Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

Contents

2024, 53(4): 0.

Abstract ( )

PDF (40457KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Research Progress on Absorption of Germanium in Soils and Its Accumulation Mechanism in Camellia sinensis

SU Qiqian, AN Fuquan, YU Longfeng

2024, 53(4): 1-8. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.001

Abstract ( )

PDF (1291KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Camellia sinensis is an economically significant crop in China,which can absorb and utilize germanium,thus promoting its growth and development.Through bioenrichment,Camellia sinensis transforms toxic inorganic germanium(GeO₂)into non⁃toxic organic germanium(Ge⁃132).Moreover,the organic germanium can be absorbed by human and is beneficial to health.The application research of germanium in Camellia sinensis is still in the initial stage,and it is important to explore the germanium accumulation mechanism for developping germanium⁃rich tea.Therefore,the distribution of germanium in soil,the relationship between germanium in soil and growth of Camellia sinensis,the absorption and utilization of germanium by Camellia sinensis and the accumulation mechanism of germanium in Camellia sinensis were reviewed,which will provide basic information and theoretical reference for improving the germanium absorption efficiency of Camellia sinensis from soils and planting germanium⁃rich tea in the future.

Effects of Nitrogen Topdressing Rates on Yield and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Winter Wheat under Long⁃Term Straw Returning

HAO Yonghui, JIN Haiyang, YAN Yaqian, LI Xiangdong, ZHENG Fei, YUE Junqin, ZHANG Deqi, FANG Baoting, YANG Cheng, CHENG Hongjian, LI Chunxi

2024, 53(4): 9-19. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.002

Abstract ( )

PDF (1401KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

The effects of nitrogen topdressing rates[0 kg/ha(N150),37.5 kg/ha(N150+37.5),75 kg/ha(N150+75),112.5 kg/ha(N150+112.5) and 150 kg/ha(N150+150)]on winter wheat population dynamics,accumulation and transport of dry aboveground matter and nitrogen,grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency were studied under long⁃term straw returning and sufficient basal nitrogen application(150 kg/ha)to clarify the nitrogen topdressing rate for synergistically achieving higher grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency,so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for efficient nitrogen fertilizer management of winter wheat under straw returning.The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen topdressing rate,the number of tillers before winter and effective panicles showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,achieving higher values under treatments of N150+75 and N150+112.5.The aboveground dry matter and nitrogen accumulation before anthesis gradually increased with the increase of nitrogen topdressing rate,while the aboveground dry matter and nitrogen accumulation after anthesis followed a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing.The aboveground dry matter transport amount and rate before anthesis of treatments with no topdressing nitrogen(N150)and low topdressing nitrogen(N150+37.5，N150+75)were generally significantly higher than those with high topdressing nitrogen(N150+112.5,N150+150)and no nitrogen application(N0);The nitrogen transport amount before anthesis gradually increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,reaching its maximum value under N150+150 treatment,but its nitrogen transport rate before anthesis was significantly lower than the other treatments.Compared with the treatment with only basal nitrogen of 150 kg/ha,topdressing nitrogen of 37.5—150 kg/ha at the jointing stage increased grain yield by 10.45%—33.64%.With the increase of nitrogen topdressing rate，the grain yield showed a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing，reaching its maximum value under N150+112.5 treatment,which significantly increased by 30.85%—33.64%,15.04%—20.99%,6.62%—11.07% and 7.35%—7.81% compared with N150，N150+37.5,N150+70 and N150+150 treatments respectively；Partial factor productivity，agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency of applied nitrogen decreased linearly,and the difference between N150+75 and N150+112.5 treatments was not significant as a whole.In summary,topdressing nitrogen at the jointing stage is beneficial for increasing the accumulation and transport of dry matter and nitrogen of winter wheat before and after anthesis.However,excessive topdressing nitrogen leads to a significant decrease of transport rate of dry matter and nitrogen before and after anthesis,reduce the effect of yield increase,and significantly reduce nitrogen utilization efficiency. Under the condition of long⁃term straw returning and basal nitrogen of 150 kg/ha,nitrogen topdressing rate of 112.5 kg/ha at the jointing stage is conducive to the coordination of accumulation and transport of dry matter and nitrogen before and after anthesis.According to fitting analysis,nitrogen topdressing rate of 107.81—139.50 kg/ha at jointing stage can obtain high grain yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency.

Effects of PAW and Its Combined Action with LTP on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat

QI Xianke, LI Miao, LI Caihong, QU Chenling

2024, 53(4): 20-29. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.003

Abstract ( )

PDF (2373KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

Taking Jimai 22 and Bainong 307 as materials，the effects of plasma⁃activated water（PAW，with preparation time of 5.0，7.5 and 10 min，named as PAW⁃5，PAW⁃7.5 and PAW⁃10，respectively）and its combined action with low⁃temperature plasma（LTP，named as LTP+W⁃5，LTP+W⁃7.5，LTP+W⁃10，respectively）on wheat seed germination and seedling growth were studied，so as to provide atheoretical basis for the application of PAW and LTP in wheat seed vigor enhancement.The results showed that the germination rate and germination index of two wheat varieties reached the best at 9 s after LTP treatment，so LTP treatment time of 9 s was chosen for the study of the combined effect of PAW and LTP.The PAW treatment and the combined treatment of PAW and LTP