Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

Contents

2024, 53(2): 0.

Abstract ( )

PDF (39950KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Screening of miRNAs Related to High Temperature Stress in Maize Pollen and Analysis of Their Target Genes

LI Chuan, ZHANG Panpan, ZHANG Meiwei, NIU Jun, MU Weilin, GUO Hanxiao, QIAO Jiangfang

2024, 53(2): 1-16. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.001

Abstract ( )

PDF (4835KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

By using high⁃throughput miRNA sequencing technology，differentially expressed miRNAs were indentified in pollens of high heat tolerant maize variety Zhengdan 958 and low heat tolerant maize variety Xianyu 335 under high temperature stress at flowering stage，their target genes were predicted，and the enrichment analysis of genetic characteristics and metabolic pathways of these target genes were conducted. The results showed that a total of 818 miRNA precursor sequences were identified. Nineteen significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were screened in the group of Zhengdan 958 pollen under high temperature stress compared with the control pollen under normal condition(HT958 vs CK958). Among them，15 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated，4 miRNA sequences were down⁃regulated，and expression level difference of 3 miRNA sequences reached extremely significant level(P<0.01).The predicted results of target genes of 19 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 503 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，microtubule⁃based process，hosphorylation，positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase Ⅱ ，methylation and so on，and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were glutathione metabolism，carbon metabolism，arachidonic acid metabolism lycolysis/gluconeogenesis，folate biosynthesis and so on. Fiveteen significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the group of Xianyu 335 pollen under high temperature stress compared with the control pollen(HT335 vs CK335). Among them，7 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated,8 were down⁃regulated，and the expression level difference of 1 miRNA sequence reached highly significant level(P<0.01).The predicted results of target genes of 15 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 454 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，phosphorylation，protein phosphorylation,proteolysis，DNA repair and so on，and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were other glycan degradation,linoleic acid metabolism,metabolic pathways，thiamine metabolism，protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and so on.Eighty⁃five significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the group of Zhengdan 958 pollen under high temperature stress compared with Xianyu 335 pollen under high temperature stress(HT985 vs HT335). Among them，35 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated，50 were down⁃regulated，and expression level difference of 24 miRNA sequences reached extremely significant level(P<0.01). The predicted results of target genes of 85 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 2 286 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，phosphorylation,protein phosphorylation,proteolysis,transmembrane transport and so on，the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were sphingolipidmetabolism，starch and sucrose metabolism，other glycan degradation，metabolic pathways，cysteine and methionine metabolism and so on. Ninety⁃four significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the HT958 vs CK958 group compared with HT335 vs CK335 group. The predicted results of target genes of 94 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 4 569 gene transcripts were obtained.Among them，the expression level difference of 28 miRNA sequences showed extremely significant(P<0.01),including PC⁃3p⁃10069_1143C⁃3p⁃18335_646，zma⁃miR164f⁃5p and so on. The enriched GO biological process terms of target genes of 94 differentially expressed miRNA sequences included regulation of transcription,DNA⁃templated,phosphorylation,protein phosphorylation,protein transport,proteolysis and so on,and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum，ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes，spliceosome，sphingolipid metabolism，endocytosis and so on.

Effects of Temperature and Light Conditions on Yield and Quality of Indica Rice under Different Sowing Dates

FAN Yifan, ZHANG Yanyan, WANG Yimei, LI Junzhou, DU Yanxiu, SUN Hongzheng, PENG Ting, ZHAO Quanzhi, ZHANG Jing

2024, 53(2): 17-27. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.002

Abstract ( )

PDF (1668KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to clarify the temperature and light conditions for high yield and high quality of indica rice in southern Henan，a field experiment was conducted with three indica rice varieties（Zhaoyou 5431，Zhongzheyou 8 and Yliangyou 900） as experimental materials. The accumulated temperature，accumulated light time and accumulated light intensity of indica rice from heading to maturity under different sowing dates of April 15（T1），April 30（T2），May 15（T3），May 30（T4）and June 14（T5）were analyzed for two consecutive years，and the rice yield，milling quality，appearance quality，nutritional quality and cooking quality were analyzed.The redundancy analysis（RDA）of the effect of temperature and light factors on the quality of indica rice under different sowing dates was carried out，and the key environmental factors affecting the quality of rice in southern Henan were found through the interpretation rate of temperature and light factors. The results showed that with the delay of sowing date，the yield，milling quality and nutritional quality of the three indica rice varieties increased first and then decreased.In the two years，the yield of T2 treatment was the highest，the milling quality，appearance quality and cooking quality were better，and the yield and quality of T5 treatment were the worst. Among them，in 2019，the yield of T2 treatment increased by 129.4% compared with T5 treatment，the head milled rice rate increased by 32.1%，the chalkiness degree and chalky grain rate decreased by 69.8% and 69.9%，respectively，and the amylose content decreased by 13.7%. In 2020，the yield of T2 treatment increased by 271.0% compared with T5 treatment，the head milled rice rate increased by 83.9%，the chalkiness degree and chalky grain rate decreased by 85.2% and 77.6%，respectively，and the amylose content decreased by 19.2%. The protein content of rice was the highest under T3 treatment，which was 13.6% and 20.0% higher than that under T5 treatment in 2019 and 2020，respectively. There was no significant difference in quality indexes between T2 and T3 treatments.The yield of Yliangyou 900 under T2 treatment was the highest in both years，and its quality was better. The accumulated temperature，accumulated light time and accumulated light intensity of the three varieties from heading to maturity decreased with the delay of sowing date. The accumulated temperature and accumulated light time of Yliangyou 900 decreased the most，and the decrease of Zhaoyou 5431 and Zhongzheyou 8 was similar.RDA and interpretation rate analysis showed that the temperature and light factors from heading to mature stage were the main environmental factors that caused the difference of rice quality，and the accumulated light time of 10—20 days after heading was the most important ecological factor affecting rice quality. In summary，the yield of indica rice in southern Henan is the highest when sown on April 30，and the quality is better.

Effects of Foliar Magnesium on Yield，Quality and Contents of Anthocyanin and Metabolites of Purple Rice

DU Xueli, KE Luyao, LIU Zhan, DAI Mingzhu, ZHOU Yu, LI Jianxing, XU Jiuliang

2024, 53(2): 28-36. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.003

Abstract ( )

PDF (3328KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

The purple rice variety Dianxiangzi 1 was used as the material，the different foliar magnesium（Mg）rates［0（CK），2% MgO（MgⅠ）and 3% MgO（MgⅡ）］were set up at heading and filling stages，and the purple rice yield，quality，anthocyanin content and differential metabolites were studied under different treatments. The mechanism of Mg affecting anthocyanin content was preliminarily analyzed to provide scientific support for optimizing purple rice cultivation measures. The results showed that foliar Mg could significantly improve the setting rate，1 000⁃grain weight，yield，head rice rate and the contents of cyanidin⁃3⁃O⁃glucoside and paeoniin⁃3⁃O⁃glucoside of purple rice. Compared with CK，purple rice yields of MgⅠ and MgⅡ treatments increased by 10.0% and 15.8%，head rice rates increased by 6.9% and 5.2%，contents of cyanidin⁃3⁃O⁃glucoside increased by 28.9% and 23.5%，and contents of cyanidin⁃3⁃O⁃glucoside increased by 28.5% and 27.6%，respectively. A total of 182 metabolites were detected，and a total of 42 metabolites showed significant change in content under Mg Ⅰ and Mg Ⅱ treatments. These differential metabolites included 15 organic acids，3 benzenoids，4 amino acids，3 lipids，3 nucleotides，7 organic acids and 7 other metabolites.The contents of 25 and 16 metabolites of MgⅠ and Mg Ⅱ treatments significantly increased respectively. Mg Ⅰ and Mg Ⅱ treatments significantly affected amino acid and nucleotide metabolic pathways and increased the content of phenylalanine，the precursor of anthocyanin synthesis. However，the increase of Mg rate had no significant effect on the yield and quality of purple rice. In conclusion，foliar spray of 2% MgO is recommended at heading stage and filling stage，which can significantly improve the yield，quality and anthocyanin content of purple rice.

Evaluation of Inland Superior Cotton Resources and Their Application in Xinjiang Cotton Breeding

TANG Zhongjie, XIE Deyi, YU Yuebo, FANG Weiping, LU Fengyin

2024, 53(2): 37-45. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.004

Abstract ( )

PDF (1669KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

The aim is to comprehensively utilize inland cotton resources，solve the problems involved in Xinjiang cotton breeding，such as narrow genetic basis and serious homogenization，and cultivate new cotton varieties with high and stable yield that are more suitable for whole⁃process mechanization in Xinjiang. Using 160 inland cotton resources as materials，the identification of biological characteristics was conducted in Korla，Xinjiang. The parental selection and systematic selection of cotton breeding in Xinjiang were guided through correlation and cluster analysis. The yield potential and stability of progeny strains were comprehensively evaluated by the mean of GGE biplot.The results showed that there were regional differences in the cultivation of inland cotton resources in Xinjiang. The cotton resources with a dimension of origin similar to that of the Xinjiang pilot showed excellent adaptability. Its grey clustering evaluation got a high score.78 superior resources showed rich genetic variation.These resources were divided into four groups at 11.486 of Euclidean distance.The third group mainly composed of cotton resources from the Yellow River basin showed the best performance. Therefore，the third group was considered the characteristic group for the utilization of inland cotton resources in Xinjiang. The results of the principal component analysis indicated that the first principal component had the largest characteristic value and the highest variance contribution rate. As a comprehensive factor related to yield potential，it can be used as the basis for comprehensively evaluating the quality of cotton resources.Finally，the yield potential and stability of 16 progeny strains with inland superior resources as parents were evaluated according to the GGE biplot，and the target cotton line M5 with yield potential and stability was selected.

Effects of Water⁃retaining Agent on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Topsoil and the Growth and Development of Tobacco Plants in Cigar Tobacco Field in the Semi⁃humid Area of Southwest Henan

MA Yu, WANG Shuoli, ZHAO Xi, HOU Bingqing, XUE Zizhong, ZHANG Yang, XI Hongang, CHENG Yuyuan, SHI Xiangdong, XING Xuexia

2024, 53(2): 46-55. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.005

Abstract ( )

PDF (1922KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

The practical application effect of different dosage of water⁃retaining agent in the production of cigar leaves in southwest Henan was studied，with a view to providing theoretical basis and technical reference for planting cigar tobacco in semi⁃humid areas and improving the quality of domestic cigar raw materials. Using the cigar tobacco variety Habanos as the test material，we studied the effects of different dosages of water⁃retaining agent（CK：0 g/plant；T1：2 g/plant；T2：4 g/plant；T3：6 g/plant）on the physical and chemical properties of topsoil in cigar tobacco fields and the growth and development of cigar tobacco plants. The results indicated that applying water⁃retaining agent could significantly improve the volumetric moisture content of topsoil，reduce soil conductivity，improve soil organic matter，alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen，available phosphorus，and available potassium content. The application of water⁃retaining agent increased the plant height，stem girth，and leaf number of cigar tobacco，promoted leaves opening，improved the accumulation of dry matter in cigar tobacco plants. Compared with other treatments，T2 treatment was more conducive to improving the agronomic traits of cigar tobacco plants and promoting dry matter accumulation. With the increase of water⁃retaining agent dosage，the agronomic traits and dry matter accumulation of cigar tobacco plants showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.The application of water⁃retaining agent could increase the total nitrogen accumulation in cigar tobacco，compared with CK，each treatment increased by 7.69% to 44.65%，at the same time，it also increased the proportion of nitrogen accumulation and distribution in cigar tobacco leaves by 2.46% to 13.47%. The application of water⁃retaining agent increased the nitrogen absorption efficiency of cigar tobacco by 8.27%—30.45%. In summary，the application of water⁃retaining agent can improve the physical and chemical properties of topsoil in cigar tobacco fields，alleviate the adverse effects of insufficient soil moisture when planting cigar tobacco in semi⁃humid areas and improve the dry matter accumulation and nitrogen absorption efficiency of cigar tobacco. When planting cigar tobacco in southwestern Henan，the best effect is achieved when the application rate of water⁃retaining agent is 4 g/plant.

Effects of Commercial Organic Fertilizers on Physical and Chemical Properties of Sandy Fluvo⁃Aquic Soil，Yield and Nutrient#br# Accumulation of Winter Wheat

XU Chunyan, ZHANG Qian, WANG Yaxian, WANG Hongyu, SHENG Kai, WANG Yilun

2024, 53(2): 56-64. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.006

Abstract ( )

PDF (2584KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to find out commercial organic fertilizers suitable for fertility improvement and cropyield increase in sandy fluvo⁃aquic soil,a winter wheat field trial was conducted in Xinxiang County,Henan Province from 2021 to 2022.The effects of different commercial organic fertilizers（carboniferous organic and inorganic compound fertilizer,bacteria⁃containing compound fertilizer,bacteria⁃containing organic fertilizer，carboniferous organic fertilizer，humic acid organic fertilizer）on physical and chemical properties of sandy fluvo⁃aquic soil，winter wheat yield and nutrient absorption and utilization were studied with single application of chemical fertilizer as a control. The results showed that the application of commercial organic fertilizer significantly increased the yield of winter wheat by 24.6%—49.7%,in which the application of carboniferous organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and carboniferous organic fertilizer increased the yield by 49.7% and 43.8%,respectively.The application of carboniferous organic and inorganic compound fertilizer significantly increased the above⁃ground nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation by 44.6%,43.1% and 54.4%,respectively.The application of carboniferous organic fertilizer significantly increased by 24.8%,33.5% and 45.5%.The application of commercial organic fertilizer could reduce the bulk density of 0—10 cm soil,and the contents of organic carbon and available potassium in sandy fluvo⁃aquic soil with carbon organic and inorganic compound fertilizer,bacterial compound fertilizer,carboniferous organic fertilizer and humic acid organic fertilizer were significantly increased by 33.1%—44.8% and 10.8%—16.7%,respectively.In addition,the application of carbonaceous organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and carbonaceous organic fertilizer could also increase the proportion of soil aggregates>0.25 mm，and significantly improve the activities of α⁃glucosidase，β⁃cellobiosidase，β⁃xylosidase，leucine⁃aminopeptidase and phosphatase in soil.The above results show that carboniferous organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and carboniferous organic fertilizer by reducing the bulk density of 0—10 cm soil,promoting the formation of soil large aggregates，and increasing the content of organic carbon,available potassium and soil extracellular enzyme activity，achieve the increase of winter wheat yield and nutrient accumulation.They are suitable commercial organic fertilizers for sandy fluvo⁃aquic soil.

