Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

CONTENTS

2025, 54(1): 0.

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Creation and Phenotypic Analysis of TaGW2‑A1‑Overexpression Transgenic Wheat Germplasm

ZHANG Haoran, LIU Xiaoying, ZHOU Fenglong, XU Mingchen, GUO Zhengzheng, CHENG Jiayu, ZHANG Kunpu, WANG Daowen, SHI Cuilan

2025, 54(1): 1-8. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.001

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The expression vector of TaGW2‑A1 was constructed，and transformed into wheat；T₂ homozygous transgenic lines were identified and screened；the expression of TaGW2‑A1 gene of the homozygous transgenic line was analyzed by real‑time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot；subcellular localization analysis was performed by tobacco transient expression and cell component separation；the agronomic traits and quality traits of homozygous lines were analyzed，so as to lay foundation for further analysis of TaGW2 regulatory network，and provide gene resource for breeding new wheat varieties with high yield and quality.The results showed that the expression vector of TaGW2‑A1 gene was successfully constructed，positive transgenic plants were obtained，and homozygous transgenic lines were screened in T₂ generation.The transcription level of TaGW2‑A1 was significantly higher in leaves and grains of homozygous transgenic lines，but TaGW2‑A1 protein was detected only in grains.Subcellular localization results showed that TaGW2‑A1 protein mainly functioned in cytoplasm and nucleus. Phenotypic analysis results showed that TaGW2-A1 overexpression significantly reduced plant height，grain length，grain width，1 000‑grain weight and yield per plant，but had no significant effect on grain number per spike and grain protein content.

Evaluation of Adaptability of Dianmai 7 and Dianmai 12 and Detection of Stripe Rust Resistant Genes at Adult Plant Stage

JIANG Guofei, WANG Xuqin, ZHANG Lingyuan, BAI Yutao, ZHANG Ping, LIU Junna, LI Li, LI Hanxue, QIN Peng

2025, 54(1): 9-20. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.002

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Adaptability evaluations of Dianmai 7 and Dianmai 12 were conducted at seven experimental sites in Yunnan Province，including Lijiang（altitude of 2 240 m），Chuxiong（altitude of 1 773 m），Honghe（altitude of 1 672 m），Baoshan（altitude of 1 654 m），Kunming（altitude of 1 603 m），Yuxi（altitude of 1 507 m）and Lincang（altitude of 1 476 m），and the stripe rust resistantce genes（QYr. nwafu‑4BL，Yr5，Yr10，Yr15，Yr18，Yr26，Yr29，Yr39，Yr41，Yr65，Yr67，Yr78 and Yr80）were detected at adult plant stage，so as to provide theoretical references for the promotion of the layout of dominant regions of wheat and the breeding of cultivars with resistance to stripe rust in Yunnan Province.The results showed that the two wheat cultivars at the Honghe experimental site had high yields，and their growth period，plant height，population structure and stress resistance all performed well；Dianmai 7 exhibited superior agronomic traits compared with Dianmai 12. Detection of stripe rust resistant genes of the two cultivars at adult plant stage revealed that Dianmai 7 carried two resistance genes，including Yr78+QYr. nwafu‑4BL，and Dianmai 12 carried four resistance genes，including Yr5+Yr65+Yr67+QYr. nwafu‑4BL. In conclusion，the agronomic traits of the Honghe test site are superior，and Dianmai 7 performs better than Dianmai 12，which is suitable for popularization and planting in Yunnan Province；the two cultivars show higher resistance to stripe rust at adult plant stage，and their resistance is partly determined by the additive effect of resistance genes.

Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Physiological Mechanism of Maize Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Line C01

LIU Xinyi, LIAO Zhijie, LÜ Dan, MO Jiamei, JIA Wei, LUO Hongbing

2025, 54(1): 21-27. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.003

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In order to reveal the physiological mechanism of maize cytoplasmic male sterility，the agronomic traits and pollen morphology of cytoplasmic male sterility line C01 and maintainer line T01 were investigated，and the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD）and catalase（CAT）and the contents of malondialdehyde（MDA），soluble sugar，soluble protein and free proline in leaves were measured at seedling stage（V1），jointing stage（V6），11 leaves stage（V11），tasseling stage（VT），pollen dispersing stage（R1）and seed formation stage（R2），respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in agronomic traits between the sterile line C01 and the maintainer line T01，but there was significant difference in anther morphology. The anthers of T01 were full and normally dehiscent，light yellow，and there were pollens；the anthers of C01 were shriveled，non‑dehiscent，tender green，the length and cross‑sectional diameter of the anthers were significantly lower than those of T01，and there was no pollen.From V1 to VT，the soluble sugar content in C01 leaves was significantly lower than that in T01；Except for VT，the soluble protein content in C01 leaves was significantly lower than that in T01；The content of free proline in C01 leaves was significantly lower than that in T01 at VT and R1；At all growth stages，the SOD activity in C01 leaves was significantly lower than that in T01，there was no significant difference in POD activity，and the CAT activity was significantly lower than that in T01 at V11 and VT；There was no significant difference in MDA content.It is inferred that the synthesis and transport pathways of soluble sugar，soluble protein and free proline of C01 may be blocked，and the insufficient energy supply may lead to low CAT and SOD activity，which in turn leads to male sterility of C01.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Nutritional Quality of Foxtail Millet Based on Principal Component Analysis and Membership Function Method

ZHANG Aiqin, GUO Bin, LIU Lilong, LI Xuhua, WANG Qing, XU Rui, ZHANG Huan

2025, 54(1): 28-39. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.004

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In order to explore the characteristics of nutritional content of different foxtail millet varieties from Longzhong area in Gansu Province，establish a standard evaluation system of nutritional quality and screen the foxtail millet varieties with excellent nutritional quality，10 foxtail millet varieties from Longzhong area(Huining County，Baiyin City)in Gansu Province were used as materials，19 nutritional quality indexes including basic nutrients(moisture，ash，carbohydrate，protein，crude fat，starch，amylose，amylopectin contents and amylose/amylopectin)，functional nutrients(flavone，total phenol，crude polysaccharide contents)and mineral elements(Zn，Mn，Cu，Fe，Ca，Mg，Se contents)were measured，and principal component analysis and membership function methods were used to evaluate the nutritional quality of foxtail millet. The results showed that there was significant difference in the contents of 18 nutritional components excluding moisture content from 10 foxtail millet varieties，with variation coefficients ranging from 1.58% to 103.46%，which indicated that there was great difference in the individual nutritional quality index among different foxtail millet varieties. Protein，amylose，polysaccharide，Mg，Se and Zn contents were determined as core indexes for the evaluation of nutritional quality of foxtail millet by principal component analysis，correlation analysis and cluster analysis. The nutritional quality evaluation model was established by principal component analysis，and the top three foxtail millet varieties were M‑8(Longgu 23)，M‑10(Longgu 029)and M‑9(Longgu 032)based on the comprehensive score of nutritional quality，consistent with the results of the membership function evaluation，which indicated that these three varieties had better nutritional quality.Ten foxtail millet varieties could be divided into three categories by cluster analysis，and class Ⅱ included M‑8 and M‑9，whose comprehensive nutritional quality performed better.

Genome‑wide Association Analysis of Wild Soybean Seedling Traits and Screening of Candidate Cadmium‑tolerant Genes

CHE Yali, WU Sujun, WANG Kunyang, WANG Yanli, ZHANG Kai, QIAO Yake, YUAN Quan

2025, 54(1): 40-54. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.005

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Wild soybean is a close relative of cultivated soybean，which has abundant resistance alleles. In order to screen cadmium‑tolerant wild soybean germplasm resources and analyze its molecular mechanism of cadmium‑tolerance，205 wild soybean lines from eastern Hebei Province were selected as research materials.A hydroponic experiment was conducted to set up cadmium stress and control(without cadmium stress)with two environmental replicates in November 2022 and July 2023. The shoot fresh weight(SFW)，root fresh weight(RFW)，plant height(PH)，root length(RL)were determined，and root shoot ratio(RSR)of fresh weight，cadmium tolerance coefficient(CTC)corresponding to each trait and cadmium tolerance evaluation value(D value)of each wild soybean strain were calculated. At the same time，genome‑wide association analysis(GWAS) was carried out，and then haplotype analysis was performed on significant single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)on chromosome 15.The results showed that the average value of seedlings traits under cadmium stress were lower than those of the control except for RSR. The results of frequency analysis showed that the CTC in the two environments showed normal distribution and genetic characteristics of quantitative traits. According to D value，13 cadmium‑tolerant wild soybean germplasms were screened out. Principal component analysis(PCA)showed that 205 wild soybean lines could be divided into three groups. Linkage disequilibrium(LD)analysis showed that 205 wild soybean natural populations decayed at 100 kb.A total of 195 SNPs significantly associated with cadmium tolerance in wild soybean were detected by GWAS analysis，and a single SNP could explain 1.95% to 25.43% of the phenotypic variation.A total of 591 candidate genes were identified according to the physical location of SNPs，of which 11 candidate genes were repeatedly associated with multiple SNPs，which belonged to pleiotropic effects. More importantly，genes of two metal‑tolerant proteins(MTPs)and two heavy metal‑associated isoprenylated plant proteins(HIPPs)were identified according to functional annotations.They were LOC114386540(MTP 10‑like)，LOC114388453(MTP 10‑like)，LOC114369981(HIPP 36‑like)and LOC114381753(HIPP 37‑like)，laying a foundation for elucidation of the molecular mechanism of the inheritance of cadmium tolerance in wild soybean. Haplotype analysis showed that the average CTC of haplotype 2 on chromosome 15 was the largest，which belonged to the excellent haplotype. This results provide information for analyzing the genetic mechanism of cadmium tolerance in wild soybean and provide important genetic resources for cultivating cadmium‑tolerant soybean varieties.

Genetic Diversity Analysis and Fingerprint Construction of Henan Origanum vulgare and Its Related Species Origanum majorana by SRAP Markers

TIAN Huixin, YU Chan, YANG Fan, SU Ya’nan, WANG Xiaodong, ZHOU Yan, LI Hemin, HUANG Yong, LIANG Yan, XIA Zhi

2025, 54(1): 55-65. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.006

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This study explored the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Origanum vulgare and its relative species Origanum majorana distributed in different regions of Henan Province，to provide a reference for the protection and development of O. vulgare and O.majorana germplasm resources.Using the sequence‑related amplified polymorphism(SRAP)molecular marker method，7 wild populations of O.vulgare and 1 cultivated population，as well as 1 cultivated population of O.majorana，totaling 77 germplasm resources of 9 populations，were selected for genetic diversity analysis and construction of a DNA fingerprint map. The results indicated that 9 pairs of primers amplified a total of 98 bands，with 94 polymorphic bands，representing a polymorphism rate of 95. 92%；on average，each pair of primers amplified 10. 89 bands. The number of alleles(Na)was 1.959 2，the effective number of alleles(Ne)was 1. 419 5，Nei gene diversity index(H)was 0.263 2，and Shannon’s index(I)was 0.411 9.The UPGMA phylogenetic cluster diagram constructed based on SRAP molecular marker data showed that the genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.66 to 0.95.When the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.66，O.vulgare and O.majorana were divided into two separate branches. At a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.75，O.vulgare from different regions were divided into five branches. In summary，SRAP molecular markers can effectively distinguish between O.vulgare and O.majorana，and the genetic diversity of O.vulgare populations in Nanyang，Henan Province，is higher than that in other areas. Five pairs of SRAP primers（Me1/em6、Me1/em11、Me3/em4、Me3/em11、Me5/em3）are selected to construct DNA fingerprint maps for both O.vulgare and O.majorana germplasms.

Effects of Different Irrigation and Fertilization Rates on the Growth，Yield and Quality of Fennel

QI Tiancheng, LI Yinghai, LI Yangyang

2025, 54(1): 66-75. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.007

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In order to explore the effects of different irrigation and fertilization rates on the growth and development，yield composition and quality of fennel，three irrigation quotas（1 800，3 000，4 200 m³/ha），three irrigation times（2，3，4 times）and three fertilization levels（270，450，630 kg/ha）were set.Orthogonal experiment was used to design 9 treatments to determine the growth，production and commodity indexes of fennel. The influences of the three factors on fennel growth，yield and quality were studied by range and variance analysis.The principal component analysis was used to select representative principal components and the membership function method was used to comprehensively evaluate the 9 treatments.The results showed that there were significant differences in the growth characters，yield composition and quality of fennel under different treatments.The influencing order of the three factors was irrigation quota>irrigation times>fertilization amount.There was a certain correlation between different indexes，and the correlation coefficient between the number of flowers and the yield per plant was 0.99. The top three treatments from high to low according to the comprehensive evaluation values were treatment 9（4 200 m³/ha，4 times，450 kg/ha），treatment 3（1 800m³/ha，4 times，630 kg/ha）and treatment 6（3 000 m³/ha，4 times，270 kg/ha）. The yield of treatment 9 was 3 728.25 kg/ha，53.98% significantly higher than that of treatment 1（1 800 m³/ha，2 times，270 kg/ha），and the comprehensive evaluation value reached 0.837.The content of essential oil in treatment 3 was the highest，being 43.70 g/kg；The plant height of treatment 6 was the highest，being 131.53 cm. In conclusion，the optimal irrigation and fertilization mode for fennel in Ningxia is irrigation quota of 4 200 m³/ha，irrigation time of 4 times（once in growth period，twice in flowering period and once in fruit setting period），fertilizer application amount of 450 kg/ha（once in growth period and once in flowering period）.

Soil Fertility Assessment of Alisma orientale in Sichuan Based on Minimum Data Set

YANG Kefang, LI Ruirong, JIN Mengzhen, WU Lingmei, ZHOU Jixin, ZHANG Yayu

2025, 54(1): 76-89. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.008

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In order to establish a scientific evaluation system of soil fertility in Sichuan Province and provide a reference for soil nutrient management of Alisma orientale，159 soil and Alisma orientale samples were collected from 53 planting bases of Alisma orientale，and the physical and chemical properties of soil and the effective components of Alisma orientale were determined.The minimum data set was constructed by principal component analysis to comprehensively evaluate the soil fertility in this area.The result showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the six principal components with eigenvalues ≥ 1 in the principal component analysis of soil fertility evaluation indexes was 82.803%，which could represent the information of most soil fertility evaluation indexes.The minimum data set wascomposed of soil pH value，total nitrogen，available phosphorus，total iron，total manganese and total zinc，and 68.42% of the information redundancy was removed. Based on the minimum data set，the soil quality index of Alisma orientale in Sichuan ranged from 0.26 to 0.82，with an average of 0.49，and 78% of the soil fertility at the sampling points was at a medium to high level.The soil quality indexes of the minimum data set in Jiajiang County，Wutongqiao District，Dongpo District and Pengshan County were 0.529，0.526，0.388 and 0.603，respectively. There were significant differences in soil fertility among the four regions，but the low variation intensity of soil fertility in each region was suitable for the growth of Alisma orientale.The soil fertility results of the soil quality evaluation models based on the total data set and the minimum data set were similar，and the two were significantly positively correlated and the change trend was consistent（R²=0.899），which showed that the minimum data set had a good coverage effect on the soil fertility of Alisma orientale，and could characterize the soil fertility status of Alisma orientale.The obstacle degree of soil quality evaluation factors of Alisma orientale in Sichuan was between 0.03 and 0.08，and the Nash effective coefficient was 0.673，indicating that there were mild obstacle factors in the soil，and the accuracy of soil fertility evaluation based on the minimum data set was high.In summary，the soil quality evaluation system constructed by the minimum data set can represent the total data set for comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility in the main producing areas of Alisma orientale. In production，the soil pH value should be appropriately increased，nitrogen fertilizer and micro‑fertilizer should be applied reasonably，and appropriate tillage management measures should be taken to improve the soil fertility of Alisma orientale and promote the growth and quality of Alisma orientale.

Effects of Different Types of Surface Mulching on Soil Environment and Growth of Forage Crop in Ningxia Dry Farming Area

LI Kai, LUO Shiwu, WANG Zhan, YANG Junxue, WANG Yong, WANG Fei, ZHANG Jiantong

2025, 54(1): 90-100. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.009

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To investigate the soil environment and growth characteristics of feed crops under different types of surface mulching，feed corn（C）and feed sorghum（S）were used as materials. Three types of mulching materials，namely permeable plastic film（1），ordinary plastic film（2），and biodegradable plastic film（3），were used for planting. The growth characteristics，biological yield，soil temperature and humidity，nutrients，and enzyme activity of the two crops were measured. The results showed that the plant height and SPAD values of C3 and S3 treatments were lower than those of other treatments.The fresh grass yield of C1 and C2 treatments significantly increased by 23.01% and 26.56% respectively compared to C3 treatment，while the fresh grass yield of S1 and S2 treatments significantly increased by 18.61% and 24.70% respectively compared to S3 treatment. Compared with other treatments，both C3 and S3 treatments generally reduced soil moisture content and temperature. The organic matter and alkaline nitrogen content in C1 and C2 treatments were significantly increased by 14.19%，14.62%，17.64%，and 19.86%，respectively，compared to C3 treatment. The organic matter and alkaline nitrogen content in S1 and S2 treatments were significantly increased by 13.08%，9.63%，38.19%，and 36.32%，respectively，compared to S3 treatment. The activity of soil catalase and sucrase showed the order of C2>C1>C3 and S1>S2>S3，and both C2 and S1 treatments were significantly higher than other treatments. In summary，ordinary plastic film is suitable for planting feed corn in arid areas of Ningxia，while permeable plastic film is suitable for planting feed sorghum.

Study on Antifungal Activity and Nano‑selenization Application of Paenilbacillus polymyxa

YUAN Lianlian, LIU Tianbo, LI Xiaodong, DENG Zhengyu, TENG Kai, SHEN Lili, JIAO Yubing, WANG Yingwen, YANG Jinguang, LI Ying

2025, 54(1): 101-108. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.010

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In order to screen the microorganisms with good control effect for the control of crop fungal diseases，the disease resistance and nano‑selenization of Paenobacillus polymyxa KZJ‑1 were studied.The results showed that KZJ‑1 bacteriological solution had good inhibition effect on Colletotrichum micotianaeThanatephorus cucumeris，Thielaviopsis basicola and Phytophthora parasitica，with inhibition rates of 49.78%，53.64%，46.42% and 58.85%，respectively.In addition，the strain KZJ‑1 could biosynthesize nano‑selenium，and the active solution of nano‑selenium with different concentrations had a good inhibitory effect on Phytophthora parasitica，and the inhibitory effect was enhanced with the increase of the concentration of sodium selenite added.At the same time，the pot experiment results showed that KZJ‑1 and its nano‑selenium active bacterial solution could effectively prevent and control tobacco black shank disease and promote the growth of tobacco plants.The disease index of tobacco black shank disease treated with nano‑selenium active bacterial solution was the lowest after 7 days of irrigation，and the control effect reached 90.23%，and the control effect decreased slightly to 83.32% after 14 days，both of which were significantly higher than that of the control.The growth rate of plant height，maximum leaf length and maximum leaf width were 16.21%，31.74% and 33.61%，respectively.It can be seen that the biosynthesis of nano‑selenium by strain KZJ‑1 enhanced the disease resistance and growth promotion ability of the original strain，and had certain practical application value in production.

Predation Ability and Preference of Arma chinensis against Helicoverpa armigera Larvae

CHEN Junhua, LI Feifan, DU Yueqing, XIE Jiaxin, ZHANG Qiaoqiao, WANG Chenxu, GUO Shibao

2025, 54(1): 109-118. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.011

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To explore the biological control potential of Arma chinensis on Helicoverpa armigera larvae，we measured the predatory functional responses and search effects of 3rd—4th instar A.chinensis nymphs and female adults on 2nd—4th instar H.armigera larvae under controlled indoor conditions.We also investigated the intraspecific interference effects of 5th instar A.chinensis nymphs，as well as male and female adults，on predation of 2nd instar H.armigera，along with the predation preferences of female A.chinensis adults for 3rd instar H.armigera larvae versus Tenebrio molitor pupae. The results indicated that both nymphs of the 3rd and 4th instars and female adults were capable of preying on 2nd—4th instar H.armigera，with their predatory response conforming to Holling’s type Ⅱ model.The control efficiency across different developmental stages of A.chinensis was ranked as follows：female adults>4th instar nymphs>3rd instar nymphs.Notably，the amount preyed upon by individuals of the same age decreased as prey age increased，with maximum daily predation rates recorded at 36.778 for female adults，28.351 for 4th instar nymphs，and 26.938 for 3rd instar nymphs targeting 2nd instar H.armigera，which demonstrated that female adults exhibited the highest predation capacity against these larvae.Furthermore，our findings revealed that search efficiency improved as prey density decreased，while intraspecific interference among A.chinensis was influenced by their own density in the following order：5th instar nymphs>male adults>female adults. Regarding predation preference，when both T.molitor pupae and 3rd instar H.armigera larvae were present，A.chinensis showed a stronger inclination to prey on the pupae.These insights provide a valuable foundation for future research into indoor propagation strategies for enhancing the biological control capabilities of A.chinensis.

Analysis on the Preservation Effect of Melatonin on Cut Chrysanthemum

TIAN Yunfang, CHU Zhigang, CHEN Lipei, HE Yixin, LIU Xiaojuan, FAN Chunli

2025, 54(1): 119-127. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.012

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In order to improve the storage and transportation resistance of cut chrysanthemum，fresh cut flowers of Youxiang were soaked in distilled water，basic vase solution（30 g/kg sucrose+250 mg/L 8‑hydroxyquinoline+200 mg/L citric acid），melatonin solution（20 μmol/L） and basic+melatonin compound solution（20 μmol/L melatonin+basic vase solution） to explore the preservation effect of melatonin on cut chrysanthemum. Based on the previous results of fresh‑keeping effect，three kinds of cut chrysanthemum Youxiang，Huangxiao and Baizhou were used as experimental materials，and three treatments were set up，light group（light 16 h/dark 8 h，distilled water），dark stress group（light 0 h/dark 24 h，distilled water）and dark relief group（light 0 h/dark 24 h，20 μmol/L melatonin），to study the alleviation effect of melatonin on leaf yellowing and senescence under dark stress. The results showed that，exogenous melatonin obviously delayed the flower diameter opening，improved water balance value and pigment content of cut chrysanthemum Youxiang，slowed down the change rate of fresh quality of cut flowers，enhanced the activities of SOD（superoxide dismutase）and POD（peroxidase），increased the content of soluble protein and decreased the relative electrical conductivity.Compared with the control，compound solution had the best preservation effect on Youxiang cut flowers（After 7 days of treatment，the average flower diameter was 7.11 cm，which was the smallest，and the flowers could continue to bloom），followed by 20 μmol/L melatonin and basic vase solution. For dark treatment，melatonin treatment increased the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid in three cut chrysanthemum leaves under dark stress，delayed the degradation rate of soluble protein，and decreased the relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content. On the 7th day of storage，the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content of cut chrysanthemum in dark relief group decreased the most compared with that in dark stress group，with Youxiang decreased by 13.76% and 12.12%，Huangxiao by 17.35% and 12.47%，and Baizhou by 10.64% and 13.28%，all reaching significant levels（P<0.05）. 20 μmol/L melatonin could alleviate the dark stress in cut chrysanthemum leaves. It is concluded that melatonin can decrease the content of MDA by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in cut chrysanthemum，so as to alleviate the dark stress and prolong the green period of leaves，which provides theoretical basis for the application of melatonin in long‑distance transportation of cut chrysanthemum.

Effects of Different Plant Growth Regulators on the Fruit Quality of Ilex verticillata

LIU Jiaqi, ZOU Yiping, YIN Yawen, HAO Mingzhuo

2025, 54(1): 128-135. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.013

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To investigate the regulatory effects of different plant growth regulator treatments on the fruit quality of Ilex verticillata ‘Oosterwijk’，2‑year‑old potted seedlings were utilized as materials.Prohexadione‑calcium and mepiquat chloride were mixed in varying concentrations，and their effects were compared with different concentrations of uniconazole and paclobutrazol，along with a control group treated with water.Spraying was conducted on the entire leaf surface during the first fruit enlargement period and ripening stage after fruit setting，followed by sampling upon maturity. Morphological indicators such as fruit length，width，single fruit weight，and moisture content were measured，along with peel chromaticity and fruit hardness. Additionally，pigment contents including chlorophyll，carotenoid，anthocyanin，along with flavonoid content，soluble sugar content，and vitamin C content were determined，for conducting inter‑indicator correlation analyses. The effects of each treatment were analyzed using the membership function method. Results indicated that the fruit shape index after treatment with various agents exceeded that of the control，suggesting a trend towards regular and plump fruit shape. The highest single fruit weight was observed under T4 treatment（5% uniconazole 3.30 g/L），with an average of 0.44 g.The treatment with the highest average moisture content was T3（5% prohexadione‑calcium 0.67 g/L+98% mepiquat chloride 0.30 g/L），with a content of 65.73%. All treatments enhanced fruit brightness and color saturation，with the highest L^*and a^* values observed under T5 treatment（5% uniconazole 2.00 g/L）treatment.However，there was no significant difference in b^* values among treatments.The highest carotenoid content was recorded under T1 treatment（5% prohexadione‑calcium 2.00 g/L+98% mepiquat chloride 1.00 g/L），at 0.022 mg/g. Treatment T5 showed a significant increase in anthocyanin content compared to the control，reaching 190.57 μg/g. The total flavonoid content of I.verticillata‘Oosterwijk’fruits showed an initial increase followed by a decrease with increasing spray concentration of the agents，with the highest soluble sugar content observed under T2 treatment（5% prohexadione‑calcium 1.30 g/L+98% mepiquat chloride 0.67 g/L）.The highest vitamin C content was observed under T3 treatment，with an increase of 38.34% compared to the control group.The rankings of membership function values for each treatment group were T5>T2=T7>T3>T4>T6>T1>CK，indicating that spraying twice with 5% uniconazole at 2.00 g/L during fruit enlargement and ripening stages resulted in the optimal fruit quality.

Studies on Pollen Viability and Storage Characteristics of Yuluxiang Pear Hybrid Progeny

HUANG Ping, YANG Ce, PENG Jianying, ZHANG Yuxing

2025, 54(1): 136-143. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.014

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This study explored the variation characteristics of pollen fertility and pollen storage characteristics in pear hybrid progeny，to provide a basis for production application and theoretical research. The pollens from 20 strains of each hybrid progeny of Yuluxiang×Shinseiki and Yuluxiang×Xianghongli crosses were used as test materials.The fertility of the pollens was determined by determining the germination rate of different strains by in vitro culture，and the pollens of 3‑4，7‑9，6‑17，10‑4 and 6‑3 strains were stored at −20 ℃ to observe the change of vigour during storage. The results showed that the pollen germination rates of 15 out of 20 strains of the Yuluxiang×Shinseiki cross progeny differed to different degrees of significance，and there were 5 sterile strains.The pollen viability of 7 out of 20 strains of Yuluxiang×Xianghongli cross progeny had different degrees of significant differences，and there were 13 sterile strains. Pollen viability after 13 months of storage was not significantly different from fresh pollen for 17 strains in the two cross combinations，while fresh pollen and pollen stored for 13 months were significantly different for 3 strains，with decreases of 34.91% for strain 10‑173，55.48% for strain 3‑4 and 100% for strain 2‑13.The results of pollen viability dynamics of five strains of 3‑4，7‑9，6‑17，10‑4 and 6‑3 stored at -20℃ showed that the pollen viability of 7‑9，6‑17 and 6‑3 increased and then decreased with the prolongation of storage time，while the pollen viability of 3‑4 showed no significant change in the first three months，and then began to decrease.Among the five strains，the pollen germination rate of 6‑3，10‑4，6‑17，and 7‑9 did not decrease compared with that of fresh pollen after 13 months of storage，while that of 3‑4 was less than 50% of that of fresh pollen.There are significant differences in pollen viability to varying degrees and different proportions of sterile strains in the progeny of both the Yuluxiang×Shinseiki and Yuluxiang×Xianghongli crosses；the pollen viability of the progeny of the former combination is significantly higher than that of the latter combination，and the proportion of sterile strains is significantly lower than that of the latter combination. -20℃ low temperature condition is suitable for pear pollen storage for one year，and the pollen viability after storage can meet the pollination requirements.

Evolution,Target Genes Prediction and Expression Analysis of Let‑7 Family in Koi Carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)

LI Hong, TIAN Yueyao, CUI Kaiming, QIN Nan, FAN Daosheng, TIAN Xue, ZHU Wenjin

2025, 54(1): 144-152. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.015

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In order to explore the evolutionary characteristics of let‑7 family and the functions of let‑7 family in color formation of koi carp and teleost，the precursor sequences of all members of let‑7 family were aligned in koi carp，the phylogenetic tree of let‑7 family was constructed，the expression level of let‑7 family at different coloration stages of koi carp was studied，the target genes of let‑7j in koi carp were predicted by TargetScan and miRWalk，and the enrichment analysis of genetic characteristics and metabolic pathways of these target genes were conducted. The results showed that the let‑7 family of koi carp was more conserved among fish species，and the 5' end of the precursor sequences was higher conserved than the 3' end.The expression level of let‑7 family exhibited incremental trend during the four developmental stages of koi carp coloration，and the highest expression level was at 47 days post hatching (dph).The 571 target genes of let‑7j were both predicted in both software.Then，the 571 candidate genes were enriched in 10 GO terms associated with color formation，including pigmentation，developmental pigmentation，pigment cell differentiation，melanocyte differentiation，cellular pigmentation，melanosome transport，pigment granule transport，pigment metabolic process，establishment of melanosome localization and melanosome localization；enriched in KEGG pathway related to color formation，primarily including Wnt signaling pathway,ErbB signaling pathway and melanogenesis pathway. Multiple genes associated with chromatophores differentiation and migration were identified in GO and KEGG pathway，including ltk,pmel,plin6,kitlga and pax7a. Overall,let‑7 family is highly conserved during fish evolution，and may target many chromatophores differentiation‑related genes to be involved in red color formation in koi carp.

Isolation，Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Test of Aeromonas caviae from Common Carp（Cyprinus carpio）

ZHANG Chao, LÜ Jun

2025, 54(1): 153-159. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.016

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The research was conducted to clarify the etiology of common carp fingerlings death in a aquaculture farm in Wanzhou District，Chongqing，and provide references for the prevention and treatment of the disease.The pathogen was identified by separation and purification，physiological and biochemical tests，16S rDNA and cpn60 gene detection，phylogenetic analysis，and animal regression infection test.Antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out by disk diffusion method.The results showed that one dominant bacterium strain WZ2302 was isolated from the liver，kidney and spleen of the diseased fingerlings.The isolate was Gram‑negative，rod‑shaped and both ends were obtuse.The surface of the colony was smooth，with light yellow and semi transparent. The bacteria had motility.The oxidase，arginine dihydrolase，catalase，and indole tests were positive. Glucose（producing acid but no gas），sucrose，esculin，arabinose，mannitol，and salicin could be fermented. 16S rDNA and cpn60 gene sequences had the highest homology with Aeromonas caviae，reaching 99% and 98% respectively.The artificial infection symptoms performed similarity to the clinical case. The results of antibiotic susceptibility test showed that the bacteria were sensitive to 13 antibacterial drugs such as enrofloxacin，florfenicol，and ofloxacin；moderately sensitive to ciprofloxacin，streptomycin，and ciprofloxacin；resistant to penicillin，cefalotin，ampicillin and cefoperazone.In summary，the pathogen causing common carp fingerlings death was Aeromonas caviae，and enrofloxacin or florfenicol can be used to prevent and treat
the disease.

Analysis of Potential Suitable Areas Variation of Cercis glabra under Different Climate Scenarios Based on MaxEnt Model

ZHANG Yucui, YAN Caixia, ZHAO Lin, TAN Jianghong, WANG Cheng, YUAN Liang

2025, 54(1): 160-169. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.017

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In order to provide scientific basis for protection，introduction and transplantation of Cercis glabra，the dominant environmental factors which affected the geographical distribution of Cercis glabra and the variation trend of potential suitable areas of Cercis glabra in modern and future periods were researched. Based on the 329 distribution records of Cercis glabra in China，3 topographic variables，19 climate variables in modern times and future climate scenarios of low greenhouse gas emissions（ssp126），moderate greenhouse gas emissions（ssp245），high greenhouse gas emissions（ssp585）in the shared socio‑economic pathway（SSP），the dominant environmental factors which affected the geographical distribution of Cercis glabra were analyzed，and then the distribution，area，spatial pattern change，centroid migration trend of potential suitable areas of Cercis glabra were predicted by MaxEnt model and ArcGIS software in modern times and future climate scenarios. The results showed that the most important environmental factors were min temperature of coldest month（Bio6），annual precipitation（Bio12）and mean diurnal range（Bio2）for the distribution of potential suitable areas of Cercis glabra，the optimal ranges were -5.5—5.0 ℃，less than 1 750 mm，7.1—9.8 ℃ respectively. The total potential suitable area of Cercis glabra was 231. 46×10⁴ km² in modern times，and mainly distributed in middle‑south of East China，most areas of Central China，middle‑north of South China，east of Southwest and Northwest China，and the high，moderate，low suitable areas accounted for 24. 66%，35. 21% and 40.13% respectively. In different periods in future climate scenarios，the spatial distributions of suitable areas are similar to modern times，but the total suitable areas are more than modern times，in the climate scenarios of ssp126，ssp245，ssp585，the total potential suitable areas will increase by 0. 49%，5.02%，4.64% in 2050s（2041—2060），and increase by 2.93%，4.47%，5.45% in 2070s（2061—2080）；Under the climate scenarios of ssp245 and ssp585，the newly increased rates of the suitable areas are 0.88‑1.82 percentage points higher than those in the same period of ssp126 in 2050s and 2070s，while the lost rates are comparable or slightly smaller；Generally，the newly increased rate is 4.80%—6.71%，and the lost rate is 3.37%—4.65%，it is mainly reflected in the increase of the moderate suitable areas and the decrease of the high suitable areas；The potential suitable areas of Cercis glabra will migrate northward slightly as a whole，and the migration distances are less than 1 latitude；While its distribution center will move to northwest or southwest less than 300 km，then transfer to the border region in the south of Chongqing，north of Guizhou Province，southeast of Sichuan Province，and the meridional movements are more than latitudinal movements significantly，meanwhile，the movement distances in 2070s are less than 2050s. It showes that in the future，the meridional changes of climate environment are more than latitudinal changes，and the migration distances of the distribution centers will show a reducing trend over time；Under the climate with moderate and high greenhouse gas emissions，the climate environment will be more conducive to expansion of the suitable areas of Cercis glabra.

Optimization of the Preparation Process and Characterization of the Performance of Tobacco Straw‑based Activated Carbon

HUANG Shijie, FANG Zhihui, ZHOU Yun, LIANG Miao, LI Ruili, ZHANG Jiahui, CHEN Zhiyan, ZHANG Junsong

2025, 54(1): 170-180. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.01.018

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In order to understand the preparation process of tobacco straw‑based activated carbon and its effect on the pore structure，taking the tobacco straw as the carbon source，and the structure and morphology of tobacco straw‑based activated carbon were characterized by BET surface area detection method，scanning electron microscope（SEM），X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）using specific surface area，total pore volume and microporosity as the investigated indexes. The results showed that the surface morphology and pore structure of activated carbons prepared with different activators differed considerably，and the types of functional groups were basically the same，but the content and proportion varied.Activation temperature had a greater influence on surface area and total pore volume，while the main factor influencing microporosity was activation time. The optimum process conditions were obtained：KOH as activator，material ratio（tobacco straw∶activator，mass ratio）of 1∶2，impregnation time of 12 h，activation temperature of 800 ℃，activation time of 60 min. The specific surface area of the optimum tobacco straw‑based activated carbon prepared was 1 980. 91 m²/g，the total pore volume was 1. 215 1 cm³/g，and the microporosity was 66. 66%. Adsorption of β‑phenylethanol by optimal tobacco straw‑based activated carbon reached 101. 49%，and the desorption rate was 35. 78% at 35 d. The pore structure of the tobacco straw‑based activated carbon prepared under the optimal conditions is well developed，with a rich variety of functional groups and good adsorption performance，which provides theoretical support for the multi‑purpose utilization of tobacco straw waste and the preparation of high‑performance tobacco straw‑based activated carbon.

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