprehensive rice phenotype parameters.The volume is an important parameter indicating the growth status of rice. How to obtain rice volume parameters without damaging the rice plant is still a problem to be solved in current research.Based on the above considerations，a method of rice phenotypic parameters extraction and biomass estimation based on three⁃dimensional model is proposed in this paper，which can extract rice volume parameters and estimate rice biomass without damaging the rice plant.This study focused on potted rice，first reconstructed its three⁃dimensional model using the Alpha⁃shape algorithm，and then extracted and evaluated rice height，stem thickness，vegetation coverage，volume parameters，and estimated rice biomass based on the volume parameter.The experimental results showed that space carving could reconstruct a high⁃precision three⁃dimensional model of rice and accurately measure rice phenotype parameters and biomass，the RMSE and MAPE of rice height，stem thickness，and single plant vegetation coverage were 63.27 mm，4.01 mm，5.04% and 7.15%，14.91%，12.59%，and the RMSE and MAPE of rice biomass were 62.44 g and 19.25%，which were better than the results obtained by existing three⁃dimensional reconstruction software. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cabbage Yield and Nutrient Utilization under Substitution of Organic Manure for Fertilizer in Vegetable‑Rice Rotation in Lateritic Red Soil ZHANG Licheng, LI Juan, ZHANG Mingqing, GU Zuchao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 87-95.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.010 Abstract （1041）      PDF （1265KB）（93）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization，the cabbage breed Zhonggan 8 was taken as the test material，and field experiments were carried out in the vegetable‑rice rotation area in southern Fujian with five fertilization treatments（customary fertilization，recommended fertilization，organic manure substitution of 25% fertilizer，organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer，organic manure substitution of 100% fertilizer） and no fertilization treatment（control，CK）.The effects of different treatments on yield and nutrient utilization of cabbage were studied.The results showed that substitution of organic manure for fertilizer could promote the growth of cabbage ball.The weight and compactness of cabbage ball in organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments. Through the analysis of cabbage yield under different fertilization treatments，the highest yield was 3 824.13 kg/ha in the treatment of organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer，which was significantly higher than that in the treatment of organic manure substitution of 25% fertilizer，organic manure substitution of 100% fertilizer，customary fertilization and no fertilization，but compared with the recommended fertilization treatment there was no significant difference.The treatment of organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer and the treatment of organic manure substitution of 25% fertilizer had higher nitrogen and phosphorus utilization rates，which were 40.82% and 30.82% respectively.Compared with the customary fertilization，the treatment of organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer increased the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of cabbage by 13.14 percentage point.By comprehensive analysis of cabbage yield and nutrient utilization efficiency，organic manure substitution of 50% fertilizer is recommended as the application amount in cabbage production of vegetable and rice rotation in the lateritic red soil of southern Fujian Province. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Apple Leaf Diseases Identification Based on Improved Residual Network CHEN Cong, YU Xiao, GONG Qi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 152-161.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.018 Abstract （1022）      PDF （5367KB）（308）       Knowledge map    Save Apple leaf diseases are similar in morphology and different in spot size，and traditional methods relying on labor and agricultural experts to identify them are inefficient. In view of this，this study proposed an apple disease identification model REP⁃ResNet based on improved residual network.This model was improved by adopting the order adjustment of residual structure（that was bath normalization，activation function，convolutional layer），and adding the efficient channel attention and parallel convolution based on the baseline model ResNet⁃50.During the training process，the model weight parameters pretrained in the public dataset PlantVillage were transferred to the above network model for retraining，which aimed to accelerate the convergence speed of the network and improve the recognition ability of the model.Data expansion was used to solve the problem of uneven samples during training.The results showed that the recognition accuracy of the REP⁃ResNet model was 2.41 percentage points higher than that of the benchmark network model.The model was trained by transfer learning，and the accuracy rate of apple leaf disease recognition in complex backgrounds reached 97. 69%. Compared with traditional convolutional neural networks，the recognition effect was greatly improved. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of miRNAs Related to High Temperature Stress in Maize Pollen and Analysis of Their Target Genes LI Chuan, ZHANG Panpan, ZHANG Meiwei, NIU Jun, MU Weilin, GUO Hanxiao, QIAO Jiangfang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (2): 1-16.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.001 Abstract （1019）      PDF （4835KB）（180）       Knowledge map    Save By using high⁃throughput miRNA sequencing technology，differentially expressed miRNAs were indentified in pollens of high heat tolerant maize variety Zhengdan 958 and low heat tolerant maize variety Xianyu 335 under high temperature stress at flowering stage，their target genes were predicted，and the enrichment analysis of genetic characteristics and metabolic pathways of these target genes were conducted. The results showed that a total of 818 miRNA precursor sequences were identified. Nineteen significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were screened in the group of Zhengdan 958 pollen under high temperature stress compared with the control pollen under normal condition(HT958 vs CK958). Among them，15 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated，4 miRNA sequences were down⁃regulated，and expression level difference of 3 miRNA sequences reached extremely significant level( P<0.01).The predicted results of target genes of 19 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 503 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，microtubule⁃based process，hosphorylation，positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase Ⅱ ，methylation and so on，and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were glutathione metabolism，carbon metabolism，arachidonic acid metabolism lycolysis/gluconeogenesis，folate biosynthesis and so on. Fiveteen significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the group of Xianyu 335 pollen under high temperature stress compared with the control pollen(HT335 vs CK335). Among them，7 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated,8 were down⁃regulated，and the expression level difference of 1 miRNA sequence reached highly significant level( P<0.01).The predicted results of target genes of 15 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 454 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，phosphorylation，protein phosphorylation,proteolysis，DNA repair and so on，and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were other glycan degradation,linoleic acid metabolism,metabolic pathways，thiamine metabolism，protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and so on.Eighty⁃five significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the group of Zhengdan 958 pollen under high temperature stress compared with Xianyu 335 pollen under high temperature stress(HT985 vs HT335). Among them，35 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated，50 were down⁃regulated，and expression level difference of 24 miRNA sequences reached extremely significant level( P<0.01). The predicted results of target genes of 85 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 2 286 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，phosphorylation,protein phosphorylation,proteolysis,transmembrane transport and so on，the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were sphingolipidmetabolism，starch and sucrose metabolism，other glycan degradation，metabolic pathways，cysteine and methionine metabolism and so on. Ninety⁃four significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the HT958 vs CK958 group compared with HT335 vs CK335 group. The predicted results of target genes of 94 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 4 569 gene transcripts were obtained.Among them，the expression level difference of 28 miRNA sequences showed extremely significant( P<0.01),including PC⁃3p⁃10069_1143C⁃3p⁃18335_646，zma⁃miR164f⁃5p and so on. The enriched GO biological process terms of target genes of 94 differentially expressed miRNA sequences included regulation of transcription,DNA⁃templated,phosphorylation,protein phosphorylation,protein transport,proteolysis and so on,and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum，ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes，spliceosome，sphingolipid metabolism，endocytosis and so on. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Temperature and Moisture Content on Thermophysical Properties of Tobacco Leaves and Establishment of Prediction Models CHEN Jiading, HE Rong, XIAO Qingli, YUAN Ming, TAN Qizhong, PENG Kui, WEI Shuo, LI Shengchun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (6): 172-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.06.018 Abstract （1016）      PDF （3074KB）（232）       Knowledge map    Save In order to comprehensively understand the thermophysical properties of different components of tobacco leaves and provide reference for the design of thermal processing technology such as baking，moisture regain and redrying，the thermal diffusion coefficient，thermal conductivity and mass specific heat capacity of post⁃baking tobacco leaves and main veins were measured by the thermal probe method under the temperature from 10 to 70℃ and moisture content from 5% to 30%，respectively，and the variation pattern was analyzed.The correlation between temperature，moisture content and the values of thermophysical properties of tobacco leaves was fitted in the form of exponential function with the help of MATLAB software to construct an empirical mathematical model of the thermophysical properties of tobacco leaves，which was verified by experiments.The results showed that，（1）The density of tobacco leaves and main veins increased with the increase of moisture content.When the moisture content was 5%—30%，the density of leaves was 562.79—684.84 kg/m 3，and the density of main veins was 908.83 to 1 045.51 kg/m 3；（2）The increase of temperature and moisture content would increase the thermal diffusion coefficient of tobacco leaves and main veins，and the contribution rate of moisture content was greater.The thermal diffusion coefficient of leaves was 0.092 33—0.219 00 mm 2/s，and the thermal diffusion coefficient of main veins was 0.088 67—0.149 00 mm 2/s；（3）The thermal conductivity of tobacco leaves and main veins increased with the increase of temperature and moisture content.The thermal conductivity of leaves was 0.088 13—0.435 37 W（/m·K），and the thermal conductivity of main veins was 0.160 70—0.388 83 W（/m·K）；（4）The mass specific heat capacity of tobacco leaves and main veins was mainly positively related to the moisture content. The mass specific heat capacity of tobacco leaves was 1 520.623 44—3 123.569 52 J（/kg·K），and the mass specific heat capacity of main veins was 1 618.828 08—2 563.703 20 J（/kg·K）.（5）For verifying the fitted empirical model， R 2 was between 0.93 and 0.99.In summary，the thermophysical properties of leaves and main veins differed greatly，and the fitted exponential function could be used as an empirical mathematical model for calculating the corresponding thermophysical property parameters of tobacco leaves and main veins. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Accumulation Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Grains of Different Wheat Varieties in Contaminated Calcareous Soil WANG Qiuhong, SHI Qianru, PENG Aihua, SHANG Yanping, SUN Fawei, LIANG Xiaodong, YANG Suqin, ZHANG Biao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (10): 72-81.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.10.008 Abstract （970）      PDF （1705KB）（99）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen suitable wheat varieties for safe production in polluted soil，17 common wheat varieties were selected as test materials and cultivated in polluted calcareous soil in northern Henan Province. The accumulation status of heavy metals cadmium（Cd），lead（Pb），iron（Fe），manganese（Mn），copper（Cu）and zinc（Zn）in grains were compared，and available heavy metal content in the rhizosphere soil of each variety as well as its correlation with the elemental content of grains were analyzed.The results showed that the Cd content in the soil in the experimental site was 2.17 mg/kg，which belonged to safe utilization soil according to Soil Environmental Quality— Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land（GB 15618—2018）.There were significant differences in grain Cd content among different wheat varieties，B10 had the lowest Cd content（0.12 mg/kg），followed by YK048，and the grain Cd content of YZ4110 was the highest. Cd content in the grains of various wheat varieties all exceeded the limit value（0.10 mg/kg） in National Food Safety Standards— Limits for Pollutants in Food（GB 2762—2017）.In terms of Pb content in grains，there was no significant difference among varieties，and all of them were lower than the limit value（0.20 mg/kg）in National Food Safety Standards— Limits for Pollutants in Food（GB 2762—2017）. It was found that the ratio of available Cd to total Cd in the experimental site was relatively higher，reaching 46%. There was a extremely significant positive correlation between soil available Cd content and grain Cd content. Fe and Zn are antagonistic elements to Cd，amony the wheat varieties selected in this study，the ratio of total content of Fe and Zn to Cd content in the grains of Y048，B10，B4199 and X979 was higher. Therefore，they should be recommended as priority varieties，and soil control measures should be taken to achieve safe production. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Irrigation Strategies Optimization for Winter Wheat in Henan Province Based on AquaCrop Model RONG Yasi, LI Guoqiang, ZHANG Jie, ZHANG Jiantao, WANG Meng, ZHENG Guoqing, FENG Wei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (2): 151-161.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.02.017 Abstract （959）      PDF （1465KB）（51）       Knowledge map    Save Crop simulation models are practical tools for assessing and developing irrigation strategies.In this study，the AquaCrop model was calibrated and validated for wheat in Henan province.The validated model was then applied to investigate the effect of variable irrigation strategies on wheat yield.The model calibration was performed on field experiments at Zhoukou of Henan Province during the 2016—2018 growing season.Afterward，the validation was done on field experiments during the 2019—2020 growing season.After accurate calibration and validation of the AquaCrop model，the effects of 16 irrigation scenarios on water consumption，transpiration，grain yield，water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of winter wheat under different rainfall year types were analyzed.The results showed that various parameters affecting canopy cover and grain yield had been calibrated based on the comparison between measurements and the results of simulations.The results of canopy cover such as R 2，d，and RMSE were 0.84 to 0.94，0.93 to 0.98，and 4.7% to 9.4%，respectively.The reliability indices of biomass were 0.94―0.95，0.93―0.98，and 2.1―2.2 t/ha，respectively.Moreover，the RE of yield and water use efficiency was lower than 10%，respectively.The various simulations（irrigation scenarios）showed that the optimal irrigation strategies achieved the maximum grain yield and water use efficiency in different rainfall patterns.In dry years，225 mm of irrigation water was applied at the jointing，flowering，and grain‑filling stages.In normal years，150 mm of irrigation water was applied at the jointing and flowering stages. In wet years，75 mm of irrigation water was applied at the jointing stage. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Spatio‑Temporal Variation of Climatic Suitability of Sesame Planting in Henan Province HU Feng, ZHANG Jiantao, ZHANG Jie, GAO Tongmei, ZHAO Qiaoli, ZHENG Guoqing, LI Guoqiang, LIU Lijie Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 56-68.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.007 Abstract （895）      PDF （3493KB）（144）       Knowledge map    Save This study aimed to clarify the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the climatic suitability of sesame in Henan Province and to guide the layout of sesame production by establishing climate suitability models for sesame growth using fuzzy mathematics method based on the light，temperature，and water requirements of sesame.The temperature，light，precipitation，and comprehensive climate suitability of sesame were calculated using the daily meteorological data of 15 meteorological stations in Henan from 1961 to 2019.The results showed that temperature suitability（0.938—0.956）was higher than light suitability（0.568—0.657）and precipitation suitability（0.492—0.595）of sesame in 15 stations in Henan Province，and the comprehensive climate suitability was 0.641—0.712.From 1961 to 2019，the light and comprehensive climate suitability of sesame in Henan Province showed asignificant downward trend，decreasing by 0.032 and 0.012 every 10 years.The change trends of temperature and precipitation suitability were not significant.The light，precipitation，and comprehensive climate suitability decreased gradually from north to south，while the temperature suitability increased gradually from northwest to southeast. The findings suggest that the temperature suitability of Henan sesame is higher and the heat resources are rich，the light suitability is gradually decreasing and not conducive to the growth of sesame，the precipitation suitability is the lowest，and precipitation is the main climatic factor that restricts the production of sesame in Henan.In the production of Henan sesame，it is of great significance to consolidate the advantages of traditional sesame producing areas such as Zhumadian and Zhoukou in southeastern Henan，expand the planting range of high climate suitability areas such as northern and eastern Henan，improve the irrigation and drainage facilities to improve the utilization rate of sesame climate resources and ensure the stable yield and yield increase of Henan sesame. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Materials on Microbial Community in Winter Rapeseed⁃Maize Rotation in Yellow Soil WEI Quanquan, GU Xiaofeng, GOU Jiulan, ZHANG Meng, RAO Yong, XIAO Huagui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (6): 41-50.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.06.005 Abstract （882）      PDF （6331KB）（110）       Knowledge map    Save To provide scientific basis for improving soil fertility and yield and quality of rape and maize in Guizhou province，the effect of nitrogen fertilizer combined with organic materials on soil microbial community in winter rapeseed⁃maize rotation in yellow soil was discussed. Long⁃term positioning experiment of different organic materials application was conducted in Guiyang City，Guizhou Province for four consecutive years from 2018 to 2021. Five treatments［no nitrogen fertilizer（T1，CK），normal nitrogen fertilizer（T2），and normal nitrogen fertilizer+ straw（T3），normal nitrogen fertilizer+ biochar（T4）and normal nitrogen fertilizer+commercial organic fertilizer（T5）］were set up，and soil samples were collected from different treatments after rapeseed harvest in May 2021 to study the effects of different treatments on soil microbial communities. The results showed that the number of bacterial OTU（operational taxonomic units）treated with T1—T5 was 3 557，3 413，3 315，3 452 and 3 468，and the number of fungal OTU was 1 530，1 196，1 488，1 428 and 1 579，respectively. Compared with T1 treatment，after applying nitrogen fertilizer and organic materials（T2—T5），the Chaol index and Shannon index of the soil bacterial community increased by 0.67%—7.79% and 0.30%—1.36%，the Simpson index decreased by 2.94%—11.76%. In the soil fungal community，after applying nitrogen fertilizer and organic materials，the Chaol index and Shannon index increased by 9.64%—20.66% and 29.55%—61.86%，respectively，and the Simpson index decreased by 55.83%—89.52%. Community abundance and LEfSe analysis showed that，compared to the T1 treatment，applying nitrogen fertilizer and organic materials altered the abundance of bacterial dominant species in soil.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria，Chloroflexi，and Actinobacteria increased by 1.74%—24.05%，9.03%—29.06% and2.13%—12.12%，respectively. The relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes decreased by 17.78%—42.79% and 12.61%—14.68%，respectively.The relative abundance of Ascomycota，Mortierellomycota，Unclassified_k_Fungi，and Rozellomycota in soil decreased by 2.79%—41.84%，33.14%—54.85%，4.13%—69.97% and 37.64%—79.47%，respectively.The relative abundance of Basidiomycota increased by 29.78%—249.21%，and Fusarium decreased by 4.95%—55.77%.To sum up，nitrogen fertilizer and combined application of organic materials can the microbial environment and the microbial community composition and diversity of soil in yellow soil in winter rapeseed⁃maize rotation.Combined application of organic materials can improve the soil microbial environment by improving the beneficial flora，reducing or inhibiting the harmful flora to a certain extent，thereby improving the soil fertility of yellow soil. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Canopy Chlorophyll Estimation Model of Buckwheat with Different Selenium Levels Based on UAV Multispectrum MA Wei, WU Zhiming, YU Kesong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (3): 161-172.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.03.018 Abstract （859）      PDF （3820KB）（77）       Knowledge map    Save In order to verify the possibility of estimating the chlorophyll content of buckwheat canopy by using low‑altitude unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV）with multi‑spectral camera，and to explore the effect of selenium（Se）on the chlorophyll and spectral characteristics of buckwheat canopy，Jinsage No.6 sweet buckwheat and Jinsage No.9 bitter buckwheat were selected as the research objects，and a experimental study was conducted in Taigu District，Jinzhong City，Shanxi Province.Buckwheat multispectral images were collected under different selenium levels at different stages by using UAV with multi‑spectral camera，and the relative chlorophyll content（SPAD value）was synchronously measured in the field.Firstly，the SPAD values of buckwheat canopy under different selenium application levels were analyzed.Secondly，the reflectance of buckwheat canopy under five bands was obtained by extracting the spectral information of multi‑spectral images.On this basis，the spectral characteristics of buckwheat at full bloom and filling stage were analysed，11 vegetation indices were constructed using the reflectance in five bands，and the absolute magnitude of the correlation coefficients between the 16 spectral variables and the measured SPAD values were obtained by Pearson correlation analysis.Partial least square regression（PLSR），principal component regression（PCR），support vector machine regression（SVR）and back propagation neural network（BPNN）were used to construct a buckwheat canopy SPAD monitoring model，and the optimal estimation model was determined by accuracy test.The results showed that moderate application of selenium fertilizer could increase SPAD value of buckwheat，while excessive application could inhibit SPAD value.The blue，red，red‑edge and NIR bands showed strong correlation among the five bands，and the NIR band showed high and stable correlation. In terms of vegetation index，the correlation coefficients（| r|）of standardized precipitation index（SPI），green chlorophyll index（GCI），green normalized difference vegetation index（GNDVI），normalized green light index（NGI），transformed optimized soil‑regulated vegetation index（TOSAVI），transformed chlorophyll absorption ratio index（TCARI），and triangular vegetation index（TVI）ranged from 0. 50 to 0. 91，which indicated a good correlation.At the full‑bloom stage，BPNN had the best prediction effect，the correlation coefficient of prediction set（ R 2 P）was 0.97，and the root mean square error（ RMSE）of prediction set was 0.95.In the filling stage，the prediction effect of SVR was better than other models， R 2 Pwas 0.96，and RMSE was 0.45.At the full‑bloom stage and filling stage，PLSR showed the best performance， R 2 P was 0.98， RMSE was 0.28.By comparing all the models，SVR showed higher stability and accuracy（ R 2 P and RMSE ranges were 0.94—0.96 and 0.45—0.82，respectively，and RPD values were greater than 3.00）.These results show that UAV with a multispectral camera can achieve rapid monitoring of buckwheat canopy chlorophyll content in the field，providing a reference for optimization of the model algorithm for low altitude prediction of chlorophyll content by UAV. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Citrus Diseases Based on Improved ShuffleNet V2 YU Yannan, MO Yongbin, YAN Jichi, XIONG Chunlin, DOU Shiqing, YANG Rongfeng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (1): 142-151.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.01.016 Abstract （850）      PDF （3756KB）（110）       Knowledge map    Save Large convolutional neural networks are difficult to deploy in practical applications because of the complexity of models，while lightweight networks are often less accurate than the former because of the optimization of model structure. To solve these problems，ShuffleNet V2 was improved and a lightweight MAM‑ShuffleNet citrus disease recognition model was proposed. Firstly，the mixed attention module（MAM）was introduced in ShuffleNet V2 to improve the ability of the model to extract disease features. Secondly，Ghost module was used to optimize the convolutional layer in the network，which effectively reduced the number of network model parameters and calculation cost. Finally，the stacking times of ShuffleNet V2 unit in the network structure were adjusted to further simplify the network parameters. The results showed that the average recognition accuracy of MAM‑ShuffleNet model reached 97.7% in the self‑built citrus leaf data. Compared with the original ShuffleNet V2，the number of parameters was reduced by 45.7%，and the recognition accuracy was increased by 1.2 percentage points.The comprehensive performance was better than ResNet50 and DenseNet121 models. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic and Quality Traits of 48 Germplasm Resources of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. WANG Xiaojie, LI Meixia, TAO Lei, ZHANG Bo, HE Xinru, MI Jia, DAI Guoli, XU Wendi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 78-90.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.008 Abstract （849）      PDF （3738KB）（151）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the genetic diversity of 18 phenotypic and quality traits（15 quantitative traits and 3 qualitative traits）of 48 germplasm resources of L.ruthenicum Murr.，descriptive statistics analysis，principal component analysis，correlation analysis and clustering analysis were performed.The results showed that the germplasm resources of L.ruthenicum Murr.were rich in genetic diversity.The genetic diversity index of quantitative traits was 1.431—2.095，and the variation coefficient was 19%—189%.The highest diversity index was longitudinal diameter of fruit，followed by transverse diameter of fruit，branch diameter，branch length，number of ripe fruits per branch and leaf width；The genetic diversityindex of quality traits was 0.745—1.007，the fruit shape had the highest diversity index，the diversity index of leaf shape was 0. 948，fruit color diversity index was 0.745.The results of the first six principal component analysis showed that longitudinal diameter of fruit，fruit color，leaf area，anthocyanin content，transverse diameter of fruit and branch diameter could be used as the main indexes to reflect the yield and quality of L.ruthenicum Murr.，with a cumulative contribution rate of 80.09%.The correlation analysis found that 15 pairs of traits reached the highly significant correlation level（ P<0.01），and 14 pairs were positively correlated and 1 pair was negatively correlated，transverse diameter of fruit，average single fresh fruit weight and number of blades showed very significant positive correlation between each other（ P<0.01），anthocyanin content，fruit color and number of ripe fruits per branch also showed very significant positive correlation between each other（ P<0. 01），fruit stalk length and fruit shape，fruit color，anthocyanins concentration and branch diameter showed significant negative correlation（ P<0. 01）.Based on genetic differences of traits between germplasms，48 germplasm resources were clustered into 6 categories，and the clustering results had a strong correlation with the distribution of sample communities.In conclusion，the genetic diversity of main phenotypic and quality traits in 48 germplasm resources of L. ruthenicum Murr.is rich. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Automatic Extraction Algorithm of Farmland Flood Disaster Information Based on Remote Sensing WANG Laigang, XU Shaobo, LI Shimin, GUO Yan, CHENG Yongzheng, HE Jia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (11): 163-170.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.11.019 Abstract （823）      PDF （11315KB）（49）       Knowledge map    Save In order to improve the efficiency of information extraction of farmland flood disaster，an effective method of automatic extraction of water body from remote sensing images was explored.The flood disaster in Xunxian County，Henan Province in late July 2021 was taken as the research object，and the NDWI（normalized difference water index），MNDWI（modified normalized difference water index），MBWI（multi‑band water index） and B12 band of Sentinel‑2 remote sensing data were taken as the multi‑dimensional characteristics before，during and after the disaster，and the multi‑dimensional unsupervised water body automatic extraction method was used to extract the water body area.At the same time，Canny‑Edge‑Otsu automatic water body extraction method was used to segment MBWI，MNDWI，NDWI and the HV polarization band of GF‑3 data respectively to extract farmland flood disaster information，and the accuracies of different data sources and methods to extract farmland flood disaster information were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the multi‑dimensional unsupervised water body automatic extraction method integrated various water body indexes and bands as multi‑dimensional features，and the extraction errors of pre‑disaster and disaster water bodies were 6.99% and 7.45% respectively，which were lower than those of Canny‑Edge‑Otsu automatic water body extraction method. By comparing NDWI，MBWI and MNDWI，MBWI had the smallest extraction error and NDWI had the largest extraction error，but buildings and cloud shadow areas were easily mistaken for water bodies.The error of flood extraction based on GF‑3 after the disaster was 15.57%，which was larger than Sentinel‑2 image.However，GF‑3 remote sensing image was not affected by cloud and rain weather，so it provided a strong data support in emergency monitoring of flood disaster. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Different Cultivars Groups of Herbaceous Peony Germplasm Resources WANG Huijuan, WANG Erqiang, FU Zhenzhu, LI Yanmin, WANG Xiaohui, WANG Zhanying, YUAN Xin, GAO Jie, WANG Limin, ZHANG Hechen Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (12): 110-121.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.12.013 Abstract （817）      PDF （2859KB）（158）       Knowledge map    Save 109 herbaceous peony germplasm resources from different cultivar groups were used to study the diversity of 38 phenotypic traits（4 quantitative traits，27 qualitative polymorphism traits and 7 qualitative binary traits）by the analysis of variance，coefficient of variation analysis，correlation analysis，principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that the phenotypic traits of 109 herbaceous peony germplasm resources had a high degree of variation and rich genetic diversity.Among them，the average variation coefficient of quantitative traits was 17.59%，with the largest variation coefficient for plant height（24.71%）.The average Shannon‑Wiener index of quantitative traits was 2.00，and plant height had the maximum value（2.10）.The average of Shannon‑wiener index in qualitative indexes（1.06）was less than that in quantitative traits，and the Shannon‑Wiener index of flower color was the highest（1.82），followed by that of flower type（1.67）.The results of correlation and principal component analysis showed that there were 67 pairs of extremely significant correlation and 53 pairs of significant correlation among the characters. The cumulative contribution rate of first 14 principal components was 69.905%.Plant height，plant type，stigma size，flowering time and stem state were the main traits affecting the phenotypic differences of herbaceous peony. Hierarchical clustering divided herbaceous peony germplasm resources into four groups.Phenotypic traits such as plant height，plant type，flower color，and leaf margin sawtooth were closely related to variety clustering. Groups 1—3 were mainly traditional peony varieties of China.The herbaceous peony germplasm resources introduced from abroad belonged to three cultivars groups and clustered into one group alone，which had quite different phenotypic traits（thick stems and half‑opened plant types） from the traditional varieties of China.This clustering result reflected the difference of provenance and long‑term breeding objectives to a certain extent. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Detection Method of Sesame Capsules Based on Improved YOLOX Model WANG Chuan, ZHAO Hengbin, LI Guoqiang, ZHANG Jiantao, GAO Tongmei, ZHAO Qiaoli, ZHENG Guoqing Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (11): 155-162.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.11.018 Abstract （809）      PDF （7366KB）（78）       Knowledge map    Save In order to achieve accurate detection of sesame capsules under dense conditions，this study proposes a sesame capsule detection and localization method based on the YOLOX model（CE‑YOLOX model）.In this model，CSPDarknet‑53 is used as the backbone feature extraction network，and a 104×104 large‑scale feature layer is added to the path aggregation network PANet to strengthen the acquisition of the target fine‑grained feature information.By introducing the convolutional block attention module，the important contour features and spatial location information of the object are obtained.The classical NMS is replaced by the Soft‑NMS algorithm，which is more conducive to overlapping target detection，to decrease the missed detection.The results showed that the F 1 average of CE‑YOLOX tested on all datasets at IoU threshold of 0.5 was 0.99，0.05 higher than that of YOLOX.The recall rate and average accuracy of CE‑YOLOX were 98.65% and 99.71%，6.27 and 3.28 percentage points higher than that of YOLOX.The counting accuracy of CE‑YOLOX was 96.84%，5.28 percentage points higher than YOLOX.Consequently，the improved model can recognize sesame capsules under dense conditions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Millet Disease Identification Based on Transfer Learning and Residual Network ZHANG Hongtao, LUO Yiming, TAN Lian, YANG Jiapeng, WANG Yu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (12): 162-171.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.12.018 Abstract （795）      PDF （2368KB）（87）       Knowledge map    Save A method of millet disease image recognition based on transfer learning and residual network（Residual CNN）was proposed for millet disease. First，the original sample set was established，whichwas composed of four kinds of disease images including millet white disease，blast，red leaf disease，rustdisease and normal millet leaf image.Then，the original image was segmented by using the maximum inter‐class variance method based on super green feature，the millet disease segmentation image dataset was established，and the dataset was extended. Finally，based on the expanded segmentation image data set of millet disease，the recognition model of millet disease was established by using the idea of transfer learning and residual network. The results showed that the recognition rate of this model reached 98.2%，which was 8.9 percentage points higher than that of the support vector machine（SVM）based millet disease recognition model，and the training time of this model was reduced by 17.69 min compared with that of the convolutional neural network（CNN） based millet disease recognition model.The results indicated that the recognition model of millet disease based on transfer learning and residual network could effectively identify the four kinds of millet leaf diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Cd Absorption Characteristics and Edible Safety Evaluation of Different Varieties of Potato Tubers CHAI Guanqun, ZHOU Lixing, WANG Li, LIU Guihua, QIN Song, CAO Yan, FAN Chengwu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (3): 73-81.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.03.008 Abstract （776）      PDF （1379KB）（108）       Knowledge map    Save Field experiments were conducted in Cd‑contaminated farmland in T and Y locations of northwest Guizhou. Twenty one common potato varieties in northwest Guizhou were used as research objects to analyze the effect of varieties and environment，and to explore the Cd absorption characteristics and edible safety of different varieties of potato tubers，in order to provide practical reference for the safe planting of potatoes in northwest Guizhou. The results showed that the yield of different potato varieties in Y location ranged from 3 564.3 kg/ha to 15 271.8 kg/ha，with an average of 9 200.1 kg/ha.The yield of different potato varieties in T location ranged from 1 825.9 kg/ha to 16 305.6 kg/ha，with an average of 6 754.0 kg/ha. Zhuanxinwu in T and Y locations had the highest potato tuber yield.Variety，environment and their interaction had significant effects on potato tuber yield.The Cd content in tubers of different potato varieties in Y location ranged from 0.061 to 0.153 mg/kg，with an average of 0.094 mg/kg.The Cd content in tubers of different potato varieties in T location ranged from 0.055 to 0.111 mg/kg，with an average of 0.080 mg/kg.Variety，environment and their interaction had significant effects on Cd content in potato tubers.The standard exceeding rates of Cd in 21 potato varieties tested in Y and T locations were 38.09% and 14.29%，respectively.The Cd content in tubers of Qingshu 9 was the lowest in both Y and T.The edible safety evaluation showed that eating Cd‑excessive potato varieties had less risk to human health，but considering the Cd content in tubers，it is suggested that the varieties of potato with excessive Cd content should be used as industrial raw materials more safely. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Altitude on the Fungal and Bacterial Diversity in Rhizosphere Soil of Rosa roxburghii Tratt LI Yinfeng, LIU Xiaozhu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (10): 82-91.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.10.009 Abstract （729）      PDF （7299KB）（99）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of altitude on the diversity of fungi and bacteria in rhizosphere soil of Rosa roxburghii Tratt were studied，which would provide reference for isolating plant growth‑promoting rhizobacteria.The composition and potential functions of fungi and bacteria in rhizosphere soil from different altitudes［1 550 m（B1），1 650 m（B2），1 750 m（B3），1 850 m（B4）and 2 050 m（B5）］were analyzed by high‑throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that the number of fungi and bacteria species in rhizosphere soil of R. roxburghii from different altitudes was different.The number of fungi and bacteria species in B2 was the highest，while that in B3 was the least. Altitude influenced the distribution of fungi and bacteria.Unclassified_g__ Fusarium showed a trend of first decreasing，then increasing，and then decreasing with increasing altitude，while uncultured_Sphingomonadaceae_bacterium_g__ Sphingomonas showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.In addition，the fungi and bacteria resources in the rhizosphere of R.roxburghii had multiple functions，and the distribution of fungal functions in the rhizosphere varied with altitude.Therefore，altitude affects the composition and diversity of fungi and bacteria in rhizosphere soil of R.roxburghii. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Lasioderma serricorne in Tobacco Leaf Raw Materials Based on Improved YOLOv3 Algorithm ZHANG Weizheng, CHEN Saiyueyang, WANG Yanling, TIE Jinxin, DING Jia, LI Meng, LI Canlin, SU Xiaoke, GAN Yong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (11): 157-166.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.11.017 Abstract （719）      PDF （10647KB）（107）       Knowledge map    Save In order to solve the problem of low efficiency and inaccuracy in manual recognition of tobacco beetles（ Lasioderma serricorne）in tobacco leaf raw materials，and achieve accurate and intelligent recognition of tobacco beetles，a tobacco beetle recognition model was proposed based on the improved YOLOv3 algorithm.Firstly，Random Mix data augmentation technology was used to expand the tobacco beetle dataset；By introducing the K⁃means++ algorithm to recluster anchor boxes，YOLOv3’s recognition ability for tobacco beetles was improved；SIoU Loss was used to improve the Loss function of YOLOv3 bounding box to improve the accuracy of model positioning and accelerate model convergence；Finally，a feature refinement module was added to filter conflict information and optimize the accuracy of the model in identifying small targets in the tobacco beetle dataset.The results showed that，the improved YOLOv3 network model achieved average detection accuracy，recall，F1 score，and mAP of 93.26%，88.25%，0.90，and 94.59% for tobacco beetles in the test set，respectively，increased by 12.21 percentage points，11.79 percentage points，0.12，and 12.40 percentage points compared to the existing YOLOv3 algorithm，providing support for the effective recognition of tobacco beetles. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression Patterns of Genes of Four Transcription Factor Families in Different Ploidy Rice under Salt⁃Alkali Stress HUANG Hai, QU Xiaojie, LIU Jinhai, PENG Zanwen Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (6): 22-33.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.06.003 Abstract （687）      PDF （1817KB）（83）       Knowledge map    Save With diploid rice（ Oryza sativa L.） Guiyu 12 and its autotetraploid rice as experimental materials，the changes of expression patterns of bZIP（basic leucine zippers），MYB（V⁃myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog），AP2/ERF（APETALA2/ethylene response factor）and WRKY transcription factor family genes in diploid and tetraploid rice under saline⁃alkaline stress were studied，so as to lay the foundation for analyzing the saline⁃alkaline tolerance mechanism of different ploidy rice.The results showed that the same transcription factor gene in different ploidy rice had different responses to saline⁃alkali stress. Under salt stress，the induction（inhibition） degree of OsbZIP05，OsbZIP45， OsJAMYB and OsDREB1A（dehydration responsive element binding protein 1A）genes in tetraploid rice was higher than that in diploid rice.The expression trends of OsbZIP49，OsbZIP61，CSA（carbon starved anther），OsWRKY5，OsDREB41 and OsAP211 genes in tetraploid rice were completely opposite to that in diploid rice. Under alkaline stress，the induction（inhibition）degree of OsbZIP61，CSA，OsJAMYB and OsWRKY70 genes in tetraploid rice was higher than that in diploid rice.The expression trends of OsbZIP49，OsWRKY1，OsWRKY8，OsWRKY24， OsWRKY45，OsWRKY72，OsWRKY76，OsDREB1A and OsEREBP2（ethylene⁃responsive element binding protein 2） genes in tetraploid rice were completely opposite to that in diploid rice.In summary，the expression patterns of the same transcription factor gene in different ploidy rice under saline⁃alkali stress were significantly different，and the expression patterns of transcription factor gene in tetraploid rice induced by alkali stress were more complex. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Straw Mulching on Soil Microbial Biomass，Enzyme Activity，and Soybean Yield in Black Soil Areas KONG Fandan, ZHOU Lijun, ZHENG Meiyu, ZHANG Zuohe, YANG Zeyi, WU Juan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (1): 87-95.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.01.010 Abstract （680）      PDF （3173KB）（78）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the effects of straw coverage on soil microbial biomass，enzyme activity，and soybean yield in black soil areas，Kenfeng 16 was used as the experimental material. Four treatments were set up，including no straw coverage（CK），0.5 kg/m 2 straw return coverage（T1），1.0 kg/m 2 straw return coverage（T2），and 1.5 kg/m 2 straw return coverage（T3），to determine the number of bacteria，fungi，actinomycetes，and the activity of urease and catalase in the soil of the cultivation layer during the soybean growth period，and soybean yield，and compare and analyze the effects of different straw coverage amount on soil microbial biomass，enzyme activity，and soybean yield.The results showed that the number of soil bacteria showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing throughout the entire growth period of soybean，with T2 treatment having the highest total number of bacteria，which increased by 33.08%，9.30%，and 65.38% compared to T1，T3，and CK treatments，respectively.The number of fungi showed a trend of first increasing，then decreasing，and then increasing and then decreasing，with T2 treatment having the highest total number of fungi. The overall number of actinomycetes showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing，and increased with the increase of straw coverage.The urease activity of each treatment showed T1>T2>T3>CK，and the straw covering treatment increased by 32.64%，29.42%，and 18.23% compared to CK treatment，respectively.The activity of catalase showed T2>T3>T1>CK，and the enzyme activity reached the highest in different treatments during the flowering period. The soybean yield under straw cover treatment was significantly higher than that under CK. The impact of straw cover on soybean yield did not continue to increase with the increase of straw cover，with T2 treatment having the highest yield.There was a significant positive correlation between soybean yield and urease activity，bacterial count，and fungal count；There was a significant positive correlation between catalase activity and urease activity，as well as the number of fungi. In summary，under the conditions of this study，1.0 kg/m 2 straw coverage is the optimal straw coverage amount. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and Functional Analysis of Maize Stress Response Gene ZmTPR1 CAO Liru, LIANG Xiaohan, MA Chenchen, YE Feiyu, PANG Yunyun, LI Weiya, ZHANG Xin, LU Xiaomin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (1): 12-21.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.01.002 Abstract （646）      PDF （2292KB）（156）       Knowledge map    Save On the basis of previous transcriptome sequencing of maize under drought‑rehydration treatment， ZmTPR1 （tetratricopeptide repeat 1）was identified in response to drought stress.Bioinformatics analysis was conducted，and expression pattern was analyzed in different tissues and under different stresses. The homologous gene AtTPR1 in Arabidopsis thaliana was knocked out by CRISPR‑Cas9 technology，the phenotype，physiological and biochemical indexes of homozygous mutant plants were analyzed under drought stress，and the function of this gene was preliminarily explored，which would provide genetic resources for breeding drought‑resistant maize varieties.The results showed that ZmTPR1 gene was located on chromosome 3 of maize，encoding 421 amino acids，containing a conserved coiled coil domain，and might be involved in the response of maize to plant hormones，drought and so on. ZmTPR1 gene expressed in all tissues of maize，with the highest expression level in young stems.Drought，high temperature，salt and nitrogen deficiency stresses could induce the expression of ZmTPR1 gene，and the expression level of ZmTPR1 gene was most up‑regulated after drought stress.The expression level of ZmTPR1 gene in drought‑resistant maize inbred line Zheng 36 was significantly higher than that in drought‑sensitive maize inbred line B73 after drought stress. Drought resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana decreased after AtTPR1 gene was knocked out，the growth of Attpr1 mutant was severely inhibited under drought stress，and the leaves were wilted or even dried out. At the same time，the relative water content，chlorophyll content，net photosynthetic rate，activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase significantly decreased，and the content of malondialdehyde significantly increased.In summary， ZmTPR1 gene is involved in the response of maize to various abiotic stresses，and plays an important role in drought stress. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Maize Pest Detection Based on Instance Segmentation ZHAO Kangdi, SHAN Yugang, YUAN Jie, ZHAO Yuanlong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (12): 153-161.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.12.018 Abstract （629）      PDF （5388KB）（149）       Knowledge map    Save In order to achieve accurate and rapid identification of maize pests，this paper proposes a pest detection method using convolutional neural network combined with transfer learning based on instance segmentation.Taking eggs，larvae and adults of Spodoptera frugiperda as detection objects，the image data was expanded by data enhancement，and the pre‑training weights of Yolact++ model on COCO data set were migrated to the detection of Spodoptera frugiperda.Using the idea of focal loss to solve the imbalance of difficult and easy samples，the loss function in the model was optimized. The Detnet model was used to improve the Resnet trunk model in the Yolact++ model to improve the effect of small target detection.In the training process，the convolution layer was first frozen and then thawed，and the local and global training methods were combined to obtain the optimal weight model，and the model was tested. The test results showed that compared with the detection algorithms of YoloV3+migration learning，SSD+migration learning，Yolact+migration learning and Yolact++，this method had better accuracy and missed detection rate for complex background image detection. The accuracy of the test reached 96.32%，the missed detection rate was 5.51%，and the false detection rate was 5.33%. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Sensitivity Analysis and Applicability Evaluation of the AquaCrop Model for Sesame Crop Parameters LI Mengyao, GUAN Haoyue, ZHANG Jiantao, HUANG Ming, LI Feng, RONG Yasi, LI Youjun, LI Guoqiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (7): 149-159.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.07.017 Abstract （608）      PDF （3280KB）（75）       Knowledge map    Save The objective is to enhance the calibration efficiency of the AquaCrop model for sesame crop parameters and verify the applicability of the model. The initial value and value range of sesame crop parameters were determined based on the experimental data（2022—2023）and related literatures.The EFAST method was used to perform global sensitivity analysis of 53 sesame crop parameters，uncertainty analysis of simulation results and parameters calibration validation. The results showed that 27 parameters were sensitive to the maximum biomass of each treatment，including CDM，CDSE，POFE，RSWT，PSENSP，PSTOSP，RSWB and ECSW with TSi above 0.3.And 14 parameters were sensitive to grain yield of each treatment，including POHX，RSWT，CDSE，DMCON，PSTO and PSTOSP with TSi higher than 0.2.The decision coefficient（ R 2） of simulated and measured canopy coverage and aboveground biomass ranged from 0.875 to 0.954 and 0.951 to 0.970，respectively.Futhermore，the normalized root mean square error（ NRMSE） ranged from 11. 5% to 18.1% and 18. 9% to 27.7%，respectively.Meanwhile，the Nash‑Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients（ NSE） were 0.873—0.940 and 0.930—0.959，respectively.The relative error between the simulated and measured values of yield was between 0.03 and 0.07.The localized AquaCrop model can better simulate the dynamic development process of sesame，which can be used to optimize sesame management and forecast future production. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of Kidney Bean Varieties for Safe Production in Cadmium Polluted Farmland of Northwest Guizhou CHAI Guanqun, ZHOU Lixing, QIN Song, FAN Chengwu, LIU Guihua, WANG Li, JIANG Ya Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (6): 51-60.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.06.006 Abstract （602）      PDF （1385KB）（73）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the differences in the absorption and enrichment of cadmium（Cd） by different kidney bean varieties and the effects of varieties and environment on them，and to screen out the Cd low⁃enriched kidney bean varieties suitable for planting in northwestern Guizhou，13 local kidney bean varieties were used as materials，and in the Cd⁃contaminated farmland of L site and Y site in northwestern Guizhou，a field plot experiment was conducted.The results showed that the variety，the environment and interaction between variety and environment had extremely significant effects on yield and Cd content of kidney bean，respectively. There was significant difference in Cd content of different kidney bean varieties in the same place. The maximum value of Cd（in Hongpiqiuzijiadou） and the minimum value of Cd（in Bangda No.2） could be 10 times different in the same place.The bioconcentration factor（BCF Cd）of Cd in soils for different kidney bean varieties in L site and Y site were 0.06%—0.0% and 0.13%—0.93%，respectively.The Cd content of 13 tested kidney bean varieties showed the safe level.The yield of Bangda No.2 was the highest among the 13 varieties，reaching 18 513.6 and 19 287.9 kg/ha in L and Y sites，respectively.In summary，13 kidney bean varieties can be used as recommended varieties for Cd⁃contaminated areas in northwestern Guizhou，and Bangda No.2 was preferred because of its high yield and low Cd content. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and Health Risk Assessment of Low Accumulation Rice Varieties in Nickel Polluted Paddy Fields ZHANG Xiujin, ZHANG Ronghui, CAI Jinghang, WANG Guokun, CHAI Guanqun, HUANG Chengling, FAN Chengwu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (6): 61-69.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.06.007 Abstract （578）      PDF （1270KB）（34）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen rice varieties with low nickel（Ni）accumulation suitable for safe production in rice fields in the central Guizhou，field experiments were conducted to determine the Ni content in different parts of ten main rice varieties grown in the central Guizhou region.The accumulation and transport characteristics of Ni in brown rice were studied，and cluster analysis and health risk assessment were conducted.The results showed that the brown rice of Yixiangyou 800 had the lowest Ni content of 0.372 mg/kg，while Leyou 891 had the highest Ni content of 2.136 mg/kg among the ten rice varieties.Yixiangyou 800 had lower Ni bioconcentration and translocation abilities from rice husks to brown rice than the other nine rice varieties. Based on the clustering analysis of brown rice Ni content in different rice varieties，Yixiangyou 800 was classified as the low⁃value class（class Ⅰ）variety.The THQ（target hazard quotient）values of the ten rice varieties for different population groups were all less than 1，indicating no health risk.Health risk assessment showed that Yixiangyou 800 had the lowest THQ value，and combined with the Ni content in brown rice，it was recommended as a rice variety with low Ni accumulation for the central Guizhou. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Clostridium butyricum on Growth，Intestinal Morphology and Barrier Function of Broilers LI Wenjia, XU Bin, WEI Fengxian, DENG Wen, MA Huihui, WANG Linyi, BAI Jie, SUN Quanyou, XI Yanyan, LI Shaoyu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (1): 144-153.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.01.015 Abstract （546）      PDF （1910KB）（154）       Knowledge map    Save The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum in diet on growth performance，intestinal morphology and intestinal barrier function of broilers. A total of 324 healthy one‑day‑old Arbor Acres male broilers with the same specifications were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 18 broilers per replicate. Control group（CON）was fed with a basal diet，antibiotic group（ANT）and Clostridium butyricum group（CB）were fed with the basal diet containing 10 mg/kg virginiamycin and 1×10 9 cfu/kg Clostridium butyricum，respectively.The experiment period was 42 days. At the age of 21 and 42 days，the growth performance，intestinal tissue morphology，intestinal mucosal pyroptosis and intestinal barrier related gene mRNA expression abundance of each group were statistically analyzed. The results showed that compared with the CON group，the average daily gain（ADG）and final body weight（FBW）in ANT group and CB group were significantly increased by 6.31% and 8.43%，and 6.26% and 8.31%，respectively.At 42 days，the levels of Caspase‑1，IL‑18 and IL‑1β in CB group were significantly decreased by 24.91%，42.96% and 19.91% compared with the CON group，respectively. The jejunum villus height and villus height/crypt depth（V/C）ratio were significantly increased by 13. 40% and 54.20%，respectively；and the ileum crypt depth was significantly decreased by 32.62%，and the V/C ratio of ileum was significantly increased by 60.76%.At 42 days，the mRNA relative expression levels of IL‑1β， T NF‑α， Caspase‑1 and IL‑18 in jejunum mucosa in CB and ANT groups were significantly lower than those in CON group and the expression levels of ZO‑1 and Claudin‑1 in CB group were significantly up‑regulated，respectively. In conclusion，dietary supplementation of 1×10 9 cfu/kg C.butyricum can improve the growth performance and feed utilization of broilers，improve the intestinal morphology，enhance the intestinal immune and barrier functions，and alleviate the intestinal cell pyroptosis of broilers to a certain extent. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Evaluation of 176 Waxy Sorghum Germplasm Resources Based on Principal Component，Grey Correlation and DTOPSIS Analyses WU Guojiang, ZHOU Wei, YU Zhonghao, LI Yan, LÜ Jingbo, WANG Zhenguo, ZHOU Yaxing Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 40-51.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.006 Abstract （477）      PDF （1325KB）（140）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen out the high‐quality waxy sorghum germplasm resources suitable for popularization and utilization in the Xiliaohe Plain，16 main agronomic traits of 176 waxy sorghum germplasm resources were analyzed，and the comprehensive evaluation and ranking were carried out by combining principal component analysis method，grey correlation degree method and DTOPSIS method.The results showed that the coefficient of variation of the main agronomic traits of 176 waxy sorghum germplasm resources ranged from 6.69% to 47.84%，and there were generally significant or extremely significant correlation between the traits. Through principal component analysis，16 main agronomic traits of 176 waxy sorghum germplasm resources were integrated into 9 independent comprehensive indexes（principal components），and the cumulative contribution rate of these 9 principal components was87.169%.The top 30 germplasm resources were screened based on comprehensive evaluation scores by principal component analysis，weighted correlation degree by grey correlation degree method and relative closeness degree by DTOPSIS method respectively. By the combination of the above three methods for comprehensive evaluation，10 germplasm resources with excellent comprehensive traits were selected from 176 germplasm resources，namely QNR，9705，2011‐30，Xinliang 52，102A，HubocuoP4，Jan‐88，9701，0657 and 4126 ，respectively，which laid a foundation for the breeding of waxy sorghum varieties in the Xiliaohe Plain. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Quality and Its Stability of Wheat Variety Zhengmai 119 with High Quality QIN Maomao, LIU Yanxi, WANG Wenfei, CHANG Yang, ZHOU Zhengfu, LEI Zhensheng, WU Zhengqing Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (2): 21-30.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.02.003 Abstract （458）      PDF （1832KB）（105）       Knowledge map    Save The quality and its stability of Zhengmai 119 under 36 environments were analyzed in 12 Cities（Counties）over 3 years（2019—2021），so as to provide foundation for the rational region layout and promotion of Zhengmai 119. The results showed Zhengmai 119 could reach the national high‑quality strong gluten wheat standard.The averages of water absorption，stability time，wet gluten content，stretch area and maximum tensile resistance were 65.5%，12.1 min，36.7%，117.1 cm 2 and 524.6 BU，respectively. The indicators including grain volume weight，hardness，water absorption，stability time，stretch area and maximum tensile resistance had no significant difference from 2019 to 2021；grain volume weight and peak viscosity were greatly affected by region，and grain moisture content，grain hardness，flour whiteness，formation time，stability time，extension，minimum viscosity，final viscosity and setback were not significantly different between regions. These indicated that the quality of this variety was stable.In addition，the mean values of peak viscosity and final viscosity were 3 001.8 cP and 3 118.3 cP，respectively，indicating that the starch had good gelatinizing properties.In the product test，the bread made by Zhengmai 119 had good baking quality，the internal structure of bread was smooth，the bread core was fine and dense，and the comprehensive score was similar to Zhengmai 366，higher than commercial bread powder.The noodles made by Zhengmai 119 was smooth，had strong browning resistance and good cooking quality，and the comprehensive score was similar to Zhengmai 366 and commercial Hetao snowflake powder.This study indicates that Zhengmai 119 is both bread and noodle varieties. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of Alginate Oligosaccharides Fermented with Gut Microbiota Inoculum against Salmonella enterica by Transcriptomic Analysis CHENG Jiaying, XIAO Mengshi, REN Xinmiao, YU Ying, FU Xiaodan, MOU Haijin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (6): 139-149.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.06.015 Abstract （419）      PDF （6493KB）（130）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the effect of alginate oligosaccharides（AOS）on S.enterica in the intestinal environment，AOS was prepared by enzymatic degradation，furthermore the simulated digestion characteristics of AOS were evaluated in vitro.The total number of bacteria and S.enterica in the process of AOS fermentation by chicken gut microbiota were quantified by in vitro simulated fermentation model，and the response of S.enterica to AOS in the intestinal environment was analyzed by transcriptomics.The results showed that the content of reducing sugar and molecular weight of AOS did not change significantly，indicating that AOS were not digested.When AOS was fermented by gut microbiota，the relative abundance of S.enterica in the flora decreased from 4.6% to 1.1%.Transcriptomics and reverse transcription⁃quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression of key genes of S.enterica flagella assembly，two⁃component system，infection and virulence was down⁃regulated.Therefore，the gut microbiota metabolites of AOS could inhibit the growth and virulence of S.enterica. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Conservation Tillage in China QIN Meng, DONG Quanzhong, XUE Hong, ZHANG Mingming, LI Weiwei, SONG Huan, ZHAI Lingxia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (7): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.07.001 Abstract （399）      PDF （1252KB）（327）       Knowledge map    Save Conservation tillage is an environmentally friendly farming model that reduces soil erosion，protects the ecological environment of farmland，and achieves coordinated development of ecological，economic and social benefits by means of less tillage，no⁃tillage and surface mulching of straw.In order to reduce soil erosion，desertification and salinization，soil management methods need to be changed from traditional tillage to protect the soil environment，stabilize food and increase income.This paper introduces the importance of conservation tillage for the sustainable development of agriculture，systematically describes the current development status of conservation tillage，analyzes the key points and difficulties of future development of conservation tillage，and provides an outlook on the future development direction of conservation tillage to provide reference for improving the development system of conservation tillage. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Chinese Milk Vetch Combined with Chemical Fertilizer on Rice Growth and Phosphorus Utilization ZHANG Jishi, LIU Chunzeng, LÜ Yuhu, WANG Shougang, CAO Weidong, ZHANG Yuting Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (11): 82-90.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.11.010 Abstract （382）      PDF （8309KB）（74）       Knowledge map    Save Chinese milk vetch（MV）returned to the field to replace some chemical fertilizers is a main technical measure for saving fertilizer and increasing efficiency in paddy fields in southern Henan rice‑growing area.A field experiment was conducted in southern Henan rice‑growing area，to explore the effect of different fertilizer reduction ratio on soil phosphorus supply and rice phosphorus uptake under the condition of equal amount of MV returned to the field. The location experiment of MV combined with chemical fertilizer（started in 2008）included six treatments：No fertilization（CK），single application of chemical fertilizer（F100），equal amount of MV returned to the field（22.50 t/ha）combined with different amount of chemical fertilizer（100% chemical fertilizer，MVF100；80% chemical fertilizer，MVF80；60% chemical fertilizer，MVF60；40% chemical fertilizer，MVF40）.The effects of MV returned to the field combined with chemical fertilizer on soil available phosphorus content，shoot phosphorus content and accumulation，leaf area index and dry matter accumulation at maturity were preliminarily studied in the year of 2021.The results showed that MVF100 and MVF80 treatments significantly increased the total dry matter accumulation by 8.52% and 7.14% respectively，compared with the F100 treatment at maturity.The dry matter accumulation of straw under MVF100 at maturity was 12.84% higher than that in the F100 treatment.Compared with F100，MVF80 treatment increased the dry matter accumulation of panicle by 11.05% at the mature stage，but no significant difference was observed.The leaf area index at the booting stage under MV returned to the field combined with chemical fertilizer was lower than that in the F100 treatment，while the leaf area index at maturity in MVF100 and MVF60 treatments was higher than that in the F100 treatment.The soil available phosphorus，shoot phosphorus content and accumulation of all fertilization treatments were significantly higher than CK，but there was no significant difference among all fertilization treatments on the whole. The highest soil available phosphorus content，shoot phosphorus content and accumulation were showed in the MVF100 treatment at the booting stage and in MVF60 treatment at maturity.By comprehensive consideration，it is appropriate that MV is returned to the field（22.50 t/ha）to replace 20%—40% chemical fertilizer，and the effect is not significantly different between MV returned to the field combined with chemical fertilizer treatments and the F100 treatment in southern Henan rice‑growing area. Based on the significantly correlated quadratic curve relationship，appropriate amount of soil available phosphorus content and leaf area index could improve the dry matter accumulation of panicles at maturity.To achieve the maximum dry matter accumulation of panicles，the optimal soil available phosphorus content at maturity was 7.56 mg/kg，and the leaf area index was 7.02.The MVF60 treatment was close to the optimal value in this study. In conclusion，it is suggested that MV returned to the field（22.50 t/ha）combined with 60% chemical fertilizer is more suitable in this area. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome Size，Ploidy and Phylogeny of Cyperus esculentus L. WANG Huiwei, ZHU Shixin, ZHANG Xinyou, WANG Yan, YANG Tiegang, ZHANG Xiangge, WANG Shufeng, LI Chunxin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (1): 34-41.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.01.004 Abstract （354）      PDF （2024KB）（256）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the genome characteristics of the main varieties and characteristic germplasm of Cyperus esculentus L. in the Huang Huai region and the phylogenetic relationship between them and their related species，the genome size and ploidy of six C. esculentus L. materials were evaluated by flow cytometry and genome survey analysis，and the phylogenetic relationship between them and their related groups was analyzed based on the sequences of the external transcribed spacer（ETS） and internal transcribed spacer（ITS） of ribosomal DNA. The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the genomes of six C.esculentus L. materials were 0.808 6—0.858 5 Gb，with an average of 0.826 4 Gb；the results of genome survey analysis showed that the genome size，proportion of repetitive sequences，GC content and heterozygous ratio of the three tuber types of C.esculentus L. were 0.697 9 Gb，81.02%，34.7% and 0.28% for Yuyousha 2，0.778 7 Gb，84.45%，36.4% and 0.08% for Yuyousha 3.and 0.790 6 Gb，83.75%，34.9% and 0.19% for YYS‑4，respectively；genome survey analysis and pollen staining results showed that the three tuber types of C.esculentus L. were triploid. Phylogenetic analysis showed that six C. esculentus L. were clustered into C.esculentus L.branch，this branch was closely related to the branch composed of C.rotundus L. and C.glomeratus L.，they formed sister group，and formed C4 plant branch with C.iria L. ， C.glomeratus L. and C.cuspidatus H.B.K. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Curing Characteristics and Quality of New Flue‑cured Tobacco Variety Xujin 101 LIU Fang, SONG Xiaolong, ZONG Shengjie, MENG Zhiyong, ZHU Yinfeng, SUN Huan, MA Haobo, ZHANG Guoping Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (12): 172-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.12.020 Abstract （342）      PDF （2259KB）（161）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the curing characteristics and the quality of tobacco leaves of a new self‑bred flue‑cured tobacco variety Xujin 101，with the main variety Zhongyan 100 as a control，the yellowing，water loss，chlorophyll degradation and polyphenol oxidase activity of Xujin 101 tobacco leaves during the dark‑box and curing process were studied，and the differences in appearance quality，sensory evaluation quality，neutral aroma‑causing substances and main chemical components of cured tobacco leaves were analyzed.The results showed that under dark‑box conditions，Xujin 101 took 72 h and 48 h to turn completely yellow in the middle and upper leaves，respectively，and the time for 30% browning was 120 h and 72 h，respectively. The yellowing index and browning index were both higher than those of Zhongyan 100.On the whole it was easy to turn yellow and brown. The water loss balance was 1.16 and 0.47，respectively，and the water loss balance was good. The degradation rate of chlorophyll reached 1.32%/h and 1.37%/h respectively at 72 h，the degradation amount reached 94.88% and 98.71%，and the degradation characteristics were good.The average PPO activities after baking 24—96 h were 0.409 U and 0.420 U，respectively，the middle leaves had poor baking resistance，and the upper leaves had moderate baking resistance. Although the baking characteristics of Xujin 101 were slightly better than Zhongyan 100，but the initial curing plan had a greater impact on the quality of Xujin 101 tobacco leaves after curing，and the overall quality was slightly worse than that of Zhongyan 100.According to comprehensive analysis，Xujin 101 is easy to bake，but has average baking resistance.In order to highlight the characteristics of Xujin 101，it is necessary to set up a baking process according to its baking characteristic. In the early stage of yellowing，the temperature difference between dry and wet bulbs should be appropriately reduced to reduce the moisture loss of tobacco leaves.In the later stage，the temperature difference between dry and wet bulbs should be appropriately increased to improve the dehumidification strength，promote drying and prevent browning，and ensure safe color setting of tobacco leaves to improve its use value and economic value. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Effects of Ecological Factors on Tobacco Aroma Characteristics LIU Jingjing, CUI Guangzhou, DUAN Wangjun, WANG Weimin, ZHANG Li, JIA Wei, XU Zicheng, XU Jiayang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (2): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.02.001 Abstract （332）      PDF （1699KB）（490）       Knowledge map    Save Aroma substance is an important quality factor to measure the quality of tobacco leaves.The formation of aroma style of high quality tobacco leaves is easily restricted by ecological factors.In this paper，four important aroma precursors in tobacco were introduced，and the difference of aroma substance content in different aroma types of tobacco was analyzed. The effects of different ecological factors on tobacco aroma substances were reviewed from two aspects：abiotic factors（light，temperature，rainfall，soil，altitude）and biological factors（soil microorganisms）.The relationship between aroma substances and tobacco aroma characteristics was further discussed，and the effects of aroma precursors and ecological factors on tobacco aroma were summarized. Finally，the future research direction was prospected，in order to provide new ideas for the study on rational planting and quality improvement of tobacco. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on Application of Nano‑gene Vector in Plant Genetic Transformation AN Yiwei, LIANG Huihui, ZHONG Chongjia, SUN Dihu, SHENG Jiacheng, ZHANG Zhen, LI Hao, GUO Guanghui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (12): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.12.001 Abstract （323）      PDF （1364KB）（275）       Knowledge map    Save Nano‑gene vector constructed with nanomaterial has special superiority in plant genetic transformation，and has been successfully applied in genetic transformation of a variety of plants.The properties and types of nano‑gene vectors were clarified，the progress on application of inorganic nano‑gene vector，natural polymeric nano‑gene vector and synthetic polymeric nano‑gene vector in plan genetic transformation was reviewed，and the application prospects of nano‑gene vector in plant genetic transformation were forecasted. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics