Abstract: To optimize the intercropping structure of tobacco and sweet potato，an experiment was conducted in Mianchi County，Sanmenxia City，Henan Province. Three treatments were set up，including tobacco monoculture（CY），tobacco and sweet potato planted in the same ridge（YS⁃T），and tobacco and sweet potato planted in separate ridges（YS⁃Y），to investigate the effects of the tobacco⁃sweet potato intercropping system on soil fertility，microbial community structure，and tobacco leaf quality.The results showed that compared with tobacco monoculture，the tobacco⁃sweet potato intercropping significantly altered the physicochemical properties and microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil.In particular，the YS⁃Y treatment significantly decreased soil pH and significantly increased the contents of organic matter，available phosphorus，and available potassium. Among soil microorganisms，the relative abundances of fungi such as Ascomycota and Basidiomycota，and bacteria such as Acidobacteriota and Actinomycetota increased，while the relative abundances of Chytridiomycota and Pseudomonadota decreased.The Shannon and Chao1 indices of rhizosphere fungi increased by 19.24%（p<0.05）and 7.85%（p>0.05），respectively，and the Shannon and Chao1 indices of rhizosphere bacteria increased significantly by 8.64% and 18.41%.After curing，the contents of total sugar，reducing sugar，and potassium in tobacco leaves were higher than those in the tobacco monoculture，increasing by 8.90%—15.52%，13.40%—13.68%，and 21.08%—25.35%，respectively，while total nitrogen，nicotine，and chlorine contents decreased.The contents of aroma compounds such as megastigmatrienone，neophytadiene，and β⁃dihydroactinidiolide increased，resulting in more balanced chemical composition in the tobacco leaves and improved sensory quality.In summary，tobacco⁃sweet potato intercropping，especially the YS⁃Y pattern，promotes soil nutrient cycling by optimizing the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere of flue⁃cured tobacco，thereby enhancing tobacco leaf quality.

Key words: Tobacco, Sweet potato, Intercropping, Soil microorganisms, Tobacco leaf quality

摘要： 为优化烟草与红薯的复合种植结构，在河南省三门峡市渑池县进行试验，设置烟草单作（CY）、烟草与红薯同垄种植（YS-T）及烟草与红薯异垄种植（YS-Y）3个处理，探究烟草与红薯复合种植模式对土壤肥力、微生物群落结构及烟叶质量的影响。结果表明，与烟草单作相比，烟薯复合种植显著改变了烟草根际土壤的理化性质和微生物群落结构，尤其是YS-Y处理，土壤pH值显著下降，有机质、速效磷、速效钾含量显著提高；土壤微生物中子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）等真菌以及酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）、放线菌门（Actinomycetota）等细菌的相对丰度增加，壶菌门（Chytridiomycota）、假单胞菌门（Pseudomonadota）等的相对丰度减少，根际土壤真菌Shannon指数和Chao1指数分别提高19.24%（p<0.05）和7.85%（p>0.05），根际土壤细菌Shannon指数和Chao1指数分别显著提高8.64%和18.41%；烤后烟叶总糖、还原糖和钾含量较烟草单作处理分别提高8.90%~15.52%、13.40%~13.68%、21.08%~25.35%，总氮、烟碱、氯含量降低；香气成分巨豆三烯酮、新植二烯、β-二氢大马酮等含量增加，烟叶化学成分更协调，感官品质提升。综上所述，烟薯复合种植尤其是烟薯异垄种植模式，通过优化烤烟根际土壤微生物群落结构促进土壤养分循环，进而提升烟叶品质。

关键词: 烟草, 红薯, 复合种植, 土壤微生物, 烟叶质量