Investigation and Analysis of the Glossiness of Fruit and Its Quality of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv.‘Lingwuchangzao’

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.10.014

Abstract

Abstract: To explore the quality differences and its influencing factors of Lingwuchangzao different glossiness fruit[high glossiness fruit(S fruit)surface is flat and smooth，fruit shape is typical of long oval,with appearance of good quality;Low glossiness fruit(R fruit)surface is uneven,fruit shape for the top of the fruit is sharply convex or concave,with appearance of poor quality],taking 7 Lingwuchangzao plantations in Lingwu City,Ningxia as the object of investigation,the investigation recorded the tree age,seedling type,jujube hanging thickness,jujube hanging length and other indexes,and collected different glossy fruits(S,R fruits)as the experimental materials,determined its glossiness,single fruit quality,fruit transverse and longitudinal diameter,etc.,and the soluble solids,soluble sugar,vitamin C(Vc),titratable acid content and other intrinsic quality indexes of the fruits and carried out the comparison and correlation analysis.The results showed that different plantations had Lingwuchangzao fruits with different glossiness(S and R fruits),and the ratio of R fruits had a tendency to decrease with the increase of the age of the trees；the glossiness of S fruits was 1.56 times larger than that of R fruits.And single fruit quality,fruit longitudinal and transverse diameter,fruit shape index,fruit skin thickness,pulp thickness,nuclear longitudinal and transverse diameter,single nucleus quality,fruit hardness were all very significantly smaller than R fruits.S fruits had a lower vitamin C content,sugar⁃acid ratio,and solid⁃acid ratio than R fruits.However，there were no significant differences in soluble solids,soluble sugar,titratable acid,anthocyanoside content,and other indexes between the two types of fruits.There was a significant correlation between the ratios of S and R fruits in Lingwuchangzao plantations and various factors such as seedling type,tree age,jujube hanging thickness,leaf chlorophyll content,and others.In summary,Lingwuchangzao plantations have different glossiness fruit(both S fruit and R fruit).The quality of different glossiness fruit has its own advantages and disadvantages:S fruit has the advantages of good appearance quality,normal fruit shape,sweet and sour taste;R fruit has the
advantages of large fruit size,high vitamin C content,good for storage and transportation.

Key words: Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv.‘Lingwuchangzao’, Glossiness, Fruit quality, Tree age, Seedling type

摘要： 为探究灵武长枣不同光泽度果实［高光泽度果实（S果）的表面平整光滑，果形多为典型的长椭圆形，外观品相较好；低光泽度果实（R果）表面凹凸不平，果形多为果顶急剧凸起或凹下，外观品相较差］品质的差异及其影响因素，以宁夏灵武市7个灵武长枣种植园为调查对象，调查记录树龄、苗木类型、枣吊粗、枣吊长等指标，并采集不同光泽度果实（S、R果）作为试验材料，测定其光泽度、单果质量、果实横纵径等果实外观品质指标以及可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、维生素C（Vc）、可滴定酸含量等果实内在品质指标，并对其进行比较和相关性分析。结果表明，不同种植园均有灵武长枣不同光泽度果实（S和R果），且随着树龄的增长，R果比率有降低的趋势；S果的光泽度是R果的1.56倍，且单果质量、果实纵横径、果形指数、果皮厚、果肉厚、核纵横径、单核质量、果实硬度均极显著小于R果；S果的Vc含量、糖酸比和固酸比均小于R果，但两者的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、花色素苷含量等指标均无显著差异；灵武长枣S、R果的比率与苗木类型、树龄、枣吊粗、叶片叶绿素含量等因素极显著相关。综上，灵武长枣种植园均存在不同光泽度果实（即S果和R果）。灵武长枣不同光泽度果实品质各有优劣：S果的优势是外观品质好，果型周正，酸甜适口；R果优势则是其果实个大，Vc含量高，利于储存运输。

关键词: 灵武长枣, 光泽度, 果实品质, 树龄, 苗木类型

CLC Number:

S665.1

LI Yunmao, LU Hui, LI Xiang, FENG Xuerui, MA Chong, ZHANG Yue, CAO Bing. Investigation and Analysis of the Glossiness of Fruit and Its Quality of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv.‘Lingwuchangzao’[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 53(10): 127-137.

李运毛, 陆晖, 李翔, 冯学瑞, 马冲, 张悦, 曹兵. 灵武长枣果实光泽度及其品质的调查与分析[J]. 河南农业科学, 2024, 53(10): 127-137.

References

［1］刘孟军，王玖瑞.新中国果树科学研究70年：枣［J］.果树学报，2019，36（10）：1369⁃1381.

LIU M J，WANG J R.Fruit scientific research in new China in the past 70 years：Chinese jujube［J］.Journal of Fruit Science，2019，36（10）：1369⁃1381.

［2］CHEN J P，CHAN P H，LAM C T W，et al.Fruit of Ziziphus jujuba（jujube） at two stages of maturity：Distinction by metabolic profiling and biological assessment［J］.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry，2015，63（2）：739⁃744.

［3］ZHANG C M，BIAN Y，HOU S H，et al.Sugar transport played a more important role than sugar biosynthesis in
fruit sugar accumulation during Chinese jujube domestication［J］.Planta，2018，248（5）：1187⁃1199.

［4］罗达，吴正保，谢亚丽.栽植密度对枣园冠层结构与果实性状的影响［J］.西北林学院学报，2023，38（2）：160⁃165.
LUO D，WU Z B，XIE Y L.Effects of planting density on canopy structure and fruit characters in jujube orchards［J］.Journal of Northwest Forestry University，2023，38（2）：160⁃165.

［5］王佳琪，王改玲，殷海善，等.黄土高原吕梁山撂荒枣林土壤质量评价［J］.山西农业科学，2023，51（7）：777⁃784.
WANG J Q，WANG G L，YIN H S，et al.Soil quality evaluation of abandoned date palm forest in Lüliang mountain of Loess Plateau［J］.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences，2023，51（7）：777⁃784.

［6］王争争，赵邑，王如福.油枣中黄酮类化合物体外抗凝血活性分析［J］.山西农业科学，2022，50（11）：1536⁃1541.
WANG Z Z，ZHAO Y，WANG R F.Analysis of in vitro anticoagulant activity of flavonoids from Youzao jujube［J］.Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences，2022，50 （11）：1536⁃1541.

［7］JIANG W Q，LI N，ZHANG D P，et al.Elevated temperature and drought stress significantly affect fruit quality and activity of anthocyanin⁃related enzymes in jujube（Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv.'Lingwuchangzao'）［J］.PLoS One，2020，15（11）：e0241491.

［8］WANG X J，CAO B，ZOU J，et al.Composition and environmental interpretation of the weed communities in the main planting base of jujube（Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv.'Lingwuchangzao'），Ningxia province of China［J］.PeerJ，2022，10：e13583.

［9］LOYPIMAI P，PAEWBOONSOM S，DAMEROW L，et al.The wax bloom on blueberry：Application of luster sensor technology to assess glossiness and the effect of polishing as a fruit quality parameter［J］.Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality，2017，90：154⁃158.

［10］SHIROKOVA A V，VOLOVIK V T，ZAGOSKINA N V，et al.From dimness to glossiness—characteristics of the spring rapeseed mutant form without glaucous bloom（Brassica napus L.）［J］.Agronomy，2020，10 （10）：1563.

［11］MUKHTAR A，DAMEROW L，BLANKE M.Non⁃invasive assessment of glossiness and polishing of the wax bloom of European plum［J］.Postharvest Biology and Technology，2014，87：144⁃151.

［12］ZHAI X L，WU H Y，WANG Y R，et al.The fruit glossiness locus，dull fruit（D） encodes a C2H2⁃type zinc finger transcription factor，CsDULL，in cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）［J］. Horticulture Research，2022，9：uhac146.

［13］TRIVEDI P，NGUYEN N，KLAVINS L，et al.Analysis of composition，morphology，and biosynthesis of cuticular wax in wild type bilberry（Vaccinium myrtillus L.） and its glossy mutant［J］.Food Chemistry，2021，354：129517.
［14］PETIT J，BRES C，JUST D，et al.Analyses of tomato fruit brightness mutants uncover both cutin⁃deficient and cutin⁃abundant mutants and a new hypomorphic allele of GDSL lipase［J］.Plant Physiology，2014，164 （2）：888⁃906.

［15］DONG S Y，MIAO H，ZHANG S P，et al.Genetic analysis and gene mapping of glossy fruit skin in cucumber［J］.Acta Horticulturae Sinica，2013，40（2）：247.

［16］YANG X Q，ZHANG W W，LI Y，et al.High⁃resolution mapping of the dull fruit skin gene D in cucumber（Cucumis sativus L.）［J］.Molecular Breeding，2014，33 （1）：15⁃22.

［17］LIU D C，YANG L，ZHENG Q，et al.Analysis of cuticular wax constituents and genes that contribute to the formation of 'glossy Newhall'，a spontaneous bud mutant from the wild⁃type 'Newhall' navel orange［J］.Plant Molecular Biology，2015，88（6）：573⁃590.

［18］PU Y Y，GAO J，GUO Y L，et al.A novel dominant glossy mutation causes suppression of wax biosynthesis
pathway and deficiency of cuticular wax in Brassica napus［J］. BMC Plant Biology，2013，13：215.

［19］LIU Z Z，FANG Z Y，ZHUANG M，et al.Fine⁃mapping and analysis of Cgl1，a gene conferring glossy trait in cabbage（Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata）［J］.Frontiers in Plant science，2017，8：239.

［20］WANG C J，LI Y X，XIE F，et al.Cloning of the Brcer1 gene involved in cuticular wax production in a glossy mutant of non⁃heading Chinese cabbage（Brassica rapa L.var.communis）［J］.Molecular Breeding，2017，37（11）：142.

［21］贾昊，高露，火旭堂，等.不同树龄灵武长枣果实主要品质指标比较与分析［J］.西北农业学报，2020，29 （1）：56⁃65.
JIA H，GAO L，HUO X T，et al.Comparison between fruit quality and different tree ages in Ziziphus jujuba
Mill.cv.'Lingwuchangzao'［J］.Acta Agriculturae Boreali⁃occidentalis Sinica，2020，29（1）：56⁃65.

［22］禹瑞丽，刘佳嘉，吴国伟，等.灵武长枣根蘖苗与嫁接苗叶片光合特性的比较［J］.中南林业科技大学学报，2023，43（9）：70⁃79.
YU R L，LIU J J，WU G W，et al.Comparison of photosynthetic characteristics between the root tiller seedlings and grafted seedlings of Ziziphus jujube 'Lingwuchangzao' ［J］.Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology，2023，43（9）：70⁃79.

［23］李振强.根蘖与嫁接繁殖对灵武长枣生长、叶片性状及根系生长的影响［D］.银川：宁夏大学，2022.
LI Z Q.Effects of rooting and grafting propagation on growth，leaf traits and root growth of Lingwu jujube［D］.Yinchuan：Ningxia University，2022.

［24］白琳云.灵武长枣嫁接与根蘖繁殖植株生长、果实特性的比较［D］.银川：宁夏大学，2019.
BAI L Y.Comparison of plant growth and fruit characteristics between grafting and rooting propagation of Lingwu jujube［D］.Yinchuan：Ningxia University，2019.

［25］任宇.梨自根树与嫁接树若干特性比较［D］.扬州：扬州大学，2020.
REN Y.Comparison of some characteristics between pear self⁃rooted trees and grafted trees［D］.Yangzhou：Yangzhou University，2020.

［26］钟海霞，仙鹤，吴久赟，等.不同砧木对克瑞森无核葡萄叶片光合光效的影响［J］.新疆农业科学，2022，59 （1）：113⁃121.
ZHONG H X，XIAN H，WU J Y，et al.Effects of different rootstocks on photosynthetic efficiency of grape leaves in crimson seedless grape［J］.Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences，2022，59（1）：113⁃121.

［27］马亚平，白琳云，徐伟荣，等.灵武长枣嫁接和根蘖繁殖植株果实转录组差异分析［J］.分子植物育种，2021，19（16）：5297⁃5306.
MA Y P，BAI L Y，XU W R，et al.Transcriptome differences analysis of fruit of grafting and root tiller propagation of 'Lingwuchangzao' jujube［J］.Molecular Plant Breeding，2021，19（16）：5297⁃5306.

［28］杨艳荣，赵锦，刘孟军. 枣吊的研究进展［J］.华北农学报，2007，22（S2）：53⁃57.
YANG Y R，ZHAO J，LIU M J.Advances in research on bearing branch of Chinese jujube［J］.Acta Agriculturae Boreali⁃Sinica，2007，22（S2）：53⁃57.

［29］陈娟.木质化枣吊与非木质化枣吊生长差异比较研究［D］.长沙：中南林业科技大学，2021.
CHEN J.Comparative study on growth difference between lignified jujube handing and non⁃lignified jujube handing［D］.Changsha： Central South University of Forestry & Technology，2021.

［30］晏巢，王森，邵凤侠.南方鲜食枣木质化与非木质化枣吊叶片光合效率的比较［J］.经济林研究，2013，31 （2）：113⁃117.
YAN C，WANG S，SHAO F X.Comparison of leaf photosynthetic efficiency of lignified and non⁃lignified bearing branches in southern fresh⁃eat jujube［J］.Nonwood Forest Research，2013，31（2）：113⁃117.

［31］梁海忠，范崇辉，江道伟.不同树龄苹果高纺锤形树体结构及产量的研究［J］.西北林学院学报，2011，26 （4）：152⁃154.
LIANG H Z，FAN C H，JIANG D W.Structure and yield of tall⁃spindle shaped apple trees with different ages［J］.Journal of Northwest Forestry University，2011，26（4）：152⁃154.

［32］TREDER W，MIKA A，KRZEWINSKA D.Relations between tree age，fruit load and mean fruit weight［J］.Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research，2010，18（2）：139⁃149.

［33］周先艳，周东果，朱春华，等.不同树龄水晶蜜柚果实品质比较分析［J］.南方农业学报，2018，49（5）：938⁃943.
ZHOU X Y，ZHOU D G，ZHU C H，et al.Fruit quality of crystal honey pomelo with different tree ages［J］.Journal of Southern Agriculture，2018，49（5）：938⁃943.

［34］郭天荣，杨崇珽，吴秋翰，等.树龄和立地土壤条件对桃形李营养状况与果实品质的影响［J］.分子植物育种，2021，19（16）：5512⁃5521.
GUO T R，YANG C T，WU Q H，et al.Effects of tree age and soil property on the nutritional status and fruit quality of Prunus salicina var.taoxingli［J］.Molecular Plant Breeding，2021，19（16）：5512⁃5521.

［35］冷虹.树龄对椪柑果实品质、土壤-树体营养的影响及其关系［D］.武汉：华中农业大学，2015.
LENG H.Effects of tree age on fruit quality and soil⁃tree nutrition of ponkan and their relationships［D］.Wuhan：uazhong Agricultural University，2015.

［36］马小焕，赖九江，阮树堂.赣南纽荷尔脐橙的生长环境及品质［J］.江苏农业科学，2018，46（9）：123⁃126.
MA X H，LAI J J，RUAN S T.Growth environment and fruit quality of Newhall navel orange in South Gannan［J］.Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences，2018，46（9）：123⁃126.

［37］梁丰志，童盼盼，张亚若，等.新疆南疆不同灰枣产区果实品质分析及优生区划分［J］.华中农业大学学报，2021，40（4）：123⁃132.
LIANG F Z，TONG P P，ZHANG Y R，et al.Analysis of fruit quality and division of eugenic zone in different gray jujube producing regions in Southern Xinjiang［J］.Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University，2021，40（4）：123⁃132.

[1]	WEI Yuan, LÜ Mengyang, MA Yate, LIU Jing, WANG Xuan, WANG Dongsheng. Comprehensive Evaluation of the Nutritional Quality of Chestnut Based on Three Methods [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(6): 111-119.
[2]	XU Mengzhu, YANG Xiaohui, LIU Yan, SHI Yu, SONG Hongxia, ZHANG Yi. Effects of Combined Application of Calcium and Zinc on Fruit Quality of Different Tomato Varieties [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(2): 124-135.
[3]	ZHANG Sipu, ZHOU Qianqian, CUI Wei, ZHANG Ke, HAN Lixin, QU Zhenfang, LU Yunfeng, TANG Cunduo, NIU Jiajia. Effects of L‐tert‐leucine on Quality and Storage of Gala Apple [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 52(12): 172-180.
[4]	LOU Yusui, ZHANG Xiaofeng, LI Zheng, SHANG Hongquan, FAN Hongjie, LÜ Zhongwei. Effect of Different Yield Load on Quality Development during Delayed Harvest of Shine Muscat Grape [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 51(6): 111-118.
[5]	ZHANG Huan, GAO Xiaofeng, LEI Mengyao, TAO Aili, LI Yuying, YAO Gang. Multivariate Analysis of the Relationship between Soil Nutrients and Fruit Quality and Optimization of Soil Nutrients in Soft‑seed Pomegranate Orchards [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 51(4): 111-119.
[6]	CHEN Jiuhong, MA Jianjiang, LI Yongfeng, WEI Jie, WANG Yan, HUANG Guohui. Comparison of Canopy Structure，Photosynthetic Characteristics，Yield and Quality of Korla Fragrant Pear with Different Tree Shapes [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 50(8): 113-123.
[7]	SONG Shen, SHAN Shouming, LI Qian, LIU Sifan. Effects of Sink-Source Relationship on Anthocyanin Accumulation and Quality of Beimei Grape [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 50(6): 109-115.
[8]	XU Haobo, FENG Jiancan, FAN Lili, YANG Haiqing, FAN Wei. Research Progress on Girdling Mechanism and Non-invasive Girdling Technology of Pomiculture [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 49(12): 1-9.