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Analysis of Yunnan Black Tea Aroma Characteristics Based on HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS and OAV DING Qihuan, DENG Min, SHI Dekang, SU Jianmei, GU Chonglin, LI Sijin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (4): 167-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.017 Abstract （360）      PDF （3949KB）（2854）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the aroma characteristics of Yunnan black tea from different production areas in Yunnan,12 tea samples from four production areas,namely,Simao in Puer,Changning in Baoshan,Menghai in Xishuangbanna and Fengqing in Lincang，were selected as materials.The headspace‐solid phase microextraction(HS‐SPME)combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry(GC‐MS)was used to separate and identify the volatile components of Yunnan black tea from different production areas on a DB‐WAX column，and the volatile components of Yunnan black tea were analysed by using aroma activity value(OAV)combined with chemometrics to determine the volatiles composition and aroma characteristics of Yunnan black tea from different production areas.The results showed that a total of 143 volatile substances，mainly alcohols，aldehydes，esters and olefins，were identified in Yunnan black tea from different production areas，and 50 substances(OAV≥1)contributing to the flavor of Yunnan black tea were screened out with the help of OAV，among which linalool and β‐ionone had a prominent position in OAV，and were important for the composition of the flavour of Yunnan black tea from different production areas.By using orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis(OPLS‐DA),combined with variable importance projection(VIP),43 differential markers were screened(VIP≥1).Based on the results of OAV and OPLS‐DA，12 characteristic differential substances of Yunnan black tea were screened：2‐methyl butyraldehyde， benzaldehyde， heptaldehyde，Z‐hex‐3‐en‐1‐ol，methyl 2‐(methylamino)benzoate，dihydroactinidolide，D‐limonene,(E)‐3，7‐dimethylocta‐1,3,6‐triene，β‐ionone，α -lonone，dihydro‐β‐ionone，and P‐cymene.Z‐hex‐3‐en‐1‐ol contributed prominently to the clear aroma of black tea from Changning production area；dihydroactinidolide and dihydro‐β‐ionone contributed prominently to the floral and fruity aroma of Menghai production area，and heptaldehyde contributed prominently to the fruity aroma of Fengqing production area.Further analysis showed that the Yunnan black tea aroma types of the four production areas were mainly floral and fruity.Combined with the cluster analysis，Changning and Fengqing production areas had floral and sweet aroma，and the fruity aroma was stronger，absence of honey notes；and the differentiated compounds of Simao and Menghai production areas were more diverse，and the composite aroma was obvious，which involved the sweet aroma，honey aroma，grassy aroma，clear aroma and fat aroma. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Impact of Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Respiration ZHU Leyang, ZHANG Xizhe, TAO Jiang, WANG Xiu, HAN Yanying, YE Yanhui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (10): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.001 Abstract （721）      PDF （1280KB）（2199）       Knowledge map    Save Nitrogen deposition，as a critical ecological factor in the soil ecosystem，significantly affects the structure and function of ecosystems.To systematically elucidate the impact of nitrogen deposition on soil respiration，the effects of nitrogen deposition on soil root respiration，soil microorganism respiration，soil animal respiration and chemical oxidation of soil carbon⁃containing minerals were reviewed，and the specific effects of different nitrogen deposition gradients on soil respiration were analyzed.In order to provide a theoretical reference for subsequent in⁃depth monitoring and research of soil respiration and related life activities，the future research directions in the field of soil respiration were prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Application in Livestock，Poultry and Aquaculture Production of Bacillus subtilis and Its Effect on  Intestinal Health of Animals FENG Lili Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.001 Abstract （668）      PDF （1361KB）（2192）       Knowledge map    Save Bacillus subtilis can form spores，has strong resistance and good stability，and has several advantages compared with conventional probiotics.Bacillus subtilis can be used as a microecological agent in livestock，poultry and aquaculture production，and has positive impact on animal production performance via improvement of digestion and absorption.Bacillus subtilis can improve meat quality，enhance immunity and regulate intestinal health.The biological characteristics of Bacillus subtilis，the application in livestock，poultry and aquaculture production and the impact on intestinal health were reviewed in this paper，so as to provide reference for further development and utilization of Bacillus subtilis microecologics for feeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Alleviating Continuous Cropping Obstacles by Allium L.Plants GUO Jianing, LI Nannan, LI Kun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 11-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.002 Abstract （717）      PDF （1333KB）（1809）       Knowledge map    Save Soil continuous cropping obstacles commonly occur in many plants，such as grain crops，fruit trees，vegetables，Chinese herbal medicines and others，restricting the healthy and sustainable development of the industry.Intercropping，rotation and relay intercropping are important agricultural management measures，and they can regulate the microecological environment of rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping，reducing the harm of continuous cropping.Allium L.plants contain various biologically active components such as organic sulfur compounds，saponins，flavonoids，and other compounds.They are often used as an intercropping，rotation or relay intercropping crop to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles.This paper expounded the alleviative effects of Allium L.plants on continuous cropping obstaces，and the alleviating mechanism of Allium L.plants on continuous cropping obstacles was discussed from photosynthetic characteristics，antioxidant enzyme activity，root exudate characteristics and soil nutrients，enzyme activity and microorganisms quantity and community structure.The components contained in root exudates and plant volatiles of Allium L.plants were analyzed.Finally，the research direction of mechanisms of Allium L.plants alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and the development of active substances were proposed，which laid a theoretical foundation for further application of Allium L.plants in alleviating continuous cropping obstacles. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Intercropping Promoting Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization WU Xin, BI Jiayu, GE Yingtong, HE Yangfa, WANG Yuyun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.001 Abstract （569）      PDF （1931KB）（1657）       Knowledge map    Save The application of phosphate fertilizer and mineral weathering are the main sources of soil phosphorus，but the low utilization rate of phosphorus and the limited ability of crops to absorb and utilize phosphorus lead to the accumulation of soil phosphorus，which limits the growth of crops.Intercropping system can improve soil phosphorus availability.The effects of intercropping on phosphorus utilization rate were summarized.The mechanism of intercropping to improve soil phosphorus availability was reviewed from three aspects：soil microorganisms，crop roots，and changes in endogenous hormones.It is suggested that in the future，we should focus on the in‑situ characterization of plant root morphology，auxin‑related gene expression，soil microorganisms and related functional genes，in order to provide reference for improving phosphorus utilization rate through intercropping. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Porcine Getah Virus ZHANG Yuyang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 15-22.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.002 Abstract （1546）      PDF （1296KB）（1655）       Knowledge map    Save Getah Virus（GETV） is an emerging insect‑borne pathogen that has caused reproductive disorders in pigs and high mortality in piglets in many countries in recent years，posing a major threat to global animal husbandry and public health. This virus is primarily transmitted by mosquito bites，which can cause widespread infection in pigs and significantly affect reproductive performance and health.In response to the spread of the epidemic，it is urgent to conduct research on genomic characterization and molecular evolution to guide vaccine design and optimize prevention and control strategies.At the same time，it is necessary to clarify the law of GETV transmission through epidemiological investigation and analyze the pathogenic mechanism in order to provide theoretical support for epidemic prevention and control.In addition，improving the accuracy and timeliness of early diagnosis has become a key link in prevention and control.In view of the critical role of early diagnosis in epidemic prevention and control，based on the latest research results，the pathogenic characteristics，epidemiological characteristics，pathogenic mechanism，diagnostic techniques and prevention and control strategies of GETV were systematically discussed，aiming to provide theoretical support for clinical prevention and control，and provide scientific basis for vaccine development，diagnostic technology innovation and prevention and control policy formulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Resistance to Southern Corn Rust and Detection of Resistance Genes in New Summer Corn Varieties in Henan Province WANG Ziming, ZHANG Yuyang, WANG Ziqi, FAN Zhuo, YUAN Hongxia, YANG Xue, LI Honglian, SHI Yan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 107-115.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.011 Abstract （516）      PDF （631KB）（1208）       Knowledge map    Save Southern corn rust resistance of corn varieties participating in regional trials and introduced variety registration trials in Henan Province from 2021 to 2024 was evaluated using a combination of field nurseries and artificial inoculation. Additionally，resistance gene detection was conducted on varieties exhibiting moderate resistance or higher levels in 2023 and 2024，to determine the resistance status of newly bred corn varieties to southern corn rust，and provide a  theoretical basis for breeding and promoting resistant corn cultivars.The results showed that 134，121，87，and 119 corn varieties were tested in the Henan regional trials from 2021 to 2024，respectively.Among them，the proportions of varieties showing moderate or higher resistance to southern corn rust were 36.57%，92.57%，57.47%，and 86.55%，respectively.For the introduced variety registration trials，68，82，43，and 14 corn varieties were tested，and the proportions of varieties showing moderate or higher resistance to southern corn rust were 32.35%，95.12%，51.16%，and 71.43%，respectively，demonstrating a generally consistent trend.However，there were notable year‑to‑year variations in the proportion of resistant and susceptible varieties.In years with southern corn rust epidemics，such as 2021 and 2023，the proportion of resistant varieties was relatively lower.In 2023，resistance genes were detected in varieties showing moderate resistance or higher levels.The results showed that 48.61% of these varieties carried the resistance gene RppC，while RppM was not detected in any of the tested varieties.Furthermore，51.39% of the varieties lacked both RppC and RppM.In 2024，detection of RppC，RppM，and RppK genes in varieties showing moderate resistance or higher levels was conducted.The results showed that RppC had the highest detection ratio of 92.92%，followed by RppK and RppM with the detection ratio of 21.24% and 20.35%，respectively.However，three varieties tested were negative for all three resistance genes.In conclusion，a relatively high proportion of corn varieties evaluated in recent years in Henan Province exhibited resistance to southern corn rust，with an overall increasing trend.The resistance gene RppC continues to play a key role in corn production，while RppK and RppM are beginning to be applied in southern corn rust‑resistant breeding.Further exploration and utilization of additional resistance genes are still needed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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mRNA Vaccines：Research Progress and Applications in Animal Infectious Diseases ZHAI Chongkai, MAO Fuchao, TIAN Wenjing, WANG Conghui, WANG Yingxian, ZHANG Hewei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (5): 10-21.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.05.002 Abstract （768）      PDF （3322KB）（996）       Knowledge map    Save Compared to traditional approaches，RNA vaccines offer advantages such as high safety，good efficacy，and short development cycle，which makes them have unique advantages in the prevention and control of infectious diseases.Currently，mRNA vaccines have made great progress in the prevention and control of COVID‑19，influenza，Ebola，Zika and other human diseases，but the research on mRNA vaccines for animals is still not in‑depth.Therefore，the development of mRNA vaccines for animals to prevent and control infectious diseases in livestock，poultry，and wild animals has become one of the important research directions in the field of animal diseases and public health.This review comprehensively discusses the design，preparation，delivery system，application，advantages，challenges and prospects of mRNA vaccines against animal infectious diseases，to provide valuable insights for the development and research of future animal mRNA vaccines. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Cecal Microbiota Diversity of High‑quality Xinghua Chicken and Gudian Chicken LIANG Shuqi, JIA Shaoyan, LI Ying, XU Wenjie, WU Baozhou, JIA Xinzheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 145-152.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.015 Abstract （233）      PDF （3954KB）（971）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the characteristics of cecal flora in low‑fat（Xinghua chicken）and high‑fat（Gudian chicken）breeds during the fattening and slaughtering stage，10 healthy Xinghua chickens and 10 Gudian chickens at 126 days of age under the same feeding conditions were selected for slaughter determination and comparative analysis.At the same time，five chickens were randomly selected from them for testing，and their cecal contents were collected for analysis of the microbial community structure through 16S rRNA V3—V4 region sequencing.The results showed that both live weight and slaughter weight of Xinghua chickens were significantly lower than those of Gudian chickens，while abdominal fat weight，slaughtering rate，and abdominal fat rate were extremely significantly lower than those of Gudian chickens.α diversity analysis revealed that the richness of gut microbiota in Gudian chickens was higher than in Xinghua chickens，but the difference was not significant，and the diversity of intestinal flora in Gudian chicken was significantly higher than that in Xinghua chicken at the family level.β diversity analysis showed that there were extremely significant differences in the diversity of microbial communities between the two varieties at the genus and family levels. In the analysis of microbial community structure and differences at the phylum level，the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was extemely significantly higher in Gudian chickens than in Xinghua chickens，the relative abundance of Deferribacterota was significantly higher than in Xinghua chickens，and the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota was extremely significantly lower than in Xinghua chickens.In the analysis of microbial community structure and differences at the family level，the abundance of Acidaminococcaceae and Succinivibrionaceae in Gudian chickens was significantly higher than that in Xinghua chickens，while the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae was significantly lower than that in Xinghua chickens.In the analysis of microbial community structure and differences at the genus level，the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and Anaerobiospirillum in Gudian chickens was significantly higher than that in Xinghua chickens，while the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium was significantly lower than that in Xinghua chickens.Through LEfSe differential analysis（LDA>3，P<0.05），8 specific marker bacteria of high‑fat Gudian chicken and 5 specific marker bacteria of low‑fat Xinghua chicken were identified respectively. Among them，the LDA scores of Phascolarctobacterium and Faecalibacterium with high abundance were higher，which may be significantly related to the phenotype of more abdominal fat deposition in high‑fat Gudian chickens and less abdominal fat deposition in low‑fat Xinghua chickens.In summary，microbiome analysis revealed significant differences in the cecal microbiota structure between Xinghua chickens and Gudian chickens，confirming the potential association between characteristic microbiota such as Proteobacteria，Succinivibrionaceae，and Phascolarctobacterium and fat deposition in broiler chickens.This provides a theoretical basis for microbiota improving broiler chicken production performance microbial. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Metabolites Mining and Path Enrichment Analysis of Tigernut Tuber Formation GUO Xiaoyang, LA Guixiao, XU Xinran, YU Yange, DAI Dandan, LI Yanpeng, WANG Yanhong, GUO Hongxia, YANG Tiegang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 30-43.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.004 Abstract （1162）      PDF （4749KB）（899）       Knowledge map    Save In order to dig out the key metabolites in the process of forming tubers by the stolons of tigernut and regulate the stolons to form more tubers，the stolons and new tubers were taken as the research objects，and untargeted metabolomics analysis was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography Abstract：In order to dig out the key metabolites in the process of forming tubers by the stolons of tigernut and regulate the stolons to form more tubers，the stolons and new tubers were taken as the research objects，and untargeted metabolomics analysis was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography combined with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.And then，the differential metabolites related to the formation of tubers were screened by multivariate statistical method，and KEGG metabolic pathways associated with differential metabolites were enriched.The results showed that a total of 1 217 metabolites were detected in unexpanded stolons（PFJ1），expanded stolons（PFJ2）and new tubers（JD1）.According to the conditions of VIP（Variable importance in the projection）>1，P<0.05 and FC（Fold change）>2 or FC<0.5，35 differential metabolites were screened for JD1 vs PFJ1，of which 26 were up‑regulated and nine were down‑regulated；JD1 vs PFJ2 identified 57 differential metabolites，of which 50 were up‑regulated and seven were down‑regulated；PFJ2 vs PFJ1 identified 39 differential metabolites，of which three were up‑regulated and 36 down‑regulated. The metabolites were identified as amino acids and their derivatives，nucleotides and their derivatives，organic oxygen compounds，flavonoids，phenylpropanes，phenols and so on. The relative content analysis of differential metabolites showed that the content of glutathione in JD1 was 14.021 times that in PFJ1 and 29.195 times that in PFJ2.The content of 3‑methy‑L‑histidine in JD1 was 10.463 times that in PFJ1 and 129.931 times that in PFJ2.The content of kaempferol in JD1 was 0.421 times that in PFJ1 and 0.358 times that in PFJ2.KEGG pathway analysis of differentially expressed metabolites was further conducted，and they were mainly concentrated into KEGG pathways such as aminoacyl‑tRNA biosynthesis，arginine and proline metabolism，alanine，aspartic acid and glutamate metabolism，phenylalanine metabolism，flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis.In summary，amino acids and flavonoids were the main metabolites related to the formation of tubers，and the metabolic pathways were mainly concentrated in aminoacyl‑tRNA biosynthesis and flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis.   Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Mepenzolate Compounding with Plant Growth Regulator on Spatiotemporal Distribution of Boll Formation and Endogenous Hormones in Cotton ZHANG Ning, ZHANG Yongli, LIU Yujie, TU Xiaoju, ZHOU Zhonghua, LIU Aiyu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 48-57.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.006 Abstract （459）      PDF （2550KB）（888）       Knowledge map    Save Mepenzolate（DPC）compounding with plant growth regulator can effectively increase cotton yield. To clarify its effect on the law of boll formation in cotton，DPC was selected to be compounded with sodium nitroprusside（CSN），brassinolide（BR），sodium naphthylacetate（SNA），and phthalanilic acid（PHA），and a single application of DPC was used as the control. Three sprays were carried out at the budding stage，the pre⁃boll stage and the peak boll stage，and the effects of different compound combinations on the canopy structure，spatiotemporal distribution of boll formation，endogenous hormones，and yield were analyzed.The results showed that compared with the control，the compound treatment increased the leaf area index of cotton at the flowering boll stage，resulting in a significant decrease in the light transmittance of the lower canopy. The compound treatment increased the average growth rate of each reproductive organ and increased the number of flocculent bolls，and the number of cotton bolls increased by 35. 88%—46. 76% compared with the control. The compound treatment had a great effect on the vertical distribution of cotton bolls，the boll proportion in the lower part decreased compared with the control，but it increased the proportion of bolls in the middle and upper parts.The contents of indole acetic acid（IAA）and abscisic acid（ABA）in leaves could be reduced by compound treatment 10 days after the first application，and the gibberellins（GA3）content of DPC compounding with BR was significantly higher than that of the control at 30 days after application，and the compound treatment could significantly regulate the increase of zeatin riboside（ZR）content. Compared with the control，the boll formation rate of the compound treatment was significantly increased by 9.97%—16.85%，the number of bolls per hectare was significantly increased by 9.20%—17.22%，and the lint yield was significantly increased by 10.33%—22.30%. In conclusion，DPC compound treatment optimizes the spatiotemporal distribution of boll formation by regulating cotton endogenous hormones，which significantly increases the boll rate and thus increases cotton yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Current Status and Research Progress on the Resource Utilization of Spent Mushroom Substrate in Edible Fungi Cultivation ZHANG Chaohui, LIU Yang, ZHANG Guang, WANG Zhenhe, QIU Liyou Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 1-14.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.001 Abstract （508）      PDF （5411KB）（816）       Knowledge map    Save Edible fungi cultivation is the fifth‑largest planting industry in China and an important pillar for rural revitalization.When the edible fungi industry is developing rapidly，a large amount of spent mushroom substrate（SMS）is generated.A lot of SMS is casually discarded or incinerated，resulting in serious environmental pollution and resource waste.Therefore，the issue of the resource‑based utilization of SMS has received widespread attention.Based on the analysis of the source，physical and chemical properties，and nutritional components of SMS，this paper comprehensively reviews the current situation and research progress of the resource‑based utilization of SMS.This includes SMS being used as energy materials，for the production of bio‑fertilizers，for improving the soil environment，for the extraction of bioactive substances，and for the manufacture of composite materials，etc.It also points out the existing problems in the utilization of SMS.Combining with the development status of the edible fungi industry，this paper looks ahead to the comprehensive utilization of SMS，aiming to increase the utilization rate of SMS and promote the sustainable development of the edible fungi industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and Indoor Fungicide Screening of Pathogen Causing Leaf Spot on Rehmannia glutinosa LI Haicheng, WANG Fanzhen, JIANG Yongcheng, SONG Xin, CHEN Zhaorong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (4): 92-101.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.010 Abstract （459）      PDF （3777KB）（789）       Knowledge map    Save In order to identify the pathogen species and its biological characteristics of Rehmannia glutinosa leaf spot in Jizhou area of Tianjin City,and to screen effective pesticides for controlling the pathogen of R.glutinosa leaf spot，the methods of diseased leaves collection,strain isolation，microscopic observation,in vitro inoculation,ITS,EF1‑α,Tub multiple genes sequence alignment and evolutionary tree analysis were used to islolate,purify and identify the pathogen of R.glutinosa leaf spot by morphology,pathogenicity and molecular biology.The biological characteristics of the pathogen in three media and four carbon and nitrogen sources were studied.At the same time,the virulence of four fungicides was determined.The results showed that the pathogen A1 isolated from the leaf spot of R.glutinosa was Fusarium equiseti.The optimum medium,nitrogen source and carbon source were Czapek medium,glycine and sucrose,respectively.The results of laboratory efficacy test showed that 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion had the best inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of pathogen,the concentration for 50% of maximal effect(EC50)was 63.69 mg/L,and the inhibition rate of mycelial growth was up to 83.64%.75% chlorothalonil wettable powder had the worst inhibitory effect,with EC50 of 355.06 mg/L,and the maximum inhibitory rate of mycelial growth was 64.63%.In conclusion,F.equiseti was the pathogen of R.glutinosa leaf spot in Jizhou district of Tianjin,and 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion has the best controlling effect on the pathogen of R.glutinosa leaf spot. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on Application of Rational Design of Enzyme in Crop Breeding and Prospect WANG Donghui, WANG Aoxuan, HE Changhai, LIU Zhihao, SHI Yongchun, WANG Ran, WANG Xiaoran Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.05.001 Abstract （590）      PDF （1812KB）（711）       Knowledge map    Save Excellent germplasm resources are important guarantee for food security，and traditional breeding techniques have problems such as long breeding cycles and intensive workloads. With the deep integration of biology and computer technology，the rational design of enzyme used for directional optimization of key crop genes has laid the foundation for greater exploitation of high‑quality genetic resources.It further integrates with gene editing and transgenic technologies，and becomes one of the important directions in the exploration of molecular breeding technology.This article elaborated the common methods of rational design of enzyme，such as molecular docking，molecular dynamic simulations，binding free energy evaluation and so on，reviewed the progress on application of rational design of enzyme in improvement of crop quality，stress resistance and biomass，and the future was prospected，to provide reference for the development and utilization of new technologies in crop breeding. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Intelligent Identification Technology of Cucumber Diseases YANG Zhendong, LUO Wei, LUO Chen, JIANG Hongxun, ZHANG Ying, SONG Shumin, SHI Yiming, YU Yanling, YANG Tianliang, MA Zhongjie, FENG Xiao, YANG Fan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (4): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.001 Abstract （391）      PDF （1321KB）（696）       Knowledge map    Save The timely and accurate identification of cucumber diseases using intelligent identification technology is crucial for the proactive control and rational application of pesticides，which is of great significance for ensuring high‐quality cucumber production and ecological environmental safety.The intelligent identification of cucumber diseases is mainly realized by expert knowledge based on traditional expert systems and knowledge graphs，visible light image processing based on traditional machine learning and deep learning，spectral analysis such as chlorophyll fluorescence and hyperspectrum，and multi‐modal data fusion.The research progress of intelligent identification of cucumber diseases based on the above technologies was reviewed，the existing problems and deficiencies in current research were also summarized，and the development trends of cucumber diseases intelligent identification technology in the future was prospected，in order to provide reference for the application research of cucumber diseases intelligent identification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Generation，Migration and Release of Moisture in Heated Tobacco Product WU Jinlu, HU Anfu, JIANG Jian, XIA Qian, WANG Jun, XIAO Weiqiang, ZHOU Guojun, WU Jian, XU Jian, FANG Mengxiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (8): 15-25.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.002 Abstract （297）      PDF （1284KB）（677）       Knowledge map    Save As a new type of tobacco product，heated tobacco product has gradually become popular in the world in recent years，and its fundamental research has become the focus of the tobacco industry both domestically and internationally.Among them，the generation，migration and release characteristics of moisture in heated tobacco products are the key factors to regulate the moisture content and temperature of smoke.The generation，migration and release characteristics of moisture in heated tobacco products are affected by many factors，such as sample characteristics（moisture content，type and content of atomizing agent，preparation process，tobacco raw materials），cigarette structure（length of tobacco section，ventilation rate of filter，punching position），heating instrument parameters（heating temperature，heating mode），puffing regimes and so on.To deepen the basic research of heated tobacco products and improve the quality of products，the influencing factors and mechanism of moisture content in the tobacco section，the law of moisture generation and the law of moisture migration and release were summarized and analyzed.On this basis，the shortcomings of current research were pointed out and the future research focus was put forward，to provide technical references for the research and development of heated tobacco products. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular Identification and Biological Characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum Infecting Peanuts in Henan Province SANG Suling, WANG Zhenyu, LI Shaojian, FAN Wanwan, GAO Meng, CUI Xiaowei, ZHANG Haiyan, FENG Lanlan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (4): 102-110.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.011 Abstract （508）      PDF （1610KB）（644）       Knowledge map    Save To identify the taxonomic properties of the pathogen of peanut bacterial wilt disease in Henan Province,30 strains collected from different regions in Henan Province were comparatively characterized in terms of 16S rDNA sequences,carbohydrate utilization,pathogenicity,evolutionary type,and sequence variation.The results showed that,based on the 16S rDNA sequencing results of these 30 strains,the pathogen causing peanut wilt disease was R.solanacearum;all the strains could infect eggplant，chili pepper,potato,tobacco,and tomato,but did not infect ginger and belonged to physiological race 1;based on the analysis of the ability to utilize three disaccharides and three hexanols，four strains were classified as biovar Ⅱ,10 strains as biovar Ⅲ,and 16 strains as biovar V;all the strains were able to produce 144 bp specific band for evolutionary type Ⅰ and 280 bp specific band for R.solanacearum through multiplex PCR amplification,which indicated that all of the strains belonged to the evolutionary type Ⅰ,i.e.,the Asian group 13 of R.solanacearum;based on the phylogenetic analysis of the egl gene,all the strains from Henan were clustered together with Gx525,Ah⁃XnJn⁃12⁃6,and HA2⁃1,belonging to sequence variant 14. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Susceptibility to Tebuconazole and Suitability of Resistant Strains of Magnaporthe oryzae in Hainan Province WANG Yanxia, ZHAO Yuhan, GU Xinyi, FU Zhongju, SUN Yujia, WU Chenglong, WU Weihuai, ZHANG Yaling Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (9): 88-96.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.009 Abstract （434）      PDF （1869KB）（610）       Knowledge map    Save By detecting the susceptibility of Magnaporthe oryzae to tebuconazole in Hainan Province and studying the fitness of resistance strains,the resistance risk of M.oryzae to tebuconazole was understood,which would provide theoretical reference for the scientific use of fungicides and resistance management.The mycelial growth rate method was used to determine the susceptibility to tebuconazole of 144 strains of M.oryzae collected and isolated from Hainan Province in 2022,and the susceptibility baseline of M.oryzae in Hainan Province to tebuconazole was established based on the susceptibility frequency distribution of the strains.Fifteen susceptible strains with low effective inhibitory mid‑concentration(EC50)measured during the establishment of the susceptibility baseline were selected for resistance domestication under continuous selection pressure，and the domesticated strains were classified into resistance levels,and the genetic stability and suitability of the resistant strains as well as the cross‑resistance to the fungicides pyraclostrobin,flucycloxazole,imidacloprid,fenpyroximate，and aliconazole were determined.The EC50 values of the 144 strains tested ranged from 0.176 9 to 0.998 0 μg/mL.The EC50 value of the least sensitive strain was 5.64 times that of the most sensitive strain.The average EC50 value was(0.476 3±0.174 5)μg/mL.The susceptibility frequencies of the strains were distributed in a continuous single‑peak curve,and the susceptibility baseline to tebuconazole of M.oryzae in Hainan Province was 0.476 3 μg/mL.Through indoor domestication of 15 sensitive strains,a total of two resistant strains were obtained.EC50 values were 1.289 5 μg/mL and 1.868 4 μg/mL respectively,and resistance folds were 5.38 times and 6.65 times respectively,both of which were low resistance level.And after eight consecutive generations of transfer,the two resistant strains always maintained low‑level resistance.The EC50 values of pyraclostrobin,epoxiconazole,prochloraz,difenoconazole,and diniconazole were measured and compared between the strains resistant to tebuconazole and their parental strains.The results showed that there was no cross‑resistance in M.oryzae in Hainan Province between tebuconazole and the above chemicals.Through the in vitro fitness test of the tebuconazole‑resistant strains,it was found that compared with the parental strains,the mycelial growth rate of the two resistant strains was significantly reduced,and the conidia production was reduced to varying degrees.In addition,they were more sensitive to strong acid and alkali environment，and their pathogenicity was greatly reduced.Therefore,the frequency of resistance mutations to tebuconazole in rice blast strains in Hainan Province is low,and the environmental suitability of their resistant strains is significantly reduced,resulting in a low risk of resistance.In addition,there is no cross‑resistance between tebuconazole and commonly used fungicides in Hainan Province,and the development of resistance can be delayed by strategies such as cross‑rotation or mixing with multi‑site‑of‑action protectants in production. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of WOX Family Members in Salvia miltiorrhiza and Functional Analysis of SmWOX8 Gene under Salt Stress CHEN Chun, ZHONG Chunbin, LU Lei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (6): 43-54.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.06.005 Abstract （250）      PDF （7832KB）（599）       Knowledge map    Save This study identified the WOX family genes of Salvia miltiorrhiza（SmWOX）through genomic data，and analyzed their protein physicochemical properties，phylogenetic relationships，structure，gene tissue expression patterns，and response to salt stress.The results showed that 9 SmWOX family proteins had different physicochemical properties such as amino acid sequence length，molecular weight，and isoelectric point，and were all located in the nucleus.The results of systematic evolutionary analysis showed that SmWOX family members were divided into three groups：ancient，intermediate，and WUS，and had direct homologous relationships with some Arabidopsis WOX proteins. Structure analysis revealed the differences among members of different Salvia miltiorrhiza WOX subfamilies，which had different expression patterns in different tissues，suggesting that they may exercise different functions in growth and development. The analysis of cis‐acting elements showed that the SmWOX genes had regulatory effects on stress，hormone response，and growth and development.In addition，there were interactions between SmWOX8 protein and other proteins. Under salt stress，the expression level of SmWOX genes changed significantly，especially SmWOX8，which had the highest expression level under high salt stress，suggesting that it may play an important role in salt stress resistance of Salvia miltiorrhiza.The results of transgenic Arabidopsis experiments confirmed that SmWOX8 could improve salt tolerance of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Thidiazuron Compounded with Plant Growth Retardant on Cotton Growth，Development and Yield WU Gang, TIAN Yangqing, ZHAO Qiang, LI Xinxin, MUNIRE·Abudouuaini, WANG Wenqing, ZHANG Jiahao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (4): 47-56.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.006 Abstract （467）      PDF （2140KB）（597）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the regulatory effects of foliar application of thidiazuron in combination with different plant growth retardants on the growth，development，and yield of cotton，a field experiment was conducted from July to October 2022 in Tuanjie Village，Hailou Town，Shaya County，Xinjiang.Xinluzhong 84 was chosen as the test cotton variety. Thidiazuron at 0.1% concentration was used as the main agent，combined with chlormequat chloride（W1），calcium prohexadione（W2），uniconazole（W3），and flurprimidol（W4），with water serving as the control group（CK）.A randomized block design was employed，with a spray application before and after chemical topping，to analyze their effects on cotton agronomic traits，dry matter accumulation and distribution，leaf area index，SPAD value，and yield.The results showed that the W3 treatment performed the best across all measured indices. Specifically，at the boll opening stage，compared to CK，plant height，plant width，the length of the 3rd fruiting branch，the length of the 7th fruiting branch，and leaf branch length in the W3 treatment decreased by 1.23%，3.14%，10.96%，11.72%，and 18.92%，respectively；at 30 days after treatment，the SPAD value and the dry matter accumulation of buds and bolls increased by 2.05% and 9.98%，respectively，the proportion of dry matter in reproductive organs increased by 7.61%，and the leaf area index increased by 10.85% compared to CK；the number of bolls per plant and seed cotton yield increased by 11.28% and 11.23%，respectively，compared to CK.In conclusion，application of 0.1% thidiazuron 450 mL/ha + 5% uniconazole 75 g/ha before and after chemical topping can effectively suppress cotton indefinite growth，enhance leaf area index and leaf SPAD value，promote reproductive growth in cotton plants，increase the number of bolls per plant，and significantly increase cotton yield. Related Articles | Metrics

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Phenotypic Analysis and Preliminary Mapping of Wheat Dwarf Small⁃Kernel Mutant smk56 ZHANG Fuyan, SUN Congwei, CHEN Xiaojie, WANG Jiahuan, CHENG Zhongjie, ZHAO Wan, MA Xuhui, ZHANG Jianwei, FAN Jialin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 21-29.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.003 Abstract （364）      PDF （3940KB）（589）       Knowledge map    Save A dwarf and small grain mutant smk56（small kernel 56）with stable phenotypic inheritance was obtained from the seeds of wheat variety Zhoumai 22，which was mutagenized by China’s first microgravity science experiment satellite，Shijian⁃10.The phenotype and endosperm starch morphology of smk56 were analyzed and observed.The mutant was hybridized with the wild type Zhoumai 22（WT）to construct an F2 segregating population.The plant height，thousand⁃grain weight and other agronomic traits of F2：3 families were investigated，and the genetic analysis of the mutant gene was carried out.Then，the bulked segregant analysis sequencing（BSA⁃Seq），exon capture sequencing and linkage analysis were used for preliminary location of the mutant gene.The results showed that compared with WT，smk56 had no significant difference in seedling habits，leaf color，panicle type，heading stage and mature stage；Plant height of smk56 significantly decreased by 14.51%，and thousand⁃grain weight significantly decreased by 21.83%；Additionally，spike length，effective spikelet number，internode length below the spike，grain number per spike，grain length and grain width were all significantly or extremely significantly decreased；The starch granules of smk56 had poor filling degree and a more loosely arrangement structure，with underdeveloped starch bodies in endosperm cells，but there was no significant difference in the arrangement and shape regularity of starch granules between smk56 and WT.Genetic analysis indicated that the smk56 trait was controlled by a single recessive gene，which was preliminarily mapped to a region on the wheat chromosome 6D，spanning from 23.18 cM to 35.54 cM on the genetic map，and closely linked to the marker gwm469，with the flanking molecular markers of cfd1 and cfd132.In summary，the dwarf and small grains of wheat mutant smk56 may be caused by the shortening of stem internodes and the poor development of amyloplasts in grain endosperm cells；The target gene is preliminarily mapped to the wheat chromosome 6D genetic map of 23.18—35.54 cM，with a genetic distance of 12.36 cM，and it is speculated that this region may habor a novel important gene related to the formation of plant height and thousand⁃grain weight in wheat. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Yeast Fermentation of Tobacco Bud Extract on Fermentation of Cigar Leaves DING Jingyi, YU Jun, YANG Chunlei, CHEN Xiong, YAO Lan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (7): 168-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.07.019 Abstract （630）      PDF （3413KB）（586）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the effect of tobacco bud water extract fermentation by yeast on the aroma of cigar tobacco leaves，gas chromatography‑mass spectrometry（GC‑MS）technology was applied to analyze the aroma components of cigar tobacco leaves after solid‑state fermentation with flower bud water extract fermented by Pichia pastoris，Hanseniaspora uvarum，Cyberlindnera fabianii，Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces bailii.The results showed that a total of 58 volatile substances were detected after fermentation，and the total content of volatile substances after treatment by Torulaspora delbrueckii was the highest（1 470.48 μg/g）.The results of odor activity value（OAV）analysis showed flower aroma> tobacco aroma>fruit aroma>baking aroma. Principal component analysis（PCA）results indicated that the cumulative variance contribution rate was 71.1%.Cyberlindnera fabianii was closely related to β‑cyclocitral，geranylacetone，2‑methoxy‑4‑vinylphenol，phenylacetaldehyde，6‑methyl‑5‑hepten‑2‑one，styrene，benzaldehyde，4，7，9‑megastigmatrien‑3‑one a and（+）‑limonene.Zygosaccharomyces bailii was highly correlated with 4‑hydroxy‑β‑damascone，dihydroactinidiolide and phenylethyl alcohol.The results of cluster analysis showed that the aroma of cigar leaves fermented by the water extract of flower buds in the two groups of yeasts，Torulaspora delbrueckii and Pichia pastoris，Hanseniaspora uvarum and Zygosaccharomyces bailii，was similar. In summary，the cigar leaves fermented by the water extract of tobacco bud with the five yeasts have different flavor types，which is of great significance to the development of domestic cigars. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Estimation of Potato SPAD Values Based on Machine Learning and UAV Hyperspectral Remote Sensing CHEN Yifan, GUO Faxu, FENG Quan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 133-144.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.015 Abstract （467）      PDF （4120KB）（565）       Knowledge map    Save To enable rapid，non‑destructive monitoring of the soil plant analysis development（SPAD）value of field‑grown potatoes，this research employed unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） hyperspectral imaging to construct a quantitative detection model during critical growth phases.UAV hyperspectral imagery captured during the tuber initiation and enlargement stages was processed using mathematical transformations.Characteristic bands correlating with the SPAD value were identified using the competitive adaptive reweighted sampling（CARS），uninformative variable elimination（UVE），and random frog（RF） algorithms. Subsequently，partial least squares regression（PLSR），support vector regression（SVR），and back propagation（BP）neural networks were utilized to formulate models for estimating the potato SPAD values.It was observed that the characteristic bands derived from distinct feature selection algorithms varied slightly，with the CARS algorithm demonstrating efficiency in extracting sensitive spectral features，reducing hyperspectral data dimensions，and enhancing model precision.Compared to models constructed with alternative algorithmic combinations，the 1/R‑CARS‑SVR model displayed superior predictive capabilities，yielding R 2values of 0.88 for the training set and 0.84 for the validation set，and consistent root mean square error（RMSE） values of 0.39 for both.The 1/R‑CARS‑SVR model was utilized to perform point‑by‑point SPAD value computations across the study area，and a detailed inversion map was generated.It was found that SPAD value in tuber expansion stage was generally higher than that in tuber formation stage.This map offered a visual representation of potato growth conditions for managerial decision‑making，contributing to the theoretical framework and methodological approach for the surveillance of potato growth dynamics. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and Evaluation of Comprehensive Traits of Wheat Varieties in Henan Province Consortium Experiment ZHANG Huifang, YAN Zhaoling, LIU Haijiao, DUAN Junzhi, CHEN Haiyan, GUO Yan, WANG Nan, YANG Cuiping, QI Hongzhi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (7): 35-43.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.07.005 Abstract （518）      PDF （1254KB）（565）       Knowledge map    Save Consortium experiment is a new measure to broaden the channels of crop variety approval experiment under the current agricultural situation in China.In order to deeply understand the experiment capacity of wheat consortium experiment in Henan Province and master the agronomic traits and quality traits of its varieties，comparative analysis and evaluation were conducted between the consortium experiment varieties and the provincial unified experiment varieties，based on the wheat varieties approved by Henan Province in the past three years（2021—2023）.The results showed that Henan Province approved a total of 355 wheat varieties from 2021 to 2023，including 187 consortium experiment varieties.The consortium experiment capacity showed an upward trend，and the proportion of varieties increased from 48.3% in 2021 to 61.2% in 2023.The consortium experimental group was single，mainly including winter wheat‑irrigation group. In the winter wheat‑irrigation group，when applicants independently applied for varieties，the proportion of universities and research institutes through consortium experiment channel was higher than that through provincial unified experiment channel，and individual applicants were more inclined to provincial unified experiment channel.Compared with the provincial unified experiment，the difference of agronomic traits of the consortium experiment wheat was larger at the early stage and smaller at the later stage. Among the 7 agronomic traits，5 traits were significantly or extremely significantly different in 2021，and 2 traits were significantly different in 2023.The difference of quality traits was relatively smaller，but also showed the rule of large at the early stage and small at the late stage. Among the 7 quality traits，2 traits were significantly different in 2021，and there was no significant difference in 2023.The variation coefficient and diversity of agronomic and quality traits of the consortium experiment varieties were greater than those of provincial unified experiment varieties. Principal component analysis was used to transform 14 agronomic and quality traits into 7 principal components，which reflected 81.51% of the original information.The evaluation results based on principal component analysis showed that among the top 50 varieties with comprehensive scores，the varieties with higher comprehensive scores in the wheat consortium experiment accounted for a relatively smaller proportion of all varieties.In 2021 and 2023，there were 5 and 14 varieties respectively，accounting for 9.3% and 17.9% of all consortium experiment varieties.The varieties with higher comprehensive scores in the provincial unified experiment accounted for a relatively larger proportion of all varieties，with 4 and 5 in 2021 and 2023，respectively，accounting for 19.0% and 35.7% of all provincial unified experiment varieties.In summary，the capacity of Henan wheat consortium experiment is constantly increasing，and the dispersion of agronomic and quality traits is relatively larger；The gap of comprehensive scores of varieties between the consortium experiment and the provincial unified experiment is narrowing；Relevant departments can adjust and optimize the consortium experimental group according to the market in the future，focus on the issues of consortium experiment channel，and promote the high‑quality development of the consortium experiment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cytology Research of Spontaneous Doubling of Maize Haploid ZHANG Lihua, LIU Xiaoman, MA Miaomiao, LI Xingxing, ZHANG Qifan, ZHENG Binrui, LIU Zonghua, SONG Yunyun, LI Haochuan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (10): 21-27.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.003 Abstract （554）      PDF （3281KB）（557）       Knowledge map    Save The diploid RL36 with high spontaneous doubling ability and its haploid H⁃RL36 and the haploid H⁃L119A with low spontaneous doubling ability were used as materials,the pollen viability and anther morphology were observed,the cell ploidy of vegetative and reproductive organs at different development stages were detected,and simultaneously the chromosome behavior during meiosis process was observed,so as to explore the causes of spontaneous doubling of haploid to produce fertile gametes,analyze the underlying cytology mechanisms,and provide theoretical support for biological research related to spontaneous doubling of haploid.The results showed that the high spontaneous doubling haploid H⁃RL36 had round，full and fertile pollen grains and normal anther tissue,while the low spontaneous doubling haploid H⁃L119A had sterile pollens with irregular morphology and wrinkled anther tissue.The ploidy detection results showed that the chromosome number in the leaves of the two haploid materials did not double at different growth stages,and there were diploid cells and a few tetraploid cells in the tassel of H⁃RL36 at trumpet stage,while the H⁃L119A cells did not show diploidization.4,6⁃diamidino⁃2⁃phenylindole(DAPI)staining was used to observe the chromosome segregation behavior of pollen mother cells,it was found that the chromosomes of most cells in H⁃RL36 showed segregation distortion and moved to one pole at anaphase of first meiosis,and then underwent normal second meiosis to produce gametes with normal chromosome number,thus producing fertile pollens.In contrast,the chromosome of H⁃L119A cells eventually degenerated,leading to sterile gametes with abnormal chromosome number.The segregation distortion of chromosomes during meiosis can lead to spontaneous doubling of haploids,and the doubling of haploid germ cells and somatic cells is two independent processes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Response of Root Development and Auxin in Tea Plants to Different Nitrogen Forms HUANG Shuangjie, LI Mengzhen, LUO Jinlei, CHANG Yali, ZHANG Yali, GUO Guiyi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (7): 54-65.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.07.007 Abstract （498）      PDF （2369KB）（552）       Knowledge map    Save Tea plants（Camellia sinensis）prefer NH4+ as the dominant nitrogen（N）source.Although it has been proven that the use of mixed nitrate（NO3-）and ammonium（NH4+）as a N source can improve plant growth，whether genotypic difference in response to mixed nutrition exists in different tea plants remains obscure.Two tea cultivars（Camellia sinensis cv.Xinyang 10 and Zhongcha 108）were grown at three ratios of NH4+/NO3-（4∶0，3∶1 and 0∶4）to elucidate how the ratio of NH4+/NO3- modulate the architecture of the root system by investigating root growth，N content and auxin content as well as the expression of related genes.Xinyang 10 had the highest root and shoot dry matter and root N content under mixed nutrition（3∶1）And Xinyang 10 had the longer adventitious roots under mixed nutrition relative to sole NH4+，but no difference was observed in growth of lateral root between sole NH4+ andmixed nutrition treatments.IAA content was significantly increased in the roots of Xinyang 10，but significantly decreased in its leaves.Response of Zhongcha 108 to ratios of NH4+/NO3- was different from Xinyang 10.Shoot biomass and N content of root and shoot in Zhongcha 108 were significantly reduced under mixed nutrition relative to sole NH4+，while length of adventitious root increased，but not reaching statistical significance. Compared with sole NH4+，mixed nutrition increased length of lateral root but decreased the number and density of lateral roots in Zhongcha 108.And the IAA content in roots of Zhongcha 108 was significantly reduced under mixed nutrition relative to sole NH4+，but not in its leaves.The results of qRT‑PCR showed that auxin synthetic genes CsTSA，CsNIT1，transportation genes CsPIN3a，CsPIN3b and response genes CsARF3，CsIAA27 in roots of Xinyang 10 were significantly up‑regulated under mixed nutrition compared with sole NH4+；however，auxin synthetic genes CsNIT1，CsNIT2，transportation CsABCB4 and response genes CsARF1，CsARF3，CsARF5，CsARF6 in roots of Zhongcha 108 were significantly down‑regulated under mixed nutrition compared with sole NH4+. In conclusion，Xinyang 10 and Zhongcha 108 have genotypic differences when responding to N forms.The former is tolerant to NO3- and suitable for growth at the ratio of NH4+/NO3- as 3∶1，while the latter is sensitive to NO3- and suitable for growth under sole NH4+ nutrition. Under the ratio of NH4+/NO3- at 3∶1，auxin transport to roots of Xinyang 10 increases but to those of Zhongcha 108 decreases，which may be one of the physiological mechanisms conferring different response of different tea roots to N forms. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Absorption of Germanium in Soils and Its Accumulation Mechanism in Camellia sinensis SU Qiqian, AN Fuquan, YU Longfeng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (4): 1-8.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.001 Abstract （416）      PDF （1291KB）（547）       Knowledge map    Save Camellia sinensis is an economically significant crop in China,which can absorb and utilize germanium,thus promoting its growth and development.Through bioenrichment,Camellia sinensis transforms toxic inorganic germanium(GeO2)into non⁃toxic organic germanium(Ge⁃132).Moreover,the organic germanium can be absorbed by human and is beneficial to health.The application research of germanium in Camellia sinensis is still in the initial stage,and it is important to explore the germanium accumulation mechanism for developping germanium⁃rich tea.Therefore,the distribution of germanium in soil,the relationship between germanium in soil and growth of Camellia sinensis,the absorption and utilization of germanium by Camellia sinensis and the accumulation mechanism of germanium in Camellia sinensis were reviewed,which will provide basic information and theoretical reference for improving the germanium absorption efficiency of Camellia sinensis from soils and planting germanium⁃rich tea in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Sensitivity Analysis and Applicability Evaluation of the AquaCrop Model for Sesame Crop Parameters LI Mengyao, GUAN Haoyue, ZHANG Jiantao, HUANG Ming, LI Feng, RONG Yasi, LI Youjun, LI Guoqiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (7): 149-159.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.07.017 Abstract （947）      PDF （3280KB）（533）       Knowledge map    Save The objective is to enhance the calibration efficiency of the AquaCrop model for sesame crop parameters and verify the applicability of the model. The initial value and value range of sesame crop parameters were determined based on the experimental data（2022—2023）and related literatures.The EFAST method was used to perform global sensitivity analysis of 53 sesame crop parameters，uncertainty analysis of simulation results and parameters calibration validation. The results showed that 27 parameters were sensitive to the maximum biomass of each treatment，including CDM，CDSE，POFE，RSWT，PSENSP，PSTOSP，RSWB and ECSW with TSi above 0.3.And 14 parameters were sensitive to grain yield of each treatment，including POHX，RSWT，CDSE，DMCON，PSTO and PSTOSP with TSi higher than 0.2.The decision coefficient（R2） of simulated and measured canopy coverage and aboveground biomass ranged from 0.875 to 0.954 and 0.951 to 0.970，respectively.Futhermore，the normalized root mean square error（NRMSE） ranged from 11. 5% to 18.1% and 18. 9% to 27.7%，respectively.Meanwhile，the Nash‑Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients（NSE） were 0.873—0.940 and 0.930—0.959，respectively.The relative error between the simulated and measured values of yield was between 0.03 and 0.07.The localized AquaCrop model can better simulate the dynamic development process of sesame，which can be used to optimize sesame management and forecast future production. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Dissection of Dwarf Genes in Varieties（Lines）Derived from Core Wheat Parent Zhou 8425B LI Xiaode, YANG Yuxin, ZHU Chenjia, LI Yujia, CHEN Shulin, YIN Guihong, DONG Chunhao, WANG Daowen, ZHANG Kunpu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (7): 21-27.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.07.003 Abstract （586）      PDF （1735KB）（513）       Knowledge map    Save In this study，219 wheat varieties（lines）derived from Zhou 8425B were used as test materials，and the molecular markers of four main dwarf genes［reduced height 1（Rht1），Rht2，Rht8 and Rht24］were used to detect them to determine the distribution，combination type and influence of the dwarf genes on plant height and yield related traits of wheat，so as to lay the foundation for the continuous genetic research of core wheat parent Zhou 8425B and the application of molecular marker‑assisted selection for dwarf genes in wheat.The results showed that the distribution frequencies of dwarf genes Rht1，Rht2，Rht8 and Rht24 were 94.52%，100.00%，42.00% and 97.26% in varieties（lines）derived from Zhou 8425B，respectively.Among the 219 samples，the type of single dwarf gene wasn’t found；instead，various dwarf genes were found to coexist in combination. There were seven combination types for the four dwarf genes，namely Rht1+Rht2，Rht2+Rht8，Rht2+Rht24，Rht1+Rht2+Rht8，Rht1+Rht2+Rht24，Rht2+Rth8+Rth24 and Rth1+Rth2+Rth8+Rth24.The frequency of Rht1+Rht2+Rht24 was the highest with 53.42%，and the frequency of Rht2+Rht8 was the lowest with 0.46%.For single dwarf gene，Rht8 had the strongest culm reduction effect，while Rht1 had the weakest；for dwarf gene combination，Rht1+Rht2 combination had the strongest culm reduction effect，while Rht1+Rht2+Rht8 combination had the weakest. For single dwarf gene，Rht2 genotype had the highest yield，with plant height of 77.38 cm；the yield of Rht8 genotype was the lowest，with plant height of 76.71 cm. For dwarf gene combination，Rht2+Rht8 combination had the highest yield，with plant height of 78.21 cm；the combination of Rht1+Rht2 had the lowest yield，with plant height of 75.85 cm.The results of correlation analysis between yield‑related traits and four dwarf genes showed that，in a certain range，proper increase of plant height was beneficial to the increase of plant biomass，harvest index and yield.Three wheat materials with higher yields were selected，including Zhengmai 103，Cunmai 13 and Zhongyu 1220，with plant heights of 82.79 cm，78.71 cm and 82.50 cm，respectively，and their dwarf gene combination was all Rht1+Rht2+Rht24. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Diversity Analysis and Fingerprint Construction of Henan Origanum vulgare and Its Related Species Origanum majorana by SRAP Markers TIAN Huixin, YU Chan, YANG Fan, SU Ya’nan, WANG Xiaodong, ZHOU Yan, LI Hemin, HUANG Yong, LIANG Yan, XIA Zhi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 55-65.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.006 Abstract （344）      PDF （2408KB）（512）       Knowledge map    Save This study explored the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Origanum vulgare and its relative species Origanum majorana distributed in different regions of Henan Province，to provide a reference for the protection and development of O. vulgare and O.majorana germplasm resources.Using the sequence‑related amplified polymorphism(SRAP)molecular marker method，7 wild populations of O.vulgare and 1 cultivated population，as well as 1 cultivated population of O.majorana，totaling 77 germplasm resources of 9 populations，were selected for genetic diversity analysis and construction of a DNA fingerprint map. The results indicated that 9 pairs of primers amplified a total of 98 bands，with 94 polymorphic bands，representing a polymorphism rate of 95. 92%；on average，each pair of primers amplified 10. 89 bands. The number of alleles(Na)was 1.959 2，the effective number of alleles(Ne)was 1. 419 5，Nei gene diversity index(H)was 0.263 2，and Shannon’s index(I)was 0.411 9.The UPGMA phylogenetic cluster diagram constructed based on SRAP molecular marker data showed that the genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.66 to 0.95.When the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.66，O.vulgare and O.majorana were divided into two separate branches. At a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.75，O.vulgare from different regions were divided into five branches. In summary，SRAP molecular markers can effectively distinguish between O.vulgare and O.majorana，and the genetic diversity of O.vulgare populations in Nanyang，Henan Province，is higher than that in other areas. Five pairs of SRAP primers（Me1/em6、Me1/em11、Me3/em4、Me3/em11、Me5/em3）are selected to construct DNA fingerprint maps for both O.vulgare and O.majorana germplasms. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome‑wide Association Analysis and Candidate Gene Prediction for Rice Drought Tolerance at Seedling Stage HUANG Shipeng, HE Huqiang, LI Guangzhao, CHEN Chuanxin, ZHONG Tuo, XIE Jianbo, ZHOU Xiangwan, WANG Dan, XIAO Yinghui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 12-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.002 Abstract （371）      PDF （6475KB）（500）       Knowledge map    Save Taking 355 rice germplasms from RDP‑Ⅱ as materials，taking the yellow leaf rate after re‑watering as the drought tolerance evaluation index，combined with the population genotype data，genome‑wide association analysis（GWAS）was carried out，and the candidate genes related to drought tolerance were analyzed，so as to provide excellent germplasm resources and gene resources for the breeding of drought tolerant rice.The results showed that in RDP‑Ⅱ population，the yellow leaf rate of tropical japonica rice was the lowest，and that of Osbeck rice was the highest；Seventeen SNP loci related to drought tolerance were identified by GWAS，and distributed on chromosomes 1，2，3，6，7，8，11 and 12 of rice.Candidate genes were predicted in the 10 kb region near the peak SNP，and 33 candidate genes related to drought tolerance were screened，mainly including genes encoding protein kinases，transposon proteins，etc.Based on gene function annotation，8 candidate genes were selected for gene expression analysis in drought tolerant germplasm and drought intolerant germplasm，and OsCTFdt and OsPEX1 genes with significant difference in expression level were identified，which positively and negatively regulated the drought tolerance of rice at seedling stage，respectively.OsCTFdt and OsPEX1 genes had 4 haplotypes respectively，and the yellow leaf rate of the dominant haplotype was significantly lower than that of other haplotypes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of HSF Gene Family in Eucommia ulmoides and Its Expression Analysis under Adverse Stresses WU Shujuan, XU Feng, WANG Guangan, WANG Chen Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (9): 46-56.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.005 Abstract （1524）      PDF （6355KB）（493）       Knowledge map    Save Heat shock transcription factors（HSFs）play important roles in plant growth and development and in response to abiotic stresses.In order to understand the information of HSF gene family members in Eucommia ulmoides and reveal the structural characteristics and expression patterns of EuHSFs,this study analyzed the physicochemical properties,protein structure,phylogeny,gene structure,conserved domains,promoter cis‑acting elements,and the expression patterns of EuHSF genes in different developmental periods and abiotic stresses by bioinformatics methods and qRT‑PCR.The results showed that a total of 21 EuHSF genes were identified from Eucommia ulmoides,which differed in protein properties,with amino acid numbers,protein theoretical molecular masses,isoelectric points and instability coefficients ranging from 68—369,7.72—42.06 ku,4.31—9.22,and 7.05—67.28,respectively,and mainly consisted of acidic,hydrophilic,and unstable nuclear proteins.Phylogeneticanalysis showed that EuHSFs were divided into three subgroups,including ClassⅠ(1 EuHSF),ClassⅡ(7 EuHSFs)and ClassⅢ(13 EuHSFs),and promoter cis‑acting element analysis revealed that a large number of light‑responsive and hormone‑responsive elements in EuHSF genes.In addition,EuHSF genes were expressed at different developmental periods in Eucommia ulmoides leaves,but there were significant differences in the expression patterns. qRT‑PCR revealed that all EuHSFs responded to different abiotic stresses(high temperature,low temperature,high salinity,and drought),e.g.,most of the EuHSFs showed elevated expression under high‑temperature stress with the prolongation of the treatment time，and they were strongly responsive to both high and low temperatures.In summary,the EuHSF gene family has the function of regulating plant response to abiotic stresses. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and Identification of Plant Growth⁃Promoting Rhizobacteria and Their Growth⁃Promoting Effects on Tobacco NIU Wenyan, LI Xiaojie, XU Min, QIU Rui, BAI Jingke, LIU Chang, CHEN Yuguo, SI Junke, LI Shujun, SONG Pengyu, SONG Shouye Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 50-59.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.006 Abstract （449）      PDF （2942KB）（490）       Knowledge map    Save To explore multifunctional beneficial microbial strains that promote tobacco growth，bacterial strains with growth⁃promoting potential were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy crops in Jiaxian County，Pingdingshan City，Henan Province.The bacterial strains were identified through morphological，physiological，biochemical analyses，and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.Their growth⁃promoting effects were confirmed through petri dish seed germination tests and pot experiments involving tobacco. The results indicated that strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 had indole⁃3⁃acetic acid（IAA）concentrations of 28.35 mg/L and 22.03 mg/L in their fermentation broths， respectively， with 1⁃aminocyclopropane⁃1⁃carboxylic acid（ACC）deaminase activities of 546.64 U/L and 521.21 U/L.Both strains also exhibited phosphate solubilization，potassium release，and nitrogen fixation capabilities.Identification confirmed that strain JLS0502 was Leclercia adecarboxylata，while strain JLS0413 was Enterobacter ludwigii.Treatment with strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 significantly improved the germination rate of tobacco seeds and promoted root elongation. Pot experiments showed that strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 significantly improved agronomic traits，including plant height，fresh weight，and root morphology of tobacco. Specifically，compared to the uninoculated control，the plant height，total fresh weight，root fresh weight，total root surface area，and total root volume increased by 66.05%，55.82%，59.30%，22.55%，29.37%，and 75.38%，66.29%，105.23%，90.15%，and 140.48%，respectively.Furthermore，the levels of plant hormones，including brassinolide（BR），gibberellin（GA），and indole⁃3⁃acetic acid（IAA），as well as the activities of defense enzymes，such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase（PAL），catalase（CAT），peroxidase（POD），polyphenol oxidase（PPO），and superoxide dismutase（SOD），were significantly higher in the tobacco leaves than in the control group.These findings highlight the significant growth⁃promoting effects of strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 on tobacco. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of AMF on Morphological Index and Photosynthetic Physiology of Bidens pilosa and B. biternata under Different Phosphorus Levels ZENG Jingjin, LIU Wei, LIU Jiang, ZHAO Ying, MA Xiao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 79-91.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.009 Abstract （498）      PDF （1790KB）（482）       Knowledge map    Save A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF） on the growth status，nutrient absorption，photosynthesis，and antioxidant enzyme activity of invasive plant Bidens pilosa and local closely related plant B.biternata under different phosphorus levels of 0，50，and 200 mg/kg，inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae on two plants and with no inoculation as control（CK）.The results showed that AMF could infect both plants mentioned above，and the infection rate and spore density of AMF on B. pilosa were significantly higher than those on B. biternata.At a phosphorus level of 50 mg/kg，B.pilosa had the highest infection rate and spore density.Inoculation of AMF at 0 and 50 mg/kg phosphorus concentration could significantly promote the absorption of phosphorus by both plants，while the absorption of nitrogen decreased.It also had a certain promoting effect on the plant height，leaf area，total biomass，number of branches，and root crown ratio of both plants.At a phosphorus level of 50 mg/kg，compared with CK，the total chlorophyll content，chlorophyll a/b，maximum fluorescence，maximum photochemical quantum yield of PS Ⅱ ，and photosynthetic performance index of B.pilosa and B.biternata inoculated with AMF increased by 22.1%—22.9%，8.4%—11.5%，15.5%—23.8%，11.4%—14.4%，and 17.9%—25.9%，respectively.The net photosynthetic rate，stomatal conductance，and transpiration rate increased by 8.1%—17.7%，18.4%—18.7%，and 12.6%—14.9%，respectively，while the intercellular CO2 concentration decreased by 9.4%—14.7%.The activities of superoxide dismutase，catalase，and peroxidase treated with AMF were significantly higher than those of CK，with increases of 17.2%—19.3%，37.4%—46.4%，and 24.1%—32.1%，espectively.The contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein in osmotic regulators were increased by 45.6%—59.8% and 33.3%—45.1%，respectively.In summary，AMF can promote the growth of B.pilosa and B.biternata under low phosphorus levels（0,50 mg/kg），and the mycorrhizal effect of B.pilosa is higher than that of B.biternata，while the high phosphorus level（200 mg/kg）has a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of the two plants，which is likely to have a certain effect on the successful invasion of B.pilosa in a low phosphorus environment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Salt Tolerance and Genome‑Wide Association Study of Japonica Rice Germplasms at Seedling Stage FENG Peiyuan, DONG Yue, JIAO Zilan, CHEN Min, KONG Weiru, RAN Jie, LI Peifu, TIAN Lei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (7): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.07.001 Abstract （673）      PDF （3135KB）（477）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the distribution characteristics of Na+and K+in japonica rice germplasms at seedling stage under salt stress，identify elite salt‑tolerant germplasms and detect ion homeostasis‑related loci，181 japonica rice germplasms were used to determine the salt tolerance score（STS），shoot Na+content（SNC），root Na+content（RNC），shoot K+content（SKC），root K+content（RKC），calculate shoot Na+/K+（SNK），root Na+/K+（RNK）and comprehensive evaluation value（D），and conduct genome‑wide association study（GWAS）.The results showed that seven indexes STS，SNC，RNC，SKC，RKC，SNK and RNK showed abundant variation，and the variation coefficient ranged from 23.7% to 70.5%.The correlation analysis result showed that，SNC was extremly significantly positively correlated with RNC，SNK and RNK；RNC was extremly significantly positively correlated with SNK and RNK；SKC was significantly positively correlated with RKC and extremly significantly negatively correlated with SNK.Principal component analysis（PCA）results showed that four major components were extracted，with a cumulative contribution rate of 89. 545%. Subsequently，five salt‑tolerant germplasms，including Bertone，Cigalon，Banat2951，Zaonuodao and Shennong 2，were selected by D value，and Jiahe 1，Yueguang，Xingshi，Shanfuliya and Qianchonglang were salt‑sensitive germplasms.The GWAS analysis revealed a total of 16 salt tolerance related InDel loci and 32 allelic variants，with contribution rate of 10.82%—20.57%.Among them，nine InDel loci were significantly associated with RNC，which were located on chromosomes 1，4，6，8，9 and 11；seven InDel loci were significantly associated with RNK，which were located on chromosomes 4，5，6，7，9 and 10，with contribution rate of 11.04%—18.79%.The allele 6IM20. 68Mb‑2 was detected in RNC and RNK，respectively.The InDel locus 9IM20.21Mb，which was significantly associated with RNK，showed three haplotypes.The RNK of Hap1 was significantly lower than that of Hap2 and Hap3，so it was a typical salt‑tolerant haplotype. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Predation Ability and Preference of Arma chinensis against Helicoverpa armigera Larvae CHEN Junhua, LI Feifan, DU Yueqing, XIE Jiaxin, ZHANG Qiaoqiao, WANG Chenxu, GUO Shibao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 109-118.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.011 Abstract （563）      PDF （1762KB）（472）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the biological control potential of Arma chinensis on Helicoverpa armigera larvae，we measured the predatory functional responses and search effects of 3rd—4th instar A.chinensis nymphs and female adults on 2nd—4th instar H.armigera larvae under controlled indoor conditions.We also investigated the intraspecific interference effects of 5th instar A.chinensis nymphs，as well as male and female adults，on predation of 2nd instar H.armigera，along with the predation preferences of female A.chinensis adults for 3rd instar H.armigera larvae versus Tenebrio molitor pupae. The results indicated that both nymphs of the 3rd and 4th instars and female adults were capable of preying on 2nd—4th instar H.armigera，with their predatory response conforming to Holling’s type Ⅱ model.The control efficiency across different developmental stages of A.chinensis was ranked as follows：female adults>4th instar nymphs>3rd instar nymphs.Notably，the amount preyed upon by individuals of the same age decreased as prey age increased，with maximum daily predation rates recorded at 36.778 for female adults，28.351 for 4th instar nymphs，and 26.938 for 3rd instar nymphs targeting 2nd instar H.armigera，which demonstrated that female adults exhibited the highest predation capacity against these larvae.Furthermore，our findings revealed that search efficiency improved as prey density decreased，while intraspecific interference among A.chinensis was influenced by their own density in the following order：5th instar nymphs>male adults>female adults. Regarding predation preference，when both T.molitor pupae and 3rd instar H.armigera larvae were present，A.chinensis showed a stronger inclination to prey on the pupae.These insights provide a valuable foundation for future research into indoor propagation strategies for enhancing the biological control capabilities of A.chinensis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Maturity Detection Method for Hemerocallis citrina Baroni Based on Improved YOLOv5 SHENG Bin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 145-153.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.016 Abstract （1756）      PDF （3862KB）（471）       Knowledge map    Save To unify identification standards and improve the detection accuracy and real‑time performance of mature Hemerocallis citrina Baroni picking，an improved GCS‑BI YOLOv5 image detection algorithm was proposed.Firstly，the Ghost lightweight neural networks were utilized to streamline the model structure and save computational resources.Secondly，in order to pay attention to the image channel information and position information simultaneously，efficient attention mechanisms，namely convolutional block attention module（CBAM）and squeeze‑and‑excitation（SE），were cross‑introduced to improve the image feature perception ability and model convergence speed.Then，a weighted bi‑directional feature pyramid network（BI FPN）was used to fuse the multi‑scale image information and improve the comprehensive detection performance of the model for different targets.The experimental results showed that compared with the original algorithm，the lightweight metrics such as the model volume，network layers，number of parameters，and floating‑point operation of the improved algorithm were reduced by 62.89%，33.12%，63.01%，68.39%，respectively.The performance metrics such as detection accuracy and recall rate were improved by 7.77，6.28 percentage points，respectively.Real‑time detection performance was improved by 33.81 f/s.It can be seen that the improved algorithm has better comprehensive performance and can meet the requirements of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni maturity detection. Related Articles | Metrics

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Early and Rapid Detection of Tomato Gray Mold Based on LAMP Technology ZHAO Qian, LI Wen, LI Xiliu, JIA Zhenhua, FENG Xiaojuan, SONG Shuishan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (6): 84-91.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.06.009 Abstract （350）      PDF （4032KB）（467）       Knowledge map    Save Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is one of the main diseases of tomatoes，which severely affects the yield and quality of tomatoes. In order to achieve the early and rapid detection of tomato gray mold，by using the ACTIN gene of Botrytis cinerea as the target gene，and based on the loop‐mediated isothermal amplification（LAMP）technology，a set of LAMP specific primers was designed and screened，and the reaction system and reaction conditions were optimized to realize the rapid isothermal amplification of Botrytis cinerea.Through agarose gel electrophoresis and SYBR Green Ⅰ visualization analysis，the optimal dosages of Bst Ⅱ DNA polymerase and dNTPs，as well as the optimal ratio of inner and outer primers，were determined to be 0.6 U/μL，1.25 mmol/L，and 2∶1 respectively.The specific detection of Botrytis cinerea could be achieved at 61 ℃ for 40 min，and its sensitivity could reach 100 ag/μL，which was 106 times the sensitivity of ordinary PCR detection. When this method was applied to the detection of tomato diseases，the spores detection limit for Botrytis cinerea could reach 20 spores/mL，and the pathogen could be detected in tomato leaves that had been infected for 4 days without obvious phenotypic symptoms of gray mold，making it applicable for the early，rapid，sensitive and visual detection of tomato gray mold. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Complete Gene Sequencing of Bacilus subtilis Isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa and Study of Genes Related to Growth‑promoting Effects LA Guixiao, WANG Linlin, GUO Junqi, ZHAO Yulong, GUO Hongxia, JIA Hui, YANG Tiegang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 75-85.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.008 Abstract （1336）      PDF （3510KB）（466）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the genes associated with the growth‑promoting effects of Bacillus subtilis in Rehmannia glutinosa，whole genome sequencing was performed in this study and the genes associated with the growth‑promoting effects were discovered through functional annotation.The results showed that the genome size of Bacillus subtilis，an endophytic growth‑promoting bacterium of Rehmannia glutinosa，was 4 310 699 bp，with a GC content of 43.44%，and a total of 4 521 predicted coding genes.A total of 3 013，3 354，4 395，206，52，and 212 functional genes were annotated in the clusters of orthologous groups（COG） ，gene ontology（GO） ，kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） ，carbohydrate‑active enzymes（CAZyme），comprehensive antibiotic resistance database（CARD），and virulence factor database（VFDB），respectively.The annotation results indicated that there were 46 genes related to growth‑promoting function，with the majority of these genes involved in phosphorus solubilization，nitrogen fixation，and iron carrier processes.In the meantime，anti‑SMASH predicted that a total of 409 genes were enriched into 12 secondary metabolite synthesis gene clusters，with the majority encoding eight repressors，including fengycin，1‑carbapen‑2‑em‑3‑carboxylic acid，bacillaene，bacilysin，subtilosin A，surfactin，pulcherriminic acid，and bacillibactin.Among these，pulcherriminic acid and bacillibactin had been observed to facilitate the chelation of ferric ions in the surrounding environment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Formula Fertilization and Fertilization Methods on Growth and Woodland Soil of Carya illinoensis LIU Fukui, DU Yangwen, DU Shiping, ZHANG Rongyang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (9): 97-107.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.010 Abstract （373）      PDF （3933KB）（462）       Knowledge map    Save The aim is to explore the influence of different formula fertilization and fertilization techniques on leaf mineral nutrients,soil enzyme activity,soil effective nutrient content and fruit quality of Carya illinoensis.Five treatments for different formula fertilization tests,namely OPT(Nutrient experts systematically recommend fertilization),OPT‑N(No nitrogen fertilizer),OPT‑P(No phosphorus fertilizer),OPT‑K(No potassium fertilizer)and CK(No fertilizer),respectively;five treatments were designed for different fertilization techniques,according to time,frequency and proportion and fertilization method. Mineral nutrient,soil enzyme activity,effective nutrient content,oil content and fatty acid content were determined in different periods.Different formula fertilization significantly changed the soil enzyme activity,soil effective nutrient content,plant leaf mineral nutrient content and fruit quality,among which the OPT‑P and OPT‑K treatments had higher soil nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency. Soil phosphatase and urease activities were higher in OPT‑P,sucrase was higher in OPT,and catalase was higher in OPT‑N.The oil content of OPT‑P fruit kernels was significantly increased by 8.23 percentage points over the CK treatment,and there was no significant difference in unsaturated fatty acid content among the treatments.The soil effective N,P,K content and organic matter content with different fertilization techniques were significantly lower than the control treatment,and fertilizing 70% in early March and 30% in early June could improve the leaf nutrient content of N,and K,soil sucrase and catalase activities,the oil rate of fruit kernels was 7.38 percentage points higher than the control.In summary,OPT‑P formula fertilization and twice from the shallow to the deep radial ditch can promote the soil nutrients and increase the oil content of fruit kernels. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics