Abstract: To optimize the liquid spawn fermentation medium formula of Lentinula edodes，with PDA and CPDA media as the control groups，single⁃factor experiments were carried out at a rotating speed of 150 r/min.Five temperature gradients（10，15，20，25，30 ℃），five carbon sources（fructose，maltose，dextrin，brown sugar and white granulated sugar），five nitrogen sources（soybean flour，bran，peptone，yeast powder and NH4Cl），and five inorganic salts（MgSO₄，KH₂PO₄，NaCl，CaCl₂，MgCl₂）were set to screen the factor levels that promoted the fastest mycelial growth of Lentinula edodes.On this basis，concentration gradient experiments were conducted on the screened optimal carbon source，nitrogen source and inorganic salt to determine their optimal addition amounts.Furthermore，a response surface model of fermentation parameters was constructed for further optimization tests.The results of single⁃factor experiments showed that temperature，carbon source，nitrogen source and inorganic salt kinds and their concentration all significantly affected the mycelial biomass of Lentinula edodes，and the mycelial biomass increased first and then decreased with the rise of each factor level.The optimal culture temperature was 25 ℃，with a mycelial biomass of 2.733 g/L.Dextrin was selected as the optimal carbon source，and the maximum mycelial biomass of 6.156 g/L was obtained at the dextrin concentration of 30 g/L.Soybean meal was the optimal nitrogen source，with a peak mycelial biomass of 11.133 g/L at 20 g/L. CaCl ₂ was the best inorganic salt，with the maximum mycelial biomass of 5.044 g/L at the concentration of 3 g/L. Excessively high levels of each factor would inhibit mycelial growth and reduce mycelial biomass.The optimal medium formula for liquid spawn fermentation of Lentinula edodes obtained by response surface methodology was as follows：dextrin 28 g/L，soybean meal 22 g/L，and CaCl₂ 3 g/L. Under this formula，the measured mycelial biomass was 14.222 g/L，which was basically consistent with the model’s predicted value of 14.202 g/L，indicating that the optimized medium formula was effective and feasible.

Key words: Lentinula edodes, Liquid fermentation, Medium optimization, Response surface methodology, Mycelial growth rate, Mycelial biomass

摘要： 为了优化小香蕈液体菌种发酵培养基的配方，以基础培养基（PDA培养基和CPDA培养基）作为对照组，在转速150 r/min条件下开展单因素试验：设置5个温度（10、15、20、25、30 ℃）、5种碳源（果糖、麦芽糖、糊精、红糖、白砂糖）、5种氮源（黄豆粉、麸皮、蛋白胨、酵母粉、氯化铵）及5种无机盐（MgSO_₄、KH_₂PO_₄、NaCl、CaCl_₂、MgCl_₂），筛选促进小香蕈菌丝生长最快的因素水平；在此基础上，针对筛选出的最优碳源、氮源、无机盐设置不同质量浓度梯度，确定其最佳添加量，进而构建发酵参数响应面模型并开展优化试验。单因素试验结果显示，温度和碳源、氮源、无机盐种类及其质量浓度均显著影响小香蕈菌丝生物量，各因素下菌丝生物量均随水平升高呈先上升后下降趋势。菌丝最适培养温度为25 ℃，此时菌丝生物量为2.733 g/L。最佳碳源为糊精，在质量浓度为30 g/L时，菌丝生物量达峰值，为6.156 g/L；最佳氮源为黄豆粉，在质量浓度为20 g/L时，菌丝生物量达峰值，为11.133 g/L；最佳无机盐为CaCl₂，在质量浓度为3 g/L时，菌丝生物量达峰值，为5.044 g/L；超过适宜质量浓度后，继续提高各因素水平均会抑制菌丝生长，菌丝生物量有所降低。响应面法优化得到小香蕈液体菌种发酵最佳培养基配方为糊精28 g/L、黄豆粉22 g/L、CaCl_₂ 3 g/L。该配方下，菌丝生物量实际测量值为14.222 g/L，与模型预测值14.202 g/L基本相符，表明该培养基优化配方有效可行。

关键词: 小香蕈, 液体发酵, 培养基优化, 响应面法, 菌丝生长速度, 菌丝生物量