Abstract: To improve the usability of upper tobacco leaves，a field experiment was conducted in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture，Hunan Province，using flue‑cured tobacco cultivar Yunyan 87 as the test material. Based on conventional fertilization（CK），three treatments were established：additional application of carbon fertilizer（60 kg/ha carbon‑enriched organic water‑soluble fertilizer，T1），combined application of carbon fertilizer and 30 kg/ha Tanmu microbial inoculant（T2），and combined application of carbon fertilizer and 30 kg/ha anti‑continuous cropping agent （T3）. The study investigated the effects of these treatments on the growth，ripening tolerance，economic traits，appearance quality，physical characteristics，chemical composition，and sensory quality of the top six leaves after topping.The results showed that the upper tobacco leaves continued to grow and accumulate dry matter after topping. The leaf length，leaf width，and dry weight increased with the descending leaf position（from top to bottom），whereas their overall acceleration rates as well as the leaf SPAD values exhibited a gradually declining trend. Compared with CK，the T1，T2，and T3 treatments significantly enhanced the length，width，and dry weight of the upper leaves. Specifically，the treatments increased the ripening resistance index of upper leaves by 21.44%，27.44%，and 48.95%；leaf yield by 4.43%，20.21%，and 15.08%；output value by 9.60%，21.22%，and 22.40%；appearance quality index（AQI） by 1.74%，6.03%，and 12.03%；chemical component usability index（CCUI）by 3.80%，1.86%，and 4.28%；smoking quality index（SQI）by 8.24%，6.27%，and 8.91%；and comprehensive quality index（CQI） by 6.05%，3.15%，and 6.15%，respectively. Among them，the T3 treatment demonstrated the most outstanding comprehensive performance in terms of appearance quality，physical properties，chemical composition，and sensory quality，remarkably optimizing the ripening resistance index，yield，output value，and overall leaf quality.In conclusion，under the ecological conditions of the low‑altitude mountainous tobacco‑planting areas in Western Hunan，the combined application of carbon‑enriched organic water‑soluble fertilizer at 60 kg/ha and anti‑continuous cropping agent at 30 kg/ha is an effective strategy to promote the usability of upper tobacco leaves.

Key words: Flue?cured tobacco, Upper tobacco leaves, Carbon fertilizer, Microbial agent, Ripening resistance index, Economic traits, Tobacco leaf quality

摘要： 为提高上部烟叶的可用性，在湖南省湘西自治州，以云烟87为材料，在常规施肥（CK）基础上，设置增施碳肥（碳聚合有机水溶肥60 kg/hm^²，下同；T1）、增施碳肥+碳姆微生物菌剂30 kg/hm^²（T2）、增施碳肥+抗重茬剂30 kg/hm^²（T3） 3个处理，探究增施碳肥和微生物菌剂对打顶后上部6片烟叶生长、耐熟性、经济性状、外观质量、物理特性、化学成分及感官质量的影响。结果表明，打顶后烤烟上部叶片仍在生长和积累干物质，其叶长、叶宽和干质量随叶位（从上到下）增加而增加，但增速以及叶片SPAD值呈逐渐下降趋势。与CK相比，T1、T2、T3处理可增加上部烟叶的长度和宽度及干质量，使上部烟叶耐熟性指数提高21.44%、27.44%、48.95%，烟叶产量提高4.43%、20.21%、15.08%，烟叶产值提高9.60%、21.22%、22.40%，外观质量指数（AQI）提高1.74%、6.03%、12.03%，化学成分可用性指数（CCUI）提高3.80%、1.86%、4.28%，感官质量指数（SQI）提高8.24%、6.27%、8.91%，综合品质指数（CQI）提高6.05%、3.15%、6.15%。其中，T3处理可显著提高上部烟叶耐熟性指数、产量、产值和烟叶品质，在外观质量、物理特性、化学成分和感官质量方面综合表现最优。综上，在湘西低海拔山地烟区，增施碳聚合有机水溶肥60 kg/hm^²和抗重茬剂30 kg/hm²有利于提高上部烟叶可用性。

关键词: 烤烟, 上部烟叶, 碳肥, 微生物菌剂, 耐熟性指数, 经济性状, 烟叶品质