Effects of Different Rotation Modes of Sweet Potato on Soil Organic Carbon Components and Carbon Conversion Enzyme Activities

LIU Yajun, WANG Wenjing, LI Min, HU Qiguo, LIU Guangqing, SUN Xiyun, CHU Fengli

2024, 53(2): 65-74. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.007

Abstract ( )

PDF (3340KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to investigate the effects of different rotation modes of sweet potato on soil organic carbon components and carbon invertase activity，we took sweet potato⁃wheat continuous cropping land for 3 years as the research object,set up four treatments including sweet potato⁃wheat continuous cropping(SWS),sweet potato⁃wheat/sweet potato⁃rapeseed rotation(SWR),sweet potato⁃wheat/corn⁃wheat rotation(SWC),and sweet potato⁃wheat/peanut⁃wheat rotation(SWP)，studied the effects of different rotation modes on soil organic carbon components and carbon invertase activity in 0—20 cm and 20—40 cm soil layers，and explored their correlations.The main results were as follows：compared with the SWS treatment，the SWR,SWC,and SWP treatments could increase soil organic carbon(SOC)，dissolved organic carbon(DOC),particulate organic carbon(POC),readily oxidizable organic carbon(ROC),microbial biomass carbon(MBC)content，and soil sucrase，cellulase,polyphenol oxidase，and peroxidase activity in 0—20 cm and 20—40 cm soil layers. Overall,POC,DOC,ROC and MBC ratios in 0—20 cm and 20—40 cm soil layers were increased. There were also significant differences in soil organic carbon and its component content，as well as carbon conversion enzyme activity among different rotation treatments.In 0—20 cm soil layer,the ROC content and sucrase activity of the SWC treatment were significantly increased by 5.79%,7.56%,and 7.20%,8.71% compared to the SWR and SWP treatments，respectively.The DOC content of the SWR treatment was significantly increased by 5.67% compared to the SWP treatment. The MBC content and peroxidase activity of the SWP treatment were significantly increased by 5.93%,10.35%,and 11.89%,7.02% compared to the SWR and SWC treatments，respectively. In 20—40 cm soil layer,the POC，ROC content and sucrase activity of the SWC treatment were significantly increased by 5.07%,5.42%,and 9.48% compared to the SWP treatment，and the activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase of the SWC treatment were significantly increased by 5. 93% and 7. 14% compared to the SWR treatment，respectively.The DOC content and sucrase activity of the SWR treatment were significantly increased by 5.93% and 5.65% compared to the SWP treatment,respectively. The MBC content of the SWP treatment was significantly increased by 7.56% compared to the SWC treatment,and the activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase of the SWP treatment were significantly increased by 5.56% and 12.30% compared to the SWR treatment，respectively. The result of correlation analysis showed that there was a direct or indirect relationship between the soil organic carbon and its components and carbon conversion enzyme activity under different rotation modes of sweet potato. In summary，the different rotation patterns of sweet potato could increase the content of soil organic carbon and its components，as well as the activity of carbon conversion enzymes.Among them,the SWC(sweet potato⁃wheat/corn⁃wheat rotation)and SWP(sweet potato⁃wheat/peaunt⁃wheat rotation)treatments performed significantly better than the SWR(sweet potato⁃wheat/sweet potato⁃rapeseed rotation)treatment.

Effects of Biocrusts on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization in the Rocky Desertification Area of Guizhou

ZHAO Xin, CHEN Dong, GUO Guanting, WU Jiaojiao, ZHANG Yuandong, LONG Linmei, LONG Mingzhong, LI Xiaona

2024, 53(2): 75-84. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.008

Abstract ( )

PDF (3499KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

To explore the impact of biological soil crust on soil nitrogen mineralization in rocky desertification areas of Guizhou，the Guanling⁃Zhenfeng Huajiang Rocky Desertification Comprehensive Control Demonstration Area in Guizhou Province was selected as the study area.The seasonal dynamic characteristics of soil inorganic nitrogen pool and nitrogen mineralization rate of three different types of biocrusts in Zanthoxylum bungeanum forest,including moss crust,algae⁃moss mixed crust，and bare soil(without crust),were studied through field in situ buried tube cultivation experiments.The results showed that the ammonium nitrogen content of the three types of soils showed a trend of summer>spring>autumn>winter，and the ammonium nitrogen content of moss crust was significantly higher than that of mixed crust and bare soil in autumn，spring，and summer，which were 1.64，1.69，and 1.94 times higher than mixed crust and 3.36,3.43,and 4.83 times higher than bare soil,respectively;The highest values of nitrate nitrogen content in mixed crust and moss crust both occurred in summer,and the nitrate nitrogen content in moss crust was significantly higher than that in bare soil in winter,spring,and summer,which were 3.57,4.04,and 4.81 times higher than that in bare soil,respectively;The variation trend of inorganic nitrogen content in different types of soils in the same season and in different seasons of the same type of soil was similar to that of nitrate nitrogen content.The net ammonification rate,net nitrification rate,and net nitrogen mineralization rate of the three types of soils were all the lowest in winter.The net ammonification rate of moss crust in summer was significantly higher than the other two types of soils，which were 1.90 and 6.08 times higher than those of mixed crust and bare soil，respectively;The net nitrification rate in spring and summer was significantly higher than that in bare soil，which were 4.09 and 3. 18 times higher than in bare soil，respectively;The net nitrogen mineralization rate was significantly higher in spring and summer than that in mixed crust and bare soil.Soil temperature was the main influence factor of soil nitrogen mineralization in autumn and winter，and soil moisture was the main influence factor of soil nitrogen mineralization in spring and summer. In summary,the formation and development of biological crust in karst rocky desertification areas can effectively promote the process of nitrogen mineralization，which is one of the important biological factors affecting nitrogen cycling in this region.

Comparison of Dumas Combustion Method and Kjeldahl Nitrogen Determination Method in Determination of Total Nitrogen in Fertilizer

JIA Bin, SHANG Lijun, PAN Jie, SUN Hongmei, WANG Ying, YUAN Erding

2024, 53(2): 85-91. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.009

Abstract ( )

PDF (1394KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

To evaluate the applicability of Dumas combustion method and Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method in determining the total nitrogen content of different types of fertilizers,20 different types of nitrogen⁃containing fertilizers and 4 standard samples were selected as experimental objects.Dumas combustion method and Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method were used to determine the total nitrogen content,and the precision,accuracy,correlation of the results,and advantages and disadvantages of the two methods were compared.The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two methods in determining fertilizers without nitrate nitrogen,but the precision of Dumas combustion method was higher.When measuring nitrate nitrogen⁃containing fertilizers,there was a significant difference in the results of the two methods.The results of Dumas combustion method were closer to the true content and had good repeatability,while Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method had a lower value and poor repeatability.For urea nitrogen fertilizers with high nitrogen content,the precision of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method was slightly higher than that of Dumas combustion method.Taking into account factors such as environmental friendliness,work efficiency,experimental costs,precision and accuracy of the measurement results,Dumas combustion method is more suitable for determining the total nitrogen content of fertilizers.

Characterization of a Novel Hypovirus RsHV4 in the Phytopathogenic Fungus Rhizoctonia solani

WANG Peng, LI Duhua, ZHANG Shaohui, YANG Mengning, AN Hongliu, FANG Shouguo, DENG Qingchao, GUO Lingfang, ZHANG Songbai

2024, 53(2): 92-100. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.010

Abstract ( )

PDF (6944KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to find a new hypovirus in Rhizoctonia solani and to provide a new biological control resource for corn sheath blight，a new virus RsHV4（Rhizoctonia solani hypovirus 4）was discovered by dsRNA extraction from the R. solani strain ZYFG11. The taxonomic status and biological characteristics such as hypovirulence activity of the new virus RsHV4 were determined by genomic cloning，phylogenetic analysis，growth characterization and biological inoculation. The result showed that RsHV4 was a positive single⁃stranded RNA virus with the genome of 18 702 nt，encoding a polyprotein of 5 540 aa.Phylogenetic analysis showed that RsHV4 belonged to the genus Thetahypovirus of the family Hypoviridae and shared the highest identity of 59.46% with the polyprotein of Sclerotium rolfsii hypovirus 1.The mycelial growth rates of avirulent strain JSJH6 and virulent strain ZYFG11 were 0.50 cm/d and 0.41 cm/d，the time of mass formation of sclerotium was 5 and 7 d，the total weights of the 50 largest sclerotia were 0.27 g and 0.11 g after ten days of strain growth，respectively，these results indicating that the mycelial growth of the virulent strain ZYFG11 was slowed down，the sclerotium formation was delayed，and the sclerotium size was reduced.Two weeks after biological inoculation，the disease spot area of the second sheath and the third sheath of maize plants inoculated with virulent strain ZYFG11 accounted for 30% and 10% respectively，while the disease spot area of the second sheath and the third sheath of plants inoculated with avirulent strain JSJH6 accounted for 100%，indicating that the pathogenicity of virulent strain ZYFG11 decreased significantly. In conclusion，this study identified a novel hypovirus RsHV4 from R.solani，which can affect the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of host fungi，providing a potential virus resource for the control of corn sheath blight.

Isolation，Identification of Golubevia albescens 17wy1 and Exploration of Its Control Effect on Wheat Powdery Mildew

WANG Junmei, LI Yahong, XU Fei, YANG Gongqiang, FENG Chaohong, LI Haohai, SONG Yuli

2024, 53(2): 101-107. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.011

Abstract ( )

PDF (2810KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

An isolate 17wy1 from abnormal conidium of Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici(Bgt)was identified by 26S rDNA sequence analysis for classification,the inhibition effect of its fermentation broth on Bgt conidium germination and the control effect of its fermentation broth on indoor pot seedling and field wheat powdery mildew were detected,and the expression pattern of wheat pathogenesis⁃related genes such as PR1,PR2,PR5 and TaPAL was analyzed by RT⁃qPCR in order to explain antagonistic mechanism,so as to provide a basis for 17wy1 biological control on wheat powdery mildew.The results showed that isolate 17wy1 was Golubevia albescens，its fermentation broth(5×10⁷ spores per milliliter)had 85.1% inhibition rate on Bgt conidium germination,and 58.5% control effect on wheat powdery mildew in indoor seedlings and 69.8% in field wheat，respectively.Two pathogenesis⁃related protein genes PR1 and PR5 were induced and the expression was significantly up⁃regulated in symptomatic indoor wheat seedlings after spraying 17wy1 fermentation broth. In conclusion,the yeast 17wy1 can inhibit the conidium germination of Bgt,has a good control effect on wheat powdery mildew both indoors and in the field,and may be a potential biocontrol agent against wheat powdery mildew.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Ornamental Peach Germplasm Based on Phenotypic Traits

QIAO Yuxuan, SHEN Xiaoxiao, JIAO Xuehui, ZHOU Xiaojuan, YUE Changping, SHI Xibing

2024, 53(2): 108-117. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.012

Abstract ( )

PDF (2204KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

With 106 ornamental peach germplasm resources collected from the ornamental peach resource nursery of Yanling Institute of Forestry Science as research materials,diversity analysis was conducted on 30 phenotypic traits(18 quality traits and 12 quantitative traits)by calculating coefficient of variation and diversity index,combining correlation,principal component，and cluster analysis.The results showed that there were significant differences in traits and rich genetic diversity among 106 ornamental peach germplasm resources.Among them,the average coefficient of variation for quantitative traits was 33.80%,with the maximum coefficient of variation for petal number,being 68.17%.The average diversity index was 1.82,with the highest diversity index for flower diameter and petal length,both being 2.07.The diversity index for quality traits(0.85)was lower than that for quantitative traits,with the highest diversity index for petal color,being 1.87.Correlation and principal component analysis showed that there were 111 pairs and 39 pairs of traits with extremly significantly and significantly correlated,and the cumulative contribution rate of 9 principal components was 72.691%.Dwarf type,flower type,petal type,number of sepals,flower diameter,number of petals,petal width,etc.were the main traits that affected the phenotype of ornamental peaches. Based on the genetic differences in traits between germplasms，when the genetic distance was 6.5,the test materials were divided into 11 groups.The genetic clustering was closely related to plant type,flower type,petal type,petal color,anther color,branch color,leaf color,and other traits. Based on the clustering results,18 excellent germplasm resources were selected.In summary,the main phenotypic traits of 106 ornamental peach germplasm resources exhibit rich genetic diversity.

Genetic Analysis of Flower Size and Related Characters in Petunia

ZHANG Linxia, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Shuting, SUN Miaomiao, ZHANG Xiaomin, LI Zhineng, LIU Guofeng

2024, 53(2): 118-127. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.013

Abstract ( )

PDF (3922KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to explore the inheritance law of petunia flower size,four generations of genetic populations(P1,P2,F1,F2）were constructed using the large⁃flowered and small⁃flowered inbred lines of petunia as parents.The main gene+polygene mixed genetic model analysis was carried out,and the genetic law was verified by crossing the F1 plant with the medium⁃flowered petunia line W115.Moreover,the F2 population was used to investigate 23 phenotypic traits including flower diameter，sepal length,leaf length etc.,and the correlation analysis of these traits was carried out.The results showed that the flower diameter of petunia(large flower vs. small flower)was controlled by two pairs of additive major genes(2MG⁃A),and the heritability of major genes was 95.38%;the offspring of the F1 crossing W115 showed a separation ratio of 1∶1 between the large⁃flowered individuals and medium⁃flowered individuals，and the chlorophyll content of leaves and bracts in medium⁃flowered plants was significantly higher than that in large⁃flowered plants(P<0.01).The phenotypic traits of F2 population derived from hybridization between large⁃flower and small⁃flower parents had abundant variation,and the coefficient of variation varied from 7.67% to 59.93%,with an average of 22.38%.Correlation analysis showed that there were certain correlations among the floral traits,leaf traits and between them,and the flower diameter was significantly positively correlated with the size of other organs,but significantly negatively correlated tosome plant traits.

Preparation and Identification of Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies against Egg Drop Syndrome Virus and the Use in Sandwich ELISA

WEI Qiang, LI Qingmei, JIN Qianyue, SONG Yapeng, BAI Yilin, ZHANG Gaiping

2024, 53(2): 128-135. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.014

Abstract ( )

PDF (2099KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Recombinant egg drop syndrome virus(EDSV)fiber protein was obtained and its hemagglutination(HA)activity was identified in order to generate neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against EDSV.The HA titer of the purified fiber protein reached 1∶2⁷.The recombinant fiber protein was used as an immunogen to immunize BALB/c mice.The indirect enzyme⁃linked immunosorbent assay(iELISA)and indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA)titers of the mice serum were up to 1∶409 600and 1∶12 800，respectively,after four immunizations. Hybridoma cells were prepared by cell fusion using spleen cells from immunized mice. Two hybridoma cell lines,9G12 and 10E11，which could secrete neutralizing monoclonal antibodies stably，were effectively developed after subcloning and screening with iELISA and IFA.The ascites titers of monoclonal antibodies 9G12 and 10E11 detected by iELISA were 1∶128 000 and 1∶1 020 000，respectively.The titers of IFA were 1∶2 000 and 1∶8 000,espectively.Both monoclonal antibodies were unable to react selectively with the denatured EDSV fiber protein，according to the Western blot data. Viral neutralization test confirmed that 9G12 and 10E11 had neutralization activity.The neutralization titers of 9G12 and 10E11 were 1∶2⁷ and 1∶2⁴_,respectively.The heavy chains of the antibodies were IgG1 subtype,whereas the light chains were Kappa type.A sandwich ELISA method based on monoclonal antibodies 9G12 and 10E11 was applied to the detection of EDSV in clinical samples,and the coincidence rate with real⁃time PCR results was 91.7%.In conclusion，two hybridoma cell lines，9G12 and 10E11,which secreted specific anti⁃EDSV antibodies,were successfully screened in this study.Both monoclonal antibodies had the activity of neutralizing EDSV infection and could be applied to clinical detection of EDSV.

Expression and Bioinformatics Analysis of Aeromonas hydrophila Outer Membrane TolB Protein

CHEN Tianmeng, CAI Tongxuan, WANG Jialu, TIAN Muye, ZHAO Baohua, LIU Dong

2024, 53(2): 136-143. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.015

Abstract ( )

PDF (4573KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the application of TolB as the candidate vaccine antigen to prevent Aeromonas hydrophila infection in fish.Outer membrane protein gene tolB from A.hydrophila was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Physicochemical properties and advanced structures of TolB protein were analyzed by bioinformatics.The results indicated that tolB gene had an open reading frame of 1 263 bp(exclude signal peptide),encoding a protein(TolB)of 420 amino acids with molecular mass of 45.78 ku.TolB was successfully expressed and purified from Escherichia coli BL21(DE3).TolB was a stable and hydrophilic outer membrane protein.TolB had homology among different bacteria，and was more closely related in Aeromonas.The secondary structure of TolB was dominated by random coil.TolB had potential B,CTL and Th cell antigen epitopes and interacted with other Tol⁃Pal system proteins.In conclusion,TolB could be used as an effective vaccine candidate antigen agaisnt A.hydrophila.

Identification Method of Green Tobacco Leaf Positions Based on Hyperspectral Imaging Technology

LI Fenfen, WANG Aixia, ZHAO Chen, BAI Tao, MAO Lan, ZHANG Baolin, LI Shengdong, SONG Zhaopeng, WANG Tao

2024, 53(2): 144-151. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.016

Abstract ( )

PDF (3462KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to realize the rapid non⁃destructive identification of fresh tobacco leaf position,this study took tobacco leaves with different leaf positions as the research object,applied hyperspectral imaging technology to construct a fresh tobacco leaf position discrimination model based on characteristic spectrum. We processed the original hyperspectral data of tobacco leaves by using SNV(standard normal variate),2ND(2^nd derivative),SG(Savitzky⁃Golay smoothing filter) and MSC(multiplicative scatter correction)four spectral preprocessing methods,and used the preprocessed full⁃band spectral data and characteristic band spectral data to construct fresh tobacco leaf position recognition models based on SVM(support vector machines),PLS⁃DA(partial least squares⁃discriminant analysis,PLS⁃DA)and BPNN(back propagation neural network).The results showed that the model constructed by SG filter preprocessing and BPNN had the best recognition effect,and the discrimination results of the training set and prediction set were 91.15% and 90.63%,respectively.In addition,the BPNN model established by using the characteristic wavelengths screened by CARS was the best,and the prediction accuracy of the training set and prediction set reached 93.23% and 92.19%.This study shows that it is feasible to use hyperspectral imaging technology to identify the parts of fresh tobacco leaves，which can realize rapid and nondestructive detection of the parts of fresh tobacco leaves.

Recognition of Cotton Pests and Diseases Named Entities Based on RoBERTA Multi⁃feature Fusion

LI Dongya, BAT Tao, XIANG Huimin, DAI Shuo, WANG Zhenlu, CHEN Zhen

2024, 53(2): 152-161. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.017

Abstract ( )

PDF (1824KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Aiming at the scarcity of cotton pest and disease text corpus data and the lack of Chinese named entity recognition corpus,and the problems of complexity,diversity and uneven distribution of the content of cotton pest and disease entities,a Chinese entity recognition corpus CDIPNER containing 11 categories of cotton pests and diseases entities was constructed，and a named entity recognition model based on RoBERTa multi⁃feature fusion was proposed.The model adopted RoBERTa pre⁃training model with stronger mask learning ability for character⁃level embedding vector conversion,extracted feature vectors jointly by BiLSTM and IDCNN models to capture the temporal and spatial features of the text,respectively,fused the extracted feature vectors using a multi⁃head self⁃attention mechanism,and finally generated predicted sequences using the CRF algorithm.The results showed that the model had 96.60% recognition accuracy,95.76% recall,and 96.18% F1 value for named entities in cotton pest and disease text;it also had good results on public datasets such as ResumeNER.The results indicate that the model could effectively identify named entities of cotton pest and disease and has certain generalisation ability.

Research on the Fragmentation Rule during Cut Tobacco Processing

WU Yunjie, LIU Huan, WANG Ruizhen, WANG Haoyu, SUN Mi, ZHENG Cong, WU Jianping, ZHOU Jianjun, TIAN Binqiang, LI Chunguang

2024, 53(2): 162-170. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.018

Abstract ( )

PDF (3501KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to explore the law of broken cut tobacco during processing,different widths and lengths of cut tobacco were designed,and the structural changes of cut tobacco before and after the key processing links such as roller,fluidization and mechanical transportation were studied.The results showed that with the process of cut tobacco processing,all specifications of cut tobacco were broken continuously,the characteristic size of cut tobacco decreased,and the degree of breakage increased，mainly the mass fraction of cut tobacco with longer sizes of>7.10 mm and 4.50—7.10 mm decreased significantly,and the mass fraction of cut tobacco with<2.00 mm increased continuously.The difference of cut tobacco quality fraction of 3.35—4.50 mm was the largest among different treatments.The change rate of cut tobacco mass fraction in the process of drum processing was large，among which the process of drum drying was the largest,followed by the processes of vibration conveying，lifting conveying after drying and wind conveying,and the processes of wind cleaning and lifting before drying were smaller.After the whole processing，the characteristic size variation of 1.0 mm width cut tobacco,1.0 mm width apocoptic cut tobacco,0.8 mm width cut tobacco and 0.8 mm width apocoptic cut tobacco reached 1.86 mm,1.09 mm,1.65 mm and 1.08 mm,respectively，and the crushing degree reached 33.51%，26.35%，33.39% and 27.43%，respectively.The cut tobacco with larger feature size of>7.10 mm and 4.50—7.10 mm and narrower cut tobacco width is more likely to be broken during processing,so the quality change law of specific size of cut tobacco should be paid attention to according to the needs of processing,and the structure regulation and process optimization of tobacco should be carried out within the scope of raw material consumption.

Study on Pyrolysis Behavior of Tobacco Cuticle Based on TG⁃FTIR⁃MS

LI Yaling, MA Rong, DING Wei, FENG Wenning, XU Bo, LIANG Miao, LIU Yubin, LIU Wei, WANG Bing, QIAO Xueyi

2024, 53(2): 171-180. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.019

Abstract ( )

PDF (4409KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to study the pyrolysis behavior of tobacco cuticle and the release law of gaseous products during pyrolysis，the cuticle of tobacco leaves was separated by enzyme and chemical methods，and then were characterized by scanning electron microscope and Fourier infrared spectroscopy.The thermal release behavior and pyrolysis products of the cuticle were detected using TG⁃FTIR⁃MS coupling technology.The results showed that the cuticle could be separated by enzymatic and chemical methods.The pyrolysis of the cuticle could be divided into three stages：dehydration(50—135℃),rapid devolatilization(135—595℃)and carbonization(595—900℃).The main gas components produced by pyrolysis included CH4 and CO₂,and the gas products were mainly concentrated in the temperature range of 300—600℃,among which the carboxylic acids and toluene were the most. With the increase of temperature，the production of benzene series began at about 250℃ and reached the peak at 500—540℃,while the production of nicotine was relatively smaller.

Table of Content