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Analysis of Yunnan Black Tea Aroma Characteristics Based on HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS and OAV DING Qihuan, DENG Min, SHI Dekang, SU Jianmei, GU Chonglin, LI Sijin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (4): 167-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.017 Abstract （162）      PDF （3949KB）（1340）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the aroma characteristics of Yunnan black tea from different production areas in Yunnan,12 tea samples from four production areas,namely,Simao in Puer,Changning in Baoshan,Menghai in Xishuangbanna and Fengqing in Lincang，were selected as materials.The headspace‐solid phase microextraction(HS‐SPME)combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry(GC‐MS)was used to separate and identify the volatile components of Yunnan black tea from different production areas on a DB‐WAX column，and the volatile components of Yunnan black tea were analysed by using aroma activity value(OAV)combined with chemometrics to determine the volatiles composition and aroma characteristics of Yunnan black tea from different production areas.The results showed that a total of 143 volatile substances，mainly alcohols，aldehydes，esters and olefins，were identified in Yunnan black tea from different production areas，and 50 substances(OAV≥1)contributing to the flavor of Yunnan black tea were screened out with the help of OAV，among which linalool and β‐ionone had a prominent position in OAV，and were important for the composition of the flavour of Yunnan black tea from different production areas.By using orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis(OPLS‐DA),combined with variable importance projection(VIP),43 differential markers were screened(VIP≥1).Based on the results of OAV and OPLS‐DA，12 characteristic differential substances of Yunnan black tea were screened：2‐methyl butyraldehyde， benzaldehyde， heptaldehyde，Z‐hex‐3‐en‐1‐ol，methyl 2‐(methylamino)benzoate，dihydroactinidolide，D‐limonene,(E)‐3，7‐dimethylocta‐1,3,6‐triene，β‐ionone，α -lonone，dihydro‐β‐ionone，and P‐cymene.Z‐hex‐3‐en‐1‐ol contributed prominently to the clear aroma of black tea from Changning production area；dihydroactinidolide and dihydro‐β‐ionone contributed prominently to the floral and fruity aroma of Menghai production area，and heptaldehyde contributed prominently to the fruity aroma of Fengqing production area.Further analysis showed that the Yunnan black tea aroma types of the four production areas were mainly floral and fruity.Combined with the cluster analysis，Changning and Fengqing production areas had floral and sweet aroma，and the fruity aroma was stronger，absence of honey notes；and the differentiated compounds of Simao and Menghai production areas were more diverse，and the composite aroma was obvious，which involved the sweet aroma，honey aroma，grassy aroma，clear aroma and fat aroma. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Impact of Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Respiration ZHU Leyang, ZHANG Xizhe, TAO Jiang, WANG Xiu, HAN Yanying, YE Yanhui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (10): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.001 Abstract （490）      PDF （1280KB）（987）       Knowledge map    Save Nitrogen deposition，as a critical ecological factor in the soil ecosystem，significantly affects the structure and function of ecosystems.To systematically elucidate the impact of nitrogen deposition on soil respiration，the effects of nitrogen deposition on soil root respiration，soil microorganism respiration，soil animal respiration and chemical oxidation of soil carbon⁃containing minerals were reviewed，and the specific effects of different nitrogen deposition gradients on soil respiration were analyzed.In order to provide a theoretical reference for subsequent in⁃depth monitoring and research of soil respiration and related life activities，the future research directions in the field of soil respiration were prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Effects of Ecological Factors on Tobacco Aroma Characteristics LIU Jingjing, CUI Guangzhou, DUAN Wangjun, WANG Weimin, ZHANG Li, JIA Wei, XU Zicheng, XU Jiayang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (2): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.02.001 Abstract （568）      PDF （1699KB）（959）       Knowledge map    Save Aroma substance is an important quality factor to measure the quality of tobacco leaves.The formation of aroma style of high quality tobacco leaves is easily restricted by ecological factors.In this paper，four important aroma precursors in tobacco were introduced，and the difference of aroma substance content in different aroma types of tobacco was analyzed. The effects of different ecological factors on tobacco aroma substances were reviewed from two aspects：abiotic factors（light，temperature，rainfall，soil，altitude）and biological factors（soil microorganisms）.The relationship between aroma substances and tobacco aroma characteristics was further discussed，and the effects of aroma precursors and ecological factors on tobacco aroma were summarized. Finally，the future research direction was prospected，in order to provide new ideas for the study on rational planting and quality improvement of tobacco. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Mechanism and Application of Reductive Soil Disinfection（RSD）in Prevention and Control of Continuous Cropping Obstacles of Facility Soil and Vegetable WANG Guangyin, GUO Weili, CHEN Bihua, PAN Feifei, HUANG Xinqi, CAI Zucong, ZHOU Jianhua, GU Guilan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (1): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.01.001 Abstract （518）      PDF （1283KB）（865）       Knowledge map    Save Reductive soil disinfestation（RSD） is an environment‑friendly method，which has the characteristics of inhibiting soil‑borne pathogens and improving soil physicochemical properties.It has been successfully applied to prevent and control the continuous cropping obstacle in facility soil and vegetable production.In order to provide theoretical reference for the mechanism and application study of RSD to prevent and control soil continuous cropping obstacles，this paper summarizes the mechanism research progress of RSD to prevent and control soil continuous cropping obstacle，introduces the specific application of RSD in facility soil and vegetable production in recent years，and prospects the future research and application of RSD. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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New Research Progress of bZIP Transcription Factors in Improving Plant Stress Resistance HAO Hongyan, SANG Huitong, LÜ Shanhua, FAN Yinglun, LI Haiyun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 1-8.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.001 Abstract （596）      PDF （1297KB）（788）       Knowledge map    Save Plants will be hurt when encountering adversity，and genetic engineering technology is a quick and effective way to improve plant stress resistance. As one of the most diverse and relatively conserved gene families in higher plants，basic leucine zipper（bZIP） transcription factors play an important regulatory role in plant resistance to low temperature，drought，salinity，pests and other biotic and abiotic stresses.In this paper，the structure，classification of bZIP transcription factors in plants and the new research progress in improving plant resistance to abiotic（drought，high temperature，low temperature，high salinity，nutrient deficiency，etc.）and biotic stresses were reviewed，so as to provide references for the utilization of bZIP transcription factors and the genetic improvement of plant stress resistance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Quality Traits of Foxtail Millet LI Junxia, MA Xiaoqian, DAI Shutao, QIN Na, SONG Yinghui, ZHU Cancan, LIU Haixia, JIN Songcan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 14-23.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.002 Abstract （329）      PDF （1347KB）（753）       Knowledge map    Save Foxtail millet is an important multigrain crop in China，which is rich in protein，fatty acid，saccharides，dietary fiber and abundant essential trace elements for human body，and has high nutritional value. In this paper，the research progress of foxtail millet quality traits was reviewed from the aspects of appearance quality，eating and cooking quality，nutrient quality and processing quality，the existing problems in the research of foxtail millet quality were analyzed，and the prospect of further research was prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Alleviating Continuous Cropping Obstacles by Allium L.Plants GUO Jianing, LI Nannan, LI Kun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 11-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.002 Abstract （369）      PDF （1333KB）（688）       Knowledge map    Save Soil continuous cropping obstacles commonly occur in many plants，such as grain crops，fruit trees，vegetables，Chinese herbal medicines and others，restricting the healthy and sustainable development of the industry.Intercropping，rotation and relay intercropping are important agricultural management measures，and they can regulate the microecological environment of rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping，reducing the harm of continuous cropping.Allium L.plants contain various biologically active components such as organic sulfur compounds，saponins，flavonoids，and other compounds.They are often used as an intercropping，rotation or relay intercropping crop to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles.This paper expounded the alleviative effects of Allium L.plants on continuous cropping obstaces，and the alleviating mechanism of Allium L.plants on continuous cropping obstacles was discussed from photosynthetic characteristics，antioxidant enzyme activity，root exudate characteristics and soil nutrients，enzyme activity and microorganisms quantity and community structure.The components contained in root exudates and plant volatiles of Allium L.plants were analyzed.Finally，the research direction of mechanisms of Allium L.plants alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and the development of active substances were proposed，which laid a theoretical foundation for further application of Allium L.plants in alleviating continuous cropping obstacles. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and Application of Lightweight Yolov7‐TSA Network in Tea Disease Detection and Identification LI Weihao, ZHAN Wei, ZHOU Wan, HAN Tao, WANG Peiwen, LIU Hu, XIONG Mengyuan, SUN Yong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 162-169.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.019 Abstract （383）      PDF （3989KB）（666）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the problems of low accuracy，slow model running speed and no detection function of the existing tea disease identification methods，a novel Yolov7‐TSA（Yolov7‐Tiny‐SiLU‐Attention）lightweight network architecture was proposed to detect and classify tea diseases.Specifically，the LeakReLU activation function in the Yolov7‐T network was replaced with the SiLU activation function to improve detection accuracy and prevent overfitting.Meanwhile，the feature perception of target contour and spatial location was further improved by fusing the coordinate attention mechanism. Experiments on the dataset containing eight tea diseases（including healthy tea leaves） showed that the recognition accuracy of Yolov7‐TSA network reached 94.2%，which was 3.2 and 1.2 percentage points higher compared to Yolov7‐T and Yolov7 networks，respectively.Furthermore，it showed significant results in terms of parameters，floating point operations，model size and inference time per image，which were reduced by 83%，87%，83% and 34%，respectively，compared to the Yolov7 network. The network model achieves the detection and classification of tea diseases when balancing recognition accuracy and real‐time performance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Succulent Plant Classification and Recognition Method Based on Contrastive Learning FENG Yuxin, LIANG Shaohua, TONG Hao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (7): 154-162.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.07.016 Abstract （306）      PDF （3327KB）（648）       Knowledge map    Save In view of the large variety of succulents，the large intra⁃class differences and the small inter⁃class differences，as well as the difficulty of data collection，traditional classification algorithms cannot effectively solve the problem of succulent plant image classification.This paper proposed a contrastive learning based succulent plant image classification network CL_ConvNeXt.The network was based on ConvNeXt structure and introduced the idea of contrastive learning.A non⁃linear projection layer（Projection head）was added in the middle layer of the network as an auxiliary classifier to help the model extract features from the shallow network.In a batch，positive samples were constructed through data augmentation，and the remaining samples were considered as negative samples.The cross entropy loss function and the contrastive loss function were weighted to newly design loss function calculation method，which could achieve one⁃stage model training.Transfer learning was used during training to transfer the pre⁃trained weights to the model to improve the convergence speed of the model，and various strategies and parameters were optimized to further improve the recognition accuracy of the model.The experimental results showed that on the self⁃made 190⁃class succulent plant dataset，under the same training strategy and environment configuration，the recognition accuracy of the final model CL_ConvNeXt for succulent plant image classification reached 91.79%，which was 12.24 percentage points higher than that of the original ConvNeXt model structure，showing good effect on solving the problem of succulent plant image classification and recognition. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Status and Progress of Research on Soil Water Movement and Distribution in Subsurface Drip Irrigation WANG Dongbo, QIAN Zhiyong, WANG Dong, HUANG Guoliang, YANG Zhenjie, ZHANG Yijie Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (12): 1-13.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.12.001 Abstract （414）      PDF （1989KB）（623）       Knowledge map    Save The movement and distribution of soil water under subsurface drip irrigation has always been a hot topic in academic circles. In order to clarify the research progress of influencing factors of soil water migration and distribution under subsurface drip irrigation，the basic principles，main characteristics and development history of subsurface drip irrigation technology were summarized.The research methods and conclusions of soil water migration and distribution under different subsurface drip irrigation methods were systematically expounded，and the application status of numerical simulation technology in soil water distribution law research was introduced.The key factors affecting soil water migration and distribution under subsurface drip irrigation conditions were comprehensively analyzed.The current research status and development bottlenecks were summarized，and the future research direction was prospected，in order to provide theoretical reference for further research and improvement of irrigation water use efficiency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Intercropping Promoting Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization WU Xin, BI Jiayu, GE Yingtong, HE Yangfa, WANG Yuyun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.001 Abstract （383）      PDF （1931KB）（622）       Knowledge map    Save The application of phosphate fertilizer and mineral weathering are the main sources of soil phosphorus，but the low utilization rate of phosphorus and the limited ability of crops to absorb and utilize phosphorus lead to the accumulation of soil phosphorus，which limits the growth of crops.Intercropping system can improve soil phosphorus availability.The effects of intercropping on phosphorus utilization rate were summarized.The mechanism of intercropping to improve soil phosphorus availability was reviewed from three aspects：soil microorganisms，crop roots，and changes in endogenous hormones.It is suggested that in the future，we should focus on the in‑situ characterization of plant root morphology，auxin‑related gene expression，soil microorganisms and related functional genes，in order to provide reference for improving phosphorus utilization rate through intercropping. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Effects of Abiotic Stress Factors on Wheat Photosynthesis FANG Yuhui, HUA Xia, HAN Liupeng, ZHAO Mingzhong, QI Xueli, DONG Haibin, HU Lin, Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (10): 1-13.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.10.001 Abstract （508）      PDF （1331KB）（602）       Knowledge map    Save Photosynthesis is the energy source and material basis of wheat growth and development，and plays an important role in the formation of wheat yield.In recent years，climate anomalies have occurred frequently.High temperature，low temperature，drought，waterlogging，saline‑alkaline，high light and low light have become the main factors affecting wheat photosynthesis.This paper reviewed the research progress of the effects of abiotic stresses such as temperature，water，saline‑alkaline and light intensity on wheat photosynthesis，pointed out the problems existing in this research field，and prospected the future research direction，so as to provide theoretical reference for wheat high photosynthetic efficiency breeding and cultivation management. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Conservation Tillage in China QIN Meng, DONG Quanzhong, XUE Hong, ZHANG Mingming, LI Weiwei, SONG Huan, ZHAI Lingxia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (7): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.07.001 Abstract （820）      PDF （1252KB）（600）       Knowledge map    Save Conservation tillage is an environmentally friendly farming model that reduces soil erosion，protects the ecological environment of farmland，and achieves coordinated development of ecological，economic and social benefits by means of less tillage，no⁃tillage and surface mulching of straw.In order to reduce soil erosion，desertification and salinization，soil management methods need to be changed from traditional tillage to protect the soil environment，stabilize food and increase income.This paper introduces the importance of conservation tillage for the sustainable development of agriculture，systematically describes the current development status of conservation tillage，analyzes the key points and difficulties of future development of conservation tillage，and provides an outlook on the future development direction of conservation tillage to provide reference for improving the development system of conservation tillage. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Vaccine for Piglets LÜ Linfen, PANG Shengmei, LI Baoliang, LIANG Yuxuan, DUAN Qiangde Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 1-8.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.001 Abstract （277）      PDF （1262KB）（579）       Knowledge map    Save Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli（ETEC）is an important pathogen causing diarrhea of piglets in the world. Various strategies such as giving antibiotics in the feed，oral administration of specific antibodies，dietary and diet supplementary treatment，and genetic breeding have been used to prevent and treat ETEC infection.Compared with other preventive measures，vaccination is the most economical and effective mean to prevent diarrhea of piglets caused by ETEC.In this paper，the latest research progress of ETEC vaccine for porcine was reviewed，the challenges in ETEC vaccine research were analyzed，and the research strategies for effective vaccines were proposed，in order to provide the basis for the development of novel，safe，efficient and broad‐spectrum ETEC vaccines. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Leaf‑pinching on Leaf Yield，Nutrient Content，Grain Yield and Economic Benefit of Sesame LI Feng, GAO Tongmei, WANG Dongyong, TIAN Yuan, SU Xiaoyu, ZHANG Pengyu, YANG Zihao, WEI Shuangling Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (10): 44-52.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.10.006 Abstract （706）      PDF （1441KB）（578）       Knowledge map    Save To determine the best picking time and method of sesame leaves and ensure the maximum economic benefit，white sesame Zhengtaizhi 3 was used as the material to study the effects of picking time and methods on leaf yield，grain yield，plant characters and economic benefit of sesame by setting four picking periods including early flowering stage（T1），15 days of full flowering stage（T2），30 days of full flowering stage（T3）and final flowering stage（T4）.The leaf picking methods were picking one side leaves （D1）and picking all leaves（D2），with the treatment without picking leaves as CK. The results showed that the effects of leaf picking time and method on sesame leaf and grain yields reached a significant level.Compared with CK，the grain yield reduction range was as follows：picking leaves at 15 days of full flowering stage>picking leaves at early flowering stage>picking leaves at 30 days of full flowering stage>picking leaves at the end of flowering stage. Among them，picking all the leaves at 15 days of full flowering period in two years decreased by more than 73%，and picking all the leaves at early flowering stage in two years decreased by 50.80%（2017）and 53.33%（2018），respectively.The yield of sesame leaves showed picking leaves at 15 days in full flowering stage>picking leaves at 30 days in full flowering stage>picking leaves in the final flowering stage>picking leaves in the early flowering stage.The results of quality changes showed that the contents of crude fat，crude fiber，vitamin E，total sugar and total flavonoids in sesame leaves increased at first and then decreased with the postponement of picking leaves，and the highest values were observed at 30 days of full flowering stage，the content of crude protein decreased，and the contents of total ash and selenium increased with the postponement of picking leaves.The economic benefit of picking all sesame leaves at 30 days in full flowering stage was 19.36%（2017）and 34.54%（2018）higher than that of CK，and that of picking one side leaves was 20.29%（2017）and 24.39%（2018）higher than that of CK，and the economic benefit was higher than that of other treatments.Therefore，when the leaves are picked at 30 days in full flowering stage，the quality of sesame leaves is the best and the economic benefit is the highest. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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mRNA Vaccines：Research Progress and Applications in Animal Infectious Diseases ZHAI Chongkai, MAO Fuchao, TIAN Wenjing, WANG Conghui, WANG Yingxian, ZHANG Hewei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (5): 10-21.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.05.002 Abstract （526）      PDF （3322KB）（572）       Knowledge map    Save Compared to traditional approaches，RNA vaccines offer advantages such as high safety，good efficacy，and short development cycle，which makes them have unique advantages in the prevention and control of infectious diseases.Currently，mRNA vaccines have made great progress in the prevention and control of COVID‑19，influenza，Ebola，Zika and other human diseases，but the research on mRNA vaccines for animals is still not in‑depth.Therefore，the development of mRNA vaccines for animals to prevent and control infectious diseases in livestock，poultry，and wild animals has become one of the important research directions in the field of animal diseases and public health.This review comprehensively discusses the design，preparation，delivery system，application，advantages，challenges and prospects of mRNA vaccines against animal infectious diseases，to provide valuable insights for the development and research of future animal mRNA vaccines. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Analysis of Flower Size and Related Characters in Petunia ZHANG Linxia, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Shuting, SUN Miaomiao, ZHANG Xiaomin, LI Zhineng, LIU Guofeng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (2): 118-127.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.013 Abstract （349）      PDF （3922KB）（556）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the inheritance law of petunia flower size,four generations of genetic populations(P1,P2,F1,F2）were constructed using the large⁃flowered and small⁃flowered inbred lines of petunia as parents.The main gene+polygene mixed genetic model analysis was carried out,and the genetic law was verified by crossing the F1 plant with the medium⁃flowered petunia line W115.Moreover,the F2 population was used to investigate 23 phenotypic traits including flower diameter，sepal length,leaf length etc.,and the correlation analysis of these traits was carried out.The results showed that the flower diameter of petunia(large flower vs. small flower)was controlled by two pairs of additive major genes(2MG⁃A),and the heritability of major genes was 95.38%;the offspring of the F1 crossing W115 showed a separation ratio of 1∶1 between the large⁃flowered individuals and medium⁃flowered individuals，and the chlorophyll content of leaves and bracts in medium⁃flowered plants was significantly higher than that in large⁃flowered plants(P<0.01).The phenotypic traits of F2 population derived from hybridization between large⁃flower and small⁃flower parents had abundant variation,and the coefficient of variation varied from 7.67% to 59.93%,with an average of 22.38%.Correlation analysis showed that there were certain correlations among the floral traits,leaf traits and between them,and the flower diameter was significantly positively correlated with the size of other organs,but significantly negatively correlated tosome plant traits. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Vaccine for Pigs LIANG Yuxuan, PANG Shengmei, LIU Mei, WANG Longlong, DUAN Qiangde Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.001 Abstract （429）      PDF （1511KB）（548）       Knowledge map    Save Porcine epidemic diarrhea（PED）caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus（PEDV）is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease of pigs，which leads to high morbidity and mortality in the suckling piglets，thereby bringing huge economic losses to the global pig industry.Vaccination is currently the most economical and effective measure for the prevention of PED，but due to the continuous emergence of PEDV variants，the immune protection of the vaccine is not effective.Therefore，the development of safer and more effective vaccines for preventing PED is urgently needed. Here we mainly reviewed the pathogenic characteristics，the pathogenic mechanism of PEDV，and the latest progress in PEDV vaccine research. Futhermore，the research strategy of a novel and effective PEDV vaccine was also prospected，to provide a reference for effective prevention and control of PED in clinical settings. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on Application of Rational Design of Enzyme in Crop Breeding and Prospect WANG Donghui, WANG Aoxuan, HE Changhai, LIU Zhihao, SHI Yongchun, WANG Ran, WANG Xiaoran Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.05.001 Abstract （381）      PDF （1812KB）（544）       Knowledge map    Save Excellent germplasm resources are important guarantee for food security，and traditional breeding techniques have problems such as long breeding cycles and intensive workloads. With the deep integration of biology and computer technology，the rational design of enzyme used for directional optimization of key crop genes has laid the foundation for greater exploitation of high‑quality genetic resources.It further integrates with gene editing and transgenic technologies，and becomes one of the important directions in the exploration of molecular breeding technology.This article elaborated the common methods of rational design of enzyme，such as molecular docking，molecular dynamic simulations，binding free energy evaluation and so on，reviewed the progress on application of rational design of enzyme in improvement of crop quality，stress resistance and biomass，and the future was prospected，to provide reference for the development and utilization of new technologies in crop breeding. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Application in Livestock，Poultry and Aquaculture Production of Bacillus subtilis and Its Effect on  Intestinal Health of Animals FENG Lili Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.001 Abstract （285）      PDF （1361KB）（536）       Knowledge map    Save Bacillus subtilis can form spores，has strong resistance and good stability，and has several advantages compared with conventional probiotics.Bacillus subtilis can be used as a microecological agent in livestock，poultry and aquaculture production，and has positive impact on animal production performance via improvement of digestion and absorption.Bacillus subtilis can improve meat quality，enhance immunity and regulate intestinal health.The biological characteristics of Bacillus subtilis，the application in livestock，poultry and aquaculture production and the impact on intestinal health were reviewed in this paper，so as to provide reference for further development and utilization of Bacillus subtilis microecologics for feeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rice Phenotypic Parameters Extraction and Biomass Estimation Based on Three⁃Dimensional Model CHENG Zhiqiang, FANG Shenghui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (7): 144-153.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.07.015 Abstract （1223）      PDF （6848KB）（527）       Knowledge map    Save The phenotype detection methods based on two⁃dimensional images lack spatial dimension information and have difficulty in extracting comprehensive rice phenotype parameters.Therefore，it is of great significance to establish a three⁃dimensional model of rice to extract comprehensive rice phenotype parameters.The volume is an important parameter indicating the growth status of rice. How to obtain rice volume parameters without damaging the rice plant is still a problem to be solved in current research.Based on the above considerations，a method of rice phenotypic parameters extraction and biomass estimation based on three⁃dimensional model is proposed in this paper，which can extract rice volume parameters and estimate rice biomass without damaging the rice plant.This study focused on potted rice，first reconstructed its three⁃dimensional model using the Alpha⁃shape algorithm，and then extracted and evaluated rice height，stem thickness，vegetation coverage，volume parameters，and estimated rice biomass based on the volume parameter.The experimental results showed that space carving could reconstruct a high⁃precision three⁃dimensional model of rice and accurately measure rice phenotype parameters and biomass，the RMSE and MAPE of rice height，stem thickness，and single plant vegetation coverage were 63.27 mm，4.01 mm，5.04% and 7.15%，14.91%，12.59%，and the RMSE and MAPE of rice biomass were 62.44 g and 19.25%，which were better than the results obtained by existing three⁃dimensional reconstruction software. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological Characteristics and Occurrence of Aoria nigripes（Coleoptera：Chrysomelidae）in Ampelopsis grossedentata ZHANG Mengmeng, LI Li, CHEN Qin, CHEN Mingxiu, WEI Yun, YU Zhengwen Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (2): 94-102.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.02.011 Abstract （333）      PDF （5654KB）（527）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the phenomenon of the explosive damage of beetle insects on the new‑generation vine tea，this study would clarify the specific species and damage risks through filed survey and indoor rearing observation.The results showed that the insect was identified by morphological and anatomical observations as Aoria nigripes，which belonged to Coleoptera，Chrysomeloidae，Eumolpidea，and Aoria.Currently，it only occurs sporadically in the plants of Vitis and Parthenocissus.It is clear that the leaf beetle has one generation per year in Guizhou，and the adult blooming period is from June to July.The adult damages the leaves and shoots，and the damaged parts is a strip‑shaped hole.It has strong activity，is good at flying，and has pseudolethality.The adults can lay eggs for many times，and the number of eggs laid can reach 34.50 eggs per female. The larvae have weak crawling ability，and mainly feed on the roots of vine tea in a tunnel shape. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Metabolites Mining and Path Enrichment Analysis of Tigernut Tuber Formation GUO Xiaoyang, LA Guixiao, XU Xinran, YU Yange, DAI Dandan, LI Yanpeng, WANG Yanhong, GUO Hongxia, YANG Tiegang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 30-43.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.004 Abstract （924）      PDF （4749KB）（509）       Knowledge map    Save In order to dig out the key metabolites in the process of forming tubers by the stolons of tigernut and regulate the stolons to form more tubers，the stolons and new tubers were taken as the research objects，and untargeted metabolomics analysis was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography Abstract：In order to dig out the key metabolites in the process of forming tubers by the stolons of tigernut and regulate the stolons to form more tubers，the stolons and new tubers were taken as the research objects，and untargeted metabolomics analysis was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography combined with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.And then，the differential metabolites related to the formation of tubers were screened by multivariate statistical method，and KEGG metabolic pathways associated with differential metabolites were enriched.The results showed that a total of 1 217 metabolites were detected in unexpanded stolons（PFJ1），expanded stolons（PFJ2）and new tubers（JD1）.According to the conditions of VIP（Variable importance in the projection）>1，P<0.05 and FC（Fold change）>2 or FC<0.5，35 differential metabolites were screened for JD1 vs PFJ1，of which 26 were up‑regulated and nine were down‑regulated；JD1 vs PFJ2 identified 57 differential metabolites，of which 50 were up‑regulated and seven were down‑regulated；PFJ2 vs PFJ1 identified 39 differential metabolites，of which three were up‑regulated and 36 down‑regulated. The metabolites were identified as amino acids and their derivatives，nucleotides and their derivatives，organic oxygen compounds，flavonoids，phenylpropanes，phenols and so on. The relative content analysis of differential metabolites showed that the content of glutathione in JD1 was 14.021 times that in PFJ1 and 29.195 times that in PFJ2.The content of 3‑methy‑L‑histidine in JD1 was 10.463 times that in PFJ1 and 129.931 times that in PFJ2.The content of kaempferol in JD1 was 0.421 times that in PFJ1 and 0.358 times that in PFJ2.KEGG pathway analysis of differentially expressed metabolites was further conducted，and they were mainly concentrated into KEGG pathways such as aminoacyl‑tRNA biosynthesis，arginine and proline metabolism，alanine，aspartic acid and glutamate metabolism，phenylalanine metabolism，flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis.In summary，amino acids and flavonoids were the main metabolites related to the formation of tubers，and the metabolic pathways were mainly concentrated in aminoacyl‑tRNA biosynthesis and flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis.   Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Function of MicroRNA in the Process of Baculovirus Infection ZHANG Xiaoxia, SUN Xiaoyan, YANG Yanqing, WANG Qiuyun, LIANG Zhenpu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (10): 9-16.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.10.002 Abstract （266）      PDF （1302KB）（505）       Knowledge map    Save MicroRNAs（miRNAs）are a class of non‑coding RNAs encoded by endogenous genes，about 22 nt，which are key regulators of gene expression and participate in a series of important biological processes in organisms.Most DNA viruses encode miRNA，including baculovirus. The baculovirus consists of double‑stranded circular DNA，can specifically infect insects of Lepidoptera，Hymenoptera and Diptera，and has been widely used in agricultural pest control and biological research.The biosynthesis and functional mechanism of miRNAs were introduced in the paper，and virus‑ and host‑encoded miRNAs after baculovirus infection of hosts and the functions of miRNAs in the process of baculovirus infection were reviewed，which can provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of baculovirus insecticides. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Status and Progress of Fluorescent Labeling Technology in the Creation of Novel Agrocompounds WEN Ding, ZHANG Ya, LIU Shuangqing, WANG Chong, LIAO Xiaolan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 1-13.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.001 Abstract （320）      PDF （1591KB）（499）       Knowledge map    Save Fluorescent labeling technology（FLT）is widely used in all aspects of the modern society,but its application in the field of agrocompound creation has rarely been reviewed. Based on the domestic and foreign literature on FLT in the field of agrocompound creation in the past 10 years，the kinds of fluorescent dyes in FLT was introduced，the application situation and progress of fluorescence probe technology and immunofluorescence technology in new agrocompound creation field were summarized，the limitations and deficiencies of FLT in the field of agrocompound creation were analyzed，and the development trend of FLT in the future was prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification，Evolution and Expression Analysis of WOX Gene Family in Capsicum annuum ZHANG Yeda, WANG Xing, WANG Liping, TONG Jing, WU Zhanhui, GAO Yankui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 130-141.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.015 Abstract （360）      PDF （5175KB）（496）       Knowledge map    Save The WUSCHEL（WUS）‐related homeobox（WOX）transcription factor family is a kind of plant specific transcription factors，which maintain the dynamic balance of plant stem cells，shoot tip meristem formation，embryonic development and other important life activities.In this study，10 WOX genes were identified in pepper（Capsicum annuum）variety Zunla‐1 by using bioinformatics methods，named CaWUS to CaWOX13.CaWOXs were unevenly distributed on 5 chromosomes and are divided into 3 branches.All subcellular predictions showed being located in the nucleus.The number of genes varied greatly among different branches，and members of the same branch had similar gene structures and conserved motifs.CaWOX family promoters contained 14 kinds of action elements related to plant growth and development，hormone regulation and stress，and the most widely distributed was methyl jasmonate response element.No tandem duplication and large fragment duplication were found in CaWOX family，but there was a collinear relationship with Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum.As a key protein，CaWUS played a pivotal role in the protein interaction network.The gene expression of CaWOXs was significantly different，and some genes played an important role in the regulation of root，stem and fruit development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Absorption of Germanium in Soils and Its Accumulation Mechanism in Camellia sinensis SU Qiqian, AN Fuquan, YU Longfeng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (4): 1-8.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.001 Abstract （276）      PDF （1291KB）（482）       Knowledge map    Save Camellia sinensis is an economically significant crop in China,which can absorb and utilize germanium,thus promoting its growth and development.Through bioenrichment,Camellia sinensis transforms toxic inorganic germanium(GeO2)into non⁃toxic organic germanium(Ge⁃132).Moreover,the organic germanium can be absorbed by human and is beneficial to health.The application research of germanium in Camellia sinensis is still in the initial stage,and it is important to explore the germanium accumulation mechanism for developping germanium⁃rich tea.Therefore,the distribution of germanium in soil,the relationship between germanium in soil and growth of Camellia sinensis,the absorption and utilization of germanium by Camellia sinensis and the accumulation mechanism of germanium in Camellia sinensis were reviewed,which will provide basic information and theoretical reference for improving the germanium absorption efficiency of Camellia sinensis from soils and planting germanium⁃rich tea in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Apple Leaf Diseases Identification Based on Improved Residual Network CHEN Cong, YU Xiao, GONG Qi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 152-161.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.018 Abstract （1164）      PDF （5367KB）（477）       Knowledge map    Save Apple leaf diseases are similar in morphology and different in spot size，and traditional methods relying on labor and agricultural experts to identify them are inefficient. In view of this，this study proposed an apple disease identification model REP⁃ResNet based on improved residual network.This model was improved by adopting the order adjustment of residual structure（that was bath normalization，activation function，convolutional layer），and adding the efficient channel attention and parallel convolution based on the baseline model ResNet⁃50.During the training process，the model weight parameters pretrained in the public dataset PlantVillage were transferred to the above network model for retraining，which aimed to accelerate the convergence speed of the network and improve the recognition ability of the model.Data expansion was used to solve the problem of uneven samples during training.The results showed that the recognition accuracy of the REP⁃ResNet model was 2.41 percentage points higher than that of the benchmark network model.The model was trained by transfer learning，and the accuracy rate of apple leaf disease recognition in complex backgrounds reached 97. 69%. Compared with traditional convolutional neural networks，the recognition effect was greatly improved. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Temperature and Moisture Content on Thermophysical Properties of Tobacco Leaves and Establishment of Prediction Models CHEN Jiading, HE Rong, XIAO Qingli, YUAN Ming, TAN Qizhong, PENG Kui, WEI Shuo, LI Shengchun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (6): 172-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.06.018 Abstract （1162）      PDF （3074KB）（471）       Knowledge map    Save In order to comprehensively understand the thermophysical properties of different components of tobacco leaves and provide reference for the design of thermal processing technology such as baking，moisture regain and redrying，the thermal diffusion coefficient，thermal conductivity and mass specific heat capacity of post⁃baking tobacco leaves and main veins were measured by the thermal probe method under the temperature from 10 to 70℃ and moisture content from 5% to 30%，respectively，and the variation pattern was analyzed.The correlation between temperature，moisture content and the values of thermophysical properties of tobacco leaves was fitted in the form of exponential function with the help of MATLAB software to construct an empirical mathematical model of the thermophysical properties of tobacco leaves，which was verified by experiments.The results showed that，（1）The density of tobacco leaves and main veins increased with the increase of moisture content.When the moisture content was 5%—30%，the density of leaves was 562.79—684.84 kg/m3，and the density of main veins was 908.83 to 1 045.51 kg/m3；（2）The increase of temperature and moisture content would increase the thermal diffusion coefficient of tobacco leaves and main veins，and the contribution rate of moisture content was greater.The thermal diffusion coefficient of leaves was 0.092 33—0.219 00 mm2/s，and the thermal diffusion coefficient of main veins was 0.088 67—0.149 00 mm2/s；（3）The thermal conductivity of tobacco leaves and main veins increased with the increase of temperature and moisture content.The thermal conductivity of leaves was 0.088 13—0.435 37 W（/m·K），and the thermal conductivity of main veins was 0.160 70—0.388 83 W（/m·K）；（4）The mass specific heat capacity of tobacco leaves and main veins was mainly positively related to the moisture content. The mass specific heat capacity of tobacco leaves was 1 520.623 44—3 123.569 52 J（/kg·K），and the mass specific heat capacity of main veins was 1 618.828 08—2 563.703 20 J（/kg·K）.（5）For verifying the fitted empirical model，R2 was between 0.93 and 0.99.In summary，the thermophysical properties of leaves and main veins differed greatly，and the fitted exponential function could be used as an empirical mathematical model for calculating the corresponding thermophysical property parameters of tobacco leaves and main veins. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Differentially Expressed Storage Protein Genes between Wheat Cultivars with Different Dough Strength CHAO Yueen, LI Wenxu, WANG Shasha, YANG Pan, WU Zhengqing Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (10): 17-24.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.10.003 Abstract （266）      PDF （1311KB）（462）       Knowledge map    Save Two wheat cultivars Zhengmai 158 and Zhengmai 119 with same combinations of high molecular weight glutenin subunits（HMW‑GS）but quite different dough strength and protein content（Zhengmai 158 with high dough strength and low protein content，Zhengmai 119 with low dough strength and high protein content） were used as materials.At 14，21 and 28 days after flowering，grain transcriptome sequencing was performed，and differentially expressed grain storage protein（GSP）genes，sulfur and sulfhydryl contents of the flour，cysteine and free sulfhydryl contents in proteins encoded by differentially expressed GSP genes between the two wheat cultivars were analyzed，so as to explore the possible reasons for the difference of flour quality under the same HMW‑GS combination.The results showed that compared with Zhengmai 119，Zhengmai 158 had lower total proteins and higher gluten index and stabilization time；the two cultivars had same combinations of HMW‑GS，and the expression levels of high and low molecular weight glutenin subunit genes were not significantly different between the two cultivars；twenty‑eight GSP genes were significantly differentially expressed between the two cultivars at the three time points，5（3 avenin‑like genes and 2 gliadin genes）of them were significantly up‑regulated in Zhengmai 158，and 23（16 gliadin genes，5 avenin‑like genes and 2 globulin genes）of them were significantly down‑regulated in Zhengmai 158. There was lower sulfur content，higher contents of free sulfhydryl，total sulfhydryl and disulphide bonds in the flour from Zhengmai 158 than thoes from Zhengmai 119，and the contents of predicted cysteine and free sulfhydryl in proteins encoded by up‑regulated expressed GSP genes in Zhengmai 158 were higher.Consequently，combinations of HMW‑GS may not be the main contributor to flour strength，decreasing the expression level of gliadin genes is an effective measure to improve the dough strength，individual gliadin genes and avenin‑like genes may be closely related to dough strength，and high free sulfhydryl content is the molecular basis of high dough strength. Related Articles | Metrics

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Extraction and Application of Maize Leaf Inclination Angle Using Digital Images BAO Congcong, ZHANG Baolin, NIU Panting, PAN Lijie Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 142-154.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.016 Abstract （350）      PDF （2733KB）（449）       Knowledge map    Save Leaf inclination angle is one of the major features of maize population canopy.The rational distribution of leaf inclination angles is of great importance in light use efficiency and production potential.After digital image processing，including gray‑scale，histogram equalization，median filter，Otsu segmentation，morphological operation，connectivity identification and skeletonization，Freeman codes were used to identify maize stem leaf joints and then leaf inclination angles were extracted.Leaf apex and joints were correctly identified by 94.47% and 93.94%，respectively.The correlation coefficient between observations and calculations of leaf inclination angle was 0.94.This method showed high efficiency and accuracy in leaf inclination angle extraction.Maize leaf inclination angle decreased with the lowering of leaf positions，and increased with the growth of NDVI.The quick and precise extraction of leaf inclination angle will provide scientific basis for phenotype retrieval，growth and development monitoring and agricultural resource use. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Ecological Planting Suitable Areas and Key Ecological Factors of Ganoderma lucidum in Guizhou Province WANG Zhiwei, HU Youqiong, HUANG Anling Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (10): 61-73.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.10.008 Abstract （362）      PDF （3333KB）（447）       Knowledge map    Save To clarify the potential ecological suitable areas of Ganoderma lucidum in Guizhou Province，the key ecological factors and their suitable planting ranges，ecological niche modeling was conducted for G.lucidum using maximum entropy model（MaxEnt）based on the information of 19 sampling points of G.lucidum in Guizhou Province and 95 ecological factors.The key ecological factors and their suitable planting ranges were analyzed using jackknife method，contribution rates of factors and response curves.The results showed that the high suitable areas of G.lucidum in Guizhou Province were mainly located in the northern，northeastern and central to southern regions of Guizhou Province，and concentrated in Huishui County，Longli County，Pingtang County，Guiding County，Yuqing County，Suiyang County，Duyun City，Ziyun County and Meitan County，etc. Percentage of mixed/other trees（Lcov4），mean diurnal temperature range（Bio2），precipitation of February（Prec2），percentage of shrubs（Lcov5），solar radiation value of October（Srad10），percentage of evergreen broadleaf trees（Lcov2），percentage of evergreen/deciduous needleleaf trees（Lcov1）and precipitation of September（Prec9）were the key ecological factors affecting the potential suitable distribution of G.lucidum in Guizhou Province. Cumulative contribution rate of vegetation factors（48.17%）>precipitation factors（21.36%）> temperature factors（15.36%）>solar radiation factors（13.70%）>topography factors（1.41%）. Based on the above results，it is suggested that G.lucidum should be planted in the northern，northeastern and central to southern regions of Guizhou Province.Vegetation factors should be given priority in the planting process，followed by precipitation，temperature，solar radiation and topography factors.The range of Lcov4，Bio2，Prec2，Lcov5，Srad10，Lcov2，Lcov1，Prec9 should be controlled within 30%—55%（optimally 40%），5—8 ℃（optimally7℃），20—60 mm（optimally 30 mm），10%—30%（optimally 15%），9 000—12 000 kJ（/ m2·d）［optimally 10 000 kJ（/ m2·d）］，2%—20%（optimally 2%），1%—15%（optimally 2%），100—140 mm（optimally 120 mm），respectively. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Extraction and Quality Analysis of Coix Seed Oil CHEN Chao, LÜ Du, TANG Jianbo, HUANG Shan, LI Ying Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 162-169.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.019 Abstract （333）      PDF （1413KB）（440）       Knowledge map    Save In order to obtain high⁃quality coix seed oil and improve the extraction rate of coix seed oil，different organic solvents were selected to extract coix seed oil by using the soxhlet reflux extraction method.The quality of coix seed oil was analyzed from its sensory characteristics，physical and chemical index，fatty acid type and content，and active material content.The results showed that the extraction capacity of the organic solvent was petroleum ether>cyclohexane>methanol>anhydrous ethanol.Coix seed oil extracted by petroleum ether and cyclohexane had good fluidity and was easier to collect.The acid value of cyclohexane extracted coix seed oil was 3.66 mg/g，peroxide value was 0.014 g/100g，iodine value was 72.30 g/100g，saponification value was 126 mg/g，refractive index was 1.449，which were lower than coix seed oil extracted by petroleum ether. Their fatty acid compositions were mainly oleic acid，linoleic acid，palmic acid and stearic acid.Based on the extraction rate and quality index of coix seed oil，the best extraction organic solvent of coix seed oil is cyclohexane，with high extraction rate，and good quality of coix seed oil . Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Semen Quality and Fertilization Ability of Different Breeds of Boars YANG Suozhou, WANG Wenwen, WANG Dan, NING Chao, WANG Yang, LI Qian, DONG Licai, GONG Weilong, LI Xin, TANG Hui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 137-142.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.016 Abstract （377）      PDF （1208KB）（437）       Knowledge map    Save To analyze the differences in semen quality and fertilization ability of different breeds of boars，various indicators of semen quality and fertilization ability were measured for Yimeng black pigs，Jiangquan black pigs，and Duroc pigs aged 12 to 36 months at a pig farm in Linyi.We used one⁃way ANOVA and multiple comparison methods to compare the differences in various indicators among different breeds.The breed effect was corrected and the correlation coefficients between various indicators were calculated.The results showed no significant difference between Jiangquan black pigs and Yimeng black pigs in terms of ejaculate volume，sperm density，total effective sperm count，and dilution ratio，but both were significantly higher than Duroc. There was no significant difference between Jiangquan black pigs and Duroc regarding sperm motility，but both were significantly higher than Yimeng black pigs. There was no significant difference in the total effective sperm count per unit volume after dilution and fertilization rate among the three breeds of boars. Jiangquan black pigs exhibited heterosis in terms of ejaculate volume，total effective sperm count，and dilution ratio，with a heterosis rate of 3.8%—5.5%.The correlation analysis showed that the total effective sperm count of the raw semen was significantly positively correlated with the dilution ratio（r=0.99，P<0.01），and the ejaculate volume was significantly positively correlated with the total effective sperm count and dilution ratio of the raw semen（r=0.92，P<0.01）.The ejaculate volume was moderately negatively genetically correlated with sperm density，diluted sperm density，straight⁃line movement sperm count，and total effective sperm count of the raw semen（r=-0.37—-0.21）.However，it did not significantly affect the final fertilization rate（r=-0.06）.Except the moderate positive correlation between the sperm density of the raw semen and fertilization rate（r=0.28，P<0.01），the pre⁃diluted and post⁃diluted semen quality indicators were weakly correlated with the fertilization rate.In conclusion，semen dilution is beneficial to ensure successful artificial insemination. Jiangquan black pigs exhibit a certain degree of heterosis regarding ejaculate volume and total effective sperm count and are superior to their paternal breed Duroc. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Chemical Structure，Toxic Effects and Detection Methods of Alternaria Toxins WANG Ran, LI Yuke, YI Yin, TANG Ming Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (3): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.03.001 Abstract （500）      PDF （1477KB）（437）       Knowledge map    Save Alternaria sp.is ubiquitous in nature and a causal agent of various crops，vegetables，and fruits diseases.Alternaria toxins are a general term for different secondary metabolites produced during the Alternaria infection process.The disease mechanism caused by Alternaria toxins is a hot issue in the current research.Alternaria toxins negatively impact subcellular structures，including chloroplast，mitochondria，plasma membrane，nucleus，etc.Based on interaction characteristics of Alternaria and host，Alternaria toxins are classified into host‑specific toxins（HST）and non‑host‑specific toxins（nHST）.This review focuses on the chemical structure，pathogenicity，and detection techniques of important Alternaria toxins，including the similarities and differences of chemical structure characteristics，differences of targets of pathogenicity，and advantages and disadvantages of different detection methods，which could provide reference for the control of Alternaria disease and the development of toxin detection methods. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome Size，Ploidy and Phylogeny of Cyperus esculentus L. WANG Huiwei, ZHU Shixin, ZHANG Xinyou, WANG Yan, YANG Tiegang, ZHANG Xiangge, WANG Shufeng, LI Chunxin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (1): 34-41.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.01.004 Abstract （1615）      PDF （2024KB）（437）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the genome characteristics of the main varieties and characteristic germplasm of Cyperus esculentus L. in the Huang Huai region and the phylogenetic relationship between them and their related species，the genome size and ploidy of six C. esculentus L. materials were evaluated by flow cytometry and genome survey analysis，and the phylogenetic relationship between them and their related groups was analyzed based on the sequences of the external transcribed spacer（ETS） and internal transcribed spacer（ITS） of ribosomal DNA. The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the genomes of six C.esculentus L. materials were 0.808 6—0.858 5 Gb，with an average of 0.826 4 Gb；the results of genome survey analysis showed that the genome size，proportion of repetitive sequences，GC content and heterozygous ratio of the three tuber types of C.esculentus L. were 0.697 9 Gb，81.02%，34.7% and 0.28% for Yuyousha 2，0.778 7 Gb，84.45%，36.4% and 0.08% for Yuyousha 3.and 0.790 6 Gb，83.75%，34.9% and 0.19% for YYS‑4，respectively；genome survey analysis and pollen staining results showed that the three tuber types of C.esculentus L. were triploid. Phylogenetic analysis showed that six C. esculentus L. were clustered into C.esculentus L.branch，this branch was closely related to the branch composed of C.rotundus L. and C.glomeratus L.，they formed sister group，and formed C4 plant branch with C.iria L. ，C.glomeratus L. and C.cuspidatus H.B.K. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on Application of Nano‑gene Vector in Plant Genetic Transformation AN Yiwei, LIANG Huihui, ZHONG Chongjia, SUN Dihu, SHENG Jiacheng, ZHANG Zhen, LI Hao, GUO Guanghui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2022, 51 (12): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.12.001 Abstract （478）      PDF （1364KB）（436）       Knowledge map    Save Nano‑gene vector constructed with nanomaterial has special superiority in plant genetic transformation，and has been successfully applied in genetic transformation of a variety of plants.The properties and types of nano‑gene vectors were clarified，the progress on application of inorganic nano‑gene vector，natural polymeric nano‑gene vector and synthetic polymeric nano‑gene vector in plan genetic transformation was reviewed，and the application prospects of nano‑gene vector in plant genetic transformation were forecasted. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Crop Leaf Diseases Based on Improved MobileNetV2 Model WANG Huanxin, SHEN Zhihao, LIU Quan, LIU Jinjiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 143-151.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.017 Abstract （1388）      PDF （2715KB）（435）       Knowledge map    Save In order to achieve convenient recognition of crop leaf disease images based on mobile，improve the efficiency of crop disease recognition and thus better guide crop disease control，a crop disease recognition model was established based on an improved lightweight convolutional neural network MobileNetV2.First，a crop dataset containing 15 types of diseased leaves and 4 types of healthy leaves was created and the data was balanced using data enhancement operations.Second，based on the improvement of MobileNetV2，efficient channel attention（ECA）and attentional feature fusion（AFF）were introduced，and the redundant layers were removed by model pruning，and a high⁃performance lightweight crop disease recognition model was proposed.The results showed that the number of parameters of the improved MobileNetV2 model was reduced by 15.37% compared with that of MobileNetV2，while the recognition accuracy was improved by 0.9 percentage points to 98.4% compared with that before the improvement.Compared with the classical convolutional neural network models such as EfficientNet⁃b0 and ShuffleNetV2⁃0. 5X，the improved model not only had the highest recognition accuracy，but also had a faster convergence rate during training. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and Identification of Plant Growth⁃Promoting Rhizobacteria and Their Growth⁃Promoting Effects on Tobacco NIU Wenyan, LI Xiaojie, XU Min, QIU Rui, BAI Jingke, LIU Chang, CHEN Yuguo, SI Junke, LI Shujun, SONG Pengyu, SONG Shouye Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (3): 50-59.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.03.006 Abstract （212）      PDF （2942KB）（428）       Knowledge map    Save To explore multifunctional beneficial microbial strains that promote tobacco growth，bacterial strains with growth⁃promoting potential were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy crops in Jiaxian County，Pingdingshan City，Henan Province.The bacterial strains were identified through morphological，physiological，biochemical analyses，and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.Their growth⁃promoting effects were confirmed through petri dish seed germination tests and pot experiments involving tobacco. The results indicated that strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 had indole⁃3⁃acetic acid（IAA）concentrations of 28.35 mg/L and 22.03 mg/L in their fermentation broths， respectively， with 1⁃aminocyclopropane⁃1⁃carboxylic acid（ACC）deaminase activities of 546.64 U/L and 521.21 U/L.Both strains also exhibited phosphate solubilization，potassium release，and nitrogen fixation capabilities.Identification confirmed that strain JLS0502 was Leclercia adecarboxylata，while strain JLS0413 was Enterobacter ludwigii.Treatment with strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 significantly improved the germination rate of tobacco seeds and promoted root elongation. Pot experiments showed that strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 significantly improved agronomic traits，including plant height，fresh weight，and root morphology of tobacco. Specifically，compared to the uninoculated control，the plant height，total fresh weight，root fresh weight，total root surface area，and total root volume increased by 66.05%，55.82%，59.30%，22.55%，29.37%，and 75.38%，66.29%，105.23%，90.15%，and 140.48%，respectively.Furthermore，the levels of plant hormones，including brassinolide（BR），gibberellin（GA），and indole⁃3⁃acetic acid（IAA），as well as the activities of defense enzymes，such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase（PAL），catalase（CAT），peroxidase（POD），polyphenol oxidase（PPO），and superoxide dismutase（SOD），were significantly higher in the tobacco leaves than in the control group.These findings highlight the significant growth⁃promoting effects of strains JLS0502 and JLS0413 on tobacco. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advance in Biological Pollutants in Agricultural Irrigation with Reclaimed Water ZHANG Hongwei, CUI Bingjian, LIU Chuncheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (3): 1-16.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.03.001 Abstract （481）      PDF （1369KB）（427）       Knowledge map    Save Rational and safe utilization of reclaimed water is one of the effective ways to alleviate the shortage of freshwater resources in farmland irrigation.Reclaimed water contains certain nutrient elements，but also contains certain harmful elements. Through literature review，this paper introduced in detail the research progress of reclaimed water utilization in agricultural irrigation from the aspects of definition and utilization of reclaimed water，types of biological pollutants，risk identification of biological pollution and risk control technology of reclaimed water quality in order to provide the references for the utilization of reclaimed water.The key future researches on reclaimed water utilization in agriculture were put forward，including evaluating the safety of reclaimed water utilization through long‐term positioning tests，analyzing the half‐life of antibiotics and other emerging pollutants in reclaimed water，formulating corresponding utilization standards，and developing low‐cost and rapid sewage treatment technology. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics