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Research and Application of Lightweight Yolov7‐TSA Network in Tea Disease Detection and Identification LI Weihao, ZHAN Wei, ZHOU Wan, HAN Tao, WANG Peiwen, LIU Hu, XIONG Mengyuan, SUN Yong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 162-169.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.019 Abstract （158）      PDF （3989KB）（326）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the problems of low accuracy，slow model running speed and no detection function of the existing tea disease identification methods，a novel Yolov7‐TSA（Yolov7‐Tiny‐SiLU‐Attention）lightweight network architecture was proposed to detect and classify tea diseases.Specifically，the LeakReLU activation function in the Yolov7‐T network was replaced with the SiLU activation function to improve detection accuracy and prevent overfitting.Meanwhile，the feature perception of target contour and spatial location was further improved by fusing the coordinate attention mechanism. Experiments on the dataset containing eight tea diseases（including healthy tea leaves） showed that the recognition accuracy of Yolov7‐TSA network reached 94.2%，which was 3.2 and 1.2 percentage points higher compared to Yolov7‐T and Yolov7 networks，respectively.Furthermore，it showed significant results in terms of parameters，floating point operations，model size and inference time per image，which were reduced by 83%，87%，83% and 34%，respectively，compared to the Yolov7 network. The network model achieves the detection and classification of tea diseases when balancing recognition accuracy and real‐time performance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Contents Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 0-.   Abstract （27）      PDF （31822KB）（259）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Vaccine for Piglets LÜ Linfen, PANG Shengmei, LI Baoliang, LIANG Yuxuan, DUAN Qiangde Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 1-8.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.001 Abstract （139）      PDF （1262KB）（213）       Knowledge map    Save Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli（ETEC）is an important pathogen causing diarrhea of piglets in the world. Various strategies such as giving antibiotics in the feed，oral administration of specific antibodies，dietary and diet supplementary treatment，and genetic breeding have been used to prevent and treat ETEC infection.Compared with other preventive measures，vaccination is the most economical and effective mean to prevent diarrhea of piglets caused by ETEC.In this paper，the latest research progress of ETEC vaccine for porcine was reviewed，the challenges in ETEC vaccine research were analyzed，and the research strategies for effective vaccines were proposed，in order to provide the basis for the development of novel，safe，efficient and broad‐spectrum ETEC vaccines. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Combined Stress of High Temperature and Drought on Photosynthetic Physiology of Maize WANG Yakun, LI Hongping, XU Zhenzhen, LIU Tianxue Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 17-23.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.003 Abstract （152）      PDF （2783KB）（176）       Knowledge map    Save The effect of high temperature（H），drought（D）and combined stress of high temperature and drought（HD）on photosynthetic physiology of maize seedling was studied with high temperature‐tolerant Zhengdan 958（ZD958）and high temperature‐sensitive Xianyu 335（XY335）by pot experiment，so as to provide theoretical basis for breeding of excellent maize varieties resistant to high temperature and drought.The results indicated that compared with CK without stress，the chlorophyll content of ZD958 leaves significantly decreased under stresses，there was significant difference among treatments，and the HD treatment showed the greatest reduction.The change of chlorophyll content of XY335 was consistent with that of ZD958，and the influence was greater.The ratio of chlorophyll a to b in ZD958 leaves increased under D and HD conditions，while it increased for XY335 only under HD condition.The net photosynthetic rate，stomatal conductance，transpiration rate，electron transport rate in ZD958 and XY335 leaves all（even significantly）decreased，D treatment had the greatest changes，and the decrements in ZD958 were more than that in XY335 under D and HD conditions.The activity of phosphoenol‐pyruvate carboxylase（PEPCase） in ZD958 leaves significantly increased under H condition，while no obvious changes of that were observed under D and HD conditions，but the activity of ribulose‐1，5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase（Rubisco） significantly decreased under D and HD conditions.The activity of PEPCase in XY335 leaves decreased compared with CK under stresses，and the decrement of HD treatment was the greatest.The activity of Rubisco in XY335 leaves significantly decreased compared with CK under stresses，and the decrement of D treatment was the greatest. Overall，D and HD stresses have greater influence on photosynthetic physiology of maize seedling，and different varieties have different responses to the above three kinds of stress. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Physicochemical Properties and Microstructure Changes of Tomato Straw Hydrothermal Biochar under Different Reaction Conditions HUANG Jiaqing, LIU Cenwei, YE Jing, WANG Yixiang, REN Lihua Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 170-180.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.020 Abstract （103）      PDF （5763KB）（176）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the effects of carbonization temperature and pyrolysis time on the microstructure，physicochemical properties，principal components，and carbonization efficiency of tomato straw hydrothermal biochar（TSHB）and obtain efficient carbonization conditions，tomato straw was decomposed into TSHB by hydrothermal carbonization method with low energy consumption.This experiment set up three carbonization temperature（180，220，and 260℃）and four pyrolysis time（2，4，6，and 8 h），with a total of twelve experimental treatments，to study the effects of different combinations of carbonization temperature and pyrolysis time on the morphology，structure，functional groups，pH value，conductivity（EC）and biochar composition of TSHB，and to analyze the principal components changes of TSHB.The results showed that the porous and hollow vascular bundle structure of tomato straw was conducive to the rapid transfer of water and heat within the tomato straw.Increasing the hydrothermal carbonization temperature could accelerate the destruction of the vascular bundle structure of tomato straw and carbonize the strip‐shaped tomato straw into granular hydrothermal carbon. The functional groups of TSHB were mainly fat ether C-O，alkane C-H，saturated fatty acid ester C-O，amine C-N，and the groups of C-O，C=O，C-N，and C-O-C in the cell wall. Increasing the carbonization temperature could increase the functional groups of TSHB，but those functional groups could be destroyed and reduced significantly if the carbonization temperature exceeded 260℃.TSHB prepared by hydrothermal pyrolysis was acidic biochar（pH value 5.13—5.33）.Under the same pyrolysis time，compared to the carbonization temperature of 180℃ or 260℃，the TSHB prepared at 220℃ had the highest EC value（6 213—7 899 μs/cm），but the EC values of TSHB significantly decreased by 18.19%—26.92% as the pyrolysis time was extended from 2 h to 8 h.Increasing the carbonization temperature and prolonging the pyrolysis time could significantly increase the fixed carbon content of TSHB（2.23—27.99 percentage points），but significantly reduce the volatile content of TSHB（2.46—30.97 percentage points）.Increasing the carbonization temperature could increase the carbonization yield，total nitrogen content，and ash content of TSHB by 10.63—29.91，0.58—0.87，and 1.82—3.09 percentage points，respectively.In summary，compared with prolonging the pyrolysis time，increasing the hydrothermal carbonization temperature could more effectively improve the carbonization efficiency of tomato straw and increase the content of nitrogen‐oxygen functional groups，fixed carbon，and total nitrogen of TSHB.The hydrothermal carbonization temperature was the critical factor determining the microstructure，functional groups，pH value，and principal components of TSHB.The carbonization temperature of 220℃ and the pyrolysis time of 4—6 h were suitable carbonization conditions for preparing tomato straw biochar by hydrothermal carbonization method. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Planting Density on Stem Strength and Ear Characters of Maize XU Lina, AN Zhiliang, CHEN Shilin, ZHANG Huaisheng, JIN Xining, WANG Pingxi Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 11-17.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.002 Abstract （167）      PDF （1501KB）（174）       Knowledge map    Save Five planting densities of 67 500（D1），75 000（D2），82 500（D3），90 000（D4）and 97 500（D5）plants/ha were set up to study the effects of planting density on stem strength，ear traits and yield of Baiyu 393，and the relationship between maize plant morphology and stem strength was analyzed，so as to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for high‑yield cultivation of summer maize in Huang‑Huai‑Hai region.The results showed that as the planting density increased，the ear height and ear height ratio of maize increased，the stem circumference decreased，and there was no significant change in plant height；The stem puncture strength，breaking strength and crushing strength of maize all decreased；The ear length，row number per ear，grain number per row，cob diameter，100‑grain weight and grain number per ear of maize all showed a downward trend，but there was no significant change in ear diameter，while the bald tip length increased；The maize yield first increased and then decreased，D3 treatment was the highest，followed by D2 treatment，the difference between the two treatments was not significant，while D5 treatment was the lowest.There were significant negative correlations between stem puncture strength，breaking strength，crushing strength and ear height，ear height ratio. In summary，when the planting density is 75 000—82 500 plants/ha，the ear height and stem diameter are moderate，the stem quality is good，the ear traits are superior，and the yield is higher. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Vaccine for Pigs LIANG Yuxuan, PANG Shengmei, LIU Mei, WANG Longlong, DUAN Qiangde Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 1-10.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.001 Abstract （136）      PDF （1511KB）（162）       Knowledge map    Save Porcine epidemic diarrhea（PED）caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus（PEDV）is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease of pigs，which leads to high morbidity and mortality in the suckling piglets，thereby bringing huge economic losses to the global pig industry.Vaccination is currently the most economical and effective measure for the prevention of PED，but due to the continuous emergence of PEDV variants，the immune protection of the vaccine is not effective.Therefore，the development of safer and more effective vaccines for preventing PED is urgently needed. Here we mainly reviewed the pathogenic characteristics，the pathogenic mechanism of PEDV，and the latest progress in PEDV vaccine research. Futhermore，the research strategy of a novel and effective PEDV vaccine was also prospected，to provide a reference for effective prevention and control of PED in clinical settings. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Conservation Tillage in China QIN Meng, DONG Quanzhong, XUE Hong, ZHANG Mingming, LI Weiwei, SONG Huan, ZHAI Lingxia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (7): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.07.001 Abstract （204）      PDF （1252KB）（159）       Knowledge map    Save Conservation tillage is an environmentally friendly farming model that reduces soil erosion，protects the ecological environment of farmland，and achieves coordinated development of ecological，economic and social benefits by means of less tillage，no⁃tillage and surface mulching of straw.In order to reduce soil erosion，desertification and salinization，soil management methods need to be changed from traditional tillage to protect the soil environment，stabilize food and increase income.This paper introduces the importance of conservation tillage for the sustainable development of agriculture，systematically describes the current development status of conservation tillage，analyzes the key points and difficulties of future development of conservation tillage，and provides an outlook on the future development direction of conservation tillage to provide reference for improving the development system of conservation tillage. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Status and Progress of Research on Soil Water Movement and Distribution in Subsurface Drip Irrigation WANG Dongbo, QIAN Zhiyong, WANG Dong, HUANG Guoliang, YANG Zhenjie, ZHANG Yijie Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (12): 1-13.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.12.001 Abstract （153）      PDF （1989KB）（159）       Knowledge map    Save The movement and distribution of soil water under subsurface drip irrigation has always been a hot topic in academic circles. In order to clarify the research progress of influencing factors of soil water migration and distribution under subsurface drip irrigation，the basic principles，main characteristics and development history of subsurface drip irrigation technology were summarized.The research methods and conclusions of soil water migration and distribution under different subsurface drip irrigation methods were systematically expounded，and the application status of numerical simulation technology in soil water distribution law research was introduced.The key factors affecting soil water migration and distribution under subsurface drip irrigation conditions were comprehensively analyzed.The current research status and development bottlenecks were summarized，and the future research direction was prospected，in order to provide theoretical reference for further research and improvement of irrigation water use efficiency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Effect of Organic Carbon on the Formation of Soil Aggregates ZHOU Jiahao, CHU Junjie, SUN Wanchun, ZOU Ping, YU Qiaogang, MA Junwei, YANG Jun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (11): 10-20.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.11.002 Abstract （173）      PDF （10408KB）（157）       Knowledge map    Save Soil organic carbon（SOC），as an important substance involved in biogeochemical cycles，plays an important role in the formation and stability of soil aggregates.The definition，characteristics and formation theory of soil aggregates were reviewed，the turnover process of SOC in aggregates was analyzed，and the role and influence of SOC quantity，SOC structure，microbial residue carbon and SOC loss in the formation of soil aggregates were reviewed.Suggestions on the cultivation of healthy soil were put forward from the perspective of the synergistic relationship between soil carbon sink and aggregates，and the future research direction of soil aggregates was prospected in order to provide reference for the sustainable development of soil resources. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Direct‐Seeding Rice under Long‐Term Integrated Rice‐Crayfish Model PENG Chenglin, SI Guohan, ZHAO Shujun, YUAN Jiafu, LÜ Hongjiu, XU Xiangyu, XU Dabing, XIE Yuanyuan, ZHOU Jianxiong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 9-16.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.002 Abstract （109）      PDF （1249KB）（151）       Knowledge map    Save In order to provide technical support for the high‐yield，high‐quality，high‐efficiency and ecological cultivation of rice under long‐term integrated rice‐crayfish model，a field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different nitrogen managements（base nitrogen accounted for 50%，40%，30%，20%，0 and no nitrogen fertilizer，respectively）on the nutrient uptake and yield of direct‐seedingrice under long‐term integrated rice‐crayfish model with rice monoculture model as control.The results showed that the 20% and 0 treatments under the long‐term integrated rice‐crayfish model，and 30% and 20% treatments under the rice monoculture model，were good for nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium absorption of rice.Under the same nitrogen fertilizer management，the long‐term integrated rice‐crayfish model could promote the absorption of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium compared with the rice monoculture model.The rice yields of 20% and 0 treatments were significantly higher than the other treatments under the long‐term integrated rice‐crayfish model，and those of 30%，20% and 0 treatments were significantly higher than the other treatments under the rice monoculture model，which were mainly achieved by increasing the effective panicle number and seed setting rate.The rice yield under the long‐term rice‐crayfish co‐cropping mode increased by 11.1% on average compared with that under the rice monoculture model，which was mainly achieved by increasing the effective panicle number.With the decrease of the ratio of base nitrogen，the same trend as rice yield was found in nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity，agronomic efficiency，apparent utilization efficiency and contribution rate under the two models. Compared with the rice monoculture model，the long‐term integrated rice‐crayfish model greatly increased partial productivity and apparent utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer by 9.5% and 21.3% respectively，but decreased the agronomic efficiency and contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer.In summary，the recommended ratios of base nitrogen were 20% and 0 under the long‐term integrated rice‐crayfish model. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on Application of bHLH Transcription Factors in Cold Tolerance Genetic Engineering of Plants QI Xueli, LI Ying, LI Chunying, HAN Liupeng, ZHAO Mingzhong, ZHANG Jianzhou Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (11): 1-9.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.11.001 Abstract （140）      PDF （8078KB）（150）       Knowledge map    Save Plants often encounter cold stress，which influences the growth and geographical distribution，and decreases yield and quality of plants. bHLH（basic helix⁃loop⁃helix）family is the second largest transcription factor family in plant，which plays an important role in regulation of tolerance to cold stress.This paper elaborated the structure and the application of MYC（avian myelocytoma virus）⁃like bHLH transcription factor ICE［inducer of CBF（C⁃repeat binding factor） expression］ and other bHLH transcription factors in plant cold tolerance genetic engineering，so as to provide some references for the utilization of bHLH transcription factors in cold tolerance genetic improvement and breeding. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analyses of Maize Inbred Lines Based on DUS Test Traits in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Region DOU Dandan, SUN Jianjun, GUO Yuxi, WANG Dexin, GUO Xinhai, DING Chaoming Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 24-32.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.004 Abstract （113）      PDF （4553KB）（149）       Knowledge map    Save Based on the 39 basic characters in the DUS test guide of maize，the genetic diversity and population structure of 100 test inbred lines and 9 typical inbred lines were analyzed，so as to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of maize germplasm resources and the improvement of breeding efficiency in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai region. The results showed that the average allelic variation of all characters in 109 inbred lines was 5.026，with a range of 1—9；The mean effective allelic variation was 2.919，with a range of 1.000—6.053；The average Shannon index was 1.133，with a range of 0.000—1.928.The diversity of supporting root color intensity（Chr.22）was the highest，followed by filament color intensity（Chr.9），and the diversity of top traits of the first leaf（Chr.1）was the lowest.The effective allelic variation of 48.72% characters was greater than 2.919，and the Shannon index of 61.54% characters was greater than 1.133.The clustering analysis results indicated that the genetic background of maize germplasm in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai region was relatively rich.The 109 materials were clustered into 5 groups，except group D which contained 9 inbred lines with the smallest number，the other 4 groups had basically the same number of inbred lines，and group D had a relatively small proportion of genetic similarity coefficient in other groups.The genetic distance among the five groups varied from 0.200 to 0.665，the genetic distance between group D and group B was the greatest with 0.665，followed by the genetic distance between group D and group C（0.586）；The genetic distance between group C and group B was the smallest with 0.200，followed by the genetic distance between group E and group A（0.212）. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification，Evolution and Expression Analysis of WOX Gene Family in Capsicum annuum ZHANG Yeda, WANG Xing, WANG Liping, TONG Jing, WU Zhanhui, GAO Yankui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 130-141.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.015 Abstract （110）      PDF （5175KB）（140）       Knowledge map    Save The WUSCHEL（WUS）‐related homeobox（WOX）transcription factor family is a kind of plant specific transcription factors，which maintain the dynamic balance of plant stem cells，shoot tip meristem formation，embryonic development and other important life activities.In this study，10 WOX genes were identified in pepper（ Capsicum annuum）variety Zunla‐1 by using bioinformatics methods，named CaWUS to CaWOX13. CaWOXs were unevenly distributed on 5 chromosomes and are divided into 3 branches.All subcellular predictions showed being located in the nucleus.The number of genes varied greatly among different branches，and members of the same branch had similar gene structures and conserved motifs.CaWOX family promoters contained 14 kinds of action elements related to plant growth and development，hormone regulation and stress，and the most widely distributed was methyl jasmonate response element.No tandem duplication and large fragment duplication were found in CaWOX family，but there was a collinear relationship with Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum.As a key protein，CaWUS played a pivotal role in the protein interaction network.The gene expression of CaWOXs was significantly different，and some genes played an important role in the regulation of root，stem and fruit development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Effects of Abiotic Stress Factors on Wheat Photosynthesis FANG Yuhui, HUA Xia, HAN Liupeng, ZHAO Mingzhong, QI Xueli, DONG Haibin, HU Lin, Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (10): 1-13.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.10.001 Abstract （149）      PDF （1331KB）（139）       Knowledge map    Save Photosynthesis is the energy source and material basis of wheat growth and development，and plays an important role in the formation of wheat yield.In recent years，climate anomalies have occurred frequently.High temperature，low temperature，drought，waterlogging，saline‑alkaline，high light and low light have become the main factors affecting wheat photosynthesis.This paper reviewed the research progress of the effects of abiotic stresses such as temperature，water，saline‑alkaline and light intensity on wheat photosynthesis，pointed out the problems existing in this research field，and prospected the future research direction，so as to provide theoretical reference for wheat high photosynthetic efficiency breeding and cultivation management. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between Meteorological Factors and Yield and Quality of Flue‐cured Tobacco Upper Leaves under Different Transplanting Date in Sanmenxia SU Yongshi, JIANG Weifeng, YANG Yang, CHANG Jianbo, WANG Jing, LI Zhixin, XU Min, GUAN Weidong, ZHANG Xiaoquan, FU Yunpeng Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 61-73.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.008 Abstract （84）      PDF （1666KB）（128）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the effects of meteorological factors on the yield and quality of upper leaves of flue‐cured tobacco in Sanmenxia，and to establish key meteorological indicators for the formation of high quality upper leaf，the main flue‐cured tobacco cultivar Yunyan 87 was used as the material for field  experiments in Lingbao from 2020 to 2021.The changes of meteorological factors，yield and quality of upper leaves of flue‐cured tobacco were studied，and the relationship between meteorological factors during upper leaves growth and yield and quality was analyzed.The results showed that the meteorological factors at each growth stage of the upper leaves of flue‐cured tobacco changed with the delay of transplanting date，especially at the mature stage.With the delay of transplanting date，the yield，output value，proportion of superior tobacco，average price of upper leaves，reducing sugar，the ratio of sugar to nicotine，aroma quality，aroma quantity and the total score of sensory quality increased first and then decreased，while nicotine gradually decreased.The economic characters and quality of the upper leaves of flue‐cured tobacco were the best after transplanted on May 7.The correlation analysis showed that the economic indexes，reducing sugar content，nicotine content，the ratio of sugar to nicotine，aroma quality，aroma quantity and total score of sensory quality of upper leaves were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the average daily temperature at maturity stage.The correlation degree order of each meteorological factor with aroma quality，aroma quantity and total score of sensory quality of the upper leaves was temperature，sunshine hours and rainfall，especially the correlation degree of average daily temperature at mature stage was the highest.When the average daily temperature of the mature stage was 20.20—25.16℃，aroma quality，aroma quantity and total score of sensory quality of the upper leaves were better. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Reduction of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Wheat⁃Maize Rotation System in Yellow⁃Cinnamon Soil Area LI Lingyun, HE Ailing, YANG Huanhuan, LIU Gaoyuan, GUO Zhongyi, DU Jun Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (11): 21-32.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.11.003 Abstract （111）      PDF （10268KB）（126）       Knowledge map    Save In order to investigate the optimum reduction of nitrogen fertilizer rate of the wheat⁃maize rotation system，from 2018 to 2020，different fertilization measures were considered in the yellow⁃cinnamon soil area，and a total of 7 treatments were set up，including no nitrogen fertilizer（CK），conventional fertilization（FP，N 225 kg/ha），optimized fertilization（CF，N 180 kg/ha），conventional nitrogen reduction by 10%（90%FP，N 202.5 kg/ha），conventional nitrogen reduction by 20%（80%FP，N 180 kg/ha），conventional nitrogen reduction by 30%（70%FP，N 157.5 kg/ha），combined application of controlled loss urea and common urea with 7∶3（CRU，N 180 kg/ha），and the effect of reduction of nitrogen fertilizer rate on grain yield and nitrogen utilization under wheat⁃maize rotation system was explored. The results showed that in the two crop rotation cycles，the yields of wheat and maize of CF treatment were the highest，followed by CRU treatment，there was no significant difference between CRU treatment and CF treatment. Compared with FP treatment，the yields of wheat under CF treatment and CRU treatment increased by 3.62% and 2.57%，and yields of maize increased by 3.53% and 1.85% in the two crop rotation cycles，respectively；the yields of wheat and maize of 80%FP treatment decreased，but there was no significant difference.The yields of wheat and maize of the treatment with conventional nitrogen reduction by 30% decreased compared with FP treatment in the two crop rotation cycles.In the two crop rotation cycles，the contents of organic matter，total nitrogen and hydrolyzed nitrogen of CF and CRU treatments were higher than the other treatments in soil，there was no difference between the two treatments，and the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen of 70%FP treatment generally significantly decreased compared with FP treatment.The nitrogen recovery rate，agronomic efficiency of nitrogen and partial productivity of nitrogen of wheat and maize of CF and CRU treatments were higher，there was no difference between the two treatments，but were all significantly higher than FP treatment in the two crop rotation cycles. Among them，the nitrogen recovery rates of wheat and maize of CRU treatment increased by 32.1%—50.8% and 41.7%—44.2%，respectively；the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen increased by 31.7%—35.6% and 29.5%—31.9%，respectively；the partial productivity of nitrogen increased by 27.4%—28.9% and 26.9%—27.7%，respectively.Overall，for the wheat⁃maize rotation system in yellow⁃cinnamon soil area，optimized fertilization（CF treatment）and combined application of controlled loss urea and common urea with 7∶3（CRU treatment）under conventional nitrogen reduction by 20% could improve crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency，while conventional nitrogen reduction by 30% risked reduction of yield.Comprehensively considered，combined application of controlled loss urea and common urea with 7∶3 with one⁃time fertilization is the best fertilization measure in the wheat⁃maize rotation system in the yellow⁃cinnamon soil area. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Functional Leaves at Different Positions on Grain Filling Characteristics and Quality of Different Panicle Types of Rice Varieties XIE Wenxiao, JIANG Xiuying, LÜ Jun, PAN Zhengyan, HAN Yong, WANG Qingxin, LI Jianguo Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 36-44.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.005 Abstract （76）      PDF （1341KB）（123）       Knowledge map    Save In order to clarify the correlation between functional leaves at different positions and grain‑filling characteristics，yield and quality，Liaojing 401（semi‑erect large panicle rice variety ）and Liaojing 371（curved panicle rice variety）were used as materials，the effects of functional leaves at different positions［cutting flag leaf（T1），cutting second leaf from top（T2），cutting third leaf from top（T3）and no cutting（control，CK）］on the filling characteristics of superior and inferior grains，yield and quality of different panicle types of rice varieties were studied，and the relationship between grain‑filling characteristics and quality indexes was analyzed.The results showed that the absence of flag leaf and second leaf from top significantly decreased the maximum and average filling rate of superior and inferior grains of Liaojing 401 and inferior grains of Liaojing 371.The absence of functional leaves at different positions significantly extended the active filling period of Liaojing 401，and shortened the active filling period of Liaojing 371.The absence of functional leaves at different positions advanced the maximum filling time of Liaojing 401，and delayed the maximum filling time of Liaojing 371.The absence of flag leaf and second leaf from top significantly decreased seed setting rate，grain plumpness and 1 000‑grain weight，and then significantly decreased the yield. The order of effects on the above indexes was flag leaf>second leaf from top>third leaf from top.Compared with CK，1 000‑grain weight of Liaojing 401 and Liaojing 371 of cutting flag leaf treatment decreased by 18.32% and 6.44%，and the yield decreased by 16.52% and 8.05% respectively.With the elevation of cutting leaf position，milling and appearance qualities，breakdown and final viscosity gradually decreased，and the effects on chalkiness and chalky grain percentage were greater.The effect of functional leaves at different positions on yield and quality of curved panicle type of rice variety was smaller than that of semi‑erect large panicle type.In summary，the order of effect of functional leaves at different positions on filling characteristics，yield and quality of rice is flag leaf>second leaf from top>third leaf from to top，and the effect on semi‑erect large panicle type is greater than curved panicle type. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and Expression Analysis of NtCCX2 Gene in Tobacco FENG Kang, YANG Yuanyuan, LIU Qiong, CHENG Lan, HAO Haohao, WANG Pingping, JIN Weihuan, GUO Hongxiang Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 52-60.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.007 Abstract （80）      PDF （8367KB）（114）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the role of NtCCX2 gene in tobacco in response to cadmium and other stresses，it was cloned from tobacco and its expression pattern was analyzed. The results showed that the total length of NtCCX2 gene was 2 464 bp，and the CDS region was 1 926 bp，encoding 641 amino acids.It had significant characteristics of CCX family，and there were two α‐repeat regions in the transmembrane region：α1 pattern motif GNGAPD and α2 pattern motif G（N/D）SxGD. NtCCX2 gene had obvious spatial and temporal expression characteristics.Its expression was the highest in leaves at seedling stage and flourishing stage，while was higher in roots and flowers at mature stage.The promoter of NtCCX2 gene contained ABA and other hormone signals as well as stress‐related response elements.In addition to drought，salt and cadmium stresses，the expression of NtCCX2 gene in roots and leaves also had different responses to ABA，MeJA and ethylene.Among them，after 2 hours of ABA treatment，the relative expression level of NtCCX2 gene in the root was 3.7 times that of 0 hour；After 8 hours of MeJA  treatment，the relative expression level of NtCCX2 gene in the leaves was 2.1 times that of 0 hour；After2 hours of ethephon treatment，the relative expression level of NtCCX2 gene in both the root and leaves increased. Cadmium‐reducing agents could down‐regulate the expression of this gene. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Intercropping Patterns in Cotton Fields XU Doudou, HE Yunxin, LI Fei, LIU Aiyu, ZHOU Zhonghua Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (6): 1-11.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.06.001 Abstract （128）      PDF （1286KB）（114）       Knowledge map    Save In order to further improve the economic efficiency of cotton fields and ensure the stability of cotton planting area，adapting to local conditions，changing the cotton cultivation technology，choosing the appropriate planting structure and crop layout have become important measures to promote the high⁃quality development of cotton production.Among them，the theoretical research and application of intercropping patterns in cotton fields have received wide attention.In view of the current research，the main intercropping patterns in cotton fields at home and abroad were summarized，and the advantages of various intercropping patterns in terms of yield increase were summarized.The effects of intercropping patterns on growth and development，photosynthetic characteristics，nutrient uptake and utilization，root morphological characteristics，yield and quality of cotton and soil physical and chemical properties were described.At the same time，the prospect of the application of intercropping patterns was made according to the current problems in the actual production of cotton.This paper will provide reference for future research on the application of intercropping patterns in cotton production in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Quality Traits of Foxtail Millet LI Junxia, MA Xiaoqian, DAI Shutao, QIN Na, SONG Yinghui, ZHU Cancan, LIU Haixia, JIN Songcan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 14-23.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.002 Abstract （110）      PDF （1347KB）（114）       Knowledge map    Save Foxtail millet is an important multigrain crop in China，which is rich in protein，fatty acid，saccharides，dietary fiber and abundant essential trace elements for human body，and has high nutritional value. In this paper，the research progress of foxtail millet quality traits was reviewed from the aspects of appearance quality，eating and cooking quality，nutrient quality and processing quality，the existing problems in the research of foxtail millet quality were analyzed，and the prospect of further research was prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Contents Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (11): 0-.   Abstract （1）      PDF （42492KB）（112）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Sowing Date on Yield and Quality of Early and Middle Rice DOU Dandan, SUN Jianjun, WANG Dexin, GUO Yuxi, GUO Xinhai, DING Chaoming Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (7): 12-23.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.07.002 Abstract （105）      PDF （4293KB）（109）       Knowledge map    Save The effect of sowing dates［May 5（T1），May 11（T2），May 17（T3），May 23（T4），May 29（T5），June 4（T6），June 10（T7），June 16（T8），June 22（T9）and June 28（T10）］on yield and quality of different maturity types of rice was studied with four portions each for early and middle rice as experimental materials. Principal components of yield and quality related characters of early and middle rice under different sowing dates were analyzed，and a comprehensive evaluation of the stability of experimental materials and sowing dates was conducted using GGE biplot based on yield and chalkiness，so as to provide theoretical basis for the selection of suitable rice types and sowing dates in rice field planting in Huang⁃Huai⁃Hai region. The results showed that sowing date had a significant impact on both rice yield and quality. The duration from sowing to heading for early and middle rice generally decreased with the delay of sowing date. The changes of growth period varied depending on the experimental materials. Under T1 treatment，early and middle rice had the longest growth period，and middle rice had the shortest growth period under T6 treatment. The length and diameter of stem，as well as the length of sword leaf，varied greatly in early rice，while the number of panicles per plant，seed setting rate and thousand⁃grain weight varied greatly in middle rice. The overall yield of early and middle rice showed a trend of first increase，then decrease and then increase with the delay of sowing date. Among them，early rice A1（TH2），A2（Huaxiangjing 2）and A4（Jindao 272）had the highest yields under T4 treatment，which were 5 902.09 kg/ha，5 569.03 kg/ha and 8 916.24 kg/ha，respectively；early rice A3（Jindao 572）had the highest yield of 10 194.01 kg/ha under T3 treatment；the lowest yields were obtained under T6 treatment. The yields of middle rice Linxiu 6812，Xu 60233，Lindao 10 and Nanjing 9308 were the highest under T4 treatment，which were 9 352.54 kg/ha，9 515.23 kg/ha，9 179.88 kg/ha and 7 925.09 kg/ha，respectively；the yields were the lowest under T1 treatment. The crude protein content in grain of early and middle rice showed an overall trend of first increase，then decrease and then increase with the delay of sowing date. The amylose content in grain of early and middle rice showed an overall trend of first decrease and then increase with the delay of sowing date. The chalkiness degree of grain of early rice generally decreased with the delay of sowing date，while for middle rice，it showed an overall trend of first decrease and then increase with the delay of sowing date. The results of principal component analysis indicated that T1，T2，and T3 could effectively distinguish different maturity types of rice materials，that was，the traits of different maturity types of rice materials could be fully expressed under these sowing dates.The analysis results of the GEE model indicated that the comprehensive scores of materials A3 and A4，sowing dates T3 and T2 were relatively higher. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Evaluation of 176 Waxy Sorghum Germplasm Resources Based on Principal Component，Grey Correlation and DTOPSIS Analyses WU Guojiang, ZHOU Wei, YU Zhonghao, LI Yan, LÜ Jingbo, WANG Zhenguo, ZHOU Yaxing Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 40-51.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.006 Abstract （447）      PDF （1325KB）（105）       Knowledge map    Save In order to screen out the high‐quality waxy sorghum germplasm resources suitable for popularization and utilization in the Xiliaohe Plain，16 main agronomic traits of 176 waxy sorghum germplasm resources were analyzed，and the comprehensive evaluation and ranking were carried out by combining principal component analysis method，grey correlation degree method and DTOPSIS method.The results showed that the coefficient of variation of the main agronomic traits of 176 waxy sorghum germplasm resources ranged from 6.69% to 47.84%，and there were generally significant or extremely significant correlation between the traits. Through principal component analysis，16 main agronomic traits of 176 waxy sorghum germplasm resources were integrated into 9 independent comprehensive indexes（principal components），and the cumulative contribution rate of these 9 principal components was87.169%.The top 30 germplasm resources were screened based on comprehensive evaluation scores by principal component analysis，weighted correlation degree by grey correlation degree method and relative closeness degree by DTOPSIS method respectively. By the combination of the above three methods for comprehensive evaluation，10 germplasm resources with excellent comprehensive traits were selected from 176 germplasm resources，namely QNR，9705，2011‐30，Xinliang 52，102A，HubocuoP4，Jan‐88，9701，0657 and 4126 ，respectively，which laid a foundation for the breeding of waxy sorghum varieties in the Xiliaohe Plain. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Reduced Nitrogen Application Rate with Increased Density on Yield and Quality of Indica‑Japonica Hybrid Rice ZHANG Kai, CHEN Mingrui, LIU Qiuyuan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (10): 14-21.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.10.002 Abstract （116）      PDF （1342KB）（105）       Knowledge map    Save The indica‑japonica hybrid rice varieties Yongyou 2640 and Yongyou 15 were used as materials，and the effects of reduced nitrogen application rate with increased density［2 seedlings per hole under conventional nitrogen fertilizer level（pure N 300 kg/ha）（T1），2 seedlings（T2），3 seedlings（T3），4 seedlings（T4），5 seedlings（T5）per hole under nitrogen reduction level（pure N 225 kg/ha）］on yield and quality of rice were studied，so as to provide technical support for green high‑yield cultivation of indica‑japonica hybrid rice.The results showed that the yield of each nitrogen reduction treatment of two rice varieties first increased and then decreased with the increase of density，the yield of T3 treatment was the highest，which significantly increased by 7.03%（Yongyou 2640） and 6.59%（Yongyou 15）compared with T1 treatment，but the yields of the other nitrogen reduction treatments were significantly lower than that of T1 treatment.T3 treatment had the highest effective panicle number and grain number per panicle，so got the highest yield.In terms of rice quality，brown rice rate，milled rice rate，head milled rice rate，protein and its components contents，amylose content，amylopectin content，total starch content，hardness and final viscosity of nitrogen reduction treatments of two rice varieties generally decreased with the increase of density，and were lower than those of T1 treatment，while the chalkiness rate，chalkiness degree，taste value and setback value increased with the increase of density，and were higher than those of T1 treatment. In summary，for indica‑japonica hybrid rice，high yield and quality can be achieved with hole and row spacings of 12 cm and 30 cm and 3 seedlings per hole under the condition of 225 kg/ha nitrogen. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Grain and Its Quality Traits of 150 Maize Inbred Lines ZHAO Haijun, SHI Jiaqing, WANG Bin, GUO Yiyang, HU Xiaoli, HAN Zanping Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (5): 33-39.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.05.005 Abstract （98）      PDF （1634KB）（103）       Knowledge map    Save The grain（grain length，grain width，100‐grain weight and bulk density）and its quality traits（grain water content，contents of oil，protein，starch and lysine）of 150 improved maize inbred lines were analyzed，and correlation analysis，cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate them to screen out excellent inbred lines for high‐quality maize breeding.The correlation analysis results showed that the water content of grains of inbred lines was significantly positively correlated with contents of protein，starch and lysine，and significantly negatively correlated with bulk density；Starch content was significantly negatively correlated with contents of protein，oil and bulk density；100‐grain weight was significantly positively correlated with grain length and grain width.The cluster analysis results showed that inbred lines of maize were divided into six groups.17N0358 and 17N0443 of groups 1 and 2 had obvious specificity in terms of quality traits，the water content，protein content，starch content，lysine content and 100‐grain quality of 17N0358 reached the highest，and 17N0443 had the characteristics of low grain water content，protein content，100‐grain weight，but high oil content.The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components（100‐grain weight，water content，protein content and lysine content）reached 73.703%.The comprehensive scores of 8 inbred lines were higher than that of the control line B73，which were 17N0536，17N0560，17N0544，17N0358，17N0373，17N047，17N0556 and 17N0540.A total of 9 inbred lines with better grain and its quality traits were screened out，which were 17N0358，17N0443，17N0536，17N0560，17N0544，17N0373，17N0470，17N0556 and 17N0540. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rice Phenotypic Parameters Extraction and Biomass Estimation Based on Three⁃Dimensional Model CHENG Zhiqiang, FANG Shenghui Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (7): 144-153.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.07.015 Abstract （96）      PDF （6848KB）（103）       Knowledge map    Save The phenotype detection methods based on two⁃dimensional images lack spatial dimension information and have difficulty in extracting comprehensive rice phenotype parameters.Therefore，it is of great significance to establish a three⁃dimensional model of rice to extract comprehensive rice phenotype parameters.The volume is an important parameter indicating the growth status of rice. How to obtain rice volume parameters without damaging the rice plant is still a problem to be solved in current research.Based on the above considerations，a method of rice phenotypic parameters extraction and biomass estimation based on three⁃dimensional model is proposed in this paper，which can extract rice volume parameters and estimate rice biomass without damaging the rice plant.This study focused on potted rice，first reconstructed its three⁃dimensional model using the Alpha⁃shape algorithm，and then extracted and evaluated rice height，stem thickness，vegetation coverage，volume parameters，and estimated rice biomass based on the volume parameter.The experimental results showed that space carving could reconstruct a high⁃precision three⁃dimensional model of rice and accurately measure rice phenotype parameters and biomass，the RMSE and MAPE of rice height，stem thickness，and single plant vegetation coverage were 63.27 mm，4.01 mm，5.04% and 7.15%，14.91%，12.59%，and the RMSE and MAPE of rice biomass were 62.44 g and 19.25%，which were better than the results obtained by existing three⁃dimensional reconstruction software. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Intercropping of Two Genotypes of Wheat on Grain Filling Characteristics and Yield ZHAO Lishang, WANG Xiangsheng, GAO Nanan, HAN Pengbin, LI Jie, REN Yongzhe, LIN Tongbao, WANG Zhiqiang, LIAN Yanhao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 18-25.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.003 Abstract （102）      PDF （1624KB）（102）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore the intercropping effect between common wheat and colored wheat，a field experiment was conducted. Common wheat monoculture（W）and colored wheat monoculture（H）were used as controls，and intercropping treatment between common wheat and colored wheat（W||H）was set up to investigate the effect of intercropping on the grain filling characteristics and yield of different genotypes of wheat. The results showed that，compared with monoculture treatment，the SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves of colored wheat of intercropping treatment significantly increased at 25 days after flowering，which further increased the accumulation of grain dry matter at 30—35 days after  flowering，and 1 000‑grain weight and grain weight per ear significantly increased by 4.9% and 15.2%，respectively；grain filling duration and effective filling duration of intercropping treatment increased by 1.90 d and 1.06 d for colored wheat，and decreased by 2.89 d and 1.08 d for common wheat，respectively.The total ear number and yield of intercropping treatment significantly increased by 8.5%and 15.1% compared with colored wheat monoculture treatment，and significantly decreased by 4.7%and 21.5% compared with common wheat monoculture treatment，respectively.The land equivalent ratio of intercropping treatment was 0.91.Correlation analysis showed that yield was positively correlated with theoretical maximum grain weight and effective filling duration，and the correlation coefficients were 0.891 and 0.920，respectively.Overall，intercropping between colored wheat and common wheat can improve photosynthetic and grain filling characteristics of colored wheat，which has intercropping advantages. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Contents Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (12): 0-.   Abstract （30）      PDF （37850KB）（102）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Integration of Multi‑Source Remote Sensing Data and Temporal Spectral Features of Growth Stages for Rice Planting Area Extraction ZHENG Zirui, ZHAO Huijie, WEI Panpan, FANG Peng, WANG Laigang, XU Shaobo Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (10): 153-161.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.10.016 Abstract （55）      PDF （8916KB）（101）       Knowledge map    Save To fast and effective extraction of rice spatial distribution information，this study proposed a simple and practical time‑series pixels frequency constraint model（TPFCM） based on the spectral variation pattern of rice development using optical and radar images during the growth period of rice.Firstly，the median synthesis method was used to synthesize Sentinel‑2，Landsat‑8，and Sentinel‑1 as monthly data，and the synthesized Sentinel‑2 and Landsat‑8 were fused to reduce the influence of cloud shadow on rice image pixels，and the feature spectral bands of the three fusion images were selected to calculate the normalized vegetation index（NDVI），enhanced vegetation index（EVI）and land surface water index（LSWI）to create monthly multi‑dimensional feature images.Secondly，the random forest classifier was used to initially extract the rice area within the five important development stages，and input into the TPFCM model to calculate the frequency of rice pixels within each stage in the growth period.Finally，the model was controlled to output the optimal rice spatial distribution information based on the pre‑extraction accuracy and area error threshold conditions.The results showed that the TPFCM model output -3.83% of rice planting area error，which was 3.94 percentage points less than that of single‑phase rice extraction area error by comparing the absolute values，and the correlation between the extracted area and statistical reference area was significant（ R 2=0.97）. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle（UAV）Remote Sensing in the Study of Potato Field Phenotype LI Min, GUO Leifeng, WANG Ruili Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 24-32.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.003 Abstract （86）      PDF （1295KB）（100）       Knowledge map    Save As one of the four major food crops in the world，potato plays a crucial role in ensuring global food security.Fast and accurate acquisition of potato phenotype information in large‑scale farmland is the basic guarantee for its refined management.By systematically expounding the composition and basic working principle of UAV remote sensing，this paper comprehensively combs and reviews the application status and progress of UAV remote sensing in potato field phenotype research，summarizes the existing shortcomings and prospects the future development direction，in order to provide theoretical supports and scientific references for the follow‑up in‑depth research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Contents Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (6): 0-.   Abstract （31）      PDF （40451KB）（100）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Yield and Quality of Japonica Rice with Good Taste in Southern Henan LEI Zhenshan, LI Meng, WEI Yunfei, LIU Qiuyuan, LIU Juan, WANG Fujuan, JI Xin Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (6): 12-21.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.06.002 Abstract （108）      PDF （1271KB）（98）       Knowledge map    Save In order to determine the suitable nitrogen fertilizer management method for japonica rice with good taste in southern Henan，the effects of different fertilizer management methods（T1：70% tiller fertilizer，T2：70% panicle fertilizer at third leaf to top，T3：70% panicle fertilizer at second leaf to top，T4：70% panicle fertilizer at first leaf to top，T5：30% tiller fertilizer+40% panicle fertilizer at third leaf to top，T6：30% tiller fertilizer+40% panicle fertilizer at second leaf to top，T7：30% tiller fertilizer+40% panicle fertilizer at first leaf to top）on yield and quality of japonica rice with good taste were studied under the conditions of 240 kg/ha nitrogen and 30% basal nitrogen fertilizer applied before transplanting with Nanjing 9108 as material.The results showed that，compared with the treatments without tiller fertilizer，application of tiller fertilizer could increase the number of effective panicles；topdressing panicle fertilizer was beneficial to the increase of percentage of productive tiller，grain number per panicle，proportion of high efficient leaf area and the SPAD value of high efficient leaf，which were higher in T5 treatment，and decreased the decay rate of leaf area and SPAD value of high efficient leaf，so as to increase the photosynthetic matter production in the later period.However，when the topdressing time of panicle fertilizer was delayed，the dry matter accumulation and grain yield showed a decreasing trend，and the grain yield of T5 treatment was the highest，which was significantly higher than the other treatments，followed by T6 treatment. For rice quality，topdressing panicle fertilizer and delay of panicle fertilizer were beneficial to the improvement of milling quality，but not conducive to the improvement of appearance quality and cooking quality.Among them，the chalky grain rate，chalkiness degree and protein content of T1 treatment were the lowest，followed by T5 treatment；the amylose content and taste value of T1 treatment were the highest，followed by T5 treatment.It is concluded that under the nitrogen application rate of 240 kg/ha，the suitable nitrogen fertilizer management method is 30% basal fertilizer+30% tiller fertilizer+40% panicle fertilizer at third leaf to top，which could improve the grain yield and give consideration to the rice quality，and is suitable for spreading and applying in southern Henan. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Succulent Plant Classification and Recognition Method Based on Contrastive Learning FENG Yuxin, LIANG Shaohua, TONG Hao Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (7): 154-162.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.07.016 Abstract （67）      PDF （3327KB）（98）       Knowledge map    Save In view of the large variety of succulents，the large intra⁃class differences and the small inter⁃class differences，as well as the difficulty of data collection，traditional classification algorithms cannot effectively solve the problem of succulent plant image classification.This paper proposed a contrastive learning based succulent plant image classification network CL_ConvNeXt.The network was based on ConvNeXt structure and introduced the idea of contrastive learning.A non⁃linear projection layer（Projection head）was added in the middle layer of the network as an auxiliary classifier to help the model extract features from the shallow network.In a batch，positive samples were constructed through data augmentation，and the remaining samples were considered as negative samples.The cross entropy loss function and the contrastive loss function were weighted to newly design loss function calculation method，which could achieve one⁃stage model training.Transfer learning was used during training to transfer the pre⁃trained weights to the model to improve the convergence speed of the model，and various strategies and parameters were optimized to further improve the recognition accuracy of the model.The experimental results showed that on the self⁃made 190⁃class succulent plant dataset，under the same training strategy and environment configuration，the recognition accuracy of the final model CL_ConvNeXt for succulent plant image classification reached 91.79%，which was 12.24 percentage points higher than that of the original ConvNeXt model structure，showing good effect on solving the problem of succulent plant image classification and recognition. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Yield Composition of Stem Lodging Resistance Related Traits of Maize under Different Densities LU Xiaomin, GUO Shulei, ZHANG Xin, WEI Liangming, ZHANG Qianjin, CAO Liru, LIU Haijing, DENG Yazhou, ZHANG Zhen, WANG Zhenhua Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 44-55.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.005 Abstract （96）      PDF （3820KB）（97）       Knowledge map    Save The yield composition of stem lodging resistance related traits of six maize varieties under different densities（52 500，67 500，82 500，97 500，112 500 plants/ha）was studied，the contribution rates of different stalk traits to yield were determined，and the stem structure characteristics of density‑tolerant varieties were analyzed，so as to provide theoretical basis for improving stem lodging resistance characteristics of maize and thus increasing planting density.The results showed that with the increase of density，the yield of different maize varieties increased first and then decreased，the puncture resistance，diameter of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes and plant height all decreased，and ear position coefficient and the length‑diameter ratio of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes all increased，but there was no consistent change pattern in ear position height，number of internodes under the ear and length of internodes under the ear. Compared with 52 500 plants/ha，the plant height under 67 500，82500，97 500 and 112 500 plants/ha decreased by 1.41%—5.65%，ear position coefficient increased by 2.07%—8.63%，average puncture resistance of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes decreased by4.25%—15.88%，average internode diameter of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes decreased by5.87%—14.27%，and average length‑diameter ratio of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes increased by 7.73%—30.51%.The results of correlation analysis showed that the puncture resistance of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes，length‑diameter ratio of the aboveground 3rd and 4th internodes，ear height，length of the aboveground 4th internode and density were significantly correlated with yield.The yield curve models of different maize varieties were established through the yield changes under different density conditions，the high‑yielding variety Qiule 368 was selected，and the optimal density of each variety was identified.Only Qiule 368 was both density tolerant and high‑yielding.The results of yield composition analysis of stem lodging resistance traits under different density conditions showed that the puncture resistance and the length‑diameter ratio of 3rd and 4th internodes were more important traits affecting yield；The sensitivity of the aboveground 3rd internode to density factors was weaker than the aboveground 4th internode；Under the condition of high density，the quality of the aboveground 4th internode had more important influence on yield. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Status and Progress of Fluorescent Labeling Technology in the Creation of Novel Agrocompounds WEN Ding, ZHANG Ya, LIU Shuangqing, WANG Chong, LIAO Xiaolan Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 1-13.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.001 Abstract （122）      PDF （1591KB）（90）       Knowledge map    Save Fluorescent labeling technology（FLT）is widely used in all aspects of the modern society,but its application in the field of agrocompound creation has rarely been reviewed. Based on the domestic and foreign literature on FLT in the field of agrocompound creation in the past 10 years，the kinds of fluorescent dyes in FLT was introduced，the application situation and progress of fluorescence probe technology and immunofluorescence technology in new agrocompound creation field were summarized，the limitations and deficiencies of FLT in the field of agrocompound creation were analyzed，and the development trend of FLT in the future was prospected. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Differentially Expressed bHLH Genes in Maize under Drought‑Rewatering Treatments XIE Xiaowen, ZHANG Xinyue, FU Jiaxu, SHAO Jing, WEN Pengfei, WANG Tongchao, WEI Li Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (9): 33-44.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.09.004 Abstract （1248）      PDF （5798KB）（90）       Knowledge map    Save In order to explore bHLH transcription factors related to drought resistance in maize（ Zea mays），differentially expressed bHLH genes were identified under drought‑rewatering treatment，and physicochemical characteristics，phylogenetic evolution，chromosome distribution，gene duplication，gene structure，conserved motif，cis‑elements in promoter region and gene expression were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 51 differentially expressed bHLH genes were identified in maize under drought‑rewatering treatment，the amino acid number，molecular weight and isoelectric point of 51 bHLH proteins ranged from 80 to 705 aa，21.26 to 92.17 ku，and 4.54 to 12.41，respectively.bHLH genes were divided into 16 subgroups，Ⅺ subgroup was the largest，containing 9 bHLH proteins；Ⅵ，Ⅷ，Ⅸ and ⅩⅢ subgroups were the smallest，containing 1 bHLH protein each. bHLH genes were distributed unevenly on 10 chromosomes，among which 7 pairs of genes had replication relationships.The number of exons varied greatly，9 bHLH genes contained 1 exon，27 bHLH genes contained 2—5 exons，and 15 bHLH genes contained 6 or more exons；Motif 1 and Motif 2 appeared more frequently in the conserved motifs of bHLH protein，followed by Motif 3 and Motif 5，with Motif 6 and Motif 9 appeared least frequently.The promoter region of bHLH genes contained many cis‑acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stress，such as ABRE，GARE‑motif，P‑box，AuxRR‑core，MBS，TGACG‑motif，CGTCA‑motif，TCA‑rich，TGA‑element and TCA‑element. Under drought‑rewatering treatment，51 bHLH genes exhibited different expression patterns，among them，14 genes such as ZmbHLH20，ZmbHLH25，ZmbHLH9，ZmbHLH137and ZmbHLH178 positively responded to drought stress，and 14 genes such as ZmbHLH58，ZmbHLH87， ZmbHLH36 and ZmbHLH106 negatively responded to drought stress，which were candidate genes for further study of drought response in maize bHLH family. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of Lasioderma serricorne in Tobacco Leaf Raw Materials Based on Improved YOLOv3 Algorithm ZHANG Weizheng, CHEN Saiyueyang, WANG Yanling, TIE Jinxin, DING Jia, LI Meng, LI Canlin, SU Xiaoke, GAN Yong Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (11): 157-166.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.11.017 Abstract （676）      PDF （10647KB）（90）       Knowledge map    Save In order to solve the problem of low efficiency and inaccuracy in manual recognition of tobacco beetles（ Lasioderma serricorne）in tobacco leaf raw materials，and achieve accurate and intelligent recognition of tobacco beetles，a tobacco beetle recognition model was proposed based on the improved YOLOv3 algorithm.Firstly，Random Mix data augmentation technology was used to expand the tobacco beetle dataset；By introducing the K⁃means++ algorithm to recluster anchor boxes，YOLOv3’s recognition ability for tobacco beetles was improved；SIoU Loss was used to improve the Loss function of YOLOv3 bounding box to improve the accuracy of model positioning and accelerate model convergence；Finally，a feature refinement module was added to filter conflict information and optimize the accuracy of the model in identifying small targets in the tobacco beetle dataset.The results showed that，the improved YOLOv3 network model achieved average detection accuracy，recall，F1 score，and mAP of 93.26%，88.25%，0.90，and 94.59% for tobacco beetles in the test set，respectively，increased by 12.21 percentage points，11.79 percentage points，0.12，and 12.40 percentage points compared to the existing YOLOv3 algorithm，providing support for the effective recognition of tobacco beetles. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Color Fruit Bags on Berry Russet and Quality of Shine Muscat Grape during Ripening LOU Yusui, SHANG Hongquan, FAN Hongjie, LI Zheng, ZHANG Ke, CUI Xiaoyue, LÜ Zhongwei Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (8): 105-114.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.012 Abstract （99）      PDF （2062KB）（90）       Knowledge map    Save The effects of different color fruit bags on berry russet and quality of Shine Muscat grape were studied to lay the foundation for selecting suitable fruit bags to produce high quality fruit.Ten‑year‑old Shine Muscat grapevines were used as materials.Five different color fruit bag treatments were set to compare the changes of berry russet rate and fruit quality during ripening.No bagging clusters were as the control.Results showed that the berry russet rate of Shine Muscat increased first and then stabilized with the process of fruit maturity.The berry russet rate reached a high level for the control，red bag，white bag，blue bag，green bag，and black bag at 97 d，107 d，107 d，107 d，122 d，and 107 d after full bloom，respectively. At this time，the berry russet rate was 19.47% for the control，12.48% for red bag，12.42% for white bag，9.62% for blue bag，7.59% for green bag，and 0.84% for black bag.The control and blue bag treatment had a higher peel brightness than other treatments，while the black bag had a lower peel brightness than other treatments.Berry weight of the control and treatments of white bag and blue bag reached the maximum at 107 d after full bloom，while berry weight of other treatments reached the maximum at 122 d after full bloom.The white bag had the highest berry weight at all，which was 15.57 g，followed by blue bag.The control and treatments of white bag and black bag had a higher berry firmness than other treatments，while the treatments of green bag and blue bag had a lower berry firmness than other treatments.The total soluble solids（TSS）content and TSS/titratable acid（TA）of the control and treatments of white bag，blue bag and red bag were higher than other treatments，and the TSS content reached 18% or above at 97 d after full bloom. The TSS content of the treatments of green bag and black bag reached 18% or above at 107 d after full bloom. In conclusion，the blue bag can be a good choice for producing high quality fruit，which could decrease berry russet rate significantly and has little effects on fruit quality. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Depth on Root Distribution，Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization and Yield of Foxtail Millet ZHU Cancan, FU Senjie, QIN Na, WANG Chunyi, DAI Shutao, SONG Yinghui, WEI Xin, LI Junxia Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences    2023, 52 (12): 22-30.   DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.12.003 Abstract （102）      PDF （1455KB）（85）       Knowledge map    Save In order to provide a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of phosphate fertilizer in foxtail millet production，a field experiment was conducted with four phosphate fertilizer application depths of 5 cm（P5），10 cm（P10），15 cm（P15）and 20 cm（P20）with no phosphate fertilizer application as control（CK），and the effects of phosphorus fertilizer application depth on root distribution，dry matter accumulation and transportation，nitrogen uptake and utilization，and yield of foxtail millet were studied.The results showed that suitable application depth of phosphate fertilizer promoted the growth of foxtail millet roots，and increased root length，root surface area and dry weight of root，showing a trend of P15>P10>P5>P20>CK. With the increase of phosphate fertilizer application depth，the root length，root surface area and dry weight of root of foxtail millet in deep soil increased，and the values showed P20>P15>P10>P5>CK in 20—40 cm soil layer. Suitable application depth of phosphate fertilizer could promote dry matter accumulation and transportation of foxtail millet. Compared with P5 treatment，the dry matter accumulations at maturity of P10，P15 and P20 treatments increased by 4.60%，10.29% and 0.92%，respectively，and the dry matter transfer rates increased by 6.49%，10.06% and -20.13%，respectively.Deep application of phosphate fertilizer increased the uptake and utilization of nitrogen by roots in deep soil.The available nitrogen content in deep soil，especially in the 20—40 cm soil layer，significantly decreased compared with P5 treatment. Compared with P5 treatment，the total nitrogen accumulations of P10，P15 and P20 treatments increased by 3.91%，17.85% and 5.31% at maturity，respectively；nitrogen absorption efficiencies increased by 5.88%，19.12% and 7.35%，and partial productivities of nitrogen increased by 18.95%，32.88% and -1.26%，respectively. Suitable application depth of phosphate fertilizer increased grain weight per spike，yield and harvest index，which all showed P15>P10>P5>P20>CK，the yields of P10 and P15 treatments increased by 18.98% and 32.86% compared with P5 treatment，respectively，and the yield of P20 treatment decreased by 1.27% compared with P5 treatment.In conclusion，15 cm is the optimal depth of phosphorus fertilizer application，which can promote the growth and down lapping of foxtail millet roots，improve the uptake and utilization of nitrogen by roots in soil，promote the accumulation and transportation of dry matter，and increase the yield by 32.86% compared with the shallow application of phosphorus fertilizer at 5 cm. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics