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Analysis of Yunnan Black Tea Aroma Characteristics Based on HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS and OAV DING Qihuan, DENG Min, SHI Dekang, SU Jianmei, GU Chonglin, LI Sijin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (4): 167-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.017 Abstract （164）      PDF （3949KB）（1368）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the aroma characteristics of Yunnan black tea from different production areas in Yunnan,12 tea samples from four production areas,namely,Simao in Puer,Changning in Baoshan,Menghai in Xishuangbanna and Fengqing in Lincang，were selected as materials.The headspace‐solid phase microextraction(HS‐SPME)combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry(GC‐MS)was used to separate and identify the volatile components of Yunnan black tea from different production areas on a DB‐WAX column，and the volatile components of Yunnan black tea were analysed by using aroma activity value(OAV)combined with chemometrics to determine the volatiles composition and aroma characteristics of Yunnan black tea from different production areas.The results showed that a total of 143 volatile substances，mainly alcohols，aldehydes，esters and olefins，were identified in Yunnan black tea from different production areas，and 50 substances(OAV≥1)contributing to the flavor of Yunnan black tea were screened out with the help of OAV，among which linalool and β‐ionone had a prominent position in OAV，and were important for the composition of the flavour of Yunnan black tea from different production areas.By using orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis(OPLS‐DA),combined with variable importance projection(VIP),43 differential markers were screened(VIP≥1).Based on the results of OAV and OPLS‐DA，12 characteristic differential substances of Yunnan black tea were screened：2‐methyl butyraldehyde， benzaldehyde， heptaldehyde，Z‐hex‐3‐en‐1‐ol，methyl 2‐(methylamino)benzoate，dihydroactinidolide，D‐limonene,(E)‐3，7‐dimethylocta‐1,3,6‐triene，β‐ionone，α -lonone，dihydro‐β‐ionone，and P‐cymene.Z‐hex‐3‐en‐1‐ol contributed prominently to the clear aroma of black tea from Changning production area；dihydroactinidolide and dihydro‐β‐ionone contributed prominently to the floral and fruity aroma of Menghai production area，and heptaldehyde contributed prominently to the fruity aroma of Fengqing production area.Further analysis showed that the Yunnan black tea aroma types of the four production areas were mainly floral and fruity.Combined with the cluster analysis，Changning and Fengqing production areas had floral and sweet aroma，and the fruity aroma was stronger，absence of honey notes；and the differentiated compounds of Simao and Menghai production areas were more diverse，and the composite aroma was obvious，which involved the sweet aroma，honey aroma，grassy aroma，clear aroma and fat aroma. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Impact of Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Respiration ZHU Leyang, ZHANG Xizhe, TAO Jiang, WANG Xiu, HAN Yanying, YE Yanhui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (10): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.001 Abstract （491）      PDF （1280KB）（1009）       Knowledge map    Save Nitrogen deposition，as a critical ecological factor in the soil ecosystem，significantly affects the structure and function of ecosystems.To systematically elucidate the impact of nitrogen deposition on soil respiration，the effects of nitrogen deposition on soil root respiration，soil microorganism respiration，soil animal respiration and chemical oxidation of soil carbon⁃containing minerals were reviewed，and the specific effects of different nitrogen deposition gradients on soil respiration were analyzed.In order to provide a theoretical reference for subsequent in⁃depth monitoring and research of soil respiration and related life activities，the future research directions in the field of soil respiration were prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Alleviating Continuous Cropping Obstacles by Allium L.Plants GUO Jianing, LI Nannan, LI Kun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 11-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.002 Abstract （375）      PDF （1333KB）（705）       Knowledge map    Save Soil continuous cropping obstacles commonly occur in many plants，such as grain crops，fruit trees，vegetables，Chinese herbal medicines and others，restricting the healthy and sustainable development of the industry.Intercropping，rotation and relay intercropping are important agricultural management measures，and they can regulate the microecological environment of rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping，reducing the harm of continuous cropping.Allium L.plants contain various biologically active components such as organic sulfur compounds，saponins，flavonoids，and other compounds.They are often used as an intercropping，rotation or relay intercropping crop to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles.This paper expounded the alleviative effects of Allium L.plants on continuous cropping obstaces，and the alleviating mechanism of Allium L.plants on continuous cropping obstacles was discussed from photosynthetic characteristics，antioxidant enzyme activity，root exudate characteristics and soil nutrients，enzyme activity and microorganisms quantity and community structure.The components contained in root exudates and plant volatiles of Allium L.plants were analyzed.Finally，the research direction of mechanisms of Allium L.plants alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and the development of active substances were proposed，which laid a theoretical foundation for further application of Allium L.plants in alleviating continuous cropping obstacles. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Intercropping Promoting Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization WU Xin, BI Jiayu, GE Yingtong, HE Yangfa, WANG Yuyun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.001 Abstract （384）      PDF （1931KB）（631）       Knowledge map    Save The application of phosphate fertilizer and mineral weathering are the main sources of soil phosphorus，but the low utilization rate of phosphorus and the limited ability of crops to absorb and utilize phosphorus lead to the accumulation of soil phosphorus，which limits the growth of crops.Intercropping system can improve soil phosphorus availability.The effects of intercropping on phosphorus utilization rate were summarized.The mechanism of intercropping to improve soil phosphorus availability was reviewed from three aspects：soil microorganisms，crop roots，and changes in endogenous hormones.It is suggested that in the future，we should focus on the in‑situ characterization of plant root morphology，auxin‑related gene expression，soil microorganisms and related functional genes，in order to provide reference for improving phosphorus utilization rate through intercropping. Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Status and Progress of Research on Soil Water Movement and Distribution in Subsurface Drip Irrigation WANG Dongbo, QIAN Zhiyong, WANG Dong, HUANG Guoliang, YANG Zhenjie, ZHANG Yijie Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (12): 1-13.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.12.001 Abstract （420）      PDF （1989KB）（623）       Knowledge map    Save The movement and distribution of soil water under subsurface drip irrigation has always been a hot topic in academic circles. In order to clarify the research progress of influencing factors of soil water migration and distribution under subsurface drip irrigation，the basic principles，main characteristics and development history of subsurface drip irrigation technology were summarized.The research methods and conclusions of soil water migration and distribution under different subsurface drip irrigation methods were systematically expounded，and the application status of numerical simulation technology in soil water distribution law research was introduced.The key factors affecting soil water migration and distribution under subsurface drip irrigation conditions were comprehensively analyzed.The current research status and development bottlenecks were summarized，and the future research direction was prospected，in order to provide theoretical reference for further research and improvement of irrigation water use efficiency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Effects of Abiotic Stress Factors on Wheat Photosynthesis FANG Yuhui, HUA Xia, HAN Liupeng, ZHAO Mingzhong, QI Xueli, DONG Haibin, HU Lin, Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (10): 1-13.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.10.001 Abstract （510）      PDF （1331KB）（602）       Knowledge map    Save Photosynthesis is the energy source and material basis of wheat growth and development，and plays an important role in the formation of wheat yield.In recent years，climate anomalies have occurred frequently.High temperature，low temperature，drought，waterlogging，saline‑alkaline，high light and low light have become the main factors affecting wheat photosynthesis.This paper reviewed the research progress of the effects of abiotic stresses such as temperature，water，saline‑alkaline and light intensity on wheat photosynthesis，pointed out the problems existing in this research field，and prospected the future research direction，so as to provide theoretical reference for wheat high photosynthetic efficiency breeding and cultivation management. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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mRNA Vaccines：Research Progress and Applications in Animal Infectious Diseases ZHAI Chongkai, MAO Fuchao, TIAN Wenjing, WANG Conghui, WANG Yingxian, ZHANG Hewei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (5): 10-21.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.05.002 Abstract （532）      PDF （3322KB）（577）       Knowledge map    Save Compared to traditional approaches，RNA vaccines offer advantages such as high safety，good efficacy，and short development cycle，which makes them have unique advantages in the prevention and control of infectious diseases.Currently，mRNA vaccines have made great progress in the prevention and control of COVID‑19，influenza，Ebola，Zika and other human diseases，but the research on mRNA vaccines for animals is still not in‑depth.Therefore，the development of mRNA vaccines for animals to prevent and control infectious diseases in livestock，poultry，and wild animals has become one of the important research directions in the field of animal diseases and public health.This review comprehensively discusses the design，preparation，delivery system，application，advantages，challenges and prospects of mRNA vaccines against animal infectious diseases，to provide valuable insights for the development and research of future animal mRNA vaccines. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Application in Livestock，Poultry and Aquaculture Production of Bacillus subtilis and Its Effect on  Intestinal Health of Animals FENG Lili Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.001 Abstract （287）      PDF （1361KB）（572）       Knowledge map    Save Bacillus subtilis can form spores，has strong resistance and good stability，and has several advantages compared with conventional probiotics.Bacillus subtilis can be used as a microecological agent in livestock，poultry and aquaculture production，and has positive impact on animal production performance via improvement of digestion and absorption.Bacillus subtilis can improve meat quality，enhance immunity and regulate intestinal health.The biological characteristics of Bacillus subtilis，the application in livestock，poultry and aquaculture production and the impact on intestinal health were reviewed in this paper，so as to provide reference for further development and utilization of Bacillus subtilis microecologics for feeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Analysis of Flower Size and Related Characters in Petunia ZHANG Linxia, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Shuting, SUN Miaomiao, ZHANG Xiaomin, LI Zhineng, LIU Guofeng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (2): 118-127.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.013 Abstract （351）      PDF （3922KB）（556）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the inheritance law of petunia flower size,four generations of genetic populations(P1,P2,F1,F2）were constructed using the large⁃flowered and small⁃flowered inbred lines of petunia as parents.The main gene+polygene mixed genetic model analysis was carried out,and the genetic law was verified by crossing the F1 plant with the medium⁃flowered petunia line W115.Moreover,the F2 population was used to investigate 23 phenotypic traits including flower diameter，sepal length,leaf length etc.,and the correlation analysis of these traits was carried out.The results showed that the flower diameter of petunia(large flower vs. small flower)was controlled by two pairs of additive major genes(2MG⁃A),and the heritability of major genes was 95.38%;the offspring of the F1 crossing W115 showed a separation ratio of 1∶1 between the large⁃flowered individuals and medium⁃flowered individuals，and the chlorophyll content of leaves and bracts in medium⁃flowered plants was significantly higher than that in large⁃flowered plants(P<0.01).The phenotypic traits of F2 population derived from hybridization between large⁃flower and small⁃flower parents had abundant variation,and the coefficient of variation varied from 7.67% to 59.93%,with an average of 22.38%.Correlation analysis showed that there were certain correlations among the floral traits,leaf traits and between them,and the flower diameter was significantly positively correlated with the size of other organs,but significantly negatively correlated tosome plant traits. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on Application of Rational Design of Enzyme in Crop Breeding and Prospect WANG Donghui, WANG Aoxuan, HE Changhai, LIU Zhihao, SHI Yongchun, WANG Ran, WANG Xiaoran Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.05.001 Abstract （385）      PDF （1812KB）（545）       Knowledge map    Save Excellent germplasm resources are important guarantee for food security，and traditional breeding techniques have problems such as long breeding cycles and intensive workloads. With the deep integration of biology and computer technology，the rational design of enzyme used for directional optimization of key crop genes has laid the foundation for greater exploitation of high‑quality genetic resources.It further integrates with gene editing and transgenic technologies，and becomes one of the important directions in the exploration of molecular breeding technology.This article elaborated the common methods of rational design of enzyme，such as molecular docking，molecular dynamic simulations，binding free energy evaluation and so on，reviewed the progress on application of rational design of enzyme in improvement of crop quality，stress resistance and biomass，and the future was prospected，to provide reference for the development and utilization of new technologies in crop breeding. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Metabolites Mining and Path Enrichment Analysis of Tigernut Tuber Formation GUO Xiaoyang, LA Guixiao, XU Xinran, YU Yange, DAI Dandan, LI Yanpeng, WANG Yanhong, GUO Hongxia, YANG Tiegang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 30-43.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.004 Abstract （927）      PDF （4749KB）（528）       Knowledge map    Save In order to dig out the key metabolites in the process of forming tubers by the stolons of tigernut and regulate the stolons to form more tubers，the stolons and new tubers were taken as the research objects，and untargeted metabolomics analysis was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography Abstract：In order to dig out the key metabolites in the process of forming tubers by the stolons of tigernut and regulate the stolons to form more tubers，the stolons and new tubers were taken as the research objects，and untargeted metabolomics analysis was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography combined with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.And then，the differential metabolites related to the formation of tubers were screened by multivariate statistical method，and KEGG metabolic pathways associated with differential metabolites were enriched.The results showed that a total of 1 217 metabolites were detected in unexpanded stolons（PFJ1），expanded stolons（PFJ2）and new tubers（JD1）.According to the conditions of VIP（Variable importance in the projection）>1，P<0.05 and FC（Fold change）>2 or FC<0.5，35 differential metabolites were screened for JD1 vs PFJ1，of which 26 were up‑regulated and nine were down‑regulated；JD1 vs PFJ2 identified 57 differential metabolites，of which 50 were up‑regulated and seven were down‑regulated；PFJ2 vs PFJ1 identified 39 differential metabolites，of which three were up‑regulated and 36 down‑regulated. The metabolites were identified as amino acids and their derivatives，nucleotides and their derivatives，organic oxygen compounds，flavonoids，phenylpropanes，phenols and so on. The relative content analysis of differential metabolites showed that the content of glutathione in JD1 was 14.021 times that in PFJ1 and 29.195 times that in PFJ2.The content of 3‑methy‑L‑histidine in JD1 was 10.463 times that in PFJ1 and 129.931 times that in PFJ2.The content of kaempferol in JD1 was 0.421 times that in PFJ1 and 0.358 times that in PFJ2.KEGG pathway analysis of differentially expressed metabolites was further conducted，and they were mainly concentrated into KEGG pathways such as aminoacyl‑tRNA biosynthesis，arginine and proline metabolism，alanine，aspartic acid and glutamate metabolism，phenylalanine metabolism，flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis.In summary，amino acids and flavonoids were the main metabolites related to the formation of tubers，and the metabolic pathways were mainly concentrated in aminoacyl‑tRNA biosynthesis and flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis.   Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Absorption of Germanium in Soils and Its Accumulation Mechanism in Camellia sinensis SU Qiqian, AN Fuquan, YU Longfeng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (4): 1-8.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.001 Abstract （276）      PDF （1291KB）（482）       Knowledge map    Save Camellia sinensis is an economically significant crop in China,which can absorb and utilize germanium,thus promoting its growth and development.Through bioenrichment,Camellia sinensis transforms toxic inorganic germanium(GeO2)into non⁃toxic organic germanium(Ge⁃132).Moreover,the organic germanium can be absorbed by human and is beneficial to health.The application research of germanium in Camellia sinensis is still in the initial stage,and it is important to explore the germanium accumulation mechanism for developping germanium⁃rich tea.Therefore,the distribution of germanium in soil,the relationship between germanium in soil and growth of Camellia sinensis,the absorption and utilization of germanium by Camellia sinensis and the accumulation mechanism of germanium in Camellia sinensis were reviewed,which will provide basic information and theoretical reference for improving the germanium absorption efficiency of Camellia sinensis from soils and planting germanium⁃rich tea in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and Identification of Plant Growth⁃Promoting Rhizobacteria and Their Growth⁃Promoting Effects on Tobacco NIU Wenyan, LI Xiaojie, XU Min, QIU Rui, BAI Jingke, LIU Chang, CHEN Yuguo, SI Junke, LI Shujun, SONG Pengyu, SONG Shouye Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 50-59.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.006 Abstract （213）      PDF （2942KB）（430）       Knowledge map    Save To explore multifunctional beneficial microbial strains that promote tobacco growth，bacterial strains with growth⁃promoting potential were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy crops in Jiaxian County，Pingdingshan City，Henan Province.The bacterial strains were identified through morphological，physiological，biochemical analyses，and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.Their growth⁃promoting effects were confirmed through petri dish seed germination tests and pot experiments involving tobacco. The results indicated that strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 had indole⁃3⁃acetic acid（IAA）concentrations of 28.35 mg/L and 22.03 mg/L in their fermentation broths， respectively， with 1⁃aminocyclopropane⁃1⁃carboxylic acid（ACC）deaminase activities of 546.64 U/L and 521.21 U/L.Both strains also exhibited phosphate solubilization，potassium release，and nitrogen fixation capabilities.Identification confirmed that strain JLS0502 was Leclercia adecarboxylata，while strain JLS0413 was Enterobacter ludwigii.Treatment with strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 significantly improved the germination rate of tobacco seeds and promoted root elongation. Pot experiments showed that strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 significantly improved agronomic traits，including plant height，fresh weight，and root morphology of tobacco. Specifically，compared to the uninoculated control，the plant height，total fresh weight，root fresh weight，total root surface area，and total root volume increased by 66.05%，55.82%，59.30%，22.55%，29.37%，and 75.38%，66.29%，105.23%，90.15%，and 140.48%，respectively.Furthermore，the levels of plant hormones，including brassinolide（BR），gibberellin（GA），and indole⁃3⁃acetic acid（IAA），as well as the activities of defense enzymes，such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase（PAL），catalase（CAT），peroxidase（POD），polyphenol oxidase（PPO），and superoxide dismutase（SOD），were significantly higher in the tobacco leaves than in the control group.These findings highlight the significant growth⁃promoting effects of strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 on tobacco. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advance in Biological Pollutants in Agricultural Irrigation with Reclaimed Water ZHANG Hongwei, CUI Bingjian, LIU Chuncheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (3): 1-16.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.001 Abstract （484）      PDF （1369KB）（428）       Knowledge map    Save Rational and safe utilization of reclaimed water is one of the effective ways to alleviate the shortage of freshwater resources in farmland irrigation.Reclaimed water contains certain nutrient elements，but also contains certain harmful elements. Through literature review，this paper introduced in detail the research progress of reclaimed water utilization in agricultural irrigation from the aspects of definition and utilization of reclaimed water，types of biological pollutants，risk identification of biological pollution and risk control technology of reclaimed water quality in order to provide the references for the utilization of reclaimed water.The key future researches on reclaimed water utilization in agriculture were put forward，including evaluating the safety of reclaimed water utilization through long‐term positioning tests，analyzing the half‐life of antibiotics and other emerging pollutants in reclaimed water，formulating corresponding utilization standards，and developing low‐cost and rapid sewage treatment technology. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of miRNAs Related to High Temperature Stress in Maize Pollen and Analysis of Their Target Genes LI Chuan, ZHANG Panpan, ZHANG Meiwei, NIU Jun, MU Weilin, GUO Hanxiao, QIAO Jiangfang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (2): 1-16.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.001 Abstract （2514）      PDF （4835KB）（427）       Knowledge map    Save By using high⁃throughput miRNA sequencing technology，differentially expressed miRNAs were indentified in pollens of high heat tolerant maize variety Zhengdan 958 and low heat tolerant maize variety Xianyu 335 under high temperature stress at flowering stage，their target genes were predicted，and the enrichment analysis of genetic characteristics and metabolic pathways of these target genes were conducted. The results showed that a total of 818 miRNA precursor sequences were identified. Nineteen significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were screened in the group of Zhengdan 958 pollen under high temperature stress compared with the control pollen under normal condition(HT958 vs CK958). Among them，15 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated，4 miRNA sequences were down⁃regulated，and expression level difference of 3 miRNA sequences reached extremely significant level(P<0.01).The predicted results of target genes of 19 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 503 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，microtubule⁃based process，hosphorylation，positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase Ⅱ ，methylation and so on，and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were glutathione metabolism，carbon metabolism，arachidonic acid metabolism lycolysis/gluconeogenesis，folate biosynthesis and so on. Fiveteen significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the group of Xianyu 335 pollen under high temperature stress compared with the control pollen(HT335 vs CK335). Among them，7 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated,8 were down⁃regulated，and the expression level difference of 1 miRNA sequence reached highly significant level(P<0.01).The predicted results of target genes of 15 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 454 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，phosphorylation，protein phosphorylation,proteolysis，DNA repair and so on，and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were other glycan degradation,linoleic acid metabolism,metabolic pathways，thiamine metabolism，protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and so on.Eighty⁃five significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the group of Zhengdan 958 pollen under high temperature stress compared with Xianyu 335 pollen under high temperature stress(HT985 vs HT335). Among them，35 miRNA sequences were up⁃regulated，50 were down⁃regulated，and expression level difference of 24 miRNA sequences reached extremely significant level(P<0.01). The predicted results of target genes of 85 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 2 286 gene transcripts were obtained，their enriched GO biological process terms included regulation of transcription，DNA⁃templated，phosphorylation,protein phosphorylation,proteolysis,transmembrane transport and so on，the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were sphingolipidmetabolism，starch and sucrose metabolism，other glycan degradation，metabolic pathways，cysteine and methionine metabolism and so on. Ninety⁃four significantly differentially expressed miRNA sequences were identified in the HT958 vs CK958 group compared with HT335 vs CK335 group. The predicted results of target genes of 94 differentially expressed miRNA sequences showed that a total of 4 569 gene transcripts were obtained.Among them，the expression level difference of 28 miRNA sequences showed extremely significant(P<0.01),including PC⁃3p⁃10069_1143C⁃3p⁃18335_646，zma⁃miR164f⁃5p and so on. The enriched GO biological process terms of target genes of 94 differentially expressed miRNA sequences included regulation of transcription,DNA⁃templated,phosphorylation,protein phosphorylation,protein transport,proteolysis and so on,and the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways were protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum，ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes，spliceosome，sphingolipid metabolism，endocytosis and so on. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of Dumas Combustion Method and Kjeldahl Nitrogen Determination Method in Determination of Total Nitrogen in Fertilizer JIA Bin, SHANG Lijun, PAN Jie, SUN Hongmei, WANG Ying, YUAN Erding Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (2): 85-91.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.009 Abstract （527）      PDF （1394KB）（415）       Knowledge map    Save To evaluate the applicability of Dumas combustion method and Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method in determining the total nitrogen content of different types of fertilizers,20 different types of nitrogen⁃containing fertilizers and 4 standard samples were selected as experimental objects.Dumas combustion method and Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method were used to determine the total nitrogen content,and the precision,accuracy,correlation of the results,and advantages and disadvantages of the two methods were compared.The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two methods in determining fertilizers without nitrate nitrogen,but the precision of Dumas combustion method was higher.When measuring nitrate nitrogen⁃containing fertilizers,there was a significant difference in the results of the two methods.The results of Dumas combustion method were closer to the true content and had good repeatability,while Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method had a lower value and poor repeatability.For urea nitrogen fertilizers with high nitrogen content,the precision of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method was slightly higher than that of Dumas combustion method.Taking into account factors such as environmental friendliness,work efficiency,experimental costs,precision and accuracy of the measurement results,Dumas combustion method is more suitable for determining the total nitrogen content of fertilizers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and Evaluation of Comprehensive Traits of Wheat Varieties in Henan Province Consortium Experiment ZHANG Huifang, YAN Zhaoling, LIU Haijiao, DUAN Junzhi, CHEN Haiyan, GUO Yan, WANG Nan, YANG Cuiping, QI Hongzhi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (7): 35-43.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.07.005 Abstract （299）      PDF （1254KB）（410）       Knowledge map    Save Consortium experiment is a new measure to broaden the channels of crop variety approval experiment under the current agricultural situation in China.In order to deeply understand the experiment capacity of wheat consortium experiment in Henan Province and master the agronomic traits and quality traits of its varieties，comparative analysis and evaluation were conducted between the consortium experiment varieties and the provincial unified experiment varieties，based on the wheat varieties approved by Henan Province in the past three years（2021—2023）.The results showed that Henan Province approved a total of 355 wheat varieties from 2021 to 2023，including 187 consortium experiment varieties.The consortium experiment capacity showed an upward trend，and the proportion of varieties increased from 48.3% in 2021 to 61.2% in 2023.The consortium experimental group was single，mainly including winter wheat‑irrigation group. In the winter wheat‑irrigation group，when applicants independently applied for varieties，the proportion of universities and research institutes through consortium experiment channel was higher than that through provincial unified experiment channel，and individual applicants were more inclined to provincial unified experiment channel.Compared with the provincial unified experiment，the difference of agronomic traits of the consortium experiment wheat was larger at the early stage and smaller at the later stage. Among the 7 agronomic traits，5 traits were significantly or extremely significantly different in 2021，and 2 traits were significantly different in 2023.The difference of quality traits was relatively smaller，but also showed the rule of large at the early stage and small at the late stage. Among the 7 quality traits，2 traits were significantly different in 2021，and there was no significant difference in 2023.The variation coefficient and diversity of agronomic and quality traits of the consortium experiment varieties were greater than those of provincial unified experiment varieties. Principal component analysis was used to transform 14 agronomic and quality traits into 7 principal components，which reflected 81.51% of the original information.The evaluation results based on principal component analysis showed that among the top 50 varieties with comprehensive scores，the varieties with higher comprehensive scores in the wheat consortium experiment accounted for a relatively smaller proportion of all varieties.In 2021 and 2023，there were 5 and 14 varieties respectively，accounting for 9.3% and 17.9% of all consortium experiment varieties.The varieties with higher comprehensive scores in the provincial unified experiment accounted for a relatively larger proportion of all varieties，with 4 and 5 in 2021 and 2023，respectively，accounting for 19.0% and 35.7% of all provincial unified experiment varieties.In summary，the capacity of Henan wheat consortium experiment is constantly increasing，and the dispersion of agronomic and quality traits is relatively larger；The gap of comprehensive scores of varieties between the consortium experiment and the provincial unified experiment is narrowing；Relevant departments can adjust and optimize the consortium experimental group according to the market in the future，focus on the issues of consortium experiment channel，and promote the high‑quality development of the consortium experiment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rhizome Quality Characteristics of Polygonatum rhizoma in Different Habitats and Driving Factors in Rhizosphere Soil Environment YU Gao, WANG Hai, MO Zhongmei, CHEN Fen Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (12): 57-68.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.12.007 Abstract （421）      PDF （1358KB）（403）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen the dominant environmental factors affecting the quality of Polygonatum rhizoma，the rhizomes and rhizosphere soils of Polygonatum rhizoma from different sources in 15 plots（S1—S15）around Fanjing Mountain，Tongren City，Guizhou Province，were used as materials，rhizome quality indexes of Polygonatum rhizoma and rhizosphere soil pH value，nutrient content and soil enzyme activity were determined，the correlation between rhizome quality indexes and soil environmental factors was analyzed，and principal component analysis（PCA）was used to screen out the driving factors in soil environment affecting rhizome quality of Polygonatum rhizoma.The results showed that there were certain differences in the rhizome drying rate，extract content，polysaccharides content，and total ash content of Polygonatum rhizoma under different habitat conditions and basal sources.Among them，Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua had the highest drying rate，Polygonatum sibircum Red.had the highest content of extract，and Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.had the highest polysaccharide content and the lowest total ash content.The average drying rate and polysaccharide content of 4‐year‐old Polygonatum rhizoma were higher than those of 5‐year‐old Polygonatum rhizoma，while the extract content was lower than that of 5‐year‐old Polygonatum rhizoma.The pH value of rhizosphere soil was moderate，except that the contents of organic matter，available nitrogen in S6，S12 and S15 and available potassium in S3 and S9 were deficient（level four），the rhizosphere soils of other plots were rich in nutrients and enzymes，which was suitable for the growth and development of Polygonatum rhizoma.Correlation analysis showed that soil enzyme activity was closely related to nutrient content in rhizosphere，and the quality of Polygonatum rhizoma was directly or indirectly affected by soil environmental factors such as soil pH value，nutrient content and enzyme activity.Principal component analysis indicated that the main soil environmental factors affecting rhizome quality of Polygonatum rhizoma were sucrase，catalase，pH value，organic matter，total nitrogen，alkali‐hydrolyzed nitrogen，acid phosphatase，available potassium，and the comprehensive scores of S1，S4，S7 and S14 were higher in different plots. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular Identification and Biological Characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum Infecting Peanuts in Henan Province SANG Suling, WANG Zhenyu, LI Shaojian, FAN Wanwan, GAO Meng, CUI Xiaowei, ZHANG Haiyan, FENG Lanlan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (4): 102-110.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.011 Abstract （307）      PDF （1610KB）（390）       Knowledge map    Save To identify the taxonomic properties of the pathogen of peanut bacterial wilt disease in Henan Province,30 strains collected from different regions in Henan Province were comparatively characterized in terms of 16S rDNA sequences,carbohydrate utilization,pathogenicity,evolutionary type,and sequence variation.The results showed that,based on the 16S rDNA sequencing results of these 30 strains,the pathogen causing peanut wilt disease was R.solanacearum;all the strains could infect eggplant，chili pepper,potato,tobacco,and tomato,but did not infect ginger and belonged to physiological race 1;based on the analysis of the ability to utilize three disaccharides and three hexanols，four strains were classified as biovar Ⅱ,10 strains as biovar Ⅲ,and 16 strains as biovar V;all the strains were able to produce 144 bp specific band for evolutionary type Ⅰ and 280 bp specific band for R.solanacearum through multiplex PCR amplification,which indicated that all of the strains belonged to the evolutionary type Ⅰ,i.e.,the Asian group 13 of R.solanacearum;based on the phylogenetic analysis of the egl gene,all the strains from Henan were clustered together with Gx525,Ah⁃XnJn⁃12⁃6,and HA2⁃1,belonging to sequence variant 14. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Thidiazuron Compounded with Plant Growth Retardant on Cotton Growth，Development and Yield WU Gang, TIAN Yangqing, ZHAO Qiang, LI Xinxin, MUNIRE·Abudouuaini, WANG Wenqing, ZHANG Jiahao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (4): 47-56.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.006 Abstract （302）      PDF （2140KB）（385）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the regulatory effects of foliar application of thidiazuron in combination with different plant growth retardants on the growth，development，and yield of cotton，a field experiment was conducted from July to October 2022 in Tuanjie Village，Hailou Town，Shaya County，Xinjiang.Xinluzhong 84 was chosen as the test cotton variety. Thidiazuron at 0.1% concentration was used as the main agent，combined with chlormequat chloride（W1），calcium prohexadione（W2），uniconazole（W3），and flurprimidol（W4），with water serving as the control group（CK）.A randomized block design was employed，with a spray application before and after chemical topping，to analyze their effects on cotton agronomic traits，dry matter accumulation and distribution，leaf area index，SPAD value，and yield.The results showed that the W3 treatment performed the best across all measured indices. Specifically，at the boll opening stage，compared to CK，plant height，plant width，the length of the 3rd fruiting branch，the length of the 7th fruiting branch，and leaf branch length in the W3 treatment decreased by 1.23%，3.14%，10.96%，11.72%，and 18.92%，respectively；at 30 days after treatment，the SPAD value and the dry matter accumulation of buds and bolls increased by 2.05% and 9.98%，respectively，the proportion of dry matter in reproductive organs increased by 7.61%，and the leaf area index increased by 10.85% compared to CK；the number of bolls per plant and seed cotton yield increased by 11.28% and 11.23%，respectively，compared to CK.In conclusion，application of 0.1% thidiazuron 450 mL/ha + 5% uniconazole 75 g/ha before and after chemical topping can effectively suppress cotton indefinite growth，enhance leaf area index and leaf SPAD value，promote reproductive growth in cotton plants，increase the number of bolls per plant，and significantly increase cotton yield. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Heavy Metal Stress Effects and Phytoremediation Mechanism of Forage Grass WU Yafen, ZHOU Liuting, WANG Yixiang, LUO Tao, HUANG Xiaoyun, HUANG Xiusheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (1): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.01.001 Abstract （380）      PDF （1380KB）（351）       Knowledge map    Save Soil heavy metal pollution is the main factor that causes the decline of ecological environment quality，the excessive content of heavy metals in crops and the harm to human health. Phytoremediation is one of the important ways to control heavy metals，which has both ecological and economic benefits.However，most plant species have limited remediation ability and cannot achieve good heavy metal removal effect. In contrast，forage grass is easy to cultivate，with large biomass and short growth cycle.It shows strong remediation ability in the treatment of heavy metal contaminated soil，and has good application prospect and development value. Based on the current situation of heavy metal contaminated soil remediation by herbage plants，the response characteristics of herbage plants under heavy metal stress，the enrichment effect of heavy metals and the remediation mechanism were systematically expounded，aiming to provide reference for the efficient use of herbage plants for heavy metal contaminated soil treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Solid‑State Fermentation Process of Artemisia argyi and Its Inhibitory Effect on PRRSV LI Peng, WANG Junru, FENG Lili, WANG Huajian, AN Na, LEI Mengyao, ZHENG Hongshuang, WANG Liping, LIU Xingyou Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (6): 128-137.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.06.014 Abstract （296）      PDF （3582KB）（347）       Knowledge map    Save In order to study the inhibitory effect of Artemisia argyi as feed additive on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),the probiotic strains suitable for solid‑state fermentation of Artemisia argyi were screened,the fermentation process was optimized，and the changes of effective components and antiviral effect were studied.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)were used as the detection indexes,and Pediococcus acidilactici was screened out as the probiotic strain suitable for the solid‑state fermentation of Artemisia argyi.With the number of viable bacteria of Pediococcus acidilactici as the index,the solid‑state fermentation process of Artemisia argyi was optimized by single factor test and response surface analysis,and the components and cytotoxicity of the solid‑state fermentation products of Artemisia argyi were determined.The results showed that the optimum solid‑state fermentation process of Artemisia argyi was as follows:The material‑water ratio was 1∶0.95,the inoculation amount was 7%,the fermentation time was 41 h,and the temperature was 28.6℃.After solid‑state fermentation,the total flavonoids content of Artemisia argyi increased by 15.3%,the total polyphenols content increased by 22.4%,the total polysaccharides content decreased by 38.1%,the crude fiber content decreased by 1.69 percentage points,and the cytotoxicity decreased by 50%.The extracts of Artemisia argyi before and after solid‑state fermentation were added to Marc145 cells infected with PRRSV.After 72 h,the proliferation of PRRSV was detected by immunoperoxidase monolayer assay(IPMA)and real‑time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qPCR).When the concentration of Artemisia argyi was 0.625—1.25 mg/mL,the inhibitory effect of solid‑state fermentation group on PRRSV was higher than that of non‑fermentation group，and the viral load decreased from 9.24×106 copies/μL to 7.90×103 copies/μL.The above results showed that the active ingredients were fully released and the antiviral effect was enhanced after solid‑state fermentation of Artemisia argyi. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of Cellulose and Lignin Degrading Bacteria and Their Effect on Composting of Mushroom Residue WANG Xianxin, QI Lihua, SONG Jiangfu, ZHANG Qingge, LIU Congcong, ZHANG Qi, SONG Feifei, XU Ailing Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (9): 66-79.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.007 Abstract （878）      PDF （6107KB）（342）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen high‑efficiency composite bacteria that promote the degradation of cellulose and lignin in the composting process of mushroom residue,sodium carboxymethyl cellulose plate method,Congo red staining method and lignin plate method were used for preliminary screening，combined with filter paper strip disintegration test,aniline blue decolorization rate determination and cellulose and lignin enzyme activity determination test for rescreening from the mushroom residue waste,and then they were used for aerobic composting test to study the physical and chemical parameters and microbial community changes in the process,and to evaluate their degradation ability of cellulose and lignin in mushroom residue.The results showed that the enriched cellulose‑degrading bacteria could completely degrade the filter paper within 6 days,and the activities of carboxymethyl cellulase(CMCase),filter paper enzyme(FPA),exoglucanase(C1)and β‑glucosidase(β‑Gase)reached 2.50,7.30,3.43 and 2.90 U/mL,respectively.The maximum decolorization rate of aniline blue reached 92.10% within 5 days by enriched lignin degrading bacteria，and the activities of lignin peroxidase(Lac),laccase(Lip)and manganese peroxidase(Mnp)reached 0.80,2.42 and 1.35 U/mL,respectively.The results of composting test showed that compared with the natural composting treatment(CK),the highest temperature of the pile body was 58.77℃,and the high temperature(>55℃)lasted for 5 days.The relative decomposition rate of cellulose and lignin increased by 35.83% and 54.33% respectively.The addition of microbial agents increased the richness of bacterial community in the middle stage of composting,and the relative abundance of Pseudomonas,Idiomarina,lutamicibacter,Thiopseudomonas,Globicatella,Pusillimonas,Lysobacter and Brumimicrobium increased. Redundancy analysis(RDA)results showed that temperature,pH value and electrical conductivity(EC value)were the significant factors affecting the composition of bacterial community in the middle stage of composting.In summary,the composite degrading bacteria screened in this study can effectively degrade cellulose and lignin,and prolong the high temperature period of composting Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Complete Gene Sequencing of Bacilus subtilis Isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa and Study of Genes Related to Growth‑promoting Effects LA Guixiao, WANG Linlin, GUO Junqi, ZHAO Yulong, GUO Hongxia, JIA Hui, YANG Tiegang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 75-85.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.008 Abstract （1186）      PDF （3510KB）（339）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the genes associated with the growth‑promoting effects of Bacillus subtilis in Rehmannia glutinosa，whole genome sequencing was performed in this study and the genes associated with the growth‑promoting effects were discovered through functional annotation.The results showed that the genome size of Bacillus subtilis，an endophytic growth‑promoting bacterium of Rehmannia glutinosa，was 4 310 699 bp，with a GC content of 43.44%，and a total of 4 521 predicted coding genes.A total of 3 013，3 354，4 395，206，52，and 212 functional genes were annotated in the clusters of orthologous groups（COG） ，gene ontology（GO） ，kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） ，carbohydrate‑active enzymes（CAZyme），comprehensive antibiotic resistance database（CARD），and virulence factor database（VFDB），respectively.The annotation results indicated that there were 46 genes related to growth‑promoting function，with the majority of these genes involved in phosphorus solubilization，nitrogen fixation，and iron carrier processes.In the meantime，anti‑SMASH predicted that a total of 409 genes were enriched into 12 secondary metabolite synthesis gene clusters，with the majority encoding eight repressors，including fengycin，1‑carbapen‑2‑em‑3‑carboxylic acid，bacillaene，bacilysin，subtilosin A，surfactin，pulcherriminic acid，and bacillibactin.Among these，pulcherriminic acid and bacillibactin had been observed to facilitate the chelation of ferric ions in the surrounding environment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Soybean and Maize Stubbles on Bacterial Community Structure and Function in Winter Wheat Rhizosphere Soil GUO Hui, LIAN Yanhao, ZHAO Zhibo, REN Yongzhe, WANG Zhiqiang, LIN Tongbao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (7): 79-89.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.07.009 Abstract （1579）      PDF （3686KB）（338）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the differences in the effects of maize stubble and soybean stubble in the Huang‑Huai‑Hai area，in 2023，rhizosphere soil samples at the jointing stage of winter wheat were collected under the conditions of long‑term positioning test fields for up to 4 years（2019—2023）.The responses of rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure and function to no nitrogen application（N0）and conventional nitrogen application（N240，pure nitrogen 240 kg/ha） were studied by using 16S high‑throughput sequencing technology combined with Tax4Fun2 function prediction analysis in the jointing stage of winter wheat under maize（M）stubble and soybean（S）stubble，respectively.There were four treatments（MN0，SN0，MN240，SN240）in total.The results showed that，at the phylum level，Proteobacteria，Acidobacteria，Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteriota were the dominant rhizosphere bacteria of winter wheat with a relative abundance of 66.66%—69.56%.Under N0 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in S stubble was significantly increased by 19.10% compared with that in M stubble（P<0.05），and under N240 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in S stubble was significantly increased by 11.90% compared with that in M stubble（P<0.05）.At the order level，Vicinamibacterales and Burkholderiales were the dominant bacteria with a relative abundance of 18.42%—19.68%. Under N0 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of Vicinamibacterales in S stubble was significantly reduced by 13.69% compared with that in M stubble（P<0.05）；The relative abundance of Burkholderiales was increased significantly by 11.31%（P<0.05）.Through the Tax4Fun2 function prediction and the KEGG data comparison，it was found that there were significant differences in the relative abundance of seven functional pathways under the metabolism category under N0 nitrogen application rate（P<0.05），and correlation analysis further revealed that there was a significant correlation between Vicinamibacterales and Burkholderiales and amino acid metabolism pathways（P<0.01）.There were 26 functional genes involved in soil nitrogen cycling pathway in winter wheat soil bacteria，and the relative abundance of denitrification functional genes accounted for the largest proportion.Under N0 nitrogen application rate，the relative abundance of denitrification functional genes norB，norC and nirS in M stubble was significantly higher than that in S stubble（P<0.05）.In conclusion，the stubble causes the soil bacterial community structure of winter wheat to change under different amount of nitrogen. Different stubble affects the nitrogen metabolism function of bacterial community by changing the structure of rhizosphere soil bacterial community. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of Leaf Anatomical Atructure and Stress Resistance Analysis of Wild Tea Plants in Panzhou City and Sandu County，Guizhou Province YANG Chun, SU Shengfeng, YANG Daixing, LIANG Sihui, GUO Yan, GUO Can, CHEN Zhengwu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (1): 48-61.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.01.006 Abstract （232）      PDF （3853KB）（328）       Knowledge map    Save To better develop and utilize wild tea germplasms in Panzhou City and Sandu County of Guizhou Province，a total of 24 wild tea plants distributed in the two areas were used as materials，and 23 leaf traits derived from their leaf morphology and anatomical structure characteristics were comparatively analyzed.Based on these traits and combined with the membership function method，the resistance of wild tea plants was analyzed.The results showed that there were obvious differences in leaf appearance between wild tea plants in Panzhou and Sandu. Among them，the leaf length（LL），leaf width（LW）and leaf area（LA）of wild tea plants in Panzhou were significantly larger than that of Sandu，but the leaf length‑to‑width ratio（LR）was the opposite.In addition，there were significant or extremely significant differences in 16 leaf anatomical structural traits such as leaf thickness（LT），thickness of palisade tissue（TP），cell amount（CA），main vein thickness（MVT）and density of calcium oxalate crystal（DCO）between wild tea plants in Panzhou and Sandu. Among them，the LT，TP and MVT of Panzhou wild tea plants were thicker，palisade tissue cells were more densely arranged，calcium oxalate crystals were more dense，and the thickness of upper（lower）epidermis cells was thinner.The pairwise correlation analysis of the above 23 leaf traits showed that 43 pairs of them were highly significantly positively correlated，23 pairs were significantly positively correlated，17 pairs were highly significantly negatively correlated，and 12 pairs were significantly negatively correlated. Cluster analysis showed that the 24 wild tea plants could be divided into 4 categories，with the MVT and short diameter of vascular bundle（SDV）being the main basis for the classification. The results of stress resistance evaluation showed that Panzhou wild tea plants were slightly better than Sandu wild tea plants in drought and cold resistance.According to the average membership function value，SD‑20‑2，SD‑20‑3，PZ‑05 and PZ‑09 were selected as high resistance wild tea germplasms for breeding resistant tea cultivars. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Detection and Counting of Sesame Capsules per Plant Based on Improved YOLOv8‐Track Model LI Chenhao, WANG Chuan, LI Guoqiang, ZHAO Qiaoli, YANG Ping, WANG Kai, CHANG Shenglong, ZHENG Guoqing Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (4): 155-166.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.016 Abstract （167）      PDF （8337KB）（325）       Knowledge map    Save Sesame capsules are an essential factor in the composition of sesame yield. In order to realize the accurate detection and counting of sesame capsules per plant，using object detection，multiple targets tracking and other technologies for dynamic tracking of capsules per plant is helpful to improve the efficiency of sesame breeding and cultivation management. Aiming at the phenomena of sesame capsules，such as small target，dense growth and overlapping occlusion，this study taked YOLOv8‐Track as the benchmark model，introduced small target detection head and Shuffle attention mechanism into the feature fusion network，and introduced MPDIOU loss function in the post‐processing stage of the model to construct SD‐YOLOv8‐Track model.In addition，this study utilized the ID counting method of model ByteTrack multi‐target tracking algorithm to track and count sesame capsules using a single rotating video of sesame as the model input. The results showed that when taking a single picture as input，the accuracy，recall，and mean average precision of the SD‐YOLOv8‐Track model for detecting capsules were 92.25%，92.4%，and 92.58%，respectively，indicating 5.94，6.6，and 6.31 percentage points higher than those of the original model YOLOv8‐Track.For the rotating video as input，the multiple object tracking accuracy and multiple object tracking precision of SD‐YOLOv8‐Track model were 89. 42% and 88.23%，respectively，which were 4.23 and 4.60 percentage points higher than the original model.The accuracy，missed detection rate，and error detection rate of the SD‐YOLOv8‐Track model were 93.27%，3.85%，and 2.88%，respectively.The accuracy rate was 5.61 percentage points higher than that of the original model，and the missed detection rate and false detection rate were 3.84 and 1.77 percentage points lower than that of the original model.The improved SD‐YOLOv8‐Track model performs better in detecting sesame capsules and is suitable for dynamic complete counting of sesame capsules in a plant. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Difference Analysis of Metabolic Profiles of Upper Leaves from Different Plant Types of Qushou No.1 LI Jincheng, ZHANG Li, WANG Weimin, ZHENG Hongbin, HAN Dan, JIA Wei, SHI Jiuchang, XU Zicheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (5): 60-69.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.05.007 Abstract （223）      PDF （6806KB）（323）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the differences in yield,quality and metabolomics of flue‑cured tobacco under different plant types，with Qushou No.1 as the experimental material，the metabolites of upper leaves at the mature stage of two plant types were analyzed by LC‑MS non‑targeted metabonomics technique combined with the determination of chemical components and sensory quality.The results showed that compared with umbrella‑type tobacco plants,the plant height and effective leaf number of cylinder‑type tobacco plants increased,and the maximum leaf area decreased.The overall chemical composition coordination and sensory quality of the cylinder‑type tobacco plants were better than those of the umbrella‑type tobacco plants.The yield of cylinder‑type tobacco plants was 5.2% lower than that of umbrella‑type tobacco plants，but the average price and output value increased by 25.0% and 20.4%.Through partial least squares‑discriminate analysis(PLS‑DA),123 differential metabolites were screened out, including amino acids,organic acids,sugars,flavonoids and alkaloids,in which N‑formyl‑L‑methionine,2‑oxoarginine,phenylacetylglutamine,trehalose,3‑keto‑β‑D‑galactose,D‑mannose,2‑phenylethanol，jasmonic acid might be the key metabolites in response to different plant types.Thedifferential metabolites were significantly enriched in the pathways of amino acid metabolism and glucose metabolism.Among them，nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism pathway,alanine,aspartic acid and glutamic acid metabolism pathway,and tryptophan metabolism pathway played important regulating roles in the formation of intrinsic quality under different plant types. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Predation Ability and Preference of Arma chinensis against Helicoverpa armigera Larvae CHEN Junhua, LI Feifan, DU Yueqing, XIE Jiaxin, ZHANG Qiaoqiao, WANG Chenxu, GUO Shibao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 109-118.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.011 Abstract （293）      PDF （1762KB）（322）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the biological control potential of Arma chinensis on Helicoverpa armigera larvae，we measured the predatory functional responses and search effects of 3rd—4th instar A.chinensis nymphs and female adults on 2nd—4th instar H.armigera larvae under controlled indoor conditions.We also investigated the intraspecific interference effects of 5th instar A.chinensis nymphs，as well as male and female adults，on predation of 2nd instar H.armigera，along with the predation preferences of female A.chinensis adults for 3rd instar H.armigera larvae versus Tenebrio molitor pupae. The results indicated that both nymphs of the 3rd and 4th instars and female adults were capable of preying on 2nd—4th instar H.armigera，with their predatory response conforming to Holling’s type Ⅱ model.The control efficiency across different developmental stages of A.chinensis was ranked as follows：female adults>4th instar nymphs>3rd instar nymphs.Notably，the amount preyed upon by individuals of the same age decreased as prey age increased，with maximum daily predation rates recorded at 36.778 for female adults，28.351 for 4th instar nymphs，and 26.938 for 3rd instar nymphs targeting 2nd instar H.armigera，which demonstrated that female adults exhibited the highest predation capacity against these larvae.Furthermore，our findings revealed that search efficiency improved as prey density decreased，while intraspecific interference among A.chinensis was influenced by their own density in the following order：5th instar nymphs>male adults>female adults. Regarding predation preference，when both T.molitor pupae and 3rd instar H.armigera larvae were present，A.chinensis showed a stronger inclination to prey on the pupae.These insights provide a valuable foundation for future research into indoor propagation strategies for enhancing the biological control capabilities of A.chinensis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Antifungal Activity and Nano‑selenization Application of Paenilbacillus polymyxa YUAN Lianlian, LIU Tianbo, LI Xiaodong, DENG Zhengyu, TENG Kai, SHEN Lili, JIAO Yubing, WANG Yingwen, YANG Jinguang, LI Ying Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (1): 101-108.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.010 Abstract （180）      PDF （7473KB）（320）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen the microorganisms with good control effect for the control of crop fungal diseases，the disease resistance and nano‑selenization of Paenobacillus polymyxa KZJ‑1 were studied.The results showed that KZJ‑1 bacteriological solution had good inhibition effect on Colletotrichum micotianaeThanatephorus cucumeris，Thielaviopsis basicola and Phytophthora parasitica，with inhibition rates of 49.78%，53.64%，46.42% and 58.85%，respectively.In addition，the strain KZJ‑1 could biosynthesize nano‑selenium，and the active solution of nano‑selenium with different concentrations had a good inhibitory effect on Phytophthora parasitica，and the inhibitory effect was enhanced with the increase of the concentration of sodium selenite added.At the same time，the pot experiment results showed that KZJ‑1 and its nano‑selenium active bacterial solution could effectively prevent and control tobacco black shank disease and promote the growth of tobacco plants.The disease index of tobacco black shank disease treated with nano‑selenium active bacterial solution was the lowest after 7 days of irrigation，and the control effect reached 90.23%，and the control effect decreased slightly to 83.32% after 14 days，both of which were significantly higher than that of the control.The growth rate of plant height，maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width were 16.21%，31.74% and 33.61%，respectively.It can be seen that the biosynthesis of nano‑selenium by strain KZJ‑1 enhanced the disease resistance and growth promotion ability of the original strain，and had certain practical application value in production. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Low Nitrogen Stress on Nitrogen Accumulation，Metabolism，Yield and Quality of Wheat Varieties with Different Nitrogen Efficiency QI Xueli, MA Jie, ZHAO Mingzhong, DONG Haibin, ZHANG Yu, XU Guozhen Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (4): 30-36.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.004 Abstract （432）      PDF （1408KB）（316）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of low nitrogen stress on net photosynthetic rate，nitrogen accumulation，nitrogen metabolic enzyme activity，root traits，yield and quality of Zhengmai 0943 with nitrogen use efficiency index of 1.557 and Zhoumai 18 with nitrogen use efficiency index of 0.895 were analyzed，so as to provide reference for high nitrogen efficiency breeding and cost⁃saving cultivation technology research.The results showed that under normal nitrogen and low nitrogen treatments，the net photosynthetic rate at 7，14 and 21 days after anthesis，net photosynthetic rate at 10：00—15：00 at 14 days after anthesis，activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase，nitrogen accumulation of straw and grain at maturity，and yield of Zhengmai 0943 were significantly higher than those of Zhoumai 18. Under low nitrogen treatment，the above indexes were significantly lower than those under normal nitrogen treatment，and the reduction rates of Zhengmai 0943 were lower than those of Zhoumai 18，among which the yield of Zhengmai 0943 decreased by 21.40%，and Zhoumai 18 decreased by 24.87%.Under low nitrogen treatment，the total root length，root surface area and root activity of Zhengmai 0943 were significantly higher than those of Zhoumai 18.The root traits of the two wheat varieties under low nitrogen treatment were significantly higher than those under normal nitrogen treatment，and the increase rates of Zhengmai 0943 were higher than those of Zhoumai 18.Low nitrogen stress significantly affected the quality of the two wheat varieties，but Zhengmai 0943 was less affected. Compared with normal nitrogen treatment，the decrease rates of protein content，wet gluten content，stability time，maximum tensile resistance and tensile area of Zhengmai 0943 under low nitrogen treatment were lower than those of Zhoumai 18.All parameters of Zhengmai 0943 reached the standard of medium⁃strong gluten wheat，except for the tensile area. In summary，Zhengmai 0943 is more tolerant to low nitrogen than Zhoumai 18，low nitrogen has less influence on its photosynthetic rate，nitrogen accumulation，nitrogen metabolic enzyme activity，root，yield and quality，and it has better photosynthetic characteristics，higher nitrogen absorption and assimilation ability，and more developed root system，so obtains higher yield and better quality under low nitrogen treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and Indoor Fungicide Screening of Pathogen Causing Leaf Spot on Rehmannia glutinosa LI Haicheng, WANG Fanzhen, JIANG Yongcheng, SONG Xin, CHEN Zhaorong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (4): 92-101.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.010 Abstract （256）      PDF （3777KB）（307）       Knowledge map    Save In order to identify the pathogen species and its biological characteristics of Rehmannia glutinosa leaf spot in Jizhou area of Tianjin City,and to screen effective pesticides for controlling the pathogen of R.glutinosa leaf spot，the methods of diseased leaves collection,strain isolation，microscopic observation,in vitro inoculation,ITS,EF1‑α,Tub multiple genes sequence alignment and evolutionary tree analysis were used to islolate,purify and identify the pathogen of R.glutinosa leaf spot by morphology,pathogenicity and molecular biology.The biological characteristics of the pathogen in three media and four carbon and nitrogen sources were studied.At the same time,the virulence of four fungicides was determined.The results showed that the pathogen A1 isolated from the leaf spot of R.glutinosa was Fusarium equiseti.The optimum medium,nitrogen source and carbon source were Czapek medium,glycine and sucrose,respectively.The results of laboratory efficacy test showed that 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion had the best inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of pathogen,the concentration for 50% of maximal effect(EC50)was 63.69 mg/L,and the inhibition rate of mycelial growth was up to 83.64%.75% chlorothalonil wettable powder had the worst inhibitory effect,with EC50 of 355.06 mg/L,and the maximum inhibitory rate of mycelial growth was 64.63%.In conclusion,F.equiseti was the pathogen of R.glutinosa leaf spot in Jizhou district of Tianjin,and 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion has the best controlling effect on the pathogen of R.glutinosa leaf spot. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Nitrogen Inhibitors HUANG Boxuan, ZHENG Cangsong, SUN Miao, SHAO Jingjing, FENG Weina, LI Pengcheng, DONG Helin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.001 Abstract （536）      PDF （1303KB）（307）       Knowledge map    Save Nitrogen inhibitors have the advantages of increasing crop yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency，and reducing nitrogen application costs and environmental pollution risks，providing a technological pathway for the green and efficient development of modern agriculture.They mainly included nitrification inhibitors and urease inhibitors.This article summarized the research and development history，mechanism of action，and application effects of nitrification inhibitors and urease inhibitors，and prospected their future research directions，in order to provide reference for the development and utilization of nitrogen inhibitors. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Light Weight Detection Algorithm for Apple Surface Defect Based on Improved YOLOv7 LI Dahua, KONG Shu, LI Dong, YU Xiao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (3): 141-150.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.015 Abstract （1222）      PDF （4276KB）（305）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at how to improve the detection speed and accuracy of apple surface defects and solve the problem of large model memory ratio，a lightweight detection algorithm for apple surface defects based on improved YOLOv7 was proposed. Firstly，GhostNetV2 was introduced as the backbone of YOLOv7 network，which effectively reduced the model complexity and improved the detection speed.SimAM attention‐free mechanism was introduced to enhance the feature information of different depth.The bidirectional weighted feature pyramid BiFPN was used for weighted feature fusion to further improve the detection accuracy of apple surface defects.Finally，the ECIOU loss function was used to calculate the boundary frame loss，which further improved the convergence speed and the overall performance of the model.Experimental results showed that compared with the original YOLOv7 network，the improved model improved the apple surface defect detection mAP@0.5 by 2 percentage points，the accuracy rate and recall rate by 1.7 and 3.9 percentage points respectively. The model decreased by 20.8 MB and the speed increased by 36.43 FPS.Its comprehensive performance was also better than SSD，CenterNet and other mainstream algorithms，which can realize the rapid and accurate diagnosis of apple surface defects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Response of Root Development and Auxin in Tea Plants to Different Nitrogen Forms HUANG Shuangjie, LI Mengzhen, LUO Jinlei, CHANG Yali, ZHANG Yali, GUO Guiyi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (7): 54-65.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.07.007 Abstract （310）      PDF （2369KB）（302）       Knowledge map    Save Tea plants（Camellia sinensis）prefer NH4+ as the dominant nitrogen（N）source.Although it has been proven that the use of mixed nitrate（NO3-）and ammonium（NH4+）as a N source can improve plant growth，whether genotypic difference in response to mixed nutrition exists in different tea plants remains obscure.Two tea cultivars（Camellia sinensis cv.Xinyang 10 and Zhongcha 108）were grown at three ratios of NH4+/NO3-（4∶0，3∶1 and 0∶4）to elucidate how the ratio of NH4+/NO3- modulate the architecture of the root system by investigating root growth，N content and auxin content as well as the expression of related genes.Xinyang 10 had the highest root and shoot dry matter and root N content under mixed nutrition（3∶1）And Xinyang 10 had the longer adventitious roots under mixed nutrition relative to sole NH4+，but no difference was observed in growth of lateral root between sole NH4+ andmixed nutrition treatments.IAA content was significantly increased in the roots of Xinyang 10，but significantly decreased in its leaves.Response of Zhongcha 108 to ratios of NH4+/NO3- was different from Xinyang 10.Shoot biomass and N content of root and shoot in Zhongcha 108 were significantly reduced under mixed nutrition relative to sole NH4+，while length of adventitious root increased，but not reaching statistical significance. Compared with sole NH4+，mixed nutrition increased length of lateral root but decreased the number and density of lateral roots in Zhongcha 108.And the IAA content in roots of Zhongcha 108 was significantly reduced under mixed nutrition relative to sole NH4+，but not in its leaves.The results of qRT‑PCR showed that auxin synthetic genes CsTSA，CsNIT1，transportation genes CsPIN3a，CsPIN3b and response genes CsARF3，CsIAA27 in roots of Xinyang 10 were significantly up‑regulated under mixed nutrition compared with sole NH4+；however，auxin synthetic genes CsNIT1，CsNIT2，transportation CsABCB4 and response genes CsARF1，CsARF3，CsARF5，CsARF6 in roots of Zhongcha 108 were significantly down‑regulated under mixed nutrition compared with sole NH4+. In conclusion，Xinyang 10 and Zhongcha 108 have genotypic differences when responding to N forms.The former is tolerant to NO3- and suitable for growth at the ratio of NH4+/NO3- as 3∶1，while the latter is sensitive to NO3- and suitable for growth under sole NH4+ nutrition. Under the ratio of NH4+/NO3- at 3∶1，auxin transport to roots of Xinyang 10 increases but to those of Zhongcha 108 decreases，which may be one of the physiological mechanisms conferring different response of different tea roots to N forms. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Water Extracts of Codonopsis pilosula on Medicines Seeds and Their Seedlings FENG Wangmei, ZHANG Junsong, JIAO Na, CHEN Hongfu, YANG Jutian, GAO Dandan, GUO Penghui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (4): 57-64.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.007 Abstract （208）      PDF （2236KB）（301）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the effects of different concentrations of Codonopsis pilosula straw water extract on the seed germination and seedling growth of three traditional Chinese medicines,Astragalus membranaceus,Scutellaria baicalensis,and Bupleurum chinense DC,five concentrations of Codonopsis pilosula straw water extract were set at 0,0.025，0.050，0.100，and 0.200 g/mL to study their allelopathic effects on the seed germination and seedling growth of the three traditional Chinese medicines.The results showed that the water extract of C.pilosula straw significantly reduced the seed germination rate and germination index of three traditional Chinese medicines,and the higher the concentration of the water extract,the greater the inhibitory effect.There were differences in the allelopathic effects of the water extract of C.pilosula straw on the seedling growth of three traditional Chinese medicines. Different concentrations had a promoting effect on the height of A.membranaceus seedlings,while low concentrations promoted and high concentrations inhibited the root length，fresh and dry weight of seedlings;The high concentration extract of C.pilosula straw soaked in water inhibited the height of S.baicalensis seedlings,but different concentrations had a promoting effect on the root length，fresh and dry weight of S.baicalensis seedlings;The water extract of C.pilosula straw with different concentrations showed strong inhibitory effects on the growth of B.chinense DC seedlings.The water extract of C.pilosula straw had allelopathic inhibitory effects on the seed germination of three traditional Chinese medicines,but there were differences in allelopathic effects on growth indicators of A.membranaceus and S.baicalensis seedlings.The influence of water extract of C.pilosula straw on the comprehensive allelopathic effect index of three traditional Chinese medicines also varied.The comprehensive allelopathic effect index on S.baicalensis was greater than 0,indicating a promoting effect.The comprehensive allelopathic effect index of 0.025 g/mL C.pilosula straw water extract treatment on A.membranaceus was greater than 0,indicating a promoting effect.At other concentrations，the comprehensive allelopathic effect index was less than 0,indicating an inhibitory effect.The comprehensive allelopathic effect index on B.chinense DC was less than 0,indicating an inhibitory effect. Compared with A.membranaceus and S.baicalensis，the aqueous extract of C.pilosula straw has a stronger inhibitory effect on B. chinense DC. Related Articles | Metrics

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Integration of Multi‑Source Remote Sensing Data and Temporal Spectral Features of Growth Stages for Rice Planting Area Extraction ZHENG Zirui, ZHAO Huijie, WEI Panpan, FANG Peng, WANG Laigang, XU Shaobo Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (10): 153-161.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.10.016 Abstract （234）      PDF （8916KB）（296）       Knowledge map    Save To fast and effective extraction of rice spatial distribution information，this study proposed a simple and practical time‑series pixels frequency constraint model（TPFCM） based on the spectral variation pattern of rice development using optical and radar images during the growth period of rice.Firstly，the median synthesis method was used to synthesize Sentinel‑2，Landsat‑8，and Sentinel‑1 as monthly data，and the synthesized Sentinel‑2 and Landsat‑8 were fused to reduce the influence of cloud shadow on rice image pixels，and the feature spectral bands of the three fusion images were selected to calculate the normalized vegetation index（NDVI），enhanced vegetation index（EVI）and land surface water index（LSWI）to create monthly multi‑dimensional feature images.Secondly，the random forest classifier was used to initially extract the rice area within the five important development stages，and input into the TPFCM model to calculate the frequency of rice pixels within each stage in the growth period.Finally，the model was controlled to output the optimal rice spatial distribution information based on the pre‑extraction accuracy and area error threshold conditions.The results showed that the TPFCM model output -3.83% of rice planting area error，which was 3.94 percentage points less than that of single‑phase rice extraction area error by comparing the absolute values，and the correlation between the extracted area and statistical reference area was significant（R2=0.97）. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Intelligent Identification Technology of Cucumber Diseases YANG Zhendong, LUO Wei, LUO Chen, JIANG Hongxun, ZHANG Ying, SONG Shumin, SHI Yiming, YU Yanling, YANG Tianliang, MA Zhongjie, FENG Xiao, YANG Fan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (4): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.001 Abstract （181）      PDF （1321KB）（290）       Knowledge map    Save The timely and accurate identification of cucumber diseases using intelligent identification technology is crucial for the proactive control and rational application of pesticides，which is of great significance for ensuring high‐quality cucumber production and ecological environmental safety.The intelligent identification of cucumber diseases is mainly realized by expert knowledge based on traditional expert systems and knowledge graphs，visible light image processing based on traditional machine learning and deep learning，spectral analysis such as chlorophyll fluorescence and hyperspectrum，and multi‐modal data fusion.The research progress of intelligent identification of cucumber diseases based on the above technologies was reviewed，the existing problems and deficiencies in current research were also summarized，and the development trends of cucumber diseases intelligent identification technology in the future was prospected，in order to provide reference for the application research of cucumber diseases intelligent identification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Temperature and Light Conditions on Yield and Quality of Indica Rice under Different Sowing Dates FAN Yifan, ZHANG Yanyan, WANG Yimei, LI Junzhou, DU Yanxiu, SUN Hongzheng, PENG Ting, ZHAO Quanzhi, ZHANG Jing Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (2): 17-27.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.002 Abstract （312）      PDF （1668KB）（288）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the temperature and light conditions for high yield and high quality of indica rice in southern Henan，a field experiment was conducted with three indica rice varieties（Zhaoyou 5431，Zhongzheyou 8 and Yliangyou 900） as experimental materials. The accumulated temperature，accumulated light time and accumulated light intensity of indica rice from heading to maturity under different sowing dates of April 15（T1），April 30（T2），May 15（T3），May 30（T4）and June 14（T5）were analyzed for two consecutive years，and the rice yield，milling quality，appearance quality，nutritional quality and cooking quality were analyzed.The redundancy analysis（RDA）of the effect of temperature and light factors on the quality of indica rice under different sowing dates was carried out，and the key environmental factors affecting the quality of rice in southern Henan were found through the interpretation rate of temperature and light factors. The results showed that with the delay of sowing date，the yield，milling quality and nutritional quality of the three indica rice varieties increased first and then decreased.In the two years，the yield of T2 treatment was the highest，the milling quality，appearance quality and cooking quality were better，and the yield and quality of T5 treatment were the worst. Among them，in 2019，the yield of T2 treatment increased by 129.4% compared with T5 treatment，the head milled rice rate increased by 32.1%，the chalkiness degree and chalky grain rate decreased by 69.8% and 69.9%，respectively，and the amylose content decreased by 13.7%. In 2020，the yield of T2 treatment increased by 271.0% compared with T5 treatment，the head milled rice rate increased by 83.9%，the chalkiness degree and chalky grain rate decreased by 85.2% and 77.6%，respectively，and the amylose content decreased by 19.2%. The protein content of rice was the highest under T3 treatment，which was 13.6% and 20.0% higher than that under T5 treatment in 2019 and 2020，respectively. There was no significant difference in quality indexes between T2 and T3 treatments.The yield of Yliangyou 900 under T2 treatment was the highest in both years，and its quality was better. The accumulated temperature，accumulated light time and accumulated light intensity of the three varieties from heading to maturity decreased with the delay of sowing date. The accumulated temperature and accumulated light time of Yliangyou 900 decreased the most，and the decrease of Zhaoyou 5431 and Zhongzheyou 8 was similar.RDA and interpretation rate analysis showed that the temperature and light factors from heading to mature stage were the main environmental factors that caused the difference of rice quality，and the accumulated light time of 10—20 days after heading was the most important ecological factor affecting rice quality. In summary，the yield of indica rice in southern Henan is the highest when sown on April 30，and the quality is better. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Susceptibility to Tebuconazole and Suitability of Resistant Strains of Magnaporthe oryzae in Hainan Province WANG Yanxia, ZHAO Yuhan, GU Xinyi, FU Zhongju, SUN Yujia, WU Chenglong, WU Weihuai, ZHANG Yaling Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (9): 88-96.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.009 Abstract （242）      PDF （1869KB）（284）       Knowledge map    Save By detecting the susceptibility of Magnaporthe oryzae to tebuconazole in Hainan Province and studying the fitness of resistance strains,the resistance risk of M.oryzae to tebuconazole was understood,which would provide theoretical reference for the scientific use of fungicides and resistance management.The mycelial growth rate method was used to determine the susceptibility to tebuconazole of 144 strains of M.oryzae collected and isolated from Hainan Province in 2022,and the susceptibility baseline of M.oryzae in Hainan Province to tebuconazole was established based on the susceptibility frequency distribution of the strains.Fifteen susceptible strains with low effective inhibitory mid‑concentration(EC50)measured during the establishment of the susceptibility baseline were selected for resistance domestication under continuous selection pressure，and the domesticated strains were classified into resistance levels,and the genetic stability and suitability of the resistant strains as well as the cross‑resistance to the fungicides pyraclostrobin,flucycloxazole,imidacloprid,fenpyroximate，and aliconazole were determined.The EC50 values of the 144 strains tested ranged from 0.176 9 to 0.998 0 μg/mL.The EC50 value of the least sensitive strain was 5.64 times that of the most sensitive strain.The average EC50 value was(0.476 3±0.174 5)μg/mL.The susceptibility frequencies of the strains were distributed in a continuous single‑peak curve,and the susceptibility baseline to tebuconazole of M.oryzae in Hainan Province was 0.476 3 μg/mL.Through indoor domestication of 15 sensitive strains,a total of two resistant strains were obtained.EC50 values were 1.289 5 μg/mL and 1.868 4 μg/mL respectively,and resistance folds were 5.38 times and 6.65 times respectively,both of which were low resistance level.And after eight consecutive generations of transfer,the two resistant strains always maintained low‑level resistance.The EC50 values of pyraclostrobin,epoxiconazole,prochloraz,difenoconazole,and diniconazole were measured and compared between the strains resistant to tebuconazole and their parental strains.The results showed that there was no cross‑resistance in M.oryzae in Hainan Province between tebuconazole and the above chemicals.Through the in vitro fitness test of the tebuconazole‑resistant strains,it was found that compared with the parental strains,the mycelial growth rate of the two resistant strains was significantly reduced,and the conidia production was reduced to varying degrees.In addition,they were more sensitive to strong acid and alkali environment，and their pathogenicity was greatly reduced.Therefore,the frequency of resistance mutations to tebuconazole in rice blast strains in Hainan Province is low,and the environmental suitability of their resistant strains is significantly reduced,resulting in a low risk of resistance.In addition,there is no cross‑resistance between tebuconazole and commonly used fungicides in Hainan Province,and the development of resistance can be delayed by strategies such as cross‑rotation or mixing with multi‑site‑of‑action protectants in production. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics