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    Research Progress on Cold Resistance of Wheat
    FANG Yuhui, HAN Liupeng, HUA Xia, ZHAO Mingzhong, GUO Rui, QI Xueli, HU Lin
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (4): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.04.001
    Abstract370)      PDF (1275KB)(388)       Save
    The freeze injury is a frequent natural disaster in wheat production,which is one of the important environmental factors restricting wheat yield and quality. In this paper,the type of wheat freeze injury,the physiological mechanism(cell membrane system,osmotic adjustment substances,antioxidant system,photosynthetic characteristics and endogenous hormones)and molecular mechanisms(cold resistant genes,cold resistant omics) of wheat cold resistance were summarized. The problems and solutions in the study of wheat cold resistance were also discussed,which provided an important reference for the research of cold resistance mechanism and breeding of wheat.
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    Research Progress on Plant Phenomics in the Context of Smart Agriculture
    YANG Wenqing, LIU Tianxia, TANG Xingping, XU Guofu, MA Zhe, YANG Hekai, WU Wendou
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (7): 1-12.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.07.001
    Abstract379)      PDF (1262KB)(382)       Save
    China’s agriculture is in the key stage of changing from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture.Smart agriculture is an important embodiment of modern agricultural development and an inevitable trend of agricultural development in the future.Smart agriculture aims to deeply combine modern information technologies such as internet of things,artificial intelligence and big data with traditional agriculture to make agricultural production intelligent,green,standardized and digital.Plant phenomics is a science to study the characteristics of plant phenotypes,which is one of the key technologies for the development of smart agriculture.By collecting phenotypic data at all levels of cells,organs,tissues,plants and populations,plant phenomics extracts important trait information with high repeatability and high reliability from massive data,so as to provide data support and method support for gene mining,crop breeding and accurate management of agricultural production process.This paper reviews the development status of plant phenomics under the background of smart agriculture from the aspects of phenotypic data collection and analysis and the construction of plant phenotypic analysis platform at home and abroad,summarizes the application of plant phenomics research in smart agricultural production,and finally looks forward to the future development trend of plant phenomics.

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    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (4): 0-.  
    Abstract62)      PDF (225978KB)(375)       Save
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    Research and Application of Lightweight Yolov7‐TSA Network in Tea Disease Detection and Identification
    LI Weihao, ZHAN Wei, ZHOU Wan, HAN Tao, WANG Peiwen, LIU Hu, XIONG Mengyuan, SUN Yong
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 162-169.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.019
    Abstract145)      PDF (3989KB)(301)       Save
    Aiming at the problems of low accuracy,slow model running speed and no detection function of the existing tea disease identification methods,a novel Yolov7‐TSA(Yolov7‐Tiny‐SiLU‐Attention)lightweight network architecture was proposed to detect and classify tea diseases.Specifically,the LeakReLU activation function in the Yolov7‐T network was replaced with the SiLU activation function to improve detection accuracy and prevent overfitting.Meanwhile,the feature perception of target contour and spatial location was further improved by fusing the coordinate attention mechanism. Experiments on the dataset containing eight tea diseases(including healthy tea leaves) showed that the recognition accuracy of Yolov7‐TSA network reached 94.2%,which was 3.2 and 1.2 percentage points higher compared to Yolov7‐T and Yolov7 networks,respectively.Furthermore,it showed significant results in terms of parameters,floating point operations,model size and inference time per image,which were reduced by 83%,87%,83% and 34%,respectively,compared to the Yolov7 network. The network model achieves the detection and classification of tea diseases when balancing recognition accuracy and real‐time performance.

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    Research Progress on Effect of High Temperature on Maize at Flowering Stage
    WANG Huitao, YUAN Liuzheng, LIU Jiayou, WANG Huiqiang, ZHU Shidie, YUAN Manman, WANG Qiuling
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (9): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.09.001
    Abstract194)      PDF (1281KB)(269)       Save
    The high temperature at flowering stage not only reduces maize yield,but also decreases grain quality,which has a great impact on maize production. The effects of high temperature at flowering stage on maize physiological and biochemical characteristics,ear development,yield,grain quality were reviewed,and the research progress of maize genes related to heat tolerance was summarized under high temperature stress at flowering stage,which could lay a foundation for high temperature stress research in maiz
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    Research Progress on Fine Mapping of QTLs for Yield Components of Rice
    BAI Tianliang, LI Jie, RAN Jie, YANG Hui, QIAO Chengbin, LI Peifu, TIAN Lei
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 1-8.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.001
    Abstract364)      PDF (1301KB)(258)       Save
    Rice is one of major food crops,and its yield is very important for world food security.The yield components are key regulating factors for improvement of rice yield,which are often manifested as complex quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes. It is of great significance to explore favorable yield genes for high yield of rice. QTL mapping is an important method for identifying genes associated with excellent agronomic traits in crops.This paper elaborated the strategies of QTL fine mapping and population selection,reviewed the research progress on QTL fine mapping of three key yield components of rice,namely panicle number,grain number per panicle and grain weight,map⁃based cloning and functional analysis,and put forward the breeding strategy of rational utilization of rice yield component genes,so as to provide reference and theoretical basis for cloning excellent yield traits genes and unraveling the genetic mechanisms of yield traits in rice.
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    Research Progress on Mechanism and Application of Reductive Soil Disinfection(RSD)in Prevention and Control of Continuous Cropping Obstacles of Facility Soil and Vegetable
    WANG Guangyin, GUO Weili, CHEN Bihua, PAN Feifei, HUANG Xinqi, CAI Zucong, ZHOU Jianhua, GU Guilan
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (1): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.01.001
    Abstract216)      PDF (1283KB)(246)       Save
    Reductive soil disinfestation(RSD) is an environment‑friendly method,which has the characteristics of inhibiting soil‑borne pathogens and improving soil physicochemical properties.It has been successfully applied to prevent and control the continuous cropping obstacle in facility soil and vegetable production.In order to provide theoretical reference for the mechanism and application study of RSD to prevent and control soil continuous cropping obstacles,this paper summarizes the mechanism research progress of RSD to prevent and control soil continuous cropping obstacle,introduces the specific application of RSD in facility soil and vegetable production in recent years,and prospects the future research and application of RSD.
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    Contents
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 0-.  
    Abstract27)      PDF (31822KB)(241)       Save
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    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 0-.  
    Abstract97)      PDF (37159KB)(231)       Save
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    Research Advances in Biological Control of Pepper Fusarium Wilt
    ZHAO Zhixiang, YAN Wanrong, WANG Bao, HE Shu, ZENG Xiangping, XIAO Tongbin
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (4): 11-21.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.04.002
    Abstract276)      PDF (1298KB)(218)       Save
    Fusarium wilt of pepper caused by Fusarium oxysporum is one of the soil‑borne diseases restricting the production of pepper.At present,effective disease‑resistant materials are still lacking,and chemical agents could not control it completely,at the same time causing problems such as environmental pollution,pesticide residues,and bacterial resistance and so on.The use of microorganisms and their metabolites,plant extracts and other biological pesticides for prevention and control can not only control the occurrence of diseases,but also not damage the ecological environment and endanger the health of humans and animals.Biological control meets the requirements of agricultural sustainable development,and has become a hot research topic.In this paper,the research progress of microbial species,plant sources and their biocontrol mechanisms used for the biological control of pepper Fusarium wilt in recent twenty years was reviewed. The existing problems of biocontrol products were analysed,and the future development direction of biocontrol of pepper Fusarium wilt was prospected.
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    Comparison and Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality of 20 Potato Varieties
    ZHANG Fan, LI Yuan, CHEN Mengru, XING Yingying, WANG Xiukang
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 28-36.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.004
    Abstract1199)      PDF (1368KB)(210)       Save
    The tuber yield per plant,starch content,reducing sugar content,soluble sugar content,vitamin C content and protein content of 20 potato varieties were analyzed,and the comprehensive evaluation of quality was done by principal component analysis,membership function method and cluster analysis,so as to screen out potato varieties with good quality and suitable for different processing purposes and cultivation in Yulin City. The results showed that there were great differences in quality indexes among different potato varieties.The variation coefficients of tuber yield per plant,starch content,reducing sugar content,soluble sugar content,vitamin C content and protein content were 46.76%,50.07%,50.66%,64.79%,33.72% and 68.10% respectively.The tuber yield per plant and starch content of Longshu 11 were the highest,the reducing sugar content of LZ112 was the highest,the soluble sugar content of Longshu 9 was the highest,the vitamin C content and protein content of Laohongpi were the highest.The results of principal component analysis showed that the quality indexes of 20 potato varieties could be expressed by four principal components(the cumulative variance contribution rate was 90.448%),and the representative indexes of each component were protein content,starch content,soluble sugar content and reducing sugar content respectively. Then,comprehensive evaluation was carried out by membership function method and cluster analysis.The results showed that seven varieties with better quality were screened out,accounted for 35.0% of the tested varieties,one variety(Dingshu 3)could be used for both vegetable and starch processing,one variety(Ganyinshu 1)could be used for whole flour processing and fried food processing,one variety(Longshu 11)could be used for starch processing after large⁃scale cultivation,two varieties(L08104⁃12 and Feurita)could be processed as whole flour,and two varieties(Jizhangshu 12 and Longshu 9)could be used for fried food processing.

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    Research Progress of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Vaccine for Piglets
    LÜ Linfen, PANG Shengmei, LI Baoliang, LIANG Yuxuan, DUAN Qiangde
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 1-8.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.001
    Abstract130)      PDF (1262KB)(204)       Save
    Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)is an important pathogen causing diarrhea of piglets in the world. Various strategies such as giving antibiotics in the feed,oral administration of specific antibodies,dietary and diet supplementary treatment,and genetic breeding have been used to prevent and treat ETEC infection.Compared with other preventive measures,vaccination is the most economical and effective mean to prevent diarrhea of piglets caused by ETEC.In this paper,the latest research progress of ETEC vaccine for porcine was reviewed,the challenges in ETEC vaccine research were analyzed,and the research strategies for effective vaccines were proposed,in order to provide the basis for the development of novel,safe,efficient and broad‐spectrum ETEC vaccines.
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    Progress on Application of Nano‑gene Vector in Plant Genetic Transformation
    AN Yiwei, LIANG Huihui, ZHONG Chongjia, SUN Dihu, SHENG Jiacheng, ZHANG Zhen, LI Hao, GUO Guanghui
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (12): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.12.001
    Abstract258)      PDF (1364KB)(186)       Save
    Nano‑gene vector constructed with nanomaterial has special superiority in plant genetic transformation,and has been successfully applied in genetic transformation of a variety of plants.The properties and types of nano‑gene vectors were clarified,the progress on application of inorganic nano‑gene vector,natural polymeric nano‑gene vector and synthetic polymeric nano‑gene vector in plan genetic transformation was reviewed,and the application prospects of nano‑gene vector in plant genetic transformation were forecasted.
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    Apple Leaf Diseases Identification Based on Improved Residual Network
    CHEN Cong, YU Xiao, GONG Qi
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 152-161.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.018
    Abstract972)      PDF (5367KB)(181)       Save
    Apple leaf diseases are similar in morphology and different in spot size,and traditional methods relying on labor and agricultural experts to identify them are inefficient. In view of this,this study proposed an apple disease identification model REP⁃ResNet based on improved residual network.This model was improved by adopting the order adjustment of residual structure(that was bath normalization,activation function,convolutional layer),and adding the efficient channel attention and parallel convolution based on the baseline model ResNet⁃50.During the training process,the model weight parameters pretrained in the public dataset PlantVillage were transferred to the above network model for retraining,which aimed to accelerate the convergence speed of the network and improve the recognition ability of the model.Data expansion was used to solve the problem of uneven samples during training.The results showed that the recognition accuracy of the REP⁃ResNet model was 2.41 percentage points higher than that of the benchmark network model.The model was trained by transfer learning,and the accuracy rate of apple leaf disease recognition in complex backgrounds reached 97. 69%. Compared with traditional convolutional neural networks,the recognition effect was greatly improved.
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    Physicochemical Properties and Microstructure Changes of Tomato Straw Hydrothermal Biochar under Different Reaction Conditions
    HUANG Jiaqing, LIU Cenwei, YE Jing, WANG Yixiang, REN Lihua
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 170-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.020
    Abstract97)      PDF (5763KB)(172)       Save
    To investigate the effects of carbonization temperature and pyrolysis time on the microstructure,physicochemical properties,principal components,and carbonization efficiency of tomato straw hydrothermal biochar(TSHB)and obtain efficient carbonization conditions,tomato straw was decomposed into TSHB by hydrothermal carbonization method with low energy consumption.This experiment set up three carbonization temperature(180,220,and 260℃)and four pyrolysis time(2,4,6,and 8 h),with a total of twelve experimental treatments,to study the effects of different combinations of carbonization
    temperature and pyrolysis time on the morphology,structure,functional groups,pH value,conductivity(EC)and biochar composition of TSHB,and to analyze the principal components changes of TSHB.The results showed that the porous and hollow vascular bundle structure of tomato straw was conducive to the rapid transfer of water and heat within the tomato straw.Increasing the hydrothermal carbonization temperature could accelerate the destruction of the vascular bundle structure of tomato straw and carbonize the strip‐shaped tomato straw into granular hydrothermal carbon. The functional groups of TSHB were mainly fat ether C-O,alkane C-H,saturated fatty acid ester C-O,amine C-N,and the groups of C-O,C=O,C-N,and C-O-C in the cell wall. Increasing the carbonization temperature could increase the functional groups of TSHB,but those functional groups could be destroyed and reduced significantly if the carbonization temperature exceeded 260℃.TSHB prepared by hydrothermal pyrolysis was acidic biochar(pH value 5.13—5.33).Under the same pyrolysis time,compared to the carbonization temperature of 180℃ or 260℃,the TSHB prepared at 220℃ had the highest EC value(6 213—7 899 μs/cm),but the EC values of TSHB significantly decreased by 18.19%—26.92% as the pyrolysis time was extended from 2 h to 8 h.Increasing the carbonization temperature and prolonging the pyrolysis time could significantly increase the fixed carbon content of TSHB(2.23—27.99 percentage points),but significantly reduce the volatile content of TSHB(2.46—30.97 percentage points).Increasing the carbonization temperature could increase the carbonization yield,total nitrogen content,and ash content of TSHB by 10.63—29.91,0.58—0.87,and 1.82—3.09 percentage points,respectively.In summary,compared with prolonging the pyrolysis time,increasing the hydrothermal carbonization temperature could more effectively improve the carbonization efficiency of tomato straw and increase the content of nitrogen‐oxygen functional groups,fixed carbon,and total nitrogen of TSHB.The hydrothermal carbonization temperature was the critical factor determining the microstructure,functional groups,pH value,and principal components of TSHB.The carbonization temperature of 220℃ and the pyrolysis time of 4—6 h were suitable carbonization conditions for preparing tomato straw biochar by hydrothermal carbonization method.
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    Research Progress on Toxic Effect of Selenium on Plants
    LIANG Zhizhe, SI Zhenxing, NIU Huiwei, XU Zicheng, JIA Wei, XU Jiayang
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (6): 13-21.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.002
    Abstract246)      PDF (1322KB)(171)       Save
    Different selenium(Se) concentrations exhibit different effects on plant growth,low concentrations are beneficial to plant growth and development while high levels are toxic to most plants.With the deepening of people’s understanding of Se pollution in the environment,Se pollution in soil and Se poisonousness in crops have gradually attracted attention,which promotes the study of selenium absorption,accumulation and metabolic regulation in plants. This paper summarized the research progress of Se toxicity in plants,including the distribution characteristics of Se in soil,threshold values,manifestation characteristics of Se poisonousness,related toxicological basis,and toxic resistance in plants,and put forward the difficulties in the future research of Se toxicity,which would provide references for the rational utilization of Se.
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    Effect of Planting Density on Stem Strength and Ear Characters of Maize
    XU Lina, AN Zhiliang, CHEN Shilin, ZHANG Huaisheng, JIN Xining, WANG Pingxi
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 11-17.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.002
    Abstract165)      PDF (1501KB)(170)       Save
    Five planting densities of 67 500(D1),75 000(D2),82 500(D3),90 000(D4)and 97 500(D5)plants/ha were set up to study the effects of planting density on stem strength,ear traits and yield of Baiyu 393,and the relationship between maize plant morphology and stem strength was analyzed,so as to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for high‑yield cultivation of summer maize in Huang‑Huai‑Hai region.The results showed that as the planting density increased,the ear height and ear height ratio of maize increased,the stem circumference decreased,and there was no significant change in plant height;The stem puncture strength,breaking strength and crushing strength of maize all decreased;The ear length,row number per ear,grain number per row,cob diameter,100‑grain weight and grain number per ear of maize all showed a downward trend,but there was no significant change in ear diameter,while the bald tip length increased;The maize yield first increased and then decreased,D3 treatment was the highest,followed by D2 treatment,the difference between the two treatments was not significant,while D5 treatment was the lowest.There were significant negative correlations between stem puncture strength,breaking strength,crushing strength and ear height,ear height ratio. In summary,when the planting density is 75 000—82 500 plants/ha,the ear height and stem diameter are moderate,the stem quality is good,the ear traits are superior,and the yield is higher.
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    Identification and Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factors Differentially Expressed in Maize under Drought⁃Rewatering Treatment
    FU Jiaxu, YAN Yali, XIE Xiaowen, ZHANG Xinyue, WEN Pengfei, GUAN Xiaokang, WANG Tongchao, WEI Li
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 9-19.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.002
    Abstract1392)      PDF (4139KB)(168)       Save
    In order to explore WRKY transcription factors related to drought resistance in maize( Zea mays),differentially expressed WRKY genes were identified under drought⁃rewatering treatment,and their physicochemical characteristics,phylogenetic evolution,chromosome distribution,gene duplication,gene structure,conserved motif,cis⁃elements in promoter region and gene expression level were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 51 differentially expressed ZmWRKY genes were identified,the amino acid number,molecular weight and isoelectric point of 51 ZmWRKY proteins ranged from 99 to 729 aa,11.22 to 78.73 ku,and 4.58 to 12.26,respectively.ZmWRKY genes were divided into three groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,ZmWRKY genes of group Ⅱ were divided into Ⅱa,Ⅱb,Ⅱc,Ⅱd and Ⅱe.ZmWRKY genes were unequally distributed on 10 chromosomes,including 2 pairs of tandem duplication and 16 pairs of segmental duplication.The ZmWRKY genes contained 1—12 exons,most of ZmWRKY proteins(41)contained 2—4 conserved motifs,and WRKY members in the same group had similar motif compositions.Many cis⁃elements related to plant hormone and abiotic stress,such as ABRE,AuxRR⁃core,TCA⁃element,TC⁃rich repeats,TGACG⁃motif,LTR,MBS,TATC⁃box,P⁃box,CGTCA⁃motif,GC⁃motif,TGA⁃element and GARE⁃motif were identified in ZmWRKY gene promotor region.Under drought⁃rewatering treatment,51 ZmWRKY genes exhibited different expression patterns,among them,fifteen genes positively responded to drought stress,including ZmWRKY1,ZmWRKY10,ZmWRKY16, ZmWRKY28, ZmWRKY30, ZmWRKY33, ZmWRKY42, ZmWRKY65, ZmWRKY68, ZmWRKY78, ZmWRKY96,ZmWRKY99,ZmWRKY100,ZmWRKY102 and ZmWRKY111,and one gene negatively responded to drought stress,which were candidate genes for further study of drought response in
    ZmWRKY family.
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    Analysis of Flavor Characteristics and Microbial Community of Cigar Tobacco Leaves from Different Regions
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 45-54.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.006
    Abstract211)      PDF (9093KB)(167)       Save
    Twenty⁃four cigar tobacco leaves from three cigar tobacco producing areas,including Dominica,Indonesia and America,were used as experimental materials to investigate their flavor characteristics by sensory evaluation,and the microbial communities were determined by microbial high⁃throughput sequencing.By analyzing the differences in flavor and microbial community composition of cigar tobacco leaves from different regions,this study explored the relationship between microbial community and flavor characteristics of cigar tobacco leaves,and identified the key microorganisms in cigar tobacco leaves,to lay a foundation for the utilization of raw materials,product development and application innovation of domestic cigar industry. The results showed that Dominican cigar tobacco leaves had the flavors of nut,bean,wood,caramel,baked and hay;Indonesian cigar tobacco leaves had high honey and sour aromas,but also had more offensive odor;American cigar tobacco leaves had no prominent flavor and offensive odor.The dominant bacterial genera in cigar tobacco leaves from the three regions were Staphylococcus,Pseudomonas,and Sphingomonas,and the dominant fungal genera were AspergillusSampaiozyma,and Alternaria.There were significant differences in microbial communities in tobacco leaves from different producing areas,and the difference in bacterial community in cigar leaves from different origins was significantly greater than that in fungal communities. Through the association network,it was found that bacteria Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium_1, Tetragenococcus and Atopostipes were closely related to the flavor of cigar tobacco leaves.The bacterial community had closer relationship with flavor characteristics than fungal community,and had an important contribution to the flavor formation of cigar tobacco leaves.
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    Effects of Different Kinds of Plastic Film Mulching on Soil Moisture,Temperature,Foxtail Millet Growth and Yield
    LUO Shiwu, LI Kai, LAI Xingliang, CHENG Bingwen
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (7): 42-50.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.07.005
    Abstract159)      PDF (1798KB)(166)       Save
    In the arid and semi‑arid areas of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,three kinds of plastic film mulching treatments including water‑permeable plastic film(T1),biodegradable plastic film(T2)and ordinary plastic film(T3)were set up,with open field(T4)planting as control,and the effects of different kinds of plastic film mulching on soil water content,water use efficiency,soil temperature,foxtail millet growth,yield and economic benefit were studied,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of plastic film mulching cultivation techniques in arid and semi‑arid areas of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.The results showed that compared with T4 treatment,each growth stage of T1 and T3 treatments was earlier,the growth period was shortened by 2 d,and the growth period of T2 treatment was prolonged by 5 d.The soil water content order was T1>T3>T2>T4,and the water use efficiency order wasT1>T3>T2>T4.In general,the soil temperature of plastic film mulching treatments was higher than that of T4 treatment at each growth stage. Overall,plastic film mulching increased soil organic total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available potassium contents. Compared with T4 treatment,the leaf SPAD value and dry matter accumulation of foxtail millet of T1,T2 and T3 treatments increased,T1 treatment was the highest,and T3 treatment was the second. The plant height,spike length,spike neck length,spikelet number per spike,grain weight of main spike,main spike weight,1 000‑grain weight and yield of T1,T2 and T3 treatments increased in different ranges. The overall performance of T1 treatment was the best,followed by T3 treatment.Among them,the yield order was T1>T3>T2>T4.Compared with T4 treatment,the yields of T1,T3 and T2 treatments significantly increased by 22.08%,21.77% and 12.30%respectively,there was no significant difference between T1 treatment and T3 treatment,but they were significantly higher than that of T2 treatment.The output‑input ratio order was T1=T3>T4>T2,and the net income order was T1>T3>T4>T2.The output‑input ratio of T1 treatment was 1.81,and the net income was 9 210.6 Yuan/ha,which was 28.69% higher than that of T4 treatment. In summary,T1 treatment was the best,followed by T3 treatment.

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    Optimization of Mixed Microbial Solid⁃State Fermentation and Analysis of Volatile Aroma Components in Low⁃Grade Tobacco Leaves
    LI Meng, WANG Xudong, LUO Zhaobiao, SONG Jiabao, QU Peng, HOU Ningning, GUO Linqing, RAO Zhi, MA Lin
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (9): 171-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.09.018
    Abstract136)      PDF (2291KB)(165)       Save
    In order to explore the best conditions of mixed microbial solid⁃state fermentation of low⁃grade tobacco leaves,this study investigated the effects of single and mixed microbial fermentation on volatile aroma components of tobacco leaves.Two flavour⁃producing yeast strains(YJX,MG)were used as test strains.The optimal fermentation conditions of tobacco leaves were determined by single factor experiment and orthogonal optimization experiment with the content of volatile aroma components as evaluation indicator.The volatile aroma components of tobacco leaves without microbial fermentation and fermented tobacco leaves were analyzed by simultaneous distillation extraction and gas chromatography⁃mass spectrometry(GC/MS).The improvement of the quality of the low⁃grade tobacco leaves after fermentation under the optimum fermentation conditions was studied. The results showed that the optimum fermentation conditions were fermentation temperature of 30℃,mixed microbial ratio(YJX∶MG)of 2∶1,inoculation amount of 25% and fermentation time of 24 h.The primary and secondary factors affecting the content of aroma substances in the fermentation process were mixed microbial ratio>inoculation amount>fermentation temperature. GC/MS analysis showed that 95 volatile aroma components were detected,including 12 alcohols,21 carbonyls,8 acids,15 esters and lactones,23 hydrocarbons,10 heterocycles and 6 phenols.The content of volatile aroma components in tobacco leaves fermented by mixed microbes was significantly higher than that of tobacco leaves fermented by single microbe and without microbes.Mixed fermentation could increase the volatile aroma components of tobacco leaves,improve the aroma quality and quantity,and significantly improve the quality of tobacco leaves.

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    Research Progress on Efficient Utilization of Water,Fertilizer and Pesticide in Rice Production and Their Effects on Rice
    LI Wenxiu, ZHOU Hang, LIU Lang, WU Zhaohui
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (6): 1-12.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.06.001
    Abstract208)      PDF (1302KB)(164)       Save
    Rice is one of the major food crops in China,and its yield and quality are affected by water,fertilizer and pesticide,but the utilization rate of water,fertilizer and pesticide is low in China,resulting in waste of resources and environmental pollution. Therefore,it is of great practical significance to study the efficient utilization technology of water,fertilizer and pesticide and its effect on rice yield and quality.In this paper,we reviewed the efficient utilization technologies of water(dry⁃wet alternate irrigation,ground cover rice production system,system of rice intensification),efficient utilization technologies of nitrogen fertilizer(improving fertilization methods,changing fertilizer morphology,optimal application amount and application period of nitrogen fertilizer),efficient utilization technologies of pesticides(improving spray methods,biological pesticide)and collaborative and efficient utilization technologies of water,fertilizer and pesticide(water⁃fertilizer interaction,technique of reduction of fertilizer and pesticide) and their effects on rice yield and quality,and pointed out the problems in this field and future research directions.
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    Identification and Characterization of SnRK2 Gene Family in Melon
    LIU Chenggong, LI He, HAN Zichao, SU Tingting, ZHANG Yueyang, ZHANG Yao, LI Zhongqing, WANG Aiying , ZHU Jianbo
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (5): 108-116.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.011
    Abstract163)      PDF (3551KB)(163)       Save
    Sucrose non‑fermenting‑1‑related protein kinase2(SnRK2)is a kind of protein phosphorylase with serine/threonine specific domain,which plays an important role in ABA signal transduction and abiotic stress.Taking melon as the research object,this paper used bioinformatics analysis methods to identify melon SnRK2 gene family and analyze the relevant characteristics,including the construction of phylogenetic evolutionary tree,analyses of gene physical and chemical properties,gene structure and conserved domain,dhromosome location,collinearity,upstream cis‑acting elements of gene and transcriptome data heat map analysis to lay a theoretical foundation for the functional analysis and research of melon SnRK2 genes.Results showed that nine SnRK2 gene family members were identified in melon genome. It was mainly located in the cytoskeleton,dominated by α‑helix and random coil.The molecular weight was 31.49—75.02 ku,and the isoelectric point ranged from 4.42 to 6.21.It could be divided into three subgroups,distributed on four chromosomes. Promoter analysis showed that there were multiple plant hormones and stress‑related response elements in the regulatory sequence of melon SnRK2 genes.Tissue expression analysis showed that some melon SnRK2 genes were constitutively expressed in different tissues,while some genes had significant tissue specificity.
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    New Research Progress of bZIP Transcription Factors in Improving Plant Stress Resistance
    HAO Hongyan, SANG Huitong, LÜ Shanhua, FAN Yinglun, LI Haiyun
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 1-8.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.001
    Abstract165)      PDF (1297KB)(163)       Save
    Plants will be hurt when encountering adversity,and genetic engineering technology is a quick and effective way to improve plant stress resistance. As one of the most diverse and relatively conserved gene families in higher plants,basic leucine zipper(bZIP) transcription factors play an important regulatory role in plant resistance to low temperature,drought,salinity,pests and other biotic and abiotic stresses.In this paper,the structure,classification of bZIP transcription factors in plants and the new research progress in improving plant resistance to abiotic(drought,high temperature,low temperature,high salinity,nutrient deficiency,etc.)and biotic stresses were reviewed,so as to provide references for the utilization of bZIP transcription factors and the genetic improvement of plant stress resistance.
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    Identification of Crop Leaf Diseases Based on Improved MobileNetV2 Model
    WANG Huanxin, SHEN Zhihao, LIU Quan, LIU Jinjiang
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 143-151.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.017
    Abstract1042)      PDF (2715KB)(162)       Save
    In order to achieve convenient recognition of crop leaf disease images based on mobile,improve the efficiency of crop disease recognition and thus better guide crop disease control,a crop disease recognition model was established based on an improved lightweight convolutional neural network MobileNetV2.First,a crop dataset containing 15 types of diseased leaves and 4 types of healthy leaves was created and the data was balanced using data enhancement operations.Second,based on the improvement of MobileNetV2,efficient channel attention(ECA)and attentional feature fusion(AFF)were introduced,and the redundant layers were removed by model pruning,and a high⁃performance lightweight crop disease recognition model was proposed.The results showed that the number of parameters of the improved MobileNetV2 model was reduced by 15.37% compared with that of MobileNetV2,while the recognition accuracy was improved by 0.9 percentage points to 98.4% compared with that before the improvement.Compared with the classical convolutional neural network models such as EfficientNet⁃b0 and ShuffleNetV2⁃0. 5X,the improved model not only had the highest recognition accuracy,but also had a faster convergence rate during training.
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    Research Progress on Chemical Structure,Toxic Effects and Detection Methods of Alternaria Toxins
    WANG Ran, LI Yuke, YI Yin, TANG Ming
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (3): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.03.001
    Abstract183)      PDF (1477KB)(160)       Save
    Alternaria sp.is ubiquitous in nature and a causal agent of various crops,vegetables,and fruits diseases. Alternaria toxins are a general term for different secondary metabolites produced during the Alternaria infection process.The disease mechanism caused by Alternaria toxins is a hot issue in the current research. Alternaria toxins negatively impact subcellular structures,including chloroplast,mitochondria,plasma membrane,nucleus,etc.Based on interaction characteristics of Alternaria and host, Alternaria toxins are classified into host‑specific toxins(HST)and non‑host‑specific toxins(nHST).This review focuses on the chemical structure,pathogenicity,and detection techniques of important Alternaria toxins,including the similarities and differences of chemical structure characteristics,differences of targets of pathogenicity,and advantages and disadvantages of different detection methods,which could provide reference for the control of Alternaria disease and the development of toxin detection methods.
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    Effects of Combined Stress of High Temperature and Drought on Photosynthetic Physiology of Maize
    WANG Yakun, LI Hongping, XU Zhenzhen, LIU Tianxue
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 17-23.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.003
    Abstract144)      PDF (2783KB)(158)       Save
    The effect of high temperature(H),drought(D)and combined stress of high temperature and drought(HD)on photosynthetic physiology of maize seedling was studied with high temperature‐tolerant Zhengdan 958(ZD958)and high temperature‐sensitive Xianyu 335(XY335)by pot experiment,so as to provide theoretical basis for breeding of excellent maize varieties resistant to high temperature and drought.The results indicated that compared with CK without stress,the chlorophyll content of ZD958 leaves significantly decreased under stresses,there was significant difference among treatments,and the HD treatment showed the greatest reduction.The change of chlorophyll content of XY335 was consistent with that of ZD958,and the influence was greater.The ratio of chlorophyll a to b in ZD958 leaves increased under D and HD conditions,while it increased for XY335 only under HD condition.The net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate,electron transport rate in ZD958 and XY335 leaves all(even significantly)decreased,D treatment had the greatest changes,and the decrements in ZD958 were more than that in XY335 under D and HD conditions.The activity of phosphoenol‐pyruvate carboxylase(PEPCase) in ZD958 leaves significantly increased under H condition,while no obvious changes of that were observed under D and HD conditions,but the activity of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(Rubisco) significantly decreased under D and HD conditions.The activity of PEPCase in XY335 leaves decreased compared with CK under stresses,and the decrement of HD treatment was the greatest.The activity of Rubisco in XY335 leaves significantly decreased compared with CK under stresses,and the decrement of D treatment was the greatest. Overall,D and HD stresses have greater influence on photosynthetic physiology of maize seedling,and different varieties have different responses to the above three kinds of stress.

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    Research Progress of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Vaccine for Pigs
    LIANG Yuxuan, PANG Shengmei, LIU Mei, WANG Longlong, DUAN Qiangde
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.001
    Abstract131)      PDF (1511KB)(156)       Save
    Porcine epidemic diarrhea(PED)caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease of pigs,which leads to high morbidity and mortality in the suckling piglets,thereby bringing huge economic losses to the global pig industry.Vaccination is currently the most economical and effective measure for the prevention of PED,but due to the continuous emergence of PEDV variants,the immune protection of the vaccine is not effective.Therefore,the development of safer and more effective vaccines for preventing PED is urgently needed. Here we mainly reviewed the pathogenic characteristics,the pathogenic mechanism of PEDV,and the latest progress in PEDV vaccine research. Futhermore,the research strategy of a novel and effective PEDV vaccine was also prospected,to provide a reference for effective prevention and control of PED in clinical settings.
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    Research Progress of Conservation Tillage in China
    QIN Meng, DONG Quanzhong, XUE Hong, ZHANG Mingming, LI Weiwei, SONG Huan, ZHAI Lingxia
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (7): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.07.001
    Abstract199)      PDF (1252KB)(156)       Save
    Conservation tillage is an environmentally friendly farming model that reduces soil erosion,protects the ecological environment of farmland,and achieves coordinated development of ecological,economic and social benefits by means of less tillage,no⁃tillage and surface mulching of straw.In order to reduce soil erosion,desertification and salinization,soil management methods need to be changed from traditional tillage to protect the soil environment,stabilize food and increase income.This paper introduces the importance of conservation tillage for the sustainable development of agriculture,systematically describes the current development status of conservation tillage,analyzes the key points and difficulties of future development of conservation tillage,and provides an outlook on the future development direction of conservation tillage to provide reference for improving the development system of conservation tillage.

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    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (12): 0-.  
    Abstract38)      PDF (35621KB)(155)       Save
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    Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Selenium Application Method on Yield and Mineral Element Accumulation in Grain of Winter Wheat
    MA Hongyan, NIE Zhaojun, LIU Hongen, LI Chang, QIN Shiyu, ZHAO Peng
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (5): 10-22.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.05.002
    Abstract222)      PDF (1465KB)(154)       Save
    The effects of nitrogen(N)application rate(0,100,200,400 mg/kg,denoted as N0,N100,N200,N400,respectively)and selenium(Se)application method(applying 1 mg/kg Se in soil,spraying 50 mg/L Se,denoted as S and P respectively)on yield,mineral element content and accumulation amount in grain of winter wheat were studied by pot experiment,so as to provide a theoretical basis for rational fertilization to improve winter wheat quality.The results showed that the winter wheat yield increased
    first and then decreased with the increase of N application rate under the two Se application methods,N200 treatment was the highest,followed by N100 treatment,and there was no significant difference between the two treatments.The average yield,panicle number and grain number per panicle of winter wheat of S treatment were significantly higher than those of P treatment.The Se contents in grain,glume and root of winter wheat of S treatment were generally significantly higher than those of P treatment,while the Se content in stem and leaf was on the contrary.Overall,the Se contents in winter wheat grain,glume,root,stem and leaf were the highest in N200 treatment,followed by N100 treatment. From the average of the two Se application methods,N200 treatment had the highest Se accumulation amounts in grain,root,stem and leaf,and N100 treatment had the highest Se accumulation amount in glume of winter wheat.The mean Se accumulation amounts in grain,glume and root of S treatment were significantly higher than those of P treatment,but the Se accumulation amount in stem and leaf was on the contrary.N application inhibited the migration of Se from glume to grain in winter wheat under two Se application methods.Compared with P treatment,S treatment promoted the Se migration from stem and leaf to glume and glume to grain.Under S treatment,in general,the contents of N,K(potassium),Ca(calcium),Mg(magnesium),Fe(ferrum),Mn(manganese)and Zn(zinc)in winter wheat grain were the highest in N100 treatment,while the contents of P(phosphorus),B(boron)and Cu(copper)were the highest in N400 treatment.Under P treatment,the Cu content in winter wheat grain was the highest in N200 treatment,the P,K,B,Fe,Mn and Zn contents were the highest in N100 treatment,and the N,Ca and Mg contents were the highest in N400 treatment. The average contents of N and K in winter wheat grain of S treatment were significantly higher than those of P treatment,and the average contents of Cu and Mo in winter wheat grain of P treatment were significantly higher than those of S treatment. Under S treatment,the accumulation amounts of N,K,Mg,B,Cu and Mo in winter wheat grain were the highest in N100 treatment,the accumulation amounts of P,Fe,Mn and Zn were the highest in N200 treatment,and the accumulation amount of Ca was the highest in N400 treatment. Under P treatment,Fe accumulation amount was the highest in N100 treatment,Ca and Cu accumulation amounts were the highest in N200 treatment,N,B and Zn accumulation amounts were the highest in N400 treatment.The average accumulation amounts of N,P,K,Ca,Mg,B,Cu,Fe,Mn and Mo in winter wheat grain of S treatment were significantly higher than those of P treatment.The correlation analysis results showed that there were significant and extremely significant positive correlations between content and accumulation amount of Se and N in winter wheat grain,and there were significant or extremely significant positive correlations between Se,N accumulation amounts and P,K,Ca,Mg,Cu,Fe and Mn accumulation amounts. In conclusion,S treatment can improve the yield of winter wheat,promote the accumulation of N,Se and other mineral elements,and improve the nutritional quality of grain. The effect is better after application of N,application of 200 mg/kg N has the best effect on the increase of yield and Se accumulation,followed by 100 mg/kg,while application of 100 mg/kg N has the best effect on accumulation of other mineral elements.
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    Current Status and Progress of Research on Soil Water Movement and Distribution in Subsurface Drip Irrigation
    WANG Dongbo, QIAN Zhiyong, WANG Dong, HUANG Guoliang, YANG Zhenjie, ZHANG Yijie
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (12): 1-13.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.12.001
    Abstract145)      PDF (1989KB)(154)       Save
    The movement and distribution of soil water under subsurface drip irrigation has always been a hot topic in academic circles. In order to clarify the research progress of influencing factors of soil water migration and distribution under subsurface drip irrigation,the basic principles,main characteristics and development history of subsurface drip irrigation technology were summarized.The research methods and conclusions of soil water migration and distribution under different subsurface drip irrigation methods were systematically expounded,and the application status of numerical simulation technology in soil water distribution law research was introduced.The key factors affecting soil water migration and distribution under subsurface drip irrigation conditions were comprehensively analyzed.The current research status and development bottlenecks were summarized,and the future research direction was prospected,in order to provide theoretical reference for further research and improvement of irrigation water use efficiency.
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    Effects of Cyantraniliprole on Intestinal Microbial Community and Metabolic Function of Plutella xylostella(Linnaeus)
    XIANG Ligang, LI Wenhong, ZHENG Ping, LI Fengliang, WANG Hancheng, YU Zhihe
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (10): 96-105.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.10.011
    Abstract168)      PDF (4385KB)(152)       Save
    Cyantraniliprole is a second generation of ryanodine receptors inhibitor insecticide to control Lepidoptera pests.To understand the effects of cyantraniliprole on the intestinal microbial community structure and metabolic function of Plutella xylostella larvae,culture‑dependent method and high‑throughput sequencing were used to investigate the intestinal microbial community structure of P. xylostella fed with 1 mg/L cyantraniliprole soaked leaves.The changes in intestinal microbial community metabolic function of P.xylostella fed with 1 mg/L cyantraniliprole soaked leaves and the changes in intestinal microbial community metabolic function when the intestinal suspension was mixed with 0.1,1,10,100 mg/L cyantraniliprole were investigated using the Biolog‑ECO carbon source metabolic phenotype technology.The results showed that the dominant culturable bacteria in the intestine of P.xylostella were Enterococcus mundtii and Sanguibacter sp.The numbers of intestinal culturable bacteria of P.xylostella fed with 1 mg/L cyantraniliprole soaked leaves and clean leaves(as the control)were 2.4Í106 cfu/g and 4.5Í106 cfu/g,respectively.The results of high‑throughput sequencing showed that the dominant phyla in the intestine of P.xylostella were Firmicutes,Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria,and their relative abundance in treatment/control group was 74.0%/94.0%,8.6%/3.4% and 13.4%/0.8%,respectively.The dominant genera in the intestine of P.xylostella were Enterococcus and Sanguibacter,and their relative abundance in treatment/control group was 74.0%/94.0% and 2.5%/0.5%,respectively.After feeding with 1 mg/L cyantraniliprole soaked leaves,the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Enterococcus in the intestine of P.xylostella decreased significantly,while the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria and Sanguibacter increased significantly.Compared to the control group,the diversity,evenness and richness of intestinal bacterial community of P. xylostella were increased,with a significant increase in diversity and richness.The carbon source metabolic capacity of intestinal microorganisms was not significantly affected under 0.1,1 mg/L cyantraniliprole stress and feeding with 1 mg/L cyantraniliprole soaked leaves,while decreased under 10,100 mg/L cyantraniliprole stress.In summary,feeding with 1 mg/L cyantraniliprole soaked leaves can reduce the number of culturable bacteria in the intestine of P.xylostella,and significantly increase the richness and diversity of intestinal microbial community.Under the pressure of high concentration of cyantraniliprole,the intestinal microbial metabolic capacity of P.xylostella decreased.

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    Effect of Brassinolide on Root Architecture of Tobacco Seedlings and Regulation Mechanism
    LIANG Dong, LIU Guangliang, SHI Yi, WANG Shusheng, WANG Chengdong, WANG Xiaolin
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (8): 37-44.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.08.005
    Abstract195)      PDF (1847KB)(152)       Save
    In order to explore the regulation mechanism of brassinolide(BRs)on root architecture of tobacco seedlings,the differences of root architecture under different concentrations of exogenous EBR(2,4⁃epibrassinolide) and BRZ(brassinolide synthesis inhibitor) were investigated using the flue⁃cured tobacco Nongda 202.The changes of root tip cross⁃section of secondary lateral roots were observed by electron microscope,and the auxin content,GUS(β⁃glucosidase)staining and relative gene expression in lateral roots were determined to analyze the relationship between root architecture and auxin.The results showed that EBR could affected root length,root diameter and secondary lateral root density of tobacco seedlings.Lower concentration of EBR(0.1 nmol/L)increased the total root length by 29.0%,but higher EBR,such as 0.5,1,5,10 and 100 nmol/L declined the primary lateral root length by 4.6%,9.6%,18.5%,29.6% and 36.9% respectively.As the EBR concentration(0.1—10 nmol/L)increased,the density of secondary lateral roots increased,but the average root diameter gradually decreased.The average root diameter of tobacco increased significantly in BRZ treatment(100—500 nmol/L).EBR affected the root diameter of tobacco seedlings mainly by regulating the number of tobacco lateral root cells and the diameter of column,the cross cutting diameters of secondary lateral root and column under 10 nmol/L EBR treatment were significantly reduced by 32.5% and 25.0% compared with CK(No EBR and BRZ). The auxin content of lateral root decreased by 7.1% significantly under 10 nmol/L EBR treatment,but there was no change of lateral root auxin under 500 nmol/L BRZ treatment. EBR treatment increased the expression of PIN3aT,PIN3bS,PIN3bT and PIN11T in tobacco,which was considered to change the distribution of auxin in roots.Therefore,brassinolide can regulate the level of auxin in different parts of roots,and then affect the changes of tobacco root architecture.

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    Research Progress of Soil Physical Crust Erosion Effect in China
    XU Die, WANG Ji, CAI Xiongfei, YU Xinjie, ZHAO Shuai, ZHAO Shijie
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 9-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.002
    Abstract136)      PDF (1260KB)(152)       Save
    Soil physical crust is a common phenomenon that exists on the soil surface after being hit by rainfall.As a special underlying surface,soil physical crust plays an important role in slope soil erosion.This paper systematically analyzes the erosion effect of soil physical crust,and finds that the present situation of soil physical crust erosion effect is as follows:on the one hand,soil physical crust promotes erosion;on the other hand,it inhibits erosion. Based on this,the research history,research status and possible factors affecting soil physical crust erosion effect are summarized and reviewed.By comparing the research conclusions of different scholars,this paper explores the mechanism behind the two different phenomena of promotion and suppression,discusses the possible reasons for the divergence of views,and puts forward the further research direction of soil physical crust erosion effect in the future,so as to provide reference for the study of soil physical crust erosion effect.
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    Research Progress on the Effect of Organic Carbon on the Formation of Soil Aggregates
    ZHOU Jiahao, CHU Junjie, SUN Wanchun, ZOU Ping, YU Qiaogang, MA Junwei, YANG Jun
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (11): 10-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.11.002
    Abstract162)      PDF (10408KB)(151)       Save
    Soil organic carbon(SOC),as an important substance involved in biogeochemical cycles,plays an important role in the formation and stability of soil aggregates.The definition,characteristics and formation theory of soil aggregates were reviewed,the turnover process of SOC in aggregates was analyzed,and the role and influence of SOC quantity,SOC structure,microbial residue carbon and SOC loss in the formation of soil aggregates were reviewed.Suggestions on the cultivation of healthy soil were put forward from the perspective of the synergistic relationship between soil carbon sink and aggregates,and the future research direction of soil aggregates was prospected in order to provide reference for the sustainable development of soil resources.
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    Effects of Silicon and Selenium on Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Enzyme System of Cucumber Seedlings under Cadmium Stress
    YU Minmin, FAN Wenhua, LIU Fenwu, TIAN Ludan, WANG Gailing, MENG Qinghui
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (1): 116-124.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.01.012
    Abstract132)      PDF (1494KB)(149)       Save
    To explore the effects of silicon(Si)and selenium(Se)on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme system of cucumber seedlings under cadmium(Cd) stress in calcareous soil,and provide a theoretical basis for the application of Si and Se in alleviating Cd toxicity,pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of single or simultaneous application of Si(300 mg/kg)and Se(2,4 mg/kg)on cucumber seedling growth,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity under Cd(5 mg/kg)stress. The results showed that Cd stress had obvious toxic effects on plant growth,leaf photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities in cucumber seedlings. Compared with blank control,the chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr) and stomatal conductance(Gs)of cucumber leaves under Cd treatment were decreased significantly,the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(Ci)increased significantly,the activities of peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) decreased significantly,while the content of malongizldehyde(MDA)increased significantly. Cd toxicity was alleviated under the application of 300 mg/kg Si or 2,4 mg/kg Se,which could promote the growth of cucumber,increase the chlorophyll content and Pn,Tr,Gs and POD,SOD,CAT activities of cucumber leaves,and reduce the Ci and MDA content. The effect of simultaneous application of Si and Se was more obvious than that of single application of Si or Se,and the application of 300 mg/kg Si and 2 mg/kg Se had the best effect. Compared with single application of Cd,Pn,Tr and Gs of cucumber leaves significantly increased by 18.53%,42.67% and 87.50%,respectively,Ci significantly decreased by 35.61%,POD,SOD and CAT activities significantly increased by 87.65%,32.40% and 23.58%,respectively,and MDA content significantly decreased by 42. 68%.The results show that applying Si and Se in calcareous soil can alleviate the toxicity of Cd to cucumber,enhance the photosynthesis of cucumber leaves and improve the activity of antioxidant enzyme system,and the simultaneous application of Si and Se has a certain synergistic effect.

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    Overexpression of miR528 Enhances K + Homeostasis in Rice Seedling under Salt Stress
    LEI Zhenshan, WANG Tongtong, JI Xin, ZHANG Tianhai, WANG Fujuan, DONG Liping, ZHAO Yafan, LIU Juan
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (4): 30-38.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.04.004
    Abstract156)      PDF (2180KB)(147)       Save
    In order to investigate whether miR528 is involved in maintaining K+ homeostasis in rice seedlings under salt stress and its possible regulatory mechanism,transgenic lines overexpressing miR528(miR528‑OE1 and miR528‑OE2),T‑DNA insertion mutant mir528 and their wild types(Zhonghua 11and Dongjin)were used as experimental materials.The expression pattern of miR528 was explored under salt stress,and the growth,K + content in shoot and root,K + flux in root and the expression levels of K +channel related genes in different rice materials were studied under salt stress.The results indicated that the expression of miR528 in rice seedlings was induced by salt stress.Compared with the control without salt stress,the fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots were less inhibited by salt stress in miR528‑OE1 and miR528‑OE2 than those in wild type Zhonghua 11,but the fresh and dry weights of roots were more inhibited by salt stress in mir528 than those in Dongjin. Under salt stress,the K + content in shoot and root of Zhonghua 11 decreased to 43.41% and 23.67% of the control,respectively;the K + contents in shoot and root of miR528‑OE1 and miR528‑OE2 were significantly higher than those of Zhonghua 11,while the K +content in root of mir528 was significantly lower than that of Dongjin.Instantaneous addition of salt rapidly induced K + efflux from roots.The peak value appeared at 3—4 min after salt treatment.The peak value of K+ efflux from root of miR528‑OE was obviously lower than that of Zhonghua 11,while the peak value of K +efflux from root of mir528 was obviously higher that of Dongjin. Under the normal condition,the expression levels of GORK(guard cell outward rectifying K + channel) in roots of miR528‑OE1 and miR528‑OE2 seedlings significantly increased compared with Zhonghua 11,but the expression level of GORK in root of mir528 seedling significantly decreased compared with Dongjin.At 1 h after salt treatment,the expression levels of GORK in roots of miR528‑OE1 and miR528‑OE2 seedlings significantly decreased,but the expression level of GORK in root of mir528 seedling significantly increased compared with Dongjin.In conclusion,overexpression of miR528 can improve salt tolerance of rice and enhance K + retention ability under salt stress,which may be achieved by down‑regulating GORK expression under salt stress.

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    Genome Size,Ploidy and Phylogeny of Cyperus esculentus L.
    WANG Huiwei, ZHU Shixin, ZHANG Xinyou, WANG Yan, YANG Tiegang, ZHANG Xiangge, WANG Shufeng, LI Chunxin
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (1): 34-41.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.01.004
    Abstract237)      PDF (2024KB)(146)       Save
    In order to clarify the genome characteristics of the main varieties and characteristic germplasm of Cyperus esculentus L. in the Huang Huai region and the phylogenetic relationship between them and their related species,the genome size and ploidy of six C. esculentus L. materials were evaluated by flow cytometry and genome survey analysis,and the phylogenetic relationship between them and their related groups was analyzed based on the sequences of the external transcribed spacer(ETS) and internal transcribed spacer(ITS) of ribosomal DNA. The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the genomes of six C.esculentus L. materials were 0.808 6—0.858 5 Gb,with an average of 0.826 4 Gb;the results of genome survey analysis showed that the genome size,proportion of repetitive sequences,GC content and heterozygous ratio of the three tuber types of C.esculentus L. were 0.697 9 Gb,81.02%,34.7% and 0.28% for Yuyousha 2,0.778 7 Gb,84.45%,36.4% and 0.08% for Yuyousha 3.and 0.790 6 Gb,83.75%,34.9% and 0.19% for YYS‑4,respectively;genome survey analysis and pollen staining results showed that the three tuber types of C.esculentus L. were triploid. Phylogenetic analysis showed that six C. esculentus L. were clustered into C.esculentus L.branch,this branch was closely related to the branch composed of C.rotundus L. and C.glomeratus L.,they formed sister group,and formed C4 plant branch with C.iria L. , C.glomeratus L. and C.cuspidatus H.B.K.

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    Extraction and Quality Analysis of Coix Seed Oil
    CHEN Chao, LÜ Du, TANG Jianbo, HUANG Shan, LI Ying
    Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 162-169.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.019
    Abstract107)      PDF (1413KB)(145)       Save
    In order to obtain high⁃quality coix seed oil and improve the extraction rate of coix seed oil,different organic solvents were selected to extract coix seed oil by using the soxhlet reflux extraction method.The quality of coix seed oil was analyzed from its sensory characteristics,physical and chemical index,fatty acid type and content,and active material content.The results showed that the extraction capacity of the organic solvent was petroleum ether>cyclohexane>methanol>anhydrous ethanol.Coix seed oil extracted by petroleum ether and cyclohexane had good fluidity and was easier to collect.The acid value of cyclohexane extracted coix seed oil was 3.66 mg/g,peroxide value was 0.014 g/100g,iodine value was 72.30 g/100g,saponification value was 126 mg/g,refractive index was 1.449,which were lower than coix seed oil extracted by petroleum ether. Their fatty acid compositions were mainly oleic acid,linoleic acid,palmic acid and stearic acid.Based on the extraction rate and quality index of coix seed oil,the best extraction organic solvent of coix seed oil is cyclohexane,with high extraction rate,and good quality of coix seed oil .
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