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Research Progress on Quality Traits of Foxtail Millet LI Junxia, MA Xiaoqian, DAI Shutao, QIN Na, SONG Yinghui, ZHU Cancan, LIU Haixia, JIN Songcan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 14-23.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.002 Abstract （282）      PDF （1347KB）（697）       Knowledge map    Save Foxtail millet is an important multigrain crop in China，which is rich in protein，fatty acid，saccharides，dietary fiber and abundant essential trace elements for human body，and has high nutritional value. In this paper，the research progress of foxtail millet quality traits was reviewed from the aspects of appearance quality，eating and cooking quality，nutrient quality and processing quality，the existing problems in the research of foxtail millet quality were analyzed，and the prospect of further research was prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Status and Progress of Research on Soil Water Movement and Distribution in Subsurface Drip Irrigation WANG Dongbo, QIAN Zhiyong, WANG Dong, HUANG Guoliang, YANG Zhenjie, ZHANG Yijie Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (12): 1-13.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.12.001 Abstract （381）      PDF （1989KB）（608）       Knowledge map    Save The movement and distribution of soil water under subsurface drip irrigation has always been a hot topic in academic circles. In order to clarify the research progress of influencing factors of soil water migration and distribution under subsurface drip irrigation，the basic principles，main characteristics and development history of subsurface drip irrigation technology were summarized.The research methods and conclusions of soil water migration and distribution under different subsurface drip irrigation methods were systematically expounded，and the application status of numerical simulation technology in soil water distribution law research was introduced.The key factors affecting soil water migration and distribution under subsurface drip irrigation conditions were comprehensively analyzed.The current research status and development bottlenecks were summarized，and the future research direction was prospected，in order to provide theoretical reference for further research and improvement of irrigation water use efficiency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Effects of Abiotic Stress Factors on Wheat Photosynthesis FANG Yuhui, HUA Xia, HAN Liupeng, ZHAO Mingzhong, QI Xueli, DONG Haibin, HU Lin, Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (10): 1-13.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.10.001 Abstract （460）      PDF （1331KB）（581）       Knowledge map    Save Photosynthesis is the energy source and material basis of wheat growth and development，and plays an important role in the formation of wheat yield.In recent years，climate anomalies have occurred frequently.High temperature，low temperature，drought，waterlogging，saline‑alkaline，high light and low light have become the main factors affecting wheat photosynthesis.This paper reviewed the research progress of the effects of abiotic stresses such as temperature，water，saline‑alkaline and light intensity on wheat photosynthesis，pointed out the problems existing in this research field，and prospected the future research direction，so as to provide theoretical reference for wheat high photosynthetic efficiency breeding and cultivation management. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Yunnan Black Tea Aroma Characteristics Based on HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS and OAV DING Qihuan, DENG Min, SHI Dekang, SU Jianmei, GU Chonglin, LI Sijin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (4): 167-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.017 Abstract （108）      PDF （3949KB）（573）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the aroma characteristics of Yunnan black tea from different production areas in Yunnan,12 tea samples from four production areas,namely,Simao in Puer,Changning in Baoshan,Menghai in Xishuangbanna and Fengqing in Lincang，were selected as materials.The headspace‐solid phase microextraction(HS‐SPME)combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry(GC‐MS)was used to separate and identify the volatile components of Yunnan black tea from different production areas on a DB‐WAX column，and the volatile components of Yunnan black tea were analysed by using aroma activity value(OAV)combined with chemometrics to determine the volatiles composition and aroma characteristics of Yunnan black tea from different production areas.The results showed that a total of 143 volatile substances，mainly alcohols，aldehydes，esters and olefins，were identified in Yunnan black tea from different production areas，and 50 substances(OAV≥1)contributing to the flavor of Yunnan black tea were screened out with the help of OAV，among which linalool and β‐ionone had a prominent position in OAV，and were important for the composition of the flavour of Yunnan black tea from different production areas.By using orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis(OPLS‐DA),combined with variable importance projection(VIP),43 differential markers were screened(VIP≥1).Based on the results of OAV and OPLS‐DA，12 characteristic differential substances of Yunnan black tea were screened：2‐methyl butyraldehyde， benzaldehyde， heptaldehyde，Z‐hex‐3‐en‐1‐ol，methyl 2‐(methylamino)benzoate，dihydroactinidolide，D‐limonene,(E)‐3，7‐dimethylocta‐1,3,6‐triene，β‐ionone，α -lonone，dihydro‐β‐ionone，and P‐cymene.Z‐hex‐3‐en‐1‐ol contributed prominently to the clear aroma of black tea from Changning production area；dihydroactinidolide and dihydro‐β‐ionone contributed prominently to the floral and fruity aroma of Menghai production area，and heptaldehyde contributed prominently to the fruity aroma of Fengqing production area.Further analysis showed that the Yunnan black tea aroma types of the four production areas were mainly floral and fruity.Combined with the cluster analysis，Changning and Fengqing production areas had floral and sweet aroma，and the fruity aroma was stronger，absence of honey notes；and the differentiated compounds of Simao and Menghai production areas were more diverse，and the composite aroma was obvious，which involved the sweet aroma，honey aroma，grassy aroma，clear aroma and fat aroma. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Vaccine for Pigs LIANG Yuxuan, PANG Shengmei, LIU Mei, WANG Longlong, DUAN Qiangde Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.001 Abstract （379）      PDF （1511KB）（509）       Knowledge map    Save Porcine epidemic diarrhea（PED）caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus（PEDV）is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease of pigs，which leads to high morbidity and mortality in the suckling piglets，thereby bringing huge economic losses to the global pig industry.Vaccination is currently the most economical and effective measure for the prevention of PED，but due to the continuous emergence of PEDV variants，the immune protection of the vaccine is not effective.Therefore，the development of safer and more effective vaccines for preventing PED is urgently needed. Here we mainly reviewed the pathogenic characteristics，the pathogenic mechanism of PEDV，and the latest progress in PEDV vaccine research. Futhermore，the research strategy of a novel and effective PEDV vaccine was also prospected，to provide a reference for effective prevention and control of PED in clinical settings. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Analysis of Flower Size and Related Characters in Petunia ZHANG Linxia, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Shuting, SUN Miaomiao, ZHANG Xiaomin, LI Zhineng, LIU Guofeng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (2): 118-127.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.013 Abstract （300）      PDF （3922KB）（499）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the inheritance law of petunia flower size,four generations of genetic populations(P1,P2,F1,F2）were constructed using the large⁃flowered and small⁃flowered inbred lines of petunia as parents.The main gene+polygene mixed genetic model analysis was carried out,and the genetic law was verified by crossing the F1 plant with the medium⁃flowered petunia line W115.Moreover,the F2 population was used to investigate 23 phenotypic traits including flower diameter，sepal length,leaf length etc.,and the correlation analysis of these traits was carried out.The results showed that the flower diameter of petunia(large flower vs. small flower)was controlled by two pairs of additive major genes(2MG⁃A),and the heritability of major genes was 95.38%;the offspring of the F1 crossing W115 showed a separation ratio of 1∶1 between the large⁃flowered individuals and medium⁃flowered individuals，and the chlorophyll content of leaves and bracts in medium⁃flowered plants was significantly higher than that in large⁃flowered plants(P<0.01).The phenotypic traits of F2 population derived from hybridization between large⁃flower and small⁃flower parents had abundant variation,and the coefficient of variation varied from 7.67% to 59.93%,with an average of 22.38%.Correlation analysis showed that there were certain correlations among the floral traits,leaf traits and between them,and the flower diameter was significantly positively correlated with the size of other organs,but significantly negatively correlated tosome plant traits. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on Application of Rational Design of Enzyme in Crop Breeding and Prospect WANG Donghui, WANG Aoxuan, HE Changhai, LIU Zhihao, SHI Yongchun, WANG Ran, WANG Xiaoran Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.05.001 Abstract （344）      PDF （1812KB）（484）       Knowledge map    Save Excellent germplasm resources are important guarantee for food security，and traditional breeding techniques have problems such as long breeding cycles and intensive workloads. With the deep integration of biology and computer technology，the rational design of enzyme used for directional optimization of key crop genes has laid the foundation for greater exploitation of high‑quality genetic resources.It further integrates with gene editing and transgenic technologies，and becomes one of the important directions in the exploration of molecular breeding technology.This article elaborated the common methods of rational design of enzyme，such as molecular docking，molecular dynamic simulations，binding free energy evaluation and so on，reviewed the progress on application of rational design of enzyme in improvement of crop quality，stress resistance and biomass，and the future was prospected，to provide reference for the development and utilization of new technologies in crop breeding. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Status and Progress of Fluorescent Labeling Technology in the Creation of Novel Agrocompounds WEN Ding, ZHANG Ya, LIU Shuangqing, WANG Chong, LIAO Xiaolan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 1-13.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.001 Abstract （285）      PDF （1591KB）（461）       Knowledge map    Save Fluorescent labeling technology（FLT）is widely used in all aspects of the modern society,but its application in the field of agrocompound creation has rarely been reviewed. Based on the domestic and foreign literature on FLT in the field of agrocompound creation in the past 10 years，the kinds of fluorescent dyes in FLT was introduced，the application situation and progress of fluorescence probe technology and immunofluorescence technology in new agrocompound creation field were summarized，the limitations and deficiencies of FLT in the field of agrocompound creation were analyzed，and the development trend of FLT in the future was prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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mRNA Vaccines：Research Progress and Applications in Animal Infectious Diseases ZHAI Chongkai, MAO Fuchao, TIAN Wenjing, WANG Conghui, WANG Yingxian, ZHANG Hewei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (5): 10-21.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.05.002 Abstract （437）      PDF （3322KB）（435）       Knowledge map    Save Compared to traditional approaches，RNA vaccines offer advantages such as high safety，good efficacy，and short development cycle，which makes them have unique advantages in the prevention and control of infectious diseases.Currently，mRNA vaccines have made great progress in the prevention and control of COVID‑19，influenza，Ebola，Zika and other human diseases，but the research on mRNA vaccines for animals is still not in‑depth.Therefore，the development of mRNA vaccines for animals to prevent and control infectious diseases in livestock，poultry，and wild animals has become one of the important research directions in the field of animal diseases and public health.This review comprehensively discusses the design，preparation，delivery system，application，advantages，challenges and prospects of mRNA vaccines against animal infectious diseases，to provide valuable insights for the development and research of future animal mRNA vaccines. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Extraction and Application of Maize Leaf Inclination Angle Using Digital Images BAO Congcong, ZHANG Baolin, NIU Panting, PAN Lijie Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 142-154.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.016 Abstract （292）      PDF （2733KB）（416）       Knowledge map    Save Leaf inclination angle is one of the major features of maize population canopy.The rational distribution of leaf inclination angles is of great importance in light use efficiency and production potential.After digital image processing，including gray‑scale，histogram equalization，median filter，Otsu segmentation，morphological operation，connectivity identification and skeletonization，Freeman codes were used to identify maize stem leaf joints and then leaf inclination angles were extracted.Leaf apex and joints were correctly identified by 94.47% and 93.94%，respectively.The correlation coefficient between observations and calculations of leaf inclination angle was 0.94.This method showed high efficiency and accuracy in leaf inclination angle extraction.Maize leaf inclination angle decreased with the lowering of leaf positions，and increased with the growth of NDVI.The quick and precise extraction of leaf inclination angle will provide scientific basis for phenotype retrieval，growth and development monitoring and agricultural resource use. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Absorption of Germanium in Soils and Its Accumulation Mechanism in Camellia sinensis SU Qiqian, AN Fuquan, YU Longfeng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (4): 1-8.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.001 Abstract （244）      PDF （1291KB）（414）       Knowledge map    Save Camellia sinensis is an economically significant crop in China,which can absorb and utilize germanium,thus promoting its growth and development.Through bioenrichment,Camellia sinensis transforms toxic inorganic germanium(GeO2)into non⁃toxic organic germanium(Ge⁃132).Moreover,the organic germanium can be absorbed by human and is beneficial to health.The application research of germanium in Camellia sinensis is still in the initial stage,and it is important to explore the germanium accumulation mechanism for developping germanium⁃rich tea.Therefore,the distribution of germanium in soil,the relationship between germanium in soil and growth of Camellia sinensis,the absorption and utilization of germanium by Camellia sinensis and the accumulation mechanism of germanium in Camellia sinensis were reviewed,which will provide basic information and theoretical reference for improving the germanium absorption efficiency of Camellia sinensis from soils and planting germanium⁃rich tea in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of miRNAs Related to High Temperature Stress in Maize Pollen and Analysis of Their Target Genes LI Chuan, ZHANG Panpan, ZHANG Meiwei, NIU Jun, MU Weilin, GUO Hanxiao, QIAO Jiangfang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (2): 1-16.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.001 Abstract （2462）      PDF （4835KB）（407）       Knowledge map    Save By using high⁃throughput miRNA sequencing technology，differentially expressed miRNAs were indentified in pollens of high heat tolerant maize variety Zhengdan 958 and low heat tolerant maize variety Xianyu 335 under high temperature stress at flowering stage，their target genes were predicted，and the enrichment analysis of genetic characteristics and metabolic pathways of these target genes were conducted. The results showed that a total of 818 miRNA precursor sequences were identified. Nineteen significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were screened in the group of Zhengdan 958 pollen under high temperature stress compared with the control pollen under normal condition(HT958 vs CK958). Among them，15 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated，4 miRNA sequences were down⁃regulated，and expression level difference of 3 miRNA sequences reached extremely significant level(P<0.01).The predicted results of target genes of 19 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 503 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，microtubule⁃based process，hosphorylation，positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase Ⅱ ，methylation and so on，and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were glutathione metabolism，carbon metabolism，arachidonic acid metabolism lycolysis/gluconeogenesis，folate biosynthesis and so on. Fiveteen significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the group of Xianyu 335 pollen under high temperature stress compared with the control pollen(HT335 vs CK335). Among them，7 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated,8 were down⁃regulated，and the expression level difference of 1 miRNA sequence reached highly significant level(P<0.01).The predicted results of target genes of 15 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 454 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，phosphorylation，protein phosphorylation,proteolysis，DNA repair and so on，and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were other glycan degradation,linoleic acid metabolism,metabolic pathways，thiamine metabolism，protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and so on.Eighty⁃five significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the group of Zhengdan 958 pollen under high temperature stress compared with Xianyu 335 pollen under high temperature stress(HT985 vs HT335). Among them，35 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated，50 were down⁃regulated，and expression level difference of 24 miRNA sequences reached extremely significant level(P<0.01). The predicted results of target genes of 85 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 2 286 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，phosphorylation,protein phosphorylation,proteolysis,transmembrane transport and so on，the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were sphingolipidmetabolism，starch and sucrose metabolism，other glycan degradation，metabolic pathways，cysteine and methionine metabolism and so on. Ninety⁃four significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the HT958 vs CK958 group compared with HT335 vs CK335 group. The predicted results of target genes of 94 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 4 569 gene transcripts were obtained.Among them，the expression level difference of 28 miRNA sequences showed extremely significant(P<0.01),including PC⁃3p⁃10069_1143C⁃3p⁃18335_646，zma⁃miR164f⁃5p and so on. The enriched GO biological process terms of target genes of 94 differentially expressed miRNA sequences included regulation of transcription,DNA⁃templated,phosphorylation,protein phosphorylation,protein transport,proteolysis and so on,and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum，ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes，spliceosome，sphingolipid metabolism，endocytosis and so on. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advance in Biological Pollutants in Agricultural Irrigation with Reclaimed Water ZHANG Hongwei, CUI Bingjian, LIU Chuncheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (3): 1-16.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.001 Abstract （440）      PDF （1369KB）（397）       Knowledge map    Save Rational and safe utilization of reclaimed water is one of the effective ways to alleviate the shortage of freshwater resources in farmland irrigation.Reclaimed water contains certain nutrient elements，but also contains certain harmful elements. Through literature review，this paper introduced in detail the research progress of reclaimed water utilization in agricultural irrigation from the aspects of definition and utilization of reclaimed water，types of biological pollutants，risk identification of biological pollution and risk control technology of reclaimed water quality in order to provide the references for the utilization of reclaimed water.The key future researches on reclaimed water utilization in agriculture were put forward，including evaluating the safety of reclaimed water utilization through long‐term positioning tests，analyzing the half‐life of antibiotics and other emerging pollutants in reclaimed water，formulating corresponding utilization standards，and developing low‐cost and rapid sewage treatment technology. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Planting Density on Stem Strength and Ear Characters of Maize XU Lina, AN Zhiliang, CHEN Shilin, ZHANG Huaisheng, JIN Xining, WANG Pingxi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 11-17.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.002 Abstract （349）      PDF （1501KB）（389）       Knowledge map    Save Five planting densities of 67 500（D1），75 000（D2），82 500（D3），90 000（D4）and 97 500（D5）plants/ha were set up to study the effects of planting density on stem strength，ear traits and yield of Baiyu 393，and the relationship between maize plant morphology and stem strength was analyzed，so as to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for high‑yield cultivation of summer maize in Huang‑Huai‑Hai region.The results showed that as the planting density increased，the ear height and ear height ratio of maize increased，the stem circumference decreased，and there was no significant change in plant height；The stem puncture strength，breaking strength and crushing strength of maize all decreased；The ear length，row number per ear，grain number per row，cob diameter，100‑grain weight and grain number per ear of maize all showed a downward trend，but there was no significant change in ear diameter，while the bald tip length increased；The maize yield first increased and then decreased，D3 treatment was the highest，followed by D2 treatment，the difference between the two treatments was not significant，while D5 treatment was the lowest.There were significant negative correlations between stem puncture strength，breaking strength，crushing strength and ear height，ear height ratio. In summary，when the planting density is 75 000—82 500 plants/ha，the ear height and stem diameter are moderate，the stem quality is good，the ear traits are superior，and the yield is higher. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Alleviating Continuous Cropping Obstacles by Allium L.Plants GUO Jianing, LI Nannan, LI Kun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 11-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.002 Abstract （307）      PDF （1333KB）（367）       Knowledge map    Save Soil continuous cropping obstacles commonly occur in many plants，such as grain crops，fruit trees，vegetables，Chinese herbal medicines and others，restricting the healthy and sustainable development of the industry.Intercropping，rotation and relay intercropping are important agricultural management measures，and they can regulate the microecological environment of rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping，reducing the harm of continuous cropping.Allium L.plants contain various biologically active components such as organic sulfur compounds，saponins，flavonoids，and other compounds.They are often used as an intercropping，rotation or relay intercropping crop to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles.This paper expounded the alleviative effects of Allium L.plants on continuous cropping obstaces，and the alleviating mechanism of Allium L.plants on continuous cropping obstacles was discussed from photosynthetic characteristics，antioxidant enzyme activity，root exudate characteristics and soil nutrients，enzyme activity and microorganisms quantity and community structure.The components contained in root exudates and plant volatiles of Allium L.plants were analyzed.Finally，the research direction of mechanisms of Allium L.plants alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and the development of active substances were proposed，which laid a theoretical foundation for further application of Allium L.plants in alleviating continuous cropping obstacles. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Impact of Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Respiration ZHU Leyang, ZHANG Xizhe, TAO Jiang, WANG Xiu, HAN Yanying, YE Yanhui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (10): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.001 Abstract （442）      PDF （1280KB）（366）       Knowledge map    Save Nitrogen deposition，as a critical ecological factor in the soil ecosystem，significantly affects the structure and function of ecosystems.To systematically elucidate the impact of nitrogen deposition on soil respiration，the effects of nitrogen deposition on soil root respiration，soil microorganism respiration，soil animal respiration and chemical oxidation of soil carbon⁃containing minerals were reviewed，and the specific effects of different nitrogen deposition gradients on soil respiration were analyzed.In order to provide a theoretical reference for subsequent in⁃depth monitoring and research of soil respiration and related life activities，the future research directions in the field of soil respiration were prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Differentially Expressed bHLH Genes in Maize under Drought‑Rewatering Treatments XIE Xiaowen, ZHANG Xinyue, FU Jiaxu, SHAO Jing, WEN Pengfei, WANG Tongchao, WEI Li Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 33-44.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.004 Abstract （3076）      PDF （5798KB）（360）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore bHLH transcription factors related to drought resistance in maize（Zea mays），differentially expressed bHLH genes were identified under drought‑rewatering treatment，and physicochemical characteristics，phylogenetic evolution，chromosome distribution，gene duplication，gene structure，conserved motif，cis‑elements in promoter region and gene expression were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 51 differentially expressed bHLH genes were identified in maize under drought‑rewatering treatment，the amino acid number，molecular weight and isoelectric point of 51 bHLH proteins ranged from 80 to 705 aa，21.26 to 92.17 ku，and 4.54 to 12.41，respectively.bHLH genes were divided into 16 subgroups，Ⅺ subgroup was the largest，containing 9 bHLH proteins；Ⅵ，Ⅷ，Ⅸ and ⅩⅢ subgroups were the smallest，containing 1 bHLH protein each. bHLH genes were distributed unevenly on 10 chromosomes，among which 7 pairs of genes had replication relationships.The number of exons varied greatly，9 bHLH genes contained 1 exon，27 bHLH genes contained 2—5 exons，and 15 bHLH genes contained 6 or more exons；Motif 1 and Motif 2 appeared more frequently in the conserved motifs of bHLH protein，followed by Motif 3 and Motif 5，with Motif 6 and Motif 9 appeared least frequently.The promoter region of bHLH genes contained many cis‑acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stress，such as ABRE，GARE‑motif，P‑box，AuxRR‑core，MBS，TGACG‑motif，CGTCA‑motif，TCA‑rich，TGA‑element and TCA‑element. Under drought‑rewatering treatment，51 bHLH genes exhibited different expression patterns，among them，14 genes such as ZmbHLH20，ZmbHLH25，ZmbHLH9，ZmbHLH137and ZmbHLH178 positively responded to drought stress，and 14 genes such as ZmbHLH58，ZmbHLH87，ZmbHLH36 and ZmbHLH106 negatively responded to drought stress，which were candidate genes for further study of drought response in maize bHLH family. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rhizome Quality Characteristics of Polygonatum rhizoma in Different Habitats and Driving Factors in Rhizosphere Soil Environment YU Gao, WANG Hai, MO Zhongmei, CHEN Fen Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (12): 57-68.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.12.007 Abstract （367）      PDF （1358KB）（345）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen the dominant environmental factors affecting the quality of Polygonatum rhizoma，the rhizomes and rhizosphere soils of Polygonatum rhizoma from different sources in 15 plots（S1—S15）around Fanjing Mountain，Tongren City，Guizhou Province，were used as materials，rhizome quality indexes of Polygonatum rhizoma and rhizosphere soil pH value，nutrient content and soil enzyme activity were determined，the correlation between rhizome quality indexes and soil environmental factors was analyzed，and principal component analysis（PCA）was used to screen out the driving factors in soil environment affecting rhizome quality of Polygonatum rhizoma.The results showed that there were certain differences in the rhizome drying rate，extract content，polysaccharides content，and total ash content of Polygonatum rhizoma under different habitat conditions and basal sources.Among them，Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua had the highest drying rate，Polygonatum sibircum Red.had the highest content of extract，and Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.had the highest polysaccharide content and the lowest total ash content.The average drying rate and polysaccharide content of 4‐year‐old Polygonatum rhizoma were higher than those of 5‐year‐old Polygonatum rhizoma，while the extract content was lower than that of 5‐year‐old Polygonatum rhizoma.The pH value of rhizosphere soil was moderate，except that the contents of organic matter，available nitrogen in S6，S12 and S15 and available potassium in S3 and S9 were deficient（level four），the rhizosphere soils of other plots were rich in nutrients and enzymes，which was suitable for the growth and development of Polygonatum rhizoma.Correlation analysis showed that soil enzyme activity was closely related to nutrient content in rhizosphere，and the quality of Polygonatum rhizoma was directly or indirectly affected by soil environmental factors such as soil pH value，nutrient content and enzyme activity.Principal component analysis indicated that the main soil environmental factors affecting rhizome quality of Polygonatum rhizoma were sucrase，catalase，pH value，organic matter，total nitrogen，alkali‐hydrolyzed nitrogen，acid phosphatase，available potassium，and the comprehensive scores of S1，S4，S7 and S14 were higher in different plots. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of Dumas Combustion Method and Kjeldahl Nitrogen Determination Method in Determination of Total Nitrogen in Fertilizer JIA Bin, SHANG Lijun, PAN Jie, SUN Hongmei, WANG Ying, YUAN Erding Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (2): 85-91.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.009 Abstract （452）      PDF （1394KB）（340）       Knowledge map    Save To evaluate the applicability of Dumas combustion method and Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method in determining the total nitrogen content of different types of fertilizers,20 different types of nitrogen⁃containing fertilizers and 4 standard samples were selected as experimental objects.Dumas combustion method and Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method were used to determine the total nitrogen content,and the precision,accuracy,correlation of the results,and advantages and disadvantages of the two methods were compared.The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two methods in determining fertilizers without nitrate nitrogen,but the precision of Dumas combustion method was higher.When measuring nitrate nitrogen⁃containing fertilizers,there was a significant difference in the results of the two methods.The results of Dumas combustion method were closer to the true content and had good repeatability,while Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method had a lower value and poor repeatability.For urea nitrogen fertilizers with high nitrogen content,the precision of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method was slightly higher than that of Dumas combustion method.Taking into account factors such as environmental friendliness,work efficiency,experimental costs,precision and accuracy of the measurement results,Dumas combustion method is more suitable for determining the total nitrogen content of fertilizers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Thidiazuron Compounded with Plant Growth Retardant on Cotton Growth，Development and Yield WU Gang, TIAN Yangqing, ZHAO Qiang, LI Xinxin, MUNIRE·Abudouuaini, WANG Wenqing, ZHANG Jiahao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (4): 47-56.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.006 Abstract （252）      PDF （2140KB）（328）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the regulatory effects of foliar application of thidiazuron in combination with different plant growth retardants on the growth，development，and yield of cotton，a field experiment was conducted from July to October 2022 in Tuanjie Village，Hailou Town，Shaya County，Xinjiang.Xinluzhong 84 was chosen as the test cotton variety. Thidiazuron at 0.1% concentration was used as the main agent，combined with chlormequat chloride（W1），calcium prohexadione（W2），uniconazole（W3），and flurprimidol（W4），with water serving as the control group（CK）.A randomized block design was employed，with a spray application before and after chemical topping，to analyze their effects on cotton agronomic traits，dry matter accumulation and distribution，leaf area index，SPAD value，and yield.The results showed that the W3 treatment performed the best across all measured indices. Specifically，at the boll opening stage，compared to CK，plant height，plant width，the length of the 3rd fruiting branch，the length of the 7th fruiting branch，and leaf branch length in the W3 treatment decreased by 1.23%，3.14%，10.96%，11.72%，and 18.92%，respectively；at 30 days after treatment，the SPAD value and the dry matter accumulation of buds and bolls increased by 2.05% and 9.98%，respectively，the proportion of dry matter in reproductive organs increased by 7.61%，and the leaf area index increased by 10.85% compared to CK；the number of bolls per plant and seed cotton yield increased by 11.28% and 11.23%，respectively，compared to CK.In conclusion，application of 0.1% thidiazuron 450 mL/ha + 5% uniconazole 75 g/ha before and after chemical topping can effectively suppress cotton indefinite growth，enhance leaf area index and leaf SPAD value，promote reproductive growth in cotton plants，increase the number of bolls per plant，and significantly increase cotton yield. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Intercropping Promoting Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization WU Xin, BI Jiayu, GE Yingtong, HE Yangfa, WANG Yuyun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.001 Abstract （298）      PDF （1931KB）（327）       Knowledge map    Save The application of phosphate fertilizer and mineral weathering are the main sources of soil phosphorus，but the low utilization rate of phosphorus and the limited ability of crops to absorb and utilize phosphorus lead to the accumulation of soil phosphorus，which limits the growth of crops.Intercropping system can improve soil phosphorus availability.The effects of intercropping on phosphorus utilization rate were summarized.The mechanism of intercropping to improve soil phosphorus availability was reviewed from three aspects：soil microorganisms，crop roots，and changes in endogenous hormones.It is suggested that in the future，we should focus on the in‑situ characterization of plant root morphology，auxin‑related gene expression，soil microorganisms and related functional genes，in order to provide reference for improving phosphorus utilization rate through intercropping. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Heavy Metal Stress Effects and Phytoremediation Mechanism of Forage Grass WU Yafen, ZHOU Liuting, WANG Yixiang, LUO Tao, HUANG Xiaoyun, HUANG Xiusheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (1): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.01.001 Abstract （329）      PDF （1380KB）（326）       Knowledge map    Save Soil heavy metal pollution is the main factor that causes the decline of ecological environment quality，the excessive content of heavy metals in crops and the harm to human health. Phytoremediation is one of the important ways to control heavy metals，which has both ecological and economic benefits.However，most plant species have limited remediation ability and cannot achieve good heavy metal removal effect. In contrast，forage grass is easy to cultivate，with large biomass and short growth cycle.It shows strong remediation ability in the treatment of heavy metal contaminated soil，and has good application prospect and development value. Based on the current situation of heavy metal contaminated soil remediation by herbage plants，the response characteristics of herbage plants under heavy metal stress，the enrichment effect of heavy metals and the remediation mechanism were systematically expounded，aiming to provide reference for the efficient use of herbage plants for heavy metal contaminated soil treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of Leaf Anatomical Atructure and Stress Resistance Analysis of Wild Tea Plants in Panzhou City and Sandu County，Guizhou Province YANG Chun, SU Shengfeng, YANG Daixing, LIANG Sihui, GUO Yan, GUO Can, CHEN Zhengwu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (1): 48-61.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.01.006 Abstract （188）      PDF （3853KB）（320）       Knowledge map    Save To better develop and utilize wild tea germplasms in Panzhou City and Sandu County of Guizhou Province，a total of 24 wild tea plants distributed in the two areas were used as materials，and 23 leaf traits derived from their leaf morphology and anatomical structure characteristics were comparatively analyzed.Based on these traits and combined with the membership function method，the resistance of wild tea plants was analyzed.The results showed that there were obvious differences in leaf appearance between wild tea plants in Panzhou and Sandu. Among them，the leaf length（LL），leaf width（LW）and leaf area（LA）of wild tea plants in Panzhou were significantly larger than that of Sandu，but the leaf length‑to‑width ratio（LR）was the opposite.In addition，there were significant or extremely significant differences in 16 leaf anatomical structural traits such as leaf thickness（LT），thickness of palisade tissue（TP），cell amount（CA），main vein thickness（MVT）and density of calcium oxalate crystal（DCO）between wild tea plants in Panzhou and Sandu. Among them，the LT，TP and MVT of Panzhou wild tea plants were thicker，palisade tissue cells were more densely arranged，calcium oxalate crystals were more dense，and the thickness of upper（lower）epidermis cells was thinner.The pairwise correlation analysis of the above 23 leaf traits showed that 43 pairs of them were highly significantly positively correlated，23 pairs were significantly positively correlated，17 pairs were highly significantly negatively correlated，and 12 pairs were significantly negatively correlated. Cluster analysis showed that the 24 wild tea plants could be divided into 4 categories，with the MVT and short diameter of vascular bundle（SDV）being the main basis for the classification. The results of stress resistance evaluation showed that Panzhou wild tea plants were slightly better than Sandu wild tea plants in drought and cold resistance.According to the average membership function value，SD‑20‑2，SD‑20‑3，PZ‑05 and PZ‑09 were selected as high resistance wild tea germplasms for breeding resistant tea cultivars. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Solid‑State Fermentation Process of Artemisia argyi and Its Inhibitory Effect on PRRSV LI Peng, WANG Junru, FENG Lili, WANG Huajian, AN Na, LEI Mengyao, ZHENG Hongshuang, WANG Liping, LIU Xingyou Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (6): 128-137.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.06.014 Abstract （241）      PDF （3582KB）（315）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the inhibitory effect of Artemisia argyi as feed additive on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),the probiotic strains suitable for solid‑state fermentation of Artemisia argyi were screened,the fermentation process was optimized，and the changes of effective components and antiviral effect were studied.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)were used as the detection indexes,and Pediococcus acidilactici was screened out as the probiotic strain suitable for the solid‑state fermentation of Artemisia argyi.With the number of viable bacteria of Pediococcus acidilactici as the index,the solid‑state fermentation process of Artemisia argyi was optimized by single factor test and response surface analysis,and the components and cytotoxicity of the solid‑state fermentation products of Artemisia argyi were determined.The results showed that the optimum solid‑state fermentation process of Artemisia argyi was as follows:The material‑water ratio was 1∶0.95,the inoculation amount was 7%,the fermentation time was 41 h,and the temperature was 28.6℃.After solid‑state fermentation,the total flavonoids content of Artemisia argyi increased by 15.3%,the total polyphenols content increased by 22.4%,the total polysaccharides content decreased by 38.1%,the crude fiber content decreased by 1.69 percentage points,and the cytotoxicity decreased by 50%.The extracts of Artemisia argyi before and after solid‑state fermentation were added to Marc145 cells infected with PRRSV.After 72 h,the proliferation of PRRSV was detected by immunoperoxidase monolayer assay(IPMA)and real‑time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR).When the concentration of Artemisia argyi was 0.625—1.25 mg/mL,the inhibitory effect of solid‑state fermentation group on PRRSV was higher than that of non‑fermentation group，and the viral load decreased from 9.24×106 copies/μL to 7.90×103 copies/μL.The above results showed that the active ingredients were fully released and the antiviral effect was enhanced after solid‑state fermentation of Artemisia argyi. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Physiological Response and Cold Resistance Evaluation of Blueberry Varieties under Low Temperature Treatment WEI Xin, WANG Sheng, WANG Xingdong, YANG Yuchun, LIU Youchun, LIU Cheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 115-125.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.013 Abstract （306）      PDF （2931KB）（314）       Knowledge map    Save To study the physiological response of blueberry to low temperature treatment，screen the evaluation index of cold resistance and comprehensively evaluate the cold resistance of blueberry varieties，one‑year‑old shoots of five varieties of blueberry，Blomidon，Northland，Bluecrop，Misty and Choice，were selected as materials. The relative electrical conductivity，peroxidase（POD） activity，superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity，malondialdehyde（MDA） and free proline content were studied under low temperature treatment（-10，-15，-20，-25，-30，-35，-40℃）.The content of soluble sugar，reducing sugar，soluble protein，starch，cellulose，fructose，glucose，sucrose，total water，free water were detemined，and bound water content，free water content/total water content and bound water content/total water content were calculated. The cold resistance of different blueberry varieties was evaluated by principal component analysis. The results showed that with the decrease of temperature，the relative electrical conductivity and MDA content of shoots of five blueberry varieties increased gradually，showing an“S”shaped curve；POD activity and SOD activity showed a unimodal trend；The content of free proline increased gradually.Blomidon，Northland and Bluecrop had higher soluble total sugar，reducing sugar，glucose，fructose，sucrose，starch，cellulose and soluble protein contents；The total water content，free water content and free water content/total water content of Blomidon were lower；The total water content，free water content and free water content/total water content of Misty were higher，and bound water content/total water content was lower. Relative electrical conductivity，MDA，soluble protein，reducing sugar，soluble total sugar，fructose，free water，bound water content and POD activity could be used as indicators to evaluate the cold resistance of blueberry varieties. Through comprehensive analysis，the cold resistance of the five blueberry varieties tested was determined to be Blomidon，Northland，Bluecrop，Choice and Misty in order from strong to weak. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic and Quality Traits of 48 Germplasm Resources of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. WANG Xiaojie, LI Meixia, TAO Lei, ZHANG Bo, HE Xinru, MI Jia, DAI Guoli, XU Wendi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 78-90.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.008 Abstract （1016）      PDF （3738KB）（295）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the genetic diversity of 18 phenotypic and quality traits（15 quantitative traits and 3 qualitative traits）of 48 germplasm resources of L.ruthenicum Murr.，descriptive statistics analysis，principal component analysis，correlation analysis and clustering analysis were performed.The results showed that the germplasm resources of L.ruthenicum Murr.were rich in genetic diversity.The genetic diversity index of quantitative traits was 1.431—2.095，and the variation coefficient was 19%—189%.The highest diversity index was longitudinal diameter of fruit，followed by transverse diameter of fruit，branch diameter，branch length，number of ripe fruits per branch and leaf width；The genetic diversityindex of quality traits was 0.745—1.007，the fruit shape had the highest diversity index，the diversity index of leaf shape was 0. 948，fruit color diversity index was 0.745.The results of the first six principal component analysis showed that longitudinal diameter of fruit，fruit color，leaf area，anthocyanin content，transverse diameter of fruit and branch diameter could be used as the main indexes to reflect the yield and quality of L.ruthenicum Murr.，with a cumulative contribution rate of 80.09%.The correlation analysis found that 15 pairs of traits reached the highly significant correlation level（P<0.01），and 14 pairs were positively correlated and 1 pair was negatively correlated，transverse diameter of fruit，average single fresh fruit weight and number of blades showed very significant positive correlation between each other（P<0.01），anthocyanin content，fruit color and number of ripe fruits per branch also showed very significant positive correlation between each other（P<0. 01），fruit stalk length and fruit shape，fruit color，anthocyanins concentration and branch diameter showed significant negative correlation（P<0. 01）.Based on genetic differences of traits between germplasms，48 germplasm resources were clustered into 6 categories，and the clustering results had a strong correlation with the distribution of sample communities.In conclusion，the genetic diversity of main phenotypic and quality traits in 48 germplasm resources of L.ruthenicum Murr.is rich. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Soybean and Maize Stubbles on Bacterial Community Structure and Function in Winter Wheat Rhizosphere Soil GUO Hui, LIAN Yanhao, ZHAO Zhibo, REN Yongzhe, WANG Zhiqiang, LIN Tongbao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (7): 79-89.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.07.009 Abstract （1515）      PDF （3686KB）（294）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the differences in the effects of maize stubble and soybean stubble in the Huang‑Huai‑Hai area，in 2023，rhizosphere soil samples at the jointing stage of winter wheat were collected under the conditions of long‑term positioning test fields for up to 4 years（2019—2023）.The responses of rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure and function to no nitrogen application（N0）and conventional nitrogen application（N240，pure nitrogen 240 kg/ha） were studied by using 16S high‑throughput sequencing technology combined with Tax4Fun2 function prediction analysis in the jointing stage of winter wheat under maize（M）stubble and soybean（S）stubble，respectively.There were four treatments（MN0，SN0，MN240，SN240）in total.The results showed that，at the phylum level，Proteobacteria，Acidobacteria，Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteriota were the dominant rhizosphere bacteria of winter wheat with a relative abundance of 66.66%—69.56%.Under N0 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in S stubble was significantly increased by 19.10% compared with that in M stubble（P<0.05），and under N240 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in S stubble was significantly increased by 11.90% compared with that in M stubble（P<0.05）.At the order level，Vicinamibacterales and Burkholderiales were the dominant bacteria with a relative abundance of 18.42%—19.68%. Under N0 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of Vicinamibacterales in S stubble was significantly reduced by 13.69% compared with that in M stubble（P<0.05）；The relative abundance of Burkholderiales was increased significantly by 11.31%（P<0.05）.Through the Tax4Fun2 function prediction and the KEGG data comparison，it was found that there were significant differences in the relative abundance of seven functional pathways under the metabolism category under N0 nitrogen application rate（P<0.05），and correlation analysis further revealed that there was a significant correlation between Vicinamibacterales and Burkholderiales and amino acid metabolism pathways（P<0.01）.There were 26 functional genes involved in soil nitrogen cycling pathway in winter wheat soil bacteria，and the relative abundance of denitrification functional genes accounted for the largest proportion.Under N0 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of denitrification functional genes norB，norC and nirS in M stubble was significantly higher than that in S stubble（P<0.05）.In conclusion，the stubble causes the soil bacterial community structure of winter wheat to change under different amount of nitrogen. Different stubble affects the nitrogen metabolism function of bacterial community by changing the structure of rhizosphere soil bacterial community. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle（UAV）Remote Sensing in the Study of Potato Field Phenotype LI Min, GUO Leifeng, WANG Ruili Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 24-32.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.003 Abstract （318）      PDF （1295KB）（280）       Knowledge map    Save As one of the four major food crops in the world，potato plays a crucial role in ensuring global food security.Fast and accurate acquisition of potato phenotype information in large‑scale farmland is the basic guarantee for its refined management.By systematically expounding the composition and basic working principle of UAV remote sensing，this paper comprehensively combs and reviews the application status and progress of UAV remote sensing in potato field phenotype research，summarizes the existing shortcomings and prospects the future development direction，in order to provide theoretical supports and scientific references for the follow‑up in‑depth research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Drought Stress on Photosynthesis and Physiological Characteristics of Platycodon grandiflorum XIN Longfei, LOU Chuang, JI Baoyi, LIU Hongyun, ZHANG Yanling Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 69-77.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.008 Abstract （248）      PDF （1883KB）（277）       Knowledge map    Save Two‑year‑old Platycodon grandiflorum was used to explore the effects of drought stress on its photosynthesis and physiological characteristics.The response of P.grandiflorum to different degree of drought stress was analyzed by measuring the photosynthetic and physiological characteristics under different soil moisture conditions.The soil relative water content was 80%（control），60%（mild drought），40%（moderate drought）and 20%（severe drought），respectively.The findings suggested that the net photosynthetic rate，stomatal conductance，intercellular CO2 concentration，light saturation point，apparent quantum yield and dark respiration rate of P.grandiflorum leaves decreased gradually with the increasing degree of drought stress.The light compensation point increased gradually.When the soil relative water content was 20%，the highest light compensation point achieved 74.45 μmol/（m2·s），which increased by 67.76% compared with the control.However，the content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves increased first and then decreased with the increasing degree of drought stress.The contents of chlorophyll a，chlorophyll b and carotenoids were the highest under soil relative water content of 60%，which increased by 18.71%，28.48%，and 12.25% respectively compared with the control.Moreover，the contents of malondialdehyde，proline，soluble sugar and soluble protein in P.grandiflorum increased with the increasing degree of drought stress.The catalase activity in P.grandiflorum leaves enhanced first and then weakened.The activity was the highest when the soil relative water content was 40%，which was 21.01% higher than that of the control.In summary，P.grandiflorum showed adaptability to mild and moderate drought.The accumulation of osmotic adjustment substances and the increase of antioxidant enzyme activity were the key physiological response processes of drought tolerance of P.grandiflorum.However，the lipid peroxidation of P.grandiflorum was aggravated under severe drought stress，and the photosynthetic productivity decreased significantly，which eventually led to serious inhibition of the growth of P.grandiflorum.To maintain the normal growth of P.grandiflorum，soil relative water content should not be lower than 40% for a long time. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Color Fruit Bags on Berry Russet and Quality of Shine Muscat Grape during Ripening LOU Yusui, SHANG Hongquan, FAN Hongjie, LI Zheng, ZHANG Ke, CUI Xiaoyue, LÜ Zhongwei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 105-114.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.012 Abstract （192）      PDF （2062KB）（276）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of different color fruit bags on berry russet and quality of Shine Muscat grape were studied to lay the foundation for selecting suitable fruit bags to produce high quality fruit.Ten‑year‑old Shine Muscat grapevines were used as materials.Five different color fruit bag treatments were set to compare the changes of berry russet rate and fruit quality during ripening.No bagging clusters were as the control.Results showed that the berry russet rate of Shine Muscat increased first and then stabilized with the process of fruit maturity.The berry russet rate reached a high level for the control，red bag，white bag，blue bag，green bag，and black bag at 97 d，107 d，107 d，107 d，122 d，and 107 d after full bloom，respectively. At this time，the berry russet rate was 19.47% for the control，12.48% for red bag，12.42% for white bag，9.62% for blue bag，7.59% for green bag，and 0.84% for black bag.The control and blue bag treatment had a higher peel brightness than other treatments，while the black bag had a lower peel brightness than other treatments.Berry weight of the control and treatments of white bag and blue bag reached the maximum at 107 d after full bloom，while berry weight of other treatments reached the maximum at 122 d after full bloom.The white bag had the highest berry weight at all，which was 15.57 g，followed by blue bag.The control and treatments of white bag and black bag had a higher berry firmness than other treatments，while the treatments of green bag and blue bag had a lower berry firmness than other treatments.The total soluble solids（TSS）content and TSS/titratable acid（TA）of the control and treatments of white bag，blue bag and red bag were higher than other treatments，and the TSS content reached 18% or above at 97 d after full bloom. The TSS content of the treatments of green bag and black bag reached 18% or above at 107 d after full bloom. In conclusion，the blue bag can be a good choice for producing high quality fruit，which could decrease berry russet rate significantly and has little effects on fruit quality. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Polyphenol Oxidase‑Producing Strains in Improving the Quality of Cigar Tobacco Leaves PAN Yong, WU Qiaoyin, LI Linlin, SHI Youzhi, TAN Zaiyu, ZHANG Juan, WANG Jian Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 173-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004?3268.2023.09.018 Abstract （143）      PDF （3661KB）（275）       Knowledge map    Save In order to better coordinate the content of polyphenols in cigar tobacco leaves（CTLs）and improve the sensory quality of CTLs，polyphenol oxidase‑producing strains were obtained by specific screening of the degradation ability of chlorogenic acid，and they were applied to the fermentation of CTLs.With the determination of volatiles and sensory quality analysis of fermented CTLs，the mechanism of improving the quality of cigar tobacco leaves by polyphenol oxidase‑producing strains was studied.The results showed that three strains（C1，C2 and C3） could degrade chlorogenic acid，and the enzyme activities of three strains produced polyphenol oxidase were 116.67，41.67 and 141.67 U/mL，respectively.The application of polyphenol oxidase‑producing strains to cigar fermentation could enrich the aroma type of CTLs，reduce miscellaneous gas，improve the sensory quality and improve the industrial availability of CTLs，among which the aroma quality，aroma amount，miscellaneous gas and permeability of CTLs inoculated with strain C2 were the most obviously improved. The content of Maillard reaction products such as 2，6‑dimethyl‑pyrazine and 2，5‑dimethyl‑pyrazine，fatty acid degradation products such as ethyl nonanoate and 3‑methylvaleric acid and aromatic amino acid degradation products such as benzyl alcohol，benzaldehyde and ethyl phenylacetate increased in fermented CTLs.The degradation of polyphenols could increase the precursors of Maillard reaction and aromatic amino acids degradation products，and promote the transformation of Maillard reaction products and aromatic amino acid degradation products.At the same time，the oxidative degradation of polyphenols reduced the inhibition of microbial metabolism and growth，which led to the accumulation of ethyl acetate in fermented CTLs.In summary，polyphenol oxidase‑producing strains could increase the contents of Maillard reaction products and aromatic amino acid degradation products and improve the sensory quality of cigar tobacco leaves. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and Evaluation of Comprehensive Traits of Wheat Varieties in Henan Province Consortium Experiment ZHANG Huifang, YAN Zhaoling, LIU Haijiao, DUAN Junzhi, CHEN Haiyan, GUO Yan, WANG Nan, YANG Cuiping, QI Hongzhi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (7): 35-43.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.07.005 Abstract （253）      PDF （1254KB）（274）       Knowledge map    Save Consortium experiment is a new measure to broaden the channels of crop variety approval experiment under the current agricultural situation in China.In order to deeply understand the experiment capacity of wheat consortium experiment in Henan Province and master the agronomic traits and quality traits of its varieties，comparative analysis and evaluation were conducted between the consortium experiment varieties and the provincial unified experiment varieties，based on the wheat varieties approved by Henan Province in the past three years（2021—2023）.The results showed that Henan Province approved a total of 355 wheat varieties from 2021 to 2023，including 187 consortium experiment varieties.The consortium experiment capacity showed an upward trend，and the proportion of varieties increased from 48.3% in 2021 to 61.2% in 2023.The consortium experimental group was single，mainly including winter wheat‑irrigation group. In the winter wheat‑irrigation group，when applicants independently applied for varieties，the proportion of universities and research institutes through consortium experiment channel was higher than that through provincial unified experiment channel，and individual applicants were more inclined to provincial unified experiment channel.Compared with the provincial unified experiment，the difference of agronomic traits of the consortium experiment wheat was larger at the early stage and smaller at the later stage. Among the 7 agronomic traits，5 traits were significantly or extremely significantly different in 2021，and 2 traits were significantly different in 2023.The difference of quality traits was relatively smaller，but also showed the rule of large at the early stage and small at the late stage. Among the 7 quality traits，2 traits were significantly different in 2021，and there was no significant difference in 2023.The variation coefficient and diversity of agronomic and quality traits of the consortium experiment varieties were greater than those of provincial unified experiment varieties. Principal component analysis was used to transform 14 agronomic and quality traits into 7 principal components，which reflected 81.51% of the original information.The evaluation results based on principal component analysis showed that among the top 50 varieties with comprehensive scores，the varieties with higher comprehensive scores in the wheat consortium experiment accounted for a relatively smaller proportion of all varieties.In 2021 and 2023，there were 5 and 14 varieties respectively，accounting for 9.3% and 17.9% of all consortium experiment varieties.The varieties with higher comprehensive scores in the provincial unified experiment accounted for a relatively larger proportion of all varieties，with 4 and 5 in 2021 and 2023，respectively，accounting for 19.0% and 35.7% of all provincial unified experiment varieties.In summary，the capacity of Henan wheat consortium experiment is constantly increasing，and the dispersion of agronomic and quality traits is relatively larger；The gap of comprehensive scores of varieties between the consortium experiment and the provincial unified experiment is narrowing；Relevant departments can adjust and optimize the consortium experimental group according to the market in the future，focus on the issues of consortium experiment channel，and promote the high‑quality development of the consortium experiment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Sowing and Irrigation Methods on Seedling Emergence，Dry Matter Accumulation，Transport and Yield of Summer Maize YANG Mingda, ZHANG Suyu, LI Shuai, ZHENG Dongfang, YANG Shenjiao, GUAN Xiaokang, WANG Tongchao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (1): 22-31.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.01.003 Abstract （309）      PDF （1989KB）（271）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of different sowing and irrigation methods［conventional sowing under surface drip irrigation（DI），deep sowing under subsurface drip irrigation（SDI）and conventional sowing under surface irrigation（CK）］on the seedling emergence，dry matter accumulation，transport and yield of summer maize were explored，so as to select suitable sowing and irrigation methods for field production.The results showed that under 40 mm irrigation after sowing，the soil moisture under SDI treatment could move up to the seed bed layer and penetrate down to 80 cm from the surface.The soil water content in the 5—10 and 10—20 cm soil layers reached 68.69% and 75.35% of the field capacity，respectively.The range of wetted soil was above 60 cm of soil layer for CK and DI treatments.SDI treatment significantly prolonged the seedling emergence time of summer maize，resulting in a significant decrease in leaf area and dry matter weight per plant at seedling stage than other treatments，but its seedling emergence rate did not significantly decrease. Under irrigation conditions during the growth period，compared with CK，SDI treatment reduced the soil water content of 0—20 cm soil layer at the late jointing and early filling stages，but increased the soil water content of 40—120 cm soil layers.DI treatment increased the soil water content of upper and middle soil layers at the late jointing stage and the whole profile at the early filling stage when compared to CK. Compared with CK，SDI and DI treatments could not only promote pre‑anthesis dry matter transport，but also improve the leaf area index and aboveground dry matter accumulation at anthsis and filling stages.Finally，SDI and DI treatments improved aboveground dry matter accumulation at maturity，yield and water use efficiency by 8.51%，11.22%，11.41% and 6.18%，6.38%% ，9.94%，respectively.SDI treatment increased the grain number per ear and yield compared with DI treatment，but the difference in water use efficiency between the two treatments was not significant.In sum，deep sowing under subsurface drip irrigation did not significantly affect the seedling emergence rate of summer maize.Moreover，deep sowing under subsurface drip irrigation could increase the soil water content in the middle and lower layers，which was beneficial for the increase of pre‑anthesis dry matter transport amount，post‑anthesis leaf area index and aboveground dry matter accumulation，and finally obtained the highest yield and water use efficiency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Nitrogen Inhibitors HUANG Boxuan, ZHENG Cangsong, SUN Miao, SHAO Jingjing, FENG Weina, LI Pengcheng, DONG Helin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.001 Abstract （481）      PDF （1303KB）（269）       Knowledge map    Save Nitrogen inhibitors have the advantages of increasing crop yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency，and reducing nitrogen application costs and environmental pollution risks，providing a technological pathway for the green and efficient development of modern agriculture.They mainly included nitrification inhibitors and urease inhibitors.This article summarized the research and development history，mechanism of action，and application effects of nitrification inhibitors and urease inhibitors，and prospected their future research directions，in order to provide reference for the development and utilization of nitrogen inhibitors. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Spatio‑Temporal Variation of Climatic Suitability of Sesame Planting in Henan Province HU Feng, ZHANG Jiantao, ZHANG Jie, GAO Tongmei, ZHAO Qiaoli, ZHENG Guoqing, LI Guoqiang, LIU Lijie Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 56-68.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.007 Abstract （1004）      PDF （3493KB）（267）       Knowledge map    Save This study aimed to clarify the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the climatic suitability of sesame in Henan Province and to guide the layout of sesame production by establishing climate suitability models for sesame growth using fuzzy mathematics method based on the light，temperature，and water requirements of sesame.The temperature，light，precipitation，and comprehensive climate suitability of sesame were calculated using the daily meteorological data of 15 meteorological stations in Henan from 1961 to 2019.The results showed that temperature suitability（0.938—0.956）was higher than light suitability（0.568—0.657）and precipitation suitability（0.492—0.595）of sesame in 15 stations in Henan Province，and the comprehensive climate suitability was 0.641—0.712.From 1961 to 2019，the light and comprehensive climate suitability of sesame in Henan Province showed asignificant downward trend，decreasing by 0.032 and 0.012 every 10 years.The change trends of temperature and precipitation suitability were not significant.The light，precipitation，and comprehensive climate suitability decreased gradually from north to south，while the temperature suitability increased gradually from northwest to southeast. The findings suggest that the temperature suitability of Henan sesame is higher and the heat resources are rich，the light suitability is gradually decreasing and not conducive to the growth of sesame，the precipitation suitability is the lowest，and precipitation is the main climatic factor that restricts the production of sesame in Henan.In the production of Henan sesame，it is of great significance to consolidate the advantages of traditional sesame producing areas such as Zhumadian and Zhoukou in southeastern Henan，expand the planting range of high climate suitability areas such as northern and eastern Henan，improve the irrigation and drainage facilities to improve the utilization rate of sesame climate resources and ensure the stable yield and yield increase of Henan sesame. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Integration of Multi‑Source Remote Sensing Data and Temporal Spectral Features of Growth Stages for Rice Planting Area Extraction ZHENG Zirui, ZHAO Huijie, WEI Panpan, FANG Peng, WANG Laigang, XU Shaobo Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (10): 153-161.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.10.016 Abstract （202）      PDF （8916KB）（263）       Knowledge map    Save To fast and effective extraction of rice spatial distribution information，this study proposed a simple and practical time‑series pixels frequency constraint model（TPFCM） based on the spectral variation pattern of rice development using optical and radar images during the growth period of rice.Firstly，the median synthesis method was used to synthesize Sentinel‑2，Landsat‑8，and Sentinel‑1 as monthly data，and the synthesized Sentinel‑2 and Landsat‑8 were fused to reduce the influence of cloud shadow on rice image pixels，and the feature spectral bands of the three fusion images were selected to calculate the normalized vegetation index（NDVI），enhanced vegetation index（EVI）and land surface water index（LSWI）to create monthly multi‑dimensional feature images.Secondly，the random forest classifier was used to initially extract the rice area within the five important development stages，and input into the TPFCM model to calculate the frequency of rice pixels within each stage in the growth period.Finally，the model was controlled to output the optimal rice spatial distribution information based on the pre‑extraction accuracy and area error threshold conditions.The results showed that the TPFCM model output -3.83% of rice planting area error，which was 3.94 percentage points less than that of single‑phase rice extraction area error by comparing the absolute values，and the correlation between the extracted area and statistical reference area was significant（R2=0.97）. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Effect of Organic Carbon on the Formation of Soil Aggregates ZHOU Jiahao, CHU Junjie, SUN Wanchun, ZOU Ping, YU Qiaogang, MA Junwei, YANG Jun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (11): 10-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.11.002 Abstract （540）      PDF （10408KB）（263）       Knowledge map    Save Soil organic carbon（SOC），as an important substance involved in biogeochemical cycles，plays an important role in the formation and stability of soil aggregates.The definition，characteristics and formation theory of soil aggregates were reviewed，the turnover process of SOC in aggregates was analyzed，and the role and influence of SOC quantity，SOC structure，microbial residue carbon and SOC loss in the formation of soil aggregates were reviewed.Suggestions on the cultivation of healthy soil were put forward from the perspective of the synergistic relationship between soil carbon sink and aggregates，and the future research direction of soil aggregates was prospected in order to provide reference for the sustainable development of soil resources. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Temperature and Light Conditions on Yield and Quality of Indica Rice under Different Sowing Dates FAN Yifan, ZHANG Yanyan, WANG Yimei, LI Junzhou, DU Yanxiu, SUN Hongzheng, PENG Ting, ZHAO Quanzhi, ZHANG Jing Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (2): 17-27.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.002 Abstract （267）      PDF （1668KB）（263）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the temperature and light conditions for high yield and high quality of indica rice in southern Henan，a field experiment was conducted with three indica rice varieties（Zhaoyou 5431，Zhongzheyou 8 and Yliangyou 900） as experimental materials. The accumulated temperature，accumulated light time and accumulated light intensity of indica rice from heading to maturity under different sowing dates of April 15（T1），April 30（T2），May 15（T3），May 30（T4）and June 14（T5）were analyzed for two consecutive years，and the rice yield，milling quality，appearance quality，nutritional quality and cooking quality were analyzed.The redundancy analysis（RDA）of the effect of temperature and light factors on the quality of indica rice under different sowing dates was carried out，and the key environmental factors affecting the quality of rice in southern Henan were found through the interpretation rate of temperature and light factors. The results showed that with the delay of sowing date，the yield，milling quality and nutritional quality of the three indica rice varieties increased first and then decreased.In the two years，the yield of T2 treatment was the highest，the milling quality，appearance quality and cooking quality were better，and the yield and quality of T5 treatment were the worst. Among them，in 2019，the yield of T2 treatment increased by 129.4% compared with T5 treatment，the head milled rice rate increased by 32.1%，the chalkiness degree and chalky grain rate decreased by 69.8% and 69.9%，respectively，and the amylose content decreased by 13.7%. In 2020，the yield of T2 treatment increased by 271.0% compared with T5 treatment，the head milled rice rate increased by 83.9%，the chalkiness degree and chalky grain rate decreased by 85.2% and 77.6%，respectively，and the amylose content decreased by 19.2%. The protein content of rice was the highest under T3 treatment，which was 13.6% and 20.0% higher than that under T5 treatment in 2019 and 2020，respectively. There was no significant difference in quality indexes between T2 and T3 treatments.The yield of Yliangyou 900 under T2 treatment was the highest in both years，and its quality was better. The accumulated temperature，accumulated light time and accumulated light intensity of the three varieties from heading to maturity decreased with the delay of sowing date. The accumulated temperature and accumulated light time of Yliangyou 900 decreased the most，and the decrease of Zhaoyou 5431 and Zhongzheyou 8 was similar.RDA and interpretation rate analysis showed that the temperature and light factors from heading to mature stage were the main environmental factors that caused the difference of rice quality，and the accumulated light time of 10—20 days after heading was the most important ecological factor affecting rice quality. In summary，the yield of indica rice in southern Henan is the highest when sown on April 30，and the quality is better. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Light Weight Detection Algorithm for Apple Surface Defect Based on Improved YOLOv7 LI Dahua, KONG Shu, LI Dong, YU Xiao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (3): 141-150.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.015 Abstract （1172）      PDF （4276KB）（261）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at how to improve the detection speed and accuracy of apple surface defects and solve the problem of large model memory ratio，a lightweight detection algorithm for apple surface defects based on improved YOLOv7 was proposed. Firstly，GhostNetV2 was introduced as the backbone of YOLOv7 network，which effectively reduced the model complexity and improved the detection speed.SimAM attention‐free mechanism was introduced to enhance the feature information of different depth.The bidirectional weighted feature pyramid BiFPN was used for weighted feature fusion to further improve the detection accuracy of apple surface defects.Finally，the ECIOU loss function was used to calculate the boundary frame loss，which further improved the convergence speed and the overall performance of the model.Experimental results showed that compared with the original YOLOv7 network，the improved model improved the apple surface defect detection mAP@0.5 by 2 percentage points，the accuracy rate and recall rate by 1.7 and 3.9 percentage points respectively. The model decreased by 20.8 MB and the speed increased by 36.43 FPS.Its comprehensive performance was also better than SSD，CenterNet and other mainstream algorithms，which can realize the rapid and accurate diagnosis of apple surface defects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mature Characteristics of Fresh Tobacco and Quality of Cured Tobacco for One‑time Plucking of Six Middle Tobacco Leaves LI Sijun, ZHENG Hongbin, BI Yiming, JIANG Zhimin, TIAN Yunong, HAO Xianwei , ZHANG Cheng, HOU Jianlin, WU Wenxin, ZHU Lin, DENG Xiaohua Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (10): 30-39.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.10.004 Abstract （161）      PDF （2973KB）（259）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the suitable maturity characteristics for one‑time harvesting of flue‑cured tobacco middle leaves，Xiangyan No. 7 was used as material，three harvesting time treatments of low maturity（M1，customary harvesting），medium maturity（M2，7 d delay in harvesting）and high maturity（M3，14 d delay in harvesting）were designed to carry out one‑time harvesting of six middle tobacco leaves with different maturity in Guiyang，Hunan Province. The appearance quality，chemical components，smoking quality and economic character of flue‑cured tobacco were comprehensively evaluated.The result showed that with the increase in maturity，the SPAD values of fresh tobacco leaves of Xiangyan No.7 in M2 and M3 decreased by 6.48％ and 14.11% compared with M1，respectively. Greenish tobacco decreased，and variegated tobacco increased，and the variegated ratios of M2 and M3 treatments were 2.54 and 7.80 percentage points higher than that of M1 treatment，respectively.M2 was more coordinated in chemical components. The total scores of the flue‑cured tobacco appearance quality and smoking quality were the best in M2.The fine tobacco ratio in M2 treatment was 3.29 percentage points higher than that in M1 treatment，and that in M3 was 14.01 percentage points lower than that in M1 treatment.The average price of M2 treatment was 1.01% higher than that of M1 treatment，and that of M3 treatment was 10.35% lower than that of M1 treatment.The one‑time harvest of six tobacco leaves in the middle part of flue‑cured tobacco should be delayed by seven days compared with the local customary harvest.The suitable harvest mature characteristics are as follows：1/5—1/2 leaf surface turns yellow，2/3 main vein turns white to full white，1/3 or more branch vein turns white，leaf edge curls，most of the hairs fall off，no or a small amount of mature spot occurs，leaf surface wrinkles.The SPAD value for one‑time harvest of six flue‑cured tobacco leaves is 21.51—28.86. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics