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Analysis of Yunnan Black Tea Aroma Characteristics Based on HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS and OAV DING Qihuan, DENG Min, SHI Dekang, SU Jianmei, GU Chonglin, LI Sijin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (4): 167-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.017 Abstract （335）      PDF （3949KB）（2603）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the aroma characteristics of Yunnan black tea from different production areas in Yunnan,12 tea samples from four production areas,namely,Simao in Puer,Changning in Baoshan,Menghai in Xishuangbanna and Fengqing in Lincang，were selected as materials.The headspace‐solid phase microextraction(HS‐SPME)combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry(GC‐MS)was used to separate and identify the volatile components of Yunnan black tea from different production areas on a DB‐WAX column，and the volatile components of Yunnan black tea were analysed by using aroma activity value(OAV)combined with chemometrics to determine the volatiles composition and aroma characteristics of Yunnan black tea from different production areas.The results showed that a total of 143 volatile substances，mainly alcohols，aldehydes，esters and olefins，were identified in Yunnan black tea from different production areas，and 50 substances(OAV≥1)contributing to the flavor of Yunnan black tea were screened out with the help of OAV，among which linalool and β‐ionone had a prominent position in OAV，and were important for the composition of the flavour of Yunnan black tea from different production areas.By using orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis(OPLS‐DA),combined with variable importance projection(VIP),43 differential markers were screened(VIP≥1).Based on the results of OAV and OPLS‐DA，12 characteristic differential substances of Yunnan black tea were screened：2‐methyl butyraldehyde， benzaldehyde， heptaldehyde，Z‐hex‐3‐en‐1‐ol，methyl 2‐(methylamino)benzoate，dihydroactinidolide，D‐limonene,(E)‐3，7‐dimethylocta‐1,3,6‐triene，β‐ionone，α -lonone，dihydro‐β‐ionone，and P‐cymene.Z‐hex‐3‐en‐1‐ol contributed prominently to the clear aroma of black tea from Changning production area；dihydroactinidolide and dihydro‐β‐ionone contributed prominently to the floral and fruity aroma of Menghai production area，and heptaldehyde contributed prominently to the fruity aroma of Fengqing production area.Further analysis showed that the Yunnan black tea aroma types of the four production areas were mainly floral and fruity.Combined with the cluster analysis，Changning and Fengqing production areas had floral and sweet aroma，and the fruity aroma was stronger，absence of honey notes；and the differentiated compounds of Simao and Menghai production areas were more diverse，and the composite aroma was obvious，which involved the sweet aroma，honey aroma，grassy aroma，clear aroma and fat aroma. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Application in Livestock，Poultry and Aquaculture Production of Bacillus subtilis and Its Effect on  Intestinal Health of Animals FENG Lili Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.05.001 Abstract （630）      PDF （1361KB）（2075）       Knowledge map    Save Bacillus subtilis can form spores，has strong resistance and good stability，and has several advantages compared with conventional probiotics.Bacillus subtilis can be used as a microecological agent in livestock，poultry and aquaculture production，and has positive impact on animal production performance via improvement of digestion and absorption.Bacillus subtilis can improve meat quality，enhance immunity and regulate intestinal health.The biological characteristics of Bacillus subtilis，the application in livestock，poultry and aquaculture production and the impact on intestinal health were reviewed in this paper，so as to provide reference for further development and utilization of Bacillus subtilis microecologics for feeding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Impact of Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Respiration ZHU Leyang, ZHANG Xizhe, TAO Jiang, WANG Xiu, HAN Yanying, YE Yanhui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (10): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.001 Abstract （695）      PDF （1280KB）（1991）       Knowledge map    Save Nitrogen deposition，as a critical ecological factor in the soil ecosystem，significantly affects the structure and function of ecosystems.To systematically elucidate the impact of nitrogen deposition on soil respiration，the effects of nitrogen deposition on soil root respiration，soil microorganism respiration，soil animal respiration and chemical oxidation of soil carbon⁃containing minerals were reviewed，and the specific effects of different nitrogen deposition gradients on soil respiration were analyzed.In order to provide a theoretical reference for subsequent in⁃depth monitoring and research of soil respiration and related life activities，the future research directions in the field of soil respiration were prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Alleviating Continuous Cropping Obstacles by Allium L.Plants GUO Jianing, LI Nannan, LI Kun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 11-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.002 Abstract （680）      PDF （1333KB）（1524）       Knowledge map    Save Soil continuous cropping obstacles commonly occur in many plants，such as grain crops，fruit trees，vegetables，Chinese herbal medicines and others，restricting the healthy and sustainable development of the industry.Intercropping，rotation and relay intercropping are important agricultural management measures，and they can regulate the microecological environment of rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping，reducing the harm of continuous cropping.Allium L.plants contain various biologically active components such as organic sulfur compounds，saponins，flavonoids，and other compounds.They are often used as an intercropping，rotation or relay intercropping crop to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles.This paper expounded the alleviative effects of Allium L.plants on continuous cropping obstaces，and the alleviating mechanism of Allium L.plants on continuous cropping obstacles was discussed from photosynthetic characteristics，antioxidant enzyme activity，root exudate characteristics and soil nutrients，enzyme activity and microorganisms quantity and community structure.The components contained in root exudates and plant volatiles of Allium L.plants were analyzed.Finally，the research direction of mechanisms of Allium L.plants alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and the development of active substances were proposed，which laid a theoretical foundation for further application of Allium L.plants in alleviating continuous cropping obstacles. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Porcine Getah Virus ZHANG Yuyang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 15-22.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.002 Abstract （1498）      PDF （1296KB）（1469）       Knowledge map    Save Getah Virus（GETV） is an emerging insect‑borne pathogen that has caused reproductive disorders in pigs and high mortality in piglets in many countries in recent years，posing a major threat to global animal husbandry and public health. This virus is primarily transmitted by mosquito bites，which can cause widespread infection in pigs and significantly affect reproductive performance and health.In response to the spread of the epidemic，it is urgent to conduct research on genomic characterization and molecular evolution to guide vaccine design and optimize prevention and control strategies.At the same time，it is necessary to clarify the law of GETV transmission through epidemiological investigation and analyze the pathogenic mechanism in order to provide theoretical support for epidemic prevention and control.In addition，improving the accuracy and timeliness of early diagnosis has become a key link in prevention and control.In view of the critical role of early diagnosis in epidemic prevention and control，based on the latest research results，the pathogenic characteristics，epidemiological characteristics，pathogenic mechanism，diagnostic techniques and prevention and control strategies of GETV were systematically discussed，aiming to provide theoretical support for clinical prevention and control，and provide scientific basis for vaccine development，diagnostic technology innovation and prevention and control policy formulation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Intercropping Promoting Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization WU Xin, BI Jiayu, GE Yingtong, HE Yangfa, WANG Yuyun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (12): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.12.001 Abstract （542）      PDF （1931KB）（1396）       Knowledge map    Save The application of phosphate fertilizer and mineral weathering are the main sources of soil phosphorus，but the low utilization rate of phosphorus and the limited ability of crops to absorb and utilize phosphorus lead to the accumulation of soil phosphorus，which limits the growth of crops.Intercropping system can improve soil phosphorus availability.The effects of intercropping on phosphorus utilization rate were summarized.The mechanism of intercropping to improve soil phosphorus availability was reviewed from three aspects：soil microorganisms，crop roots，and changes in endogenous hormones.It is suggested that in the future，we should focus on the in‑situ characterization of plant root morphology，auxin‑related gene expression，soil microorganisms and related functional genes，in order to provide reference for improving phosphorus utilization rate through intercropping. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Resistance to Southern Corn Rust and Detection of Resistance Genes in New Summer Corn Varieties in Henan Province WANG Ziming, ZHANG Yuyang, WANG Ziqi, FAN Zhuo, YUAN Hongxia, YANG Xue, LI Honglian, SHI Yan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 107-115.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.011 Abstract （486）      PDF （631KB）（1130）       Knowledge map    Save Southern corn rust resistance of corn varieties participating in regional trials and introduced variety registration trials in Henan Province from 2021 to 2024 was evaluated using a combination of field nurseries and artificial inoculation. Additionally，resistance gene detection was conducted on varieties exhibiting moderate resistance or higher levels in 2023 and 2024，to determine the resistance status of newly bred corn varieties to southern corn rust，and provide a  theoretical basis for breeding and promoting resistant corn cultivars.The results showed that 134，121，87，and 119 corn varieties were tested in the Henan regional trials from 2021 to 2024，respectively.Among them，the proportions of varieties showing moderate or higher resistance to southern corn rust were 36.57%，92.57%，57.47%，and 86.55%，respectively.For the introduced variety registration trials，68，82，43，and 14 corn varieties were tested，and the proportions of varieties showing moderate or higher resistance to southern corn rust were 32.35%，95.12%，51.16%，and 71.43%，respectively，demonstrating a generally consistent trend.However，there were notable year‑to‑year variations in the proportion of resistant and susceptible varieties.In years with southern corn rust epidemics，such as 2021 and 2023，the proportion of resistant varieties was relatively lower.In 2023，resistance genes were detected in varieties showing moderate resistance or higher levels.The results showed that 48.61% of these varieties carried the resistance gene RppC，while RppM was not detected in any of the tested varieties.Furthermore，51.39% of the varieties lacked both RppC and RppM.In 2024，detection of RppC，RppM，and RppK genes in varieties showing moderate resistance or higher levels was conducted.The results showed that RppC had the highest detection ratio of 92.92%，followed by RppK and RppM with the detection ratio of 21.24% and 20.35%，respectively.However，three varieties tested were negative for all three resistance genes.In conclusion，a relatively high proportion of corn varieties evaluated in recent years in Henan Province exhibited resistance to southern corn rust，with an overall increasing trend.The resistance gene RppC continues to play a key role in corn production，while RppK and RppM are beginning to be applied in southern corn rust‑resistant breeding.Further exploration and utilization of additional resistance genes are still needed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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New Research Progress of bZIP Transcription Factors in Improving Plant Stress Resistance HAO Hongyan, SANG Huitong, LÜ Shanhua, FAN Yinglun, LI Haiyun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 1-8.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.001 Abstract （803）      PDF （1297KB）（960）       Knowledge map    Save Plants will be hurt when encountering adversity，and genetic engineering technology is a quick and effective way to improve plant stress resistance. As one of the most diverse and relatively conserved gene families in higher plants，basic leucine zipper（bZIP） transcription factors play an important regulatory role in plant resistance to low temperature，drought，salinity，pests and other biotic and abiotic stresses.In this paper，the structure，classification of bZIP transcription factors in plants and the new research progress in improving plant resistance to abiotic（drought，high temperature，low temperature，high salinity，nutrient deficiency，etc.）and biotic stresses were reviewed，so as to provide references for the utilization of bZIP transcription factors and the genetic improvement of plant stress resistance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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mRNA Vaccines：Research Progress and Applications in Animal Infectious Diseases ZHAI Chongkai, MAO Fuchao, TIAN Wenjing, WANG Conghui, WANG Yingxian, ZHANG Hewei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (5): 10-21.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.05.002 Abstract （746）      PDF （3322KB）（941）       Knowledge map    Save Compared to traditional approaches，RNA vaccines offer advantages such as high safety，good efficacy，and short development cycle，which makes them have unique advantages in the prevention and control of infectious diseases.Currently，mRNA vaccines have made great progress in the prevention and control of COVID‑19，influenza，Ebola，Zika and other human diseases，but the research on mRNA vaccines for animals is still not in‑depth.Therefore，the development of mRNA vaccines for animals to prevent and control infectious diseases in livestock，poultry，and wild animals has become one of the important research directions in the field of animal diseases and public health.This review comprehensively discusses the design，preparation，delivery system，application，advantages，challenges and prospects of mRNA vaccines against animal infectious diseases，to provide valuable insights for the development and research of future animal mRNA vaccines. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Cecal Microbiota Diversity of High‑quality Xinghua Chicken and Gudian Chicken LIANG Shuqi, JIA Shaoyan, LI Ying, XU Wenjie, WU Baozhou, JIA Xinzheng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (7): 145-152.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.015 Abstract （211）      PDF （3954KB）（902）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the characteristics of cecal flora in low‑fat（Xinghua chicken）and high‑fat（Gudian chicken）breeds during the fattening and slaughtering stage，10 healthy Xinghua chickens and 10 Gudian chickens at 126 days of age under the same feeding conditions were selected for slaughter determination and comparative analysis.At the same time，five chickens were randomly selected from them for testing，and their cecal contents were collected for analysis of the microbial community structure through 16S rRNA V3—V4 region sequencing.The results showed that both live weight and slaughter weight of Xinghua chickens were significantly lower than those of Gudian chickens，while abdominal fat weight，slaughtering rate，and abdominal fat rate were extremely significantly lower than those of Gudian chickens.α diversity analysis revealed that the richness of gut microbiota in Gudian chickens was higher than in Xinghua chickens，but the difference was not significant，and the diversity of intestinal flora in Gudian chicken was significantly higher than that in Xinghua chicken at the family level.β diversity analysis showed that there were extremely significant differences in the diversity of microbial communities between the two varieties at the genus and family levels. In the analysis of microbial community structure and differences at the phylum level，the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was extemely significantly higher in Gudian chickens than in Xinghua chickens，the relative abundance of Deferribacterota was significantly higher than in Xinghua chickens，and the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobiota was extremely significantly lower than in Xinghua chickens.In the analysis of microbial community structure and differences at the family level，the abundance of Acidaminococcaceae and Succinivibrionaceae in Gudian chickens was significantly higher than that in Xinghua chickens，while the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae was significantly lower than that in Xinghua chickens.In the analysis of microbial community structure and differences at the genus level，the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and Anaerobiospirillum in Gudian chickens was significantly higher than that in Xinghua chickens，while the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium was significantly lower than that in Xinghua chickens.Through LEfSe differential analysis（LDA>3，P<0.05），8 specific marker bacteria of high‑fat Gudian chicken and 5 specific marker bacteria of low‑fat Xinghua chicken were identified respectively. Among them，the LDA scores of Phascolarctobacterium and Faecalibacterium with high abundance were higher，which may be significantly related to the phenotype of more abdominal fat deposition in high‑fat Gudian chickens and less abdominal fat deposition in low‑fat Xinghua chickens.In summary，microbiome analysis revealed significant differences in the cecal microbiota structure between Xinghua chickens and Gudian chickens，confirming the potential association between characteristic microbiota such as Proteobacteria，Succinivibrionaceae，and Phascolarctobacterium and fat deposition in broiler chickens.This provides a theoretical basis for microbiota improving broiler chicken production performance microbial. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Metabolites Mining and Path Enrichment Analysis of Tigernut Tuber Formation GUO Xiaoyang, LA Guixiao, XU Xinran, YU Yange, DAI Dandan, LI Yanpeng, WANG Yanhong, GUO Hongxia, YANG Tiegang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (8): 30-43.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.08.004 Abstract （1134）      PDF （4749KB）（889）       Knowledge map    Save In order to dig out the key metabolites in the process of forming tubers by the stolons of tigernut and regulate the stolons to form more tubers，the stolons and new tubers were taken as the research objects，and untargeted metabolomics analysis was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography Abstract：In order to dig out the key metabolites in the process of forming tubers by the stolons of tigernut and regulate the stolons to form more tubers，the stolons and new tubers were taken as the research objects，and untargeted metabolomics analysis was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography combined with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.And then，the differential metabolites related to the formation of tubers were screened by multivariate statistical method，and KEGG metabolic pathways associated with differential metabolites were enriched.The results showed that a total of 1 217 metabolites were detected in unexpanded stolons（PFJ1），expanded stolons（PFJ2）and new tubers（JD1）.According to the conditions of VIP（Variable importance in the projection）>1，P<0.05 and FC（Fold change）>2 or FC<0.5，35 differential metabolites were screened for JD1 vs PFJ1，of which 26 were up‑regulated and nine were down‑regulated；JD1 vs PFJ2 identified 57 differential metabolites，of which 50 were up‑regulated and seven were down‑regulated；PFJ2 vs PFJ1 identified 39 differential metabolites，of which three were up‑regulated and 36 down‑regulated. The metabolites were identified as amino acids and their derivatives，nucleotides and their derivatives，organic oxygen compounds，flavonoids，phenylpropanes，phenols and so on. The relative content analysis of differential metabolites showed that the content of glutathione in JD1 was 14.021 times that in PFJ1 and 29.195 times that in PFJ2.The content of 3‑methy‑L‑histidine in JD1 was 10.463 times that in PFJ1 and 129.931 times that in PFJ2.The content of kaempferol in JD1 was 0.421 times that in PFJ1 and 0.358 times that in PFJ2.KEGG pathway analysis of differentially expressed metabolites was further conducted，and they were mainly concentrated into KEGG pathways such as aminoacyl‑tRNA biosynthesis，arginine and proline metabolism，alanine，aspartic acid and glutamate metabolism，phenylalanine metabolism，flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis.In summary，amino acids and flavonoids were the main metabolites related to the formation of tubers，and the metabolic pathways were mainly concentrated in aminoacyl‑tRNA biosynthesis and flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis.   Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Quality Traits of Foxtail Millet LI Junxia, MA Xiaoqian, DAI Shutao, QIN Na, SONG Yinghui, ZHU Cancan, LIU Haixia, JIN Songcan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 14-23.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.002 Abstract （473）      PDF （1347KB）（836）       Knowledge map    Save Foxtail millet is an important multigrain crop in China，which is rich in protein，fatty acid，saccharides，dietary fiber and abundant essential trace elements for human body，and has high nutritional value. In this paper，the research progress of foxtail millet quality traits was reviewed from the aspects of appearance quality，eating and cooking quality，nutrient quality and processing quality，the existing problems in the research of foxtail millet quality were analyzed，and the prospect of further research was prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Succulent Plant Classification and Recognition Method Based on Contrastive Learning FENG Yuxin, LIANG Shaohua, TONG Hao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (7): 154-162.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.07.016 Abstract （451）      PDF （3327KB）（828）       Knowledge map    Save In view of the large variety of succulents，the large intra⁃class differences and the small inter⁃class differences，as well as the difficulty of data collection，traditional classification algorithms cannot effectively solve the problem of succulent plant image classification.This paper proposed a contrastive learning based succulent plant image classification network CL_ConvNeXt.The network was based on ConvNeXt structure and introduced the idea of contrastive learning.A non⁃linear projection layer（Projection head）was added in the middle layer of the network as an auxiliary classifier to help the model extract features from the shallow network.In a batch，positive samples were constructed through data augmentation，and the remaining samples were considered as negative samples.The cross entropy loss function and the contrastive loss function were weighted to newly design loss function calculation method，which could achieve one⁃stage model training.Transfer learning was used during training to transfer the pre⁃trained weights to the model to improve the convergence speed of the model，and various strategies and parameters were optimized to further improve the recognition accuracy of the model.The experimental results showed that on the self⁃made 190⁃class succulent plant dataset，under the same training strategy and environment configuration，the recognition accuracy of the final model CL_ConvNeXt for succulent plant image classification reached 91.79%，which was 12.24 percentage points higher than that of the original ConvNeXt model structure，showing good effect on solving the problem of succulent plant image classification and recognition. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Mepenzolate Compounding with Plant Growth Regulator on Spatiotemporal Distribution of Boll Formation and Endogenous Hormones in Cotton ZHANG Ning, ZHANG Yongli, LIU Yujie, TU Xiaoju, ZHOU Zhonghua, LIU Aiyu Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (2): 48-57.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.02.006 Abstract （435）      PDF （2550KB）（789）       Knowledge map    Save Mepenzolate（DPC）compounding with plant growth regulator can effectively increase cotton yield. To clarify its effect on the law of boll formation in cotton，DPC was selected to be compounded with sodium nitroprusside（CSN），brassinolide（BR），sodium naphthylacetate（SNA），and phthalanilic acid（PHA），and a single application of DPC was used as the control. Three sprays were carried out at the budding stage，the pre⁃boll stage and the peak boll stage，and the effects of different compound combinations on the canopy structure，spatiotemporal distribution of boll formation，endogenous hormones，and yield were analyzed.The results showed that compared with the control，the compound treatment increased the leaf area index of cotton at the flowering boll stage，resulting in a significant decrease in the light transmittance of the lower canopy. The compound treatment increased the average growth rate of each reproductive organ and increased the number of flocculent bolls，and the number of cotton bolls increased by 35. 88%—46. 76% compared with the control. The compound treatment had a great effect on the vertical distribution of cotton bolls，the boll proportion in the lower part decreased compared with the control，but it increased the proportion of bolls in the middle and upper parts.The contents of indole acetic acid（IAA）and abscisic acid（ABA）in leaves could be reduced by compound treatment 10 days after the first application，and the gibberellins（GA3）content of DPC compounding with BR was significantly higher than that of the control at 30 days after application，and the compound treatment could significantly regulate the increase of zeatin riboside（ZR）content. Compared with the control，the boll formation rate of the compound treatment was significantly increased by 9.97%—16.85%，the number of bolls per hectare was significantly increased by 9.20%—17.22%，and the lint yield was significantly increased by 10.33%—22.30%. In conclusion，DPC compound treatment optimizes the spatiotemporal distribution of boll formation by regulating cotton endogenous hormones，which significantly increases the boll rate and thus increases cotton yield. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and Application of Lightweight Yolov7‐TSA Network in Tea Disease Detection and Identification LI Weihao, ZHAN Wei, ZHOU Wan, HAN Tao, WANG Peiwen, LIU Hu, XIONG Mengyuan, SUN Yong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 162-169.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.019 Abstract （519）      PDF （3989KB）（738）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the problems of low accuracy，slow model running speed and no detection function of the existing tea disease identification methods，a novel Yolov7‐TSA（Yolov7‐Tiny‐SiLU‐Attention）lightweight network architecture was proposed to detect and classify tea diseases.Specifically，the LeakReLU activation function in the Yolov7‐T network was replaced with the SiLU activation function to improve detection accuracy and prevent overfitting.Meanwhile，the feature perception of target contour and spatial location was further improved by fusing the coordinate attention mechanism. Experiments on the dataset containing eight tea diseases（including healthy tea leaves） showed that the recognition accuracy of Yolov7‐TSA network reached 94.2%，which was 3.2 and 1.2 percentage points higher compared to Yolov7‐T and Yolov7 networks，respectively.Furthermore，it showed significant results in terms of parameters，floating point operations，model size and inference time per image，which were reduced by 83%，87%，83% and 34%，respectively，compared to the Yolov7 network. The network model achieves the detection and classification of tea diseases when balancing recognition accuracy and real‐time performance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and Indoor Fungicide Screening of Pathogen Causing Leaf Spot on Rehmannia glutinosa LI Haicheng, WANG Fanzhen, JIANG Yongcheng, SONG Xin, CHEN Zhaorong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (4): 92-101.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.010 Abstract （432）      PDF （3777KB）（737）       Knowledge map    Save In order to identify the pathogen species and its biological characteristics of Rehmannia glutinosa leaf spot in Jizhou area of Tianjin City,and to screen effective pesticides for controlling the pathogen of R.glutinosa leaf spot，the methods of diseased leaves collection,strain isolation，microscopic observation,in vitro inoculation,ITS,EF1‑α,Tub multiple genes sequence alignment and evolutionary tree analysis were used to islolate,purify and identify the pathogen of R.glutinosa leaf spot by morphology,pathogenicity and molecular biology.The biological characteristics of the pathogen in three media and four carbon and nitrogen sources were studied.At the same time,the virulence of four fungicides was determined.The results showed that the pathogen A1 isolated from the leaf spot of R.glutinosa was Fusarium equiseti.The optimum medium,nitrogen source and carbon source were Czapek medium,glycine and sucrose,respectively.The results of laboratory efficacy test showed that 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion had the best inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of pathogen,the concentration for 50% of maximal effect(EC50)was 63.69 mg/L,and the inhibition rate of mycelial growth was up to 83.64%.75% chlorothalonil wettable powder had the worst inhibitory effect,with EC50 of 355.06 mg/L,and the maximum inhibitory rate of mycelial growth was 64.63%.In conclusion,F.equiseti was the pathogen of R.glutinosa leaf spot in Jizhou district of Tianjin,and 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion has the best controlling effect on the pathogen of R.glutinosa leaf spot. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Vaccine for Piglets LÜ Linfen, PANG Shengmei, LI Baoliang, LIANG Yuxuan, DUAN Qiangde Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 1-8.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.001 Abstract （434）      PDF （1262KB）（725）       Knowledge map    Save Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli（ETEC）is an important pathogen causing diarrhea of piglets in the world. Various strategies such as giving antibiotics in the feed，oral administration of specific antibodies，dietary and diet supplementary treatment，and genetic breeding have been used to prevent and treat ETEC infection.Compared with other preventive measures，vaccination is the most economical and effective mean to prevent diarrhea of piglets caused by ETEC.In this paper，the latest research progress of ETEC vaccine for porcine was reviewed，the challenges in ETEC vaccine research were analyzed，and the research strategies for effective vaccines were proposed，in order to provide the basis for the development of novel，safe，efficient and broad‐spectrum ETEC vaccines. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Conservation Tillage in China QIN Meng, DONG Quanzhong, XUE Hong, ZHANG Mingming, LI Weiwei, SONG Huan, ZHAI Lingxia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (7): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.07.001 Abstract （1000）      PDF （1252KB）（698）       Knowledge map    Save Conservation tillage is an environmentally friendly farming model that reduces soil erosion，protects the ecological environment of farmland，and achieves coordinated development of ecological，economic and social benefits by means of less tillage，no⁃tillage and surface mulching of straw.In order to reduce soil erosion，desertification and salinization，soil management methods need to be changed from traditional tillage to protect the soil environment，stabilize food and increase income.This paper introduces the importance of conservation tillage for the sustainable development of agriculture，systematically describes the current development status of conservation tillage，analyzes the key points and difficulties of future development of conservation tillage，and provides an outlook on the future development direction of conservation tillage to provide reference for improving the development system of conservation tillage. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Status and Progress of Research on Soil Water Movement and Distribution in Subsurface Drip Irrigation WANG Dongbo, QIAN Zhiyong, WANG Dong, HUANG Guoliang, YANG Zhenjie, ZHANG Yijie Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (12): 1-13.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.12.001 Abstract （572）      PDF （1989KB）（685）       Knowledge map    Save The movement and distribution of soil water under subsurface drip irrigation has always been a hot topic in academic circles. In order to clarify the research progress of influencing factors of soil water migration and distribution under subsurface drip irrigation，the basic principles，main characteristics and development history of subsurface drip irrigation technology were summarized.The research methods and conclusions of soil water migration and distribution under different subsurface drip irrigation methods were systematically expounded，and the application status of numerical simulation technology in soil water distribution law research was introduced.The key factors affecting soil water migration and distribution under subsurface drip irrigation conditions were comprehensively analyzed.The current research status and development bottlenecks were summarized，and the future research direction was prospected，in order to provide theoretical reference for further research and improvement of irrigation water use efficiency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification，Evolution and Expression Analysis of WOX Gene Family in Capsicum annuum ZHANG Yeda, WANG Xing, WANG Liping, TONG Jing, WU Zhanhui, GAO Yankui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 130-141.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.015 Abstract （512）      PDF （5175KB）（667）       Knowledge map    Save The WUSCHEL（WUS）‐related homeobox（WOX）transcription factor family is a kind of plant specific transcription factors，which maintain the dynamic balance of plant stem cells，shoot tip meristem formation，embryonic development and other important life activities.In this study，10 WOX genes were identified in pepper（Capsicum annuum）variety Zunla‐1 by using bioinformatics methods，named CaWUS to CaWOX13.CaWOXs were unevenly distributed on 5 chromosomes and are divided into 3 branches.All subcellular predictions showed being located in the nucleus.The number of genes varied greatly among different branches，and members of the same branch had similar gene structures and conserved motifs.CaWOX family promoters contained 14 kinds of action elements related to plant growth and development，hormone regulation and stress，and the most widely distributed was methyl jasmonate response element.No tandem duplication and large fragment duplication were found in CaWOX family，but there was a collinear relationship with Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum.As a key protein，CaWUS played a pivotal role in the protein interaction network.The gene expression of CaWOXs was significantly different，and some genes played an important role in the regulation of root，stem and fruit development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Effects of Abiotic Stress Factors on Wheat Photosynthesis FANG Yuhui, HUA Xia, HAN Liupeng, ZHAO Mingzhong, QI Xueli, DONG Haibin, HU Lin, Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (10): 1-13.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.10.001 Abstract （695）      PDF （1331KB）（659）       Knowledge map    Save Photosynthesis is the energy source and material basis of wheat growth and development，and plays an important role in the formation of wheat yield.In recent years，climate anomalies have occurred frequently.High temperature，low temperature，drought，waterlogging，saline‑alkaline，high light and low light have become the main factors affecting wheat photosynthesis.This paper reviewed the research progress of the effects of abiotic stresses such as temperature，water，saline‑alkaline and light intensity on wheat photosynthesis，pointed out the problems existing in this research field，and prospected the future research direction，so as to provide theoretical reference for wheat high photosynthetic efficiency breeding and cultivation management. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on Application of Rational Design of Enzyme in Crop Breeding and Prospect WANG Donghui, WANG Aoxuan, HE Changhai, LIU Zhihao, SHI Yongchun, WANG Ran, WANG Xiaoran Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.05.001 Abstract （561）      PDF （1812KB）（658）       Knowledge map    Save Excellent germplasm resources are important guarantee for food security，and traditional breeding techniques have problems such as long breeding cycles and intensive workloads. With the deep integration of biology and computer technology，the rational design of enzyme used for directional optimization of key crop genes has laid the foundation for greater exploitation of high‑quality genetic resources.It further integrates with gene editing and transgenic technologies，and becomes one of the important directions in the exploration of molecular breeding technology.This article elaborated the common methods of rational design of enzyme，such as molecular docking，molecular dynamic simulations，binding free energy evaluation and so on，reviewed the progress on application of rational design of enzyme in improvement of crop quality，stress resistance and biomass，and the future was prospected，to provide reference for the development and utilization of new technologies in crop breeding. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Intelligent Identification Technology of Cucumber Diseases YANG Zhendong, LUO Wei, LUO Chen, JIANG Hongxun, ZHANG Ying, SONG Shumin, SHI Yiming, YU Yanling, YANG Tianliang, MA Zhongjie, FENG Xiao, YANG Fan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (4): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.04.001 Abstract （370）      PDF （1321KB）（643）       Knowledge map    Save The timely and accurate identification of cucumber diseases using intelligent identification technology is crucial for the proactive control and rational application of pesticides，which is of great significance for ensuring high‐quality cucumber production and ecological environmental safety.The intelligent identification of cucumber diseases is mainly realized by expert knowledge based on traditional expert systems and knowledge graphs，visible light image processing based on traditional machine learning and deep learning，spectral analysis such as chlorophyll fluorescence and hyperspectrum，and multi‐modal data fusion.The research progress of intelligent identification of cucumber diseases based on the above technologies was reviewed，the existing problems and deficiencies in current research were also summarized，and the development trends of cucumber diseases intelligent identification technology in the future was prospected，in order to provide reference for the application research of cucumber diseases intelligent identification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Vaccine for Pigs LIANG Yuxuan, PANG Shengmei, LIU Mei, WANG Longlong, DUAN Qiangde Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.001 Abstract （574）      PDF （1511KB）（639）       Knowledge map    Save Porcine epidemic diarrhea（PED）caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus（PEDV）is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease of pigs，which leads to high morbidity and mortality in the suckling piglets，thereby bringing huge economic losses to the global pig industry.Vaccination is currently the most economical and effective measure for the prevention of PED，but due to the continuous emergence of PEDV variants，the immune protection of the vaccine is not effective.Therefore，the development of safer and more effective vaccines for preventing PED is urgently needed. Here we mainly reviewed the pathogenic characteristics，the pathogenic mechanism of PEDV，and the latest progress in PEDV vaccine research. Futhermore，the research strategy of a novel and effective PEDV vaccine was also prospected，to provide a reference for effective prevention and control of PED in clinical settings. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Generation，Migration and Release of Moisture in Heated Tobacco Product WU Jinlu, HU Anfu, JIANG Jian, XIA Qian, WANG Jun, XIAO Weiqiang, ZHOU Guojun, WU Jian, XU Jian, FANG Mengxiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (8): 15-25.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.002 Abstract （278）      PDF （1284KB）（635）       Knowledge map    Save As a new type of tobacco product，heated tobacco product has gradually become popular in the world in recent years，and its fundamental research has become the focus of the tobacco industry both domestically and internationally.Among them，the generation，migration and release characteristics of moisture in heated tobacco products are the key factors to regulate the moisture content and temperature of smoke.The generation，migration and release characteristics of moisture in heated tobacco products are affected by many factors，such as sample characteristics（moisture content，type and content of atomizing agent，preparation process，tobacco raw materials），cigarette structure（length of tobacco section，ventilation rate of filter，punching position），heating instrument parameters（heating temperature，heating mode），puffing regimes and so on.To deepen the basic research of heated tobacco products and improve the quality of products，the influencing factors and mechanism of moisture content in the tobacco section，the law of moisture generation and the law of moisture migration and release were summarized and analyzed.On this basis，the shortcomings of current research were pointed out and the future research focus was put forward，to provide technical references for the research and development of heated tobacco products. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of Dumas Combustion Method and Kjeldahl Nitrogen Determination Method in Determination of Total Nitrogen in Fertilizer JIA Bin, SHANG Lijun, PAN Jie, SUN Hongmei, WANG Ying, YUAN Erding Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (2): 85-91.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.009 Abstract （748）      PDF （1394KB）（634）       Knowledge map    Save To evaluate the applicability of Dumas combustion method and Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method in determining the total nitrogen content of different types of fertilizers,20 different types of nitrogen⁃containing fertilizers and 4 standard samples were selected as experimental objects.Dumas combustion method and Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method were used to determine the total nitrogen content,and the precision,accuracy,correlation of the results,and advantages and disadvantages of the two methods were compared.The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two methods in determining fertilizers without nitrate nitrogen,but the precision of Dumas combustion method was higher.When measuring nitrate nitrogen⁃containing fertilizers,there was a significant difference in the results of the two methods.The results of Dumas combustion method were closer to the true content and had good repeatability,while Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method had a lower value and poor repeatability.For urea nitrogen fertilizers with high nitrogen content,the precision of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method was slightly higher than that of Dumas combustion method.Taking into account factors such as environmental friendliness,work efficiency,experimental costs,precision and accuracy of the measurement results,Dumas combustion method is more suitable for determining the total nitrogen content of fertilizers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Analysis of Flower Size and Related Characters in Petunia ZHANG Linxia, ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Shuting, SUN Miaomiao, ZHANG Xiaomin, LI Zhineng, LIU Guofeng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (2): 118-127.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.013 Abstract （517）      PDF （3922KB）（622）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the inheritance law of petunia flower size,four generations of genetic populations(P1,P2,F1,F2）were constructed using the large⁃flowered and small⁃flowered inbred lines of petunia as parents.The main gene+polygene mixed genetic model analysis was carried out,and the genetic law was verified by crossing the F1 plant with the medium⁃flowered petunia line W115.Moreover,the F2 population was used to investigate 23 phenotypic traits including flower diameter，sepal length,leaf length etc.,and the correlation analysis of these traits was carried out.The results showed that the flower diameter of petunia(large flower vs. small flower)was controlled by two pairs of additive major genes(2MG⁃A),and the heritability of major genes was 95.38%;the offspring of the F1 crossing W115 showed a separation ratio of 1∶1 between the large⁃flowered individuals and medium⁃flowered individuals，and the chlorophyll content of leaves and bracts in medium⁃flowered plants was significantly higher than that in large⁃flowered plants(P<0.01).The phenotypic traits of F2 population derived from hybridization between large⁃flower and small⁃flower parents had abundant variation,and the coefficient of variation varied from 7.67% to 59.93%,with an average of 22.38%.Correlation analysis showed that there were certain correlations among the floral traits,leaf traits and between them,and the flower diameter was significantly positively correlated with the size of other organs,but significantly negatively correlated tosome plant traits. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rhizome Quality Characteristics of Polygonatum rhizoma in Different Habitats and Driving Factors in Rhizosphere Soil Environment YU Gao, WANG Hai, MO Zhongmei, CHEN Fen Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (12): 57-68.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.12.007 Abstract （600）      PDF （1358KB）（622）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen the dominant environmental factors affecting the quality of Polygonatum rhizoma，the rhizomes and rhizosphere soils of Polygonatum rhizoma from different sources in 15 plots（S1—S15）around Fanjing Mountain，Tongren City，Guizhou Province，were used as materials，rhizome quality indexes of Polygonatum rhizoma and rhizosphere soil pH value，nutrient content and soil enzyme activity were determined，the correlation between rhizome quality indexes and soil environmental factors was analyzed，and principal component analysis（PCA）was used to screen out the driving factors in soil environment affecting rhizome quality of Polygonatum rhizoma.The results showed that there were certain differences in the rhizome drying rate，extract content，polysaccharides content，and total ash content of Polygonatum rhizoma under different habitat conditions and basal sources.Among them，Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua had the highest drying rate，Polygonatum sibircum Red.had the highest content of extract，and Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.had the highest polysaccharide content and the lowest total ash content.The average drying rate and polysaccharide content of 4‐year‐old Polygonatum rhizoma were higher than those of 5‐year‐old Polygonatum rhizoma，while the extract content was lower than that of 5‐year‐old Polygonatum rhizoma.The pH value of rhizosphere soil was moderate，except that the contents of organic matter，available nitrogen in S6，S12 and S15 and available potassium in S3 and S9 were deficient（level four），the rhizosphere soils of other plots were rich in nutrients and enzymes，which was suitable for the growth and development of Polygonatum rhizoma.Correlation analysis showed that soil enzyme activity was closely related to nutrient content in rhizosphere，and the quality of Polygonatum rhizoma was directly or indirectly affected by soil environmental factors such as soil pH value，nutrient content and enzyme activity.Principal component analysis indicated that the main soil environmental factors affecting rhizome quality of Polygonatum rhizoma were sucrase，catalase，pH value，organic matter，total nitrogen，alkali‐hydrolyzed nitrogen，acid phosphatase，available potassium，and the comprehensive scores of S1，S4，S7 and S14 were higher in different plots. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular Identification and Biological Characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum Infecting Peanuts in Henan Province SANG Suling, WANG Zhenyu, LI Shaojian, FAN Wanwan, GAO Meng, CUI Xiaowei, ZHANG Haiyan, FENG Lanlan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (4): 102-110.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.011 Abstract （481）      PDF （1610KB）（620）       Knowledge map    Save To identify the taxonomic properties of the pathogen of peanut bacterial wilt disease in Henan Province,30 strains collected from different regions in Henan Province were comparatively characterized in terms of 16S rDNA sequences,carbohydrate utilization,pathogenicity,evolutionary type,and sequence variation.The results showed that,based on the 16S rDNA sequencing results of these 30 strains,the pathogen causing peanut wilt disease was R.solanacearum;all the strains could infect eggplant，chili pepper,potato,tobacco,and tomato,but did not infect ginger and belonged to physiological race 1;based on the analysis of the ability to utilize three disaccharides and three hexanols，four strains were classified as biovar Ⅱ,10 strains as biovar Ⅲ,and 16 strains as biovar V;all the strains were able to produce 144 bp specific band for evolutionary type Ⅰ and 280 bp specific band for R.solanacearum through multiplex PCR amplification,which indicated that all of the strains belonged to the evolutionary type Ⅰ,i.e.,the Asian group 13 of R.solanacearum;based on the phylogenetic analysis of the egl gene,all the strains from Henan were clustered together with Gx525,Ah⁃XnJn⁃12⁃6,and HA2⁃1,belonging to sequence variant 14. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Current Status and Research Progress on the Resource Utilization of Spent Mushroom Substrate in Edible Fungi Cultivation ZHANG Chaohui, LIU Yang, ZHANG Guang, WANG Zhenhe, QIU Liyou Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2025, 54 (9): 1-14.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.001 Abstract （452）      PDF （5411KB）（616）       Knowledge map    Save Edible fungi cultivation is the fifth‑largest planting industry in China and an important pillar for rural revitalization.When the edible fungi industry is developing rapidly，a large amount of spent mushroom substrate（SMS）is generated.A lot of SMS is casually discarded or incinerated，resulting in serious environmental pollution and resource waste.Therefore，the issue of the resource‑based utilization of SMS has received widespread attention.Based on the analysis of the source，physical and chemical properties，and nutritional components of SMS，this paper comprehensively reviews the current situation and research progress of the resource‑based utilization of SMS.This includes SMS being used as energy materials，for the production of bio‑fertilizers，for improving the soil environment，for the extraction of bioactive substances，and for the manufacture of composite materials，etc.It also points out the existing problems in the utilization of SMS.Combining with the development status of the edible fungi industry，this paper looks ahead to the comprehensive utilization of SMS，aiming to increase the utilization rate of SMS and promote the sustainable development of the edible fungi industry. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Apple Leaf Diseases Identification Based on Improved Residual Network CHEN Cong, YU Xiao, GONG Qi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 152-161.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.018 Abstract （1374）      PDF （5367KB）（593）       Knowledge map    Save Apple leaf diseases are similar in morphology and different in spot size，and traditional methods relying on labor and agricultural experts to identify them are inefficient. In view of this，this study proposed an apple disease identification model REP⁃ResNet based on improved residual network.This model was improved by adopting the order adjustment of residual structure（that was bath normalization，activation function，convolutional layer），and adding the efficient channel attention and parallel convolution based on the baseline model ResNet⁃50.During the training process，the model weight parameters pretrained in the public dataset PlantVillage were transferred to the above network model for retraining，which aimed to accelerate the convergence speed of the network and improve the recognition ability of the model.Data expansion was used to solve the problem of uneven samples during training.The results showed that the recognition accuracy of the REP⁃ResNet model was 2.41 percentage points higher than that of the benchmark network model.The model was trained by transfer learning，and the accuracy rate of apple leaf disease recognition in complex backgrounds reached 97. 69%. Compared with traditional convolutional neural networks，the recognition effect was greatly improved. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression Patterns of Genes of Four Transcription Factor Families in Different Ploidy Rice under Salt⁃Alkali Stress HUANG Hai, QU Xiaojie, LIU Jinhai, PENG Zanwen Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (6): 22-33.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.06.003 Abstract （1248）      PDF （1817KB）（572）       Knowledge map    Save With diploid rice（Oryza sativa L.） Guiyu 12 and its autotetraploid rice as experimental materials，the changes of expression patterns of bZIP（basic leucine zippers），MYB（V⁃myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog），AP2/ERF（APETALA2/ethylene response factor）and WRKY transcription factor family genes in diploid and tetraploid rice under saline⁃alkaline stress were studied，so as to lay the foundation for analyzing the saline⁃alkaline tolerance mechanism of different ploidy rice.The results showed that the same transcription factor gene in different ploidy rice had different responses to saline⁃alkali stress. Under salt stress，the induction（inhibition） degree of OsbZIP05，OsbZIP45，OsJAMYB and OsDREB1A（dehydration responsive element binding protein 1A）genes in tetraploid rice was higher than that in diploid rice.The expression trends of OsbZIP49，OsbZIP61，CSA（carbon starved anther），OsWRKY5，OsDREB41 and OsAP211 genes in tetraploid rice were completely opposite to that in diploid rice. Under alkaline stress，the induction（inhibition）degree of OsbZIP61，CSA，OsJAMYB and OsWRKY70 genes in tetraploid rice was higher than that in diploid rice.The expression trends of OsbZIP49，OsWRKY1，OsWRKY8，OsWRKY24，OsWRKY45，OsWRKY72，OsWRKY76，OsDREB1A and OsEREBP2（ethylene⁃responsive element binding protein 2） genes in tetraploid rice were completely opposite to that in diploid rice.In summary，the expression patterns of the same transcription factor gene in different ploidy rice under saline⁃alkali stress were significantly different，and the expression patterns of transcription factor gene in tetraploid rice induced by alkali stress were more complex. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Light Renewable Substrates on the Growth of Potted Chrysanthemum YUE Liran, LIU Mingyu, CHEN Shengyan, LIU Shuguang, CHEN Bin, BO Shan, XU Shoubin, ZHOU Yunwei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 116-126.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.014 Abstract （424）      PDF （2099KB）（570）       Knowledge map    Save Potted chrysanthemum Tangguofen was used as the plant material，leaf mould and coconut bran were used as substrate materials，and peat was replaced by different volume ratios to prepare composite substrate.The experiment included seven treatments，T1［V（peat）∶V（perlite）∶V（leaf mould）∶V（coconut bran）=6∶2∶1∶1］，T2［V（peat）∶V（perlite）∶V（leaf mould）∶V（coconut bran）=2∶1∶1∶1］，T3［V（peat）∶V（perlite）∶V（leaf mould）∶V（coconut bran）=2∶2∶3∶3］，T4［V（perlite）∶V（leaf mould）∶V（coconut bran）=1∶2∶2］，T5［V（leaf mould）∶V（perlite）=4∶1］，T6［V（coconut bran）∶V（perlite）=4∶1］，and CK［V（peat）∶V（perlite）=4∶1］.By analyzing the physical and chemical properties of each substrate and the morphological and physiological indexes of chrysanthemum，the substrate formula suitable for the growth of chrysanthemum was selected.The results indicated that adding agricultural and forestry wastes could reduce the bulk density and available N content of substrate，and increase total porosity，pH，EC，available P and available K content.The survival rate of potted chrysanthemum was over 83.33% except for T6 treatment.Before planting for 120 d，the plant height and crown width of potted chrysanthemum in T5 treatment were higher than CK.But after 120 d of colonization，the plant height，stem diameter and crown width of potted chrysanthemum in T1—T6 treatment groups were lower than CK，the plant height of T5 treatment was the closest to CK，and the stem diameter and crown width of T1 treatment were the closest to CK. Potted chrysanthemum entered the full blooming duration 6.33，19.00，18.00 d earlier than CK in T1，T2 and T5 treatments，respectively，and the full blooming period was prolonged by 21.67，17.33，11.33 d，which improved the ornamental value，and in T1 and T5 treatments，the root⁃shoot ratio and healthy index were close to or higher than CK.The subordinate function method was used to comprehensively evaluate the growth effect of chrysanthemum under different substrates，T1 treatment had the highest comprehensive evaluation coefficient and was most suitable for potted chrysanthemum growth，T5 and T2 treatments were slightly lower than CK but close to CK，and could also be used as ideal cultivation substrates. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rice Phenotypic Parameters Extraction and Biomass Estimation Based on Three⁃Dimensional Model CHENG Zhiqiang, FANG Shenghui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (7): 144-153.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.07.015 Abstract （1382）      PDF （6848KB）（566）       Knowledge map    Save The phenotype detection methods based on two⁃dimensional images lack spatial dimension information and have difficulty in extracting comprehensive rice phenotype parameters.Therefore，it is of great significance to establish a three⁃dimensional model of rice to extract comprehensive rice phenotype parameters.The volume is an important parameter indicating the growth status of rice. How to obtain rice volume parameters without damaging the rice plant is still a problem to be solved in current research.Based on the above considerations，a method of rice phenotypic parameters extraction and biomass estimation based on three⁃dimensional model is proposed in this paper，which can extract rice volume parameters and estimate rice biomass without damaging the rice plant.This study focused on potted rice，first reconstructed its three⁃dimensional model using the Alpha⁃shape algorithm，and then extracted and evaluated rice height，stem thickness，vegetation coverage，volume parameters，and estimated rice biomass based on the volume parameter.The experimental results showed that space carving could reconstruct a high⁃precision three⁃dimensional model of rice and accurately measure rice phenotype parameters and biomass，the RMSE and MAPE of rice height，stem thickness，and single plant vegetation coverage were 63.27 mm，4.01 mm，5.04% and 7.15%，14.91%，12.59%，and the RMSE and MAPE of rice biomass were 62.44 g and 19.25%，which were better than the results obtained by existing three⁃dimensional reconstruction software. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Susceptibility to Tebuconazole and Suitability of Resistant Strains of Magnaporthe oryzae in Hainan Province WANG Yanxia, ZHAO Yuhan, GU Xinyi, FU Zhongju, SUN Yujia, WU Chenglong, WU Weihuai, ZHANG Yaling Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (9): 88-96.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.09.009 Abstract （409）      PDF （1869KB）（566）       Knowledge map    Save By detecting the susceptibility of Magnaporthe oryzae to tebuconazole in Hainan Province and studying the fitness of resistance strains,the resistance risk of M.oryzae to tebuconazole was understood,which would provide theoretical reference for the scientific use of fungicides and resistance management.The mycelial growth rate method was used to determine the susceptibility to tebuconazole of 144 strains of M.oryzae collected and isolated from Hainan Province in 2022,and the susceptibility baseline of M.oryzae in Hainan Province to tebuconazole was established based on the susceptibility frequency distribution of the strains.Fifteen susceptible strains with low effective inhibitory mid‑concentration(EC50)measured during the establishment of the susceptibility baseline were selected for resistance domestication under continuous selection pressure，and the domesticated strains were classified into resistance levels,and the genetic stability and suitability of the resistant strains as well as the cross‑resistance to the fungicides pyraclostrobin,flucycloxazole,imidacloprid,fenpyroximate，and aliconazole were determined.The EC50 values of the 144 strains tested ranged from 0.176 9 to 0.998 0 μg/mL.The EC50 value of the least sensitive strain was 5.64 times that of the most sensitive strain.The average EC50 value was(0.476 3±0.174 5)μg/mL.The susceptibility frequencies of the strains were distributed in a continuous single‑peak curve,and the susceptibility baseline to tebuconazole of M.oryzae in Hainan Province was 0.476 3 μg/mL.Through indoor domestication of 15 sensitive strains,a total of two resistant strains were obtained.EC50 values were 1.289 5 μg/mL and 1.868 4 μg/mL respectively,and resistance folds were 5.38 times and 6.65 times respectively,both of which were low resistance level.And after eight consecutive generations of transfer,the two resistant strains always maintained low‑level resistance.The EC50 values of pyraclostrobin,epoxiconazole,prochloraz,difenoconazole,and diniconazole were measured and compared between the strains resistant to tebuconazole and their parental strains.The results showed that there was no cross‑resistance in M.oryzae in Hainan Province between tebuconazole and the above chemicals.Through the in vitro fitness test of the tebuconazole‑resistant strains,it was found that compared with the parental strains,the mycelial growth rate of the two resistant strains was significantly reduced,and the conidia production was reduced to varying degrees.In addition,they were more sensitive to strong acid and alkali environment，and their pathogenicity was greatly reduced.Therefore,the frequency of resistance mutations to tebuconazole in rice blast strains in Hainan Province is low,and the environmental suitability of their resistant strains is significantly reduced,resulting in a low risk of resistance.In addition,there is no cross‑resistance between tebuconazole and commonly used fungicides in Hainan Province,and the development of resistance can be delayed by strategies such as cross‑rotation or mixing with multi‑site‑of‑action protectants in production. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Extraction and Quality Analysis of Coix Seed Oil CHEN Chao, LÜ Du, TANG Jianbo, HUANG Shan, LI Ying Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (4): 162-169.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.04.019 Abstract （541）      PDF （1413KB）（559）       Knowledge map    Save In order to obtain high⁃quality coix seed oil and improve the extraction rate of coix seed oil，different organic solvents were selected to extract coix seed oil by using the soxhlet reflux extraction method.The quality of coix seed oil was analyzed from its sensory characteristics，physical and chemical index，fatty acid type and content，and active material content.The results showed that the extraction capacity of the organic solvent was petroleum ether>cyclohexane>methanol>anhydrous ethanol.Coix seed oil extracted by petroleum ether and cyclohexane had good fluidity and was easier to collect.The acid value of cyclohexane extracted coix seed oil was 3.66 mg/g，peroxide value was 0.014 g/100g，iodine value was 72.30 g/100g，saponification value was 126 mg/g，refractive index was 1.449，which were lower than coix seed oil extracted by petroleum ether. Their fatty acid compositions were mainly oleic acid，linoleic acid，palmic acid and stearic acid.Based on the extraction rate and quality index of coix seed oil，the best extraction organic solvent of coix seed oil is cyclohexane，with high extraction rate，and good quality of coix seed oil . Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and Evaluation of Comprehensive Traits of Wheat Varieties in Henan Province Consortium Experiment ZHANG Huifang, YAN Zhaoling, LIU Haijiao, DUAN Junzhi, CHEN Haiyan, GUO Yan, WANG Nan, YANG Cuiping, QI Hongzhi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (7): 35-43.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.07.005 Abstract （490）      PDF （1254KB）（557）       Knowledge map    Save Consortium experiment is a new measure to broaden the channels of crop variety approval experiment under the current agricultural situation in China.In order to deeply understand the experiment capacity of wheat consortium experiment in Henan Province and master the agronomic traits and quality traits of its varieties，comparative analysis and evaluation were conducted between the consortium experiment varieties and the provincial unified experiment varieties，based on the wheat varieties approved by Henan Province in the past three years（2021—2023）.The results showed that Henan Province approved a total of 355 wheat varieties from 2021 to 2023，including 187 consortium experiment varieties.The consortium experiment capacity showed an upward trend，and the proportion of varieties increased from 48.3% in 2021 to 61.2% in 2023.The consortium experimental group was single，mainly including winter wheat‑irrigation group. In the winter wheat‑irrigation group，when applicants independently applied for varieties，the proportion of universities and research institutes through consortium experiment channel was higher than that through provincial unified experiment channel，and individual applicants were more inclined to provincial unified experiment channel.Compared with the provincial unified experiment，the difference of agronomic traits of the consortium experiment wheat was larger at the early stage and smaller at the later stage. Among the 7 agronomic traits，5 traits were significantly or extremely significantly different in 2021，and 2 traits were significantly different in 2023.The difference of quality traits was relatively smaller，but also showed the rule of large at the early stage and small at the late stage. Among the 7 quality traits，2 traits were significantly different in 2021，and there was no significant difference in 2023.The variation coefficient and diversity of agronomic and quality traits of the consortium experiment varieties were greater than those of provincial unified experiment varieties. Principal component analysis was used to transform 14 agronomic and quality traits into 7 principal components，which reflected 81.51% of the original information.The evaluation results based on principal component analysis showed that among the top 50 varieties with comprehensive scores，the varieties with higher comprehensive scores in the wheat consortium experiment accounted for a relatively smaller proportion of all varieties.In 2021 and 2023，there were 5 and 14 varieties respectively，accounting for 9.3% and 17.9% of all consortium experiment varieties.The varieties with higher comprehensive scores in the provincial unified experiment accounted for a relatively larger proportion of all varieties，with 4 and 5 in 2021 and 2023，respectively，accounting for 19.0% and 35.7% of all provincial unified experiment varieties.In summary，the capacity of Henan wheat consortium experiment is constantly increasing，and the dispersion of agronomic and quality traits is relatively larger；The gap of comprehensive scores of varieties between the consortium experiment and the provincial unified experiment is narrowing；Relevant departments can adjust and optimize the consortium experimental group according to the market in the future，focus on the issues of consortium experiment channel，and promote the high‑quality development of the consortium experiment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Yeast Fermentation of Tobacco Bud Extract on Fermentation of Cigar Leaves DING Jingyi, YU Jun, YANG Chunlei, CHEN Xiong, YAO Lan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2024, 53 (7): 168-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.07.019 Abstract （599）      PDF （3413KB）（555）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the effect of tobacco bud water extract fermentation by yeast on the aroma of cigar tobacco leaves，gas chromatography‑mass spectrometry（GC‑MS）technology was applied to analyze the aroma components of cigar tobacco leaves after solid‑state fermentation with flower bud water extract fermented by Pichia pastoris，Hanseniaspora uvarum，Cyberlindnera fabianii，Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces bailii.The results showed that a total of 58 volatile substances were detected after fermentation，and the total content of volatile substances after treatment by Torulaspora delbrueckii was the highest（1 470.48 μg/g）.The results of odor activity value（OAV）analysis showed flower aroma> tobacco aroma>fruit aroma>baking aroma. Principal component analysis（PCA）results indicated that the cumulative variance contribution rate was 71.1%.Cyberlindnera fabianii was closely related to β‑cyclocitral，geranylacetone，2‑methoxy‑4‑vinylphenol，phenylacetaldehyde，6‑methyl‑5‑hepten‑2‑one，styrene，benzaldehyde，4，7，9‑megastigmatrien‑3‑one a and（+）‑limonene.Zygosaccharomyces bailii was highly correlated with 4‑hydroxy‑β‑damascone，dihydroactinidiolide and phenylethyl alcohol.The results of cluster analysis showed that the aroma of cigar leaves fermented by the water extract of flower buds in the two groups of yeasts，Torulaspora delbrueckii and Pichia pastoris，Hanseniaspora uvarum and Zygosaccharomyces bailii，was similar. In summary，the cigar leaves fermented by the water extract of tobacco bud with the five yeasts have different flavor types，which is of great significance to the development of domestic cigars. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analyses of Maize Inbred Lines Based on DUS Test Traits in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Region DOU Dandan, SUN Jianjun, GUO Yuxi, WANG Dexin, GUO Xinhai, DING Chaoming Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 24-32.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.004 Abstract （352）      PDF （4553KB）（553）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the 39 basic characters in the DUS test guide of maize，the genetic diversity and population structure of 100 test inbred lines and 9 typical inbred lines were analyzed，so as to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of maize germplasm resources and the improvement of breeding efficiency in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai region. The results showed that the average allelic variation of all characters in 109 inbred lines was 5.026，with a range of 1—9；The mean effective allelic variation was 2.919，with a range of 1.000—6.053；The average Shannon index was 1.133，with a range of 0.000—1.928.The diversity of supporting root color intensity（Chr.22）was the highest，followed by filament color intensity（Chr.9），and the diversity of top traits of the first leaf（Chr.1）was the lowest.The effective allelic variation of 48.72% characters was greater than 2.919，and the Shannon index of 61.54% characters was greater than 1.133.The clustering analysis results indicated that the genetic background of maize germplasm in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai region was relatively rich.The 109 materials were clustered into 5 groups，except group D which contained 9 inbred lines with the smallest number，the other 4 groups had basically the same number of inbred lines，and group D had a relatively small proportion of genetic similarity coefficient in other groups.The genetic distance among the five groups varied from 0.200 to 0.665，the genetic distance between group D and group B was the greatest with 0.665，followed by the genetic distance between group D and group C（0.586）；The genetic distance between group C and group B was the smallest with 0.200，followed by the genetic distance between group E and group A（0.212）. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Three Antibiotics on the Gut Microbial Community of Plutella xylostella（Lepidoptera：Plutellidae） LI Wenhong, GUO Tao, XIANG Ligang, YU Zhihe, LI Tianqun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (7): 98-108.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.07.010 Abstract （349）      PDF （2886KB）（550）       Knowledge map    Save The gut of Plutella xylostella（Lepidoptera：Plutellidae）is abundant with microorganisms that are susceptible to the effects of food and feeding environment.To understand the effects of antibiotics on the gut flora of P.xylostella during feeding，the changes of the gut microbial community of P.xylostella after cabbage leaves were treated with ampicillin，streptomycin sulfate and rifampicin and used to feed P.xylostella larvae，were investigated using high⁃throughput sequencing technology in this paper.The results showed that the gut bacteria of P.xylostella were mainly Firmicutes，Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota，and the dominant genera were Enterococcus and Enterobacter.The gut fungi of P.xylostella were mainly Ascomycota，Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota，and the dominant genus was Penicillium.After treatment with each antibiotic，the relative abundance of Ascomycota all increased，and that of Firmicutes all decreased.The relative abundance of Basidiomycota significantly decreased after 10 mg/L ampicillin treatment，followed by 100 mg/L streptomycin sulfate treatment，while the relative abundance all increased in other groups.The relative abundance of Mucoromycota significantly increased after 100 mg/L streptomycin sulfate treatment，followed by 5 mg/L ampicillin sulfate，while the relative abundance all decreased in other groups.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased after 100 mg/L streptomycin sulfate treatment and the relative abundance all increased in other groups.The relative abundance of Bacteroidota increased the most under 100 mg/L streptomycin sulfate treatment.At genus level，the relative abundance of Penicillium all increased，the relative abundance of Enterococcus all decreased，and the relative abundance of Enterobacter increased in all groups except for the 100 mg/L streptomycin sulfate treatment.The abundance，evenness and diversity of the fungal community in the gut of P.xylostella were all decreased for all three antibiotics treatments，with the highest decrease in 10 mg/L ampicillin treatment.The evenness and diversity of bacterial community all increased for all three antibiotics treatments，with the highest increase in the treatment of 100 mg/L streptomycin sulfate.The bacterial abundance increased for both treatments of ampicillin and streptomycin sulfate，while decreased for rifampicin treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics