Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

CONTENTS

2024, 53(10): 0.

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Research Progress on the Impact of Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Respiration

ZHU Leyang, ZHANG Xizhe, TAO Jiang, WANG Xiu, HAN Yanying, YE Yanhui

2024, 53(10): 1-11. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.001

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Nitrogen deposition，as a critical ecological factor in the soil ecosystem，significantly affects the structure and function of ecosystems.To systematically elucidate the impact of nitrogen deposition on soil respiration，the effects of nitrogen deposition on soil root respiration，soil microorganism respiration，soil animal respiration and chemical oxidation of soil carbon⁃containing minerals were reviewed，and the specific effects of different nitrogen deposition gradients on soil respiration were analyzed.In order to provide a theoretical reference for subsequent in⁃depth monitoring and research of soil respiration and related life activities，the future research directions in the field of soil respiration were prospected.

Research Progress in Genome and Diagnostic Methods of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

ZHANG Yuyang

2024, 53(10): 12-20. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.002

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Porcine epidemic diarrhea(PED)caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)is an acute,highly contagious,enteric disease of pigs with high morbidity and mortality,thereby bringing huge economic losses to the pig industry all over the world.A better understanding of PEDV’s genome and function is key to developing an effective and safe vaccine. By understanding PEDV’s genomic structure,the proteins it encodes,and its interactions with host cells,researchers can design more targeted vaccine candidates.Advances in PED diagnostic technology are essential for early diagnosis and monitoring and evaluation of post⁃immune response.In this review,we summarized the latest progress of PEDV genome structure and function including S,E,M,N,accessory proteins and non⁃structural proteins,serology and molecular diagnostic methods,such as enzyme⁃linked immunosorbent assay,polymerase chain reaction,ring⁃mediated isothermal amplification,viral neutralization and indirect immunofluorescence assays,immunochromatographic tests,fluorescent microsphere immunoassays,sequence assays and clustered regularly inter spaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)⁃Cas,in order to provide ideas for establishing rapid and effective PEDV detection methods,and provide reference for effective prevention and control of PED in practice.

Cytology Research of Spontaneous Doubling of Maize Haploid

ZHANG Lihua, LIU Xiaoman, MA Miaomiao, LI Xingxing, ZHANG Qifan, ZHENG Binrui, LIU Zonghua, SONG Yunyun, LI Haochuan

2024, 53(10): 21-27. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.003

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The diploid RL36 with high spontaneous doubling ability and its haploid H⁃RL36 and the haploid H⁃L119A with low spontaneous doubling ability were used as materials,the pollen viability and anther morphology were observed,the cell ploidy of vegetative and reproductive organs at different development stages were detected,and simultaneously the chromosome behavior during meiosis process was observed,so as to explore the causes of spontaneous doubling of haploid to produce fertile gametes,analyze the underlying cytology mechanisms,and provide theoretical support for biological research related to spontaneous doubling of haploid.The results showed that the high spontaneous doubling haploid H⁃RL36 had round，full and fertile pollen grains and normal anther tissue,while the low spontaneous doubling haploid H⁃L119A had sterile pollens with irregular morphology and wrinkled anther tissue.The ploidy detection results showed that the chromosome number in the leaves of the two haploid materials did not double at different growth stages,and there were diploid cells and a few tetraploid cells in the tassel of H⁃RL36 at trumpet stage,while the H⁃L119A cells did not show diploidization.4,6⁃diamidino⁃2⁃phenylindole(DAPI)staining was used to observe the chromosome segregation behavior of pollen mother cells,it was found that the chromosomes of most cells in H⁃RL36 showed segregation distortion and moved to one pole at anaphase of first meiosis,and then underwent normal second meiosis to produce gametes with normal chromosome number,thus producing fertile pollens.In contrast,the chromosome of H⁃L119A cells eventually degenerated,leading to sterile gametes with abnormal chromosome number.The segregation distortion of chromosomes during meiosis can lead to spontaneous doubling of haploids,and the doubling of haploid germ cells and somatic cells is two independent processes.

Effects of Seeding Methods on Population Photosynthetic Characteristics，Nitrogen Accumulation and Transport and Yield of Winter Wheat

LIU Linye, WANG Zhuangzhuang, GU Fengxu, DUAN Jianzhao, WANG Yonghua

2024, 53(10): 28-36. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.004

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The winter wheat double⁃width and double⁃pressure strip seeder developed by College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering of Henan Agricultural University was introduced,and three sowing methods,namely conventional equal row space mechanical strip seeding(CS),wide⁃width mechanical strip seeding(WS)and double⁃width and double⁃pressure strip seeding(DDS),were set up to study the effects of different sowing methods on population photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen accumulation and transport and yield of winter wheat.The aim of this study was to define the suitable sowing method for wheat field with the clay tidal soil in southeastern Henan Province,and provide theoretical basis and technical support for the improvement of winter wheat sowing quality and the high yield and efficient production of agricultural machinery and agronomic integration in this area.The results showed that compared with CS treatment,WS and DDS treatments increased leaf area index,chlorophyll content,population photosynthetic rate after booting,nitrogen translocation amount before anthesis,nitrogen accumulation after anthesis,and significantly increased panicle number,grain number per spike and yield,especially DDS treatment,with an average increase of 6.94% and 12.68% in 2 years for WS and DDS treatments,respectively.In conclusion,WS and DDS treatments can effectively improve the population photosynthetic performance of winter wheat,promote nitrogen accumulation and transport,and achieve increase of yield.DDS treatment is the best,and can be used as a suitable sowing method for winter wheat in the moist soil region of southeast Henan Province.

Effects of Rice⁃Turtle⁃Trionyx⁃Fish Comprehensive Planting and Breeding Model on Diseases，Insect Pests，Weeds，Rice Yield and Quality

ZHANG Qin, CHEN Can, HUANG Huang, XU Meng, SHEN Le, ZHANG Yin

2024, 53(10): 37-47. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.005

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Four treatments were set up,which were rice⁃turtle⁃Trionyx⁃fish comprehensive planting and breeding(DGBY),rice⁃turtle⁃fish comprehensive planting and breeding(DGY),rice monoculture(DCK)and rice ecological blank planting(DCK0).The effects of different comprehensive planting and breeding modes on the control of diseases,pests and weeds in paddy fields and rice yield and quality were studied,so as to promote the quality and efficiency of rice⁃fish comprehensive planting and breeding productivity.The results showed that compared with DCK0 treatment,DGBY and DGY treatments had control effects on rice sheath blight,rice blast and rice false smut.Among them,the control effect on rice sheath blight was the best,but the control effect was significantly lower than that of DCK treatment,which was 15.36% and 13.19%respectively.The control effects of DGBY and DGY treatments on the 5th generation of rice planthopper were better，and the number of insects decreased by 56.79% and 48.85% compared with DCK0 treatment，and decreased by 32.29% and 16.95% compared with DCKtreatment,respectively;Followed by the 3rd generation of Chilo suppressalis,the number of insects decreased by 39.29% and 33.93% compared with DCK0 treatment,and decreased by 15.00% and 7.50% compared with DCK treatment,respectively.At fifty days after the animals were stocked,the control effects of DGBY treatment on weed density and dry weight were 38.38% and 40.15%,respectively,and those of DGY treatment were 32.99% and 35.39%,respectively,which were not significantly different from those of DCK treatment.Except that the actual rice yield of DCK treatment was significantly higher than that of DCK0 treatment,there was no significant difference among other treatments.The milled rice rate of DGBY and DGY treatments were extremely significantly higher than that of DCK0 treatment,and the chalky grain rate and chalkiness were lower than those of DCK treatment,so DGBY and DGY treatments had the effect of improving rice quality.In summary，the rice⁃turtle⁃Trionyx⁃fish and rice⁃turtle⁃fish comprehensive planting and breeding models can reduce the harm of diseases,insects pests and weeds to a certain extent,achieve stable yield and improved quality,and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Comparative Analysis of Chromosome Sets Characteristics of Sesame Cultivated Species and Wild Species Based on FISH and GISH Technologies

MA Qin, ZHAO Ruihong, JU Ming, CHEN Chengbin, DUAN Yinghui, YANG Weifei, MIAO Hongmei, ZHANG Haiyang,

2024, 53(10): 48-53. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.006

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To reveal the evolutionary characteristics of Sesamum,explore the genome structure revolution and species evolution,and promote the development and utilization of wild resources,the cultivated species S.indicum(var.Yuzhi 11)and the 2n=26 type wild species S.alatum(var.3651)were used as experimental materials,fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)and genome fluorescence in situ hybridization(GISH)techniques were used to analyze the chromosome sets characteristics of sesame cultivated species and wild species.The results showed that both the cultivated species Yuzhi 11 and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651)were 2n=2x=26 karyotype;the rDNA⁃FISH hybridization results indicated that in the 13 pairs of chromosomes of the cultivated species Yuzhi 11,3 pairs of chromosomes(the 7th,8th and 9th pairs)had 45S rDNA⁃specific signals at the short arm tips,which were displayed as satellite specific chromosome.At the same time,2 pairs of chromosomes(the 5th and 11th pairs)had 5S rDNA⁃specific signals on the short arms,with the 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA signals located on different chromosomes. In the wild species S.alatum(var.3651),2 pairs of chromosomes(the 4th and 7th pairs)carried 45S rDNA hybridization signals and 1 pair of chromosome(the 4th pair)carried 5S rDNA specific signals,with the 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA signals located on the same chromosome but at different positions.This indicated that there were significant differences in chromosome characteristics between the cultivated species and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651).The GISH hybridization results showed that when using the genomic DNA of the cultivated species Yuzhi 11 and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651)as probes for self⁃hybridization,each chromosome carried hybridization signals of varying strengths,while hybridization with the other’s chromosomes showed very few hybridization signals.The cultivated species and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651)have the same number of chromosomes,but there are clear differences in the quantity,distribution of rDNA,and GISH signal sites,indicating that the 2n=26 type cultivated species and wild species have distant phylogenetic relationship.

Analysis of Grafting Effect of Low Nicotine Flue⁃cured Tobacco Varieties and Eggplant and Its Influence on Nicotine Synthesis on Grafting Surface

BAI Yafan, ZHANG Mengyue, LI Yan, ZHAO Yuanyuan, SHI Sujuan, SHI Hongzhi

2024, 53(10): 54-62. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.007

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Reducing the nicotine content of tobacco leaves to a level below the threshold of addiction is a measure proposed by the World Health Organization to reduce people’s dependence on tobacco,but the nicotine content of existing low⁃nicotine varieties can not meet the preliminary standards proposed by the World Health Organization.This study explored the effect and feasibility of grafting low nicotine varieties with eggplant to reduce nicotine content,the key genes of nicotine synthesis on grafting surface were identified by PCR,and the sources of trace alkaloids in grafted tobacco leaves and their responses to varieties with different nicotine content were analyzed.The results showed that the nicotine content in middle leaves of flue⁃cured tobacco leaves of imported low⁃nicotine variety NC926 and domestic low⁃nicotine variety LAK326(CD⁃01)was 0.251 3% and 0.272 0% respectively. After grafting NC926 with eggplant,the nicotine content in fresh tobacco leaves and middle leaves of flue⁃cured tobacco leaves decreased to 0.039 5% and 0.046 0% respectively.After grafting LAK326 with eggplant,the nicotine content in fresh tobacco leaves and flue⁃cured tobacco leaves decreased to 0.037 0% and 0.039 4% respectively,which was close to or lower than the standard of 0.4 mg/g set by the World Health Organization. By comparing the expression of the key genes NtPMT1,NtPMT2,NtQPT2,NtBBLa,NtA622 of nicotine synthesis on the grafted surface of conventional high nicotine varieties and low nicotine varieties with those on the stem surface of non⁃grafted tobacco,it was found that the key genes of nicotine synthesis in the stem surface of high nicotine and low nicotine varieties were significantly up⁃regulated in different degrees after grafting,indicating that grafting measures could induce the ability of nicotine synthesis in the grafted part.It was speculated that the trace nicotine in grafted tobacco came from stem section.Moreover,varieties with different nicotine synthesis ability had different responses to grafting,and the expression of key genes of nicotine synthesis in low nicotine varieties was lower than that in high nicotine varieties.To sum up,compared with conventional high nicotine varieties grafted with eggplant,the combination of low nicotine varieties and eggplant grafting technology can further reduce the nicotine content of tobacco leaves,and the cured tobacco leaves can be close to or lower than the nicotine content limit standard set by the World Health Organization.

Evaluation and Analysis of the Main Phenotypic Traits of 86 Peanut Germplasm Resources

YU Mu, HU Yanling, YANG Haitang

2024, 53(10): 63-72. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.008

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In order to study the diversity of peanut germplasm resources and explore the application potential of excellent peanut germplasm resources,the coefficient of variation,Shannon diversity index,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to identify 22 agronomic traits and analyze genetic diversity of 86 peanut germplasm resources.The results showed that the genetic diversity of peanut germplasm resources was rich,with the diversity index of 12 quality traits ranging from 0.15 to 1.08 and the coefficient of variation of 10 quantitative traits ranging from 1.71% to 29.25%,and there was genetic correlation among the phenotypic characters.Using Euclidean distance as genetic distance,86 peanut germplasm resources could be grouped into four groups.Among them group Ⅳ had the characteristics of strong seed dormancy，strong waterlogging resistance,short growth period，high pod yield,and rust resistance,etc.,which could be used as excellent parents of high⁃yield peanut.The cumulative contribution rate of the first eight principal components was 69. 382%.According to the information load in the principal component，growth period,100⁃pod weight,100⁃seed weight,kernel percent,main stem height,length of the 1st lateral branch could be used as the main evaluation index of peanut germplasm resources.The comprehensive score(F value)of peanut germplasm resources ranged from −1.05 to 0.89.Based on the sorting of comprehensive scores,five excellent peanut germplasm resource materials with F value>0.7 were selected,namely 201610,Puhua 82,201710,Fengshun 9616 and Jinonghua 33.

Establishment of Callus Induction and Regeneration System of Cyperus esculentus

ZHU Yajing, ZHANG Xiangge, XU Xinran, HU Haiyan, CHENG Shan, CHEN Chen, LI Chunxin, SONG Wanxian, SONG Wenxu, WANG Huiwei

2024, 53(10): 73-81. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.009

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In order to establish an efficient callus induction and regeneration system of Cyperus esculentus,the explants（young root,young leaf,young leaf sheath and tillering node)for callus induction were screened,and the effects of different plant growth regulator combinations on callus induction,proliferation and differentiation were explored.The results showed that the best explant for callus induction of Cyperus esculentus was tillering node;the optimal plant growth regulator combination for callus induction was 2.5 mg/L 2,4⁃D+0.6 mg/L 6⁃BA+0.6 mg/L NAA+0.9 mg/L ZT,and the induction rate could reach 65.58%;the optimal plant growth regulator combination for callus proliferation was 0.5 mg/L 2,4⁃D+0.9 mg/L 6⁃BA+1.2 mg/L NAA+1.2 mg/L ZT,and the proliferation rate could reach 68.12%;the optimal plant growth regulator combination for callus differentiation was 0.9 mg/L 6⁃BA+0.6 mg/L NAA,and the differentiation rate could reach 66.67%.In this study,the best explants suitable for callus induction of Cyperus esculentus were screened,and the conditions of callus induction,proliferation and differentiation of Cyperus esculentus were optimized,which could lay a foundation for the subsequent research and breeding application of biotechnology such as somatic hybridization and genetic transformation of Cyperus esculentus.

Composition Analysis of Leaves and Latex of Euphorbia maculata L.Based on Non⁃Targeted Metabolomics

MA Liang, ZHOU Yan, GAO Qi, HUANG Yong, XIA Zhi, LI Hemin

2024, 53(10): 82-95. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.010

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To compare the difference of active ingredients in the leaves and latex of Euphorbia maculata L.,relevant metabolite data were collected by liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer(LC⁃MS),and the chemical ingredients of the leaves and latex of Euphorbia maculata L.were analyzed based on non⁃targeted metabolomics.Principal component analysis,multivariate statistical analysis,and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were used to identify differential metabolites.The pharmacological activities of major metabolites in leaves and latex were compared by literature search.The results showed that a total of 1 229 metabolites were identified in the leaves and latex of Euphorbia maculata L.,mainly includingalkaloids(217),phenylpropanoids and their derivatives(178),lipids(147),terpenes(137),flavonoids(113)and other compounds. 859 differential metabolites were screened through multivariate statistical analysis,of which 466 metabolites were highly expressed in latex.Among them,14 metabolites,including 3⁃dehydroshikimic acid(phenolic acid),sorbicacid(terpene),protocatechuic acid(phenolic acid),cinnamaldehyde(phenylpropanoid and its derivatives),hesperidin(flavonoid),ligustrolacton(terpene),α⁃asarone(phenylpropanoid and its derivatives),salicylic acid(phenolic acid),D⁃camphor(terpene),Linarin(flavonoid),trans⁃ferulic acid(phenylpropanoid and its derivatives),curcumin(phenolic acid),ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid(lipid),β⁃caryophyllene(terpene),etc.,were reported in Euphorbia maculata L.for the first time detected in latex.The expression levels of flavonoids in the leaves were significantly higher than those in the latex;The expression levels of ethyl gallate,ethyl protocatechuate and trans⁃ferulic acid in latex were significantly higher than those in leaves,with trans⁃ferulic acid expressing 57.74 times more in latex than in leaves.In conclusionthere is a significant difference in the metabolite content between the leaves and the latex of Euphorbia maculata L.

Effects of Extracellular Polysaccharides on Seed Germination，Seedling Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Schizonepeta tenuifolia under Salt Stress

TANG Qian, WANG Jiali, LI Wenqiang

2024, 53(10): 96-105. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.011

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In order to improve the planting efficiency of Schizonepeta tenuifolia in saline soil,the effects of extracellular polysaccharides from Lactobacillus plantarum on seed germination and seedling growth under salt stress were explored，and the specific mechanism was analyzed from the physiological characteristics of seedling roots.Six treatments were set up:blank control group(CK1),salt stress control group(CK2),50 mg/kg extracellular polysaccharide group(T1),100 mg/kg extracellular polysaccharide group(T2),200 mg/kg extracellular polysaccharide group(T3),and 400 mg/kg extracellular polysaccharide group(T4).The results showed that extracellular polysaccharides significantly promoted the seed germination and seedling growth of Schizonepeta tenuifolia.Among them,the effect of adding 200 mg/kg extracellular polysaccharide(T3)was the most significant.Compared with CK2,the seed germination rate，germination potential,germination index and vigor index were significantly increased by 76.13%,144.16%,137.45% and 265.28%,respectively.The plant height,stem diameter,nderground dry weight and aboveground dry weight of seedlings were significantly increased by 60.49%,14.73%,40.08% and 85.39%,respectively.The contents of proline,soluble protein and soluble sugar were increased by 21.02%，84.56% and 40.02%,respectively.The content of Na+ was decreased by 54.63%,the K+ content was increased by 95. 24%，and the Na+/K+ value decreased by 76.76%.The root electrolyte leakage rate and malondialdehyde（MDA） content decreased by 44.54% and 43.24%,respectively,and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and peroxidase(POD)increased by 30.39%,34.59% and 24.31%,respectively.In summary,the extracellular polysaccharides of Lactobacillus plantarum can improve the salt resistance of seedlings through root osmotic regulation and activation of antioxidant enzyme defense system,thereby promoting seed germination and seedling growth of Schizonepeta tenuifolia.

Effects of Adding Biochar and Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria on Wheat Yield and Soil Environment under Mine Wastewater Irrigation

JIN Suna, ZHOU Wenfeng, WU Zhong

2024, 53(10): 106-116. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.012

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Using the new wheat line of China Agricultural University,Nongda 136,as the experimental object,a pot planting method was used to study the effects of adding 5%,0%,15% biochar and various concentrations of biochar+plant growth promoting bacteria(PGPB) to soil under mine wastewater irrigation on wheat yield and soil environment.The results showed that compared with ordinary well water irrigation,soil enzyme activity was weakened and microbial carbon and nitrogen content was reduced under mine wastewater irrigation;The vitality of wheat root system decreased,with the highest performance at the jointing stage,followed by the flowering stage,and the lowest at the heading stage;The plant height,single stem dry matter weight,actual yield and biomass yield of wheat at different growth stages showed a decreasing trend.However,adding various concentrations of biomass charcoal and PGPB treatment was beneficial for improving soil environment,promoting wheat growth and yield increase.Compared with the control treatment,the soil catalase,sucrase,polyphenol oxidase,acid phosphatase,and dehydrogenase activities increased by 90.6%,37.5%,60.3%,55.7%,and 69.2% respectively when treated with 10% biomass charcoal+PGPB under mine wastewater irrigation;The soil pH value,total nitrogen,and available potassium content increased by 11.1%,185.4% and 63.9%,respectively;The soil microbial biomass nitrogen content reached 139.1 mg/kg and microbial biomass carbon content reached 253.4 mg/kg during the wheat heading stage treated with 10% biomass charcoal+PGPB;The biological yield and actual yield of mature wheat increased by 24.4% and 24.0%,respectively.In summary,the addition of different concentrations of biomass charcoal and PGPB treatment can improve soil enzyme activity,microbial carbon and nitrogen content under mine wastewater irrigation,significantly improve soil physicochemical properties，increase relative chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and root vitality of wheat at different growth stages,increase plant height,single stem dry weight and yield at maturity.Among them,the best yield increase effect is achieved under the treatment of 10% biomass charcoal+PGPB.

Combination of Bacillus velezensis EA19 and Carbendazim to Control Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat

WANG Wenxiao, LIU Meiling, QUE Yawei, ZHENG Lei, ZHANG Qiang, YU Dazhao, YANG Lijun, GONG Shuangjun, ZENG Fansong, LI Li

2024, 53(10): 117-126. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.013

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In order to determine the controlling efficacy of Bacillus velezensis EA19 combined with chemical agents on Fusarium head blight（FHB），the optimal combination ratio was determined by the mycelium growth rate method，plate colony counting method and Horsfall method，and then verified by detached wheat spikes inoculation tests and field trials.The results showed that the inhibition rates of spray powder and freeze⁃dried powder of EA19 fermentation broth on the mycelial growth of Fusarium graminearum and F.asiaticum at different concentration were 22.53%—93.96%,and the EC₅₀ values were in the range of 5. 794 4—10. 916 4 cfu/mL.The strain EA19 had good biocompatibility with 25—100 μg/mL carbendazim，but not with 25—100 μg/mL prochloraz and tebuconazole.When carbendazim was combined with spray powder or freeze⁃dried powder of EA19 at the volume ratio of 6∶4,7∶3 and 8∶2,the co⁃toxicity to F.graminearum and F.asiaticum was the highest,and the greatest toxicity ratio was 1.15—1.36 in these ratios.The control efficacy on FHB of detached wheat spikes by the combination of carbendazim and two types of EA19 powder with a concentration of EC₅₀ in different volume ratios was 47.91%—73.50%.In field trials,when treated with the combination of EA19 freeze⁃dried powder with 30% reduced carbendazim，the control efficacy(53.76%),deoxynivalenol toxin content in wheat grains(0.50 mg/kg),and theoretical wheat yield(5 994.35 kg/ha)were not significantly different from those treated with full dosage of carbendazim.In conclusion,B.velezensis EA19 and carbendazim have synergistic effect in the control of FHB，and their combination can reduce the dosage of carbendazim.

Investigation and Analysis of the Glossiness of Fruit and Its Quality of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv.‘Lingwuchangzao’

LI Yunmao, LU Hui, LI Xiang, FENG Xuerui, MA Chong, ZHANG Yue, CAO Bing

2024, 53(10): 127-137. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.014

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To explore the quality differences and its influencing factors of Lingwuchangzao different glossiness fruit[high glossiness fruit(S fruit)surface is flat and smooth，fruit shape is typical of long oval,with appearance of good quality;Low glossiness fruit(R fruit)surface is uneven,fruit shape for the top of the fruit is sharply convex or concave,with appearance of poor quality],taking 7 Lingwuchangzao plantations in Lingwu City,Ningxia as the object of investigation,the investigation recorded the tree age,seedling type,jujube hanging thickness,jujube hanging length and other indexes,and collected different glossy fruits(S,R fruits)as the experimental materials,determined its glossiness,single fruit quality,fruit transverse and longitudinal diameter,etc.,and the soluble solids,soluble sugar,vitamin C(Vc),titratable acid content and other intrinsic quality indexes of the fruits and carried out the comparison and correlation analysis.The results showed that different plantations had Lingwuchangzao fruits with different glossiness(S and R fruits),and the ratio of R fruits had a tendency to decrease with the increase of the age of the trees；the glossiness of S fruits was 1.56 times larger than that of R fruits.And single fruit quality,fruit longitudinal and transverse diameter,fruit shape index,fruit skin thickness,pulp thickness,nuclear longitudinal and transverse diameter,single nucleus quality,fruit hardness were all very significantly smaller than R fruits.S fruits had a lower vitamin C content,sugar⁃acid ratio,and solid⁃acid ratio than R fruits.However，there were no significant differences in soluble solids,soluble sugar,titratable acid,anthocyanoside content,and other indexes between the two types of fruits.There was a significant correlation between the ratios of S and R fruits in Lingwuchangzao plantations and various factors such as seedling type,tree age,jujube hanging thickness,leaf chlorophyll content,and others.In summary,Lingwuchangzao plantations have different glossiness fruit(both S fruit and R fruit).The quality of different glossiness fruit has its own advantages and disadvantages:S fruit has the advantages of good appearance quality,normal fruit shape,sweet and sour taste;R fruit has the
advantages of large fruit size,high vitamin C content,good for storage and transportation.

Regulation of Plant Growth⁃Promoting Bacteria and Exogenous 2，4⁃Epibrassinolide on Photosynthetic Physiology and Ion Transport of Rose Seedlings under Salt Stress

ZHOU Shifeng, QIN Renqiang

2024, 53(10): 138-148. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.015

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Using the rose variety Basino seedlings as experimental materials,an indoor potted experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of root zone application of 2,4⁃epibrassinolide(EBR,1 μmol/L),inoculation with plant growth⁃promoting bacteria(PGPB)Providencia vermicola(1×10⁷ cfu/mL),as well as their combined treatments,on the growth,photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,ion transport,and antioxidant system of rose seedlings under different salt concentrations(0,0.3%,0.6%,and 0.9%)stress,to explore the mechanisms by which both alleviate salt stress in roses.The results showed that under different concentrations of salt stress,the growth of rose seedlings was inhibited,and plant height,leaf thickness,aboveground and root biomass significantly decreased.The application of EBR or PGPB could alleviate the growth inhibition of roses.Under 0.9% salt treatment,compared with the control(CK,no EBR,no PGPB)treatment,the EBR+PGPB treatment increased chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b by 13.1% and 32.3%,respectively.The maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm)of PS Ⅱ in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed no significant difference compared to CK.The potential activity(Fv/Fo) of PS Ⅱ increased by 8.8%,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)increased by 53.7% compared to CK,the transpiration rate(Tr)and stomatal conductance(Gs)showed no significant changes compared to CK,and the intercellular carbon dioxide(Ci)decreased by 6.0%.Under 0.9% salt stress,compared with the control,after EBR+PGPB treatment,the Na⁺content in the aboveground and root parts of roses decreased by 21.1% and 26.6%,respectively.The K+ content in the aboveground and root parts increased by 73.7% and 70.4%,respectively.The K⁺/Na⁺values in the aboveground and root parts increased by 116.7% and 135.1%,respectively.At the same time,EBR+PGPB treatment could activate the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT,reduce the rate of superoxide anion production and H₂O₂ accumulation,which was significantly different from CK treatment.The conclusion is that adding EBR,PGPB,or EBR+PGPB treatments can all increase the chlorophyll content of roses,protect the chlorophyll fluorescence system,maintain the balance of plant Na⁺and K⁺,activate antioxidant enzyme activities such as SOD and CAT,and reduce lipid peroxidation and H₂O₂ accumulation,in order to alleviate the damage of salt stress to rose seedlings and promote rose growth.Among them,EBR+PGPB treatment has a better salt resistance effect on rose seedlings.

Preparation of Monoclonal Antibody against Major Capsid Protein of Largemouth Bass Iridovirus and Its Epitope Identification

SONG Zhanlin, MING Shengli, ZENG Lei, PAN Jiajia, ZHAO Liming, LIU Taoxue, WANG Jiang, LIU Zhonghu,

2024, 53(10): 149-158. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.016

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The major capsid protein(MCP)was selected as the target protein of largemouth bass iridovirus(LMBV),MCP recombinant protein was expressed by prokaryotic expression system and used to immunize BALB/c mice.The immunized mice spleen B lymphocytes were fused with mouse myeloma cells(SP/20),and monoclonal antibodies were obtained through subclonal screening,abdominal inoculation and collection of ascites.The specificity of the monoclonal antibody and its epitopes were studied by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.The results showed that one monoclonal antibody strain 2C9⁃6 was obtained.The specificity analysis results suggested that 2C9⁃6 could specifically recognize eukaryotically expressed LMBV⁃MCP and LMBV virus particles.Epitope analysis results showed that the epitope recognized by 2C9⁃6 was located in the peptide segment composed of amino acids at positions 1—20 of the N terminal of LMBV⁃MCP protein.

Analysis of Antibacterial Activity and Secondary Metabolites of Paenibacillus kribbensis against Gram⁃negative Bacteria

LI Haili, XU Yindi, WANG Zhifang, ZHU Wenhao, CHEN Jianhao, LI Bin, DUAN Jin’gang, FENG Lili, YANG Fan, MA Chunjiang, YAN Xiangzhou

2024, 53(10): 159-169. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.017

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In order to screen the endophytes of Paeonia lactiflora Pall with good antibacterial activity against gram⁃negative bacteria,the endophytes of P.lactiflora which have antagonistic effect on Escherichia coli and Salmonella were isolated by surface disinfection and plate face⁃off method,and its antibacterial effect and secondary metabolites were studied.The species was identified by morphological observation and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.20 strains of endophytic bacteria were isolated from different tissues such as root,stem and leaf.A gram⁃negative endophyte HNYJ291 with good antibacterial effect was obtained from 20 endophyte strains by plate confrontation assay,which was identified as Paenibacillus kribbensis by morphological observation and molecular analysis.The bacteria could effectively inhibit E.coli and Salmonella.Whole genome sequencing analysis showed that the genome size of strain HNYJ291 was 5 609 136 bp,the GC content was 45.48%,and the number of coding genes was predicted to be 4 805.4 779,3 678,4 027,3 941,2 994 and 2 700 genes were annotated by NR,Swiss⁃Prot,Pfam,COG,GO and KEGG databases,respectively,and 10 gene clusters related to secondary metabolite synthesis were predicted by antiSMASH.The main secondary metabolites included cyclolipopeptides antibiotics(fusaricidin B),bactericin(paenilan),antimicrobial lipids(tridecaptin),polymyxin and antimicrobial peptides(paenicidin A),etc.From gene clusters related to antibacterial active substances in its genome,it can be predicted that this strain has the potential to develop new drugs and be used as a feedable microorganism.

Research on Automatic Detection Methods for Soybean Stem Related Phenotypes

CHEN Jiajun, LIU Zhiyu, ZHOU Wan, LI Yang, ZHAN Wei, HUANG Lan, WANG Jun, QIU Lijuan

2024, 53(10): 170-180. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.018

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