Abstract: To investigate the effects of rice husk biochar and corn straw biochar on the growth，quality，and soil nutrients of Huai chrysanthemum，three levels of rice husk biochar（150，300，450 kg/ha，numbered D1，D2，D3 in sequence）and three levels of corn straw biochar（300，450，600 kg/ha，numbered Y1，Y2，Y3 in sequence） were set up，with no application of rice husk biochar and corn straw biochar as a control（CK）.A total of seven treatments were conducted to study the effects of the two biochars on the agronomic traits，photosynthetic parameters，yield，medicinal components，soil available nutrients，and key enzyme activities of Huai chrysanthemum. The results showed that compared with CK，the application of two types of biochar significantly improved the plant height，maximum photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm），stomatal conductance（Gs），transpiration rate（Tr），and total yield of Huai chrysanthemum. Among them，D3 and Y3 treatments showed a higher increase in plant height，with an increase of 21.2% and 22.5% respectively compared to CK；the stem thickness of Y2 treatment was the largest，increasing by 13.49% compared to CK；the optimal number of branches was in D2，with an increase of 56.23%；Y3 showed the highest increase in net photosynthetic rate（Pn），Gs，and Tr compared to CK，with increases of 116.91%，307.21%，and 210.76%，respectively.The yield performance was better in D2，Y2，and Y3 treatments，with significant increases of 57.39%，53.19%，and 59.13% compared to CK，respectively. In terms of quality，the total flavonoids of all biochar treatments were significantly increased by 18.05%—55.86% compared to CK.There was no significant difference in chlorogenic acid and 3，5‑O‑dicaffeoylquinic acid between rice husk biochar group and CK，while the content of hesperidin was significantly reduced by 17.42%—23.87%.The chlorogenic acid and 3，5‑O‑dicaffeoylquinic acid treated with corn straw biochar increased by 9.27%—22.06% and 18.78%—28.45% respectively compared to CK. The content of hesperidin significantly increased with increasing application rate，with Y3 treatment showing a significant increase of 16.87% compared to CK.In terms of soil indicators，both types of biochar can significantly increase the content of soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen，available phosphorus，available potassium，as well as urease and sucrase activities overall.Among them，the content of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen，available phosphorus，and available potassium in soil treated with D3 and Y3 increased by 5.05%，9.06%，6.67% and 4.28%，6.68%，7.44% respectively compared to CK；the urease activity significantly increased by 228.41% and 321.59% compared to CK，respectively.The peak of sucrase activity appeared in D2 and Y2 treatments，which increased by 46.71% and 58.48% respectively compared to CK. In summary，D2，Y2，and Y3 treatments showed the pretty overall performance.The recommended amount of biochar for field cultivation of Huai chrysanthemum is 300 kg/ha of rice husk biochar or 450—600 kg/ha of corn straw biochar.

Key words: Huai chrysanthemum, Rice husk biochar, Corn straw biochar, Growth, Quality, Soil nutrients

摘要： 为探明稻壳炭与玉米秸秆炭对怀菊生长、品质及土壤养分的影响，以怀菊为研究对象，设置3个稻壳炭水平（150、300、450 kg/hm^²，依次编号D1、D2、D3），3个玉米秸秆炭水平（300、450、600 kg/hm^²，依次编号Y1、Y2、Y3），以不施稻壳炭与玉米秸秆炭为对照（CK），共7个处理开展田间试验，研究2种生物炭对怀菊农艺性状、光合参数、产量、药效成分及土壤速效养分、关键酶活性的影响。结果表明，相较于CK，施用2种生物炭均可显著提升怀菊株高、最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）与总产量。其中D3、Y3 处理株高较高，分别较CK 提升21.2%、22.5%；Y2 处理茎粗最大，较CK 提高13.49%；D2处理分枝数最优，增幅达56.23%；Y3处理净光合速率（Pn）、Gs、Tr提升幅度最高，依次较CK提高116.91%、307.21%、210.76%。产量表现以D2、Y2、Y3 处理较优，较CK 分别显著增产57.39%、53.19%、59.13%。品质方面，各生物炭处理总黄酮含量较CK显著提高18.05%~55.86%。稻壳炭组绿原酸、3，5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量与CK无显著差异，木犀草苷含量显著降低17.42%~23.87%；玉米秸秆炭处理的绿原酸、3，5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量分别较CK提高9.27%~22.06%、18.78%~28.45%，木犀草苷含量随施用量递增显著上升，其中Y3处理较CK显著提升16.87%。土壤指标方面，2种生物炭整体上均能显著提升土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量及脲酶、蔗糖酶活性。其中，D3与Y3处理土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别较CK提升5.05%、9.06%、6.67%与4.28%、6.68%、7.44%，脲酶活性分别较CK显著提高228.41%、321.59%；蔗糖酶活性峰值出现在D2、Y2处理，较CK分别提升46.71%、58.48%。综上，D2、Y2、Y3处理综合表现较优，怀菊大田栽培生物炭建议用量为稻壳炭 300 kg/hm^²或玉米秸秆炭450~600 kg/hm^²。

关键词: 怀菊, 稻壳炭, 玉米秸秆炭, 生长, 品质, 土壤养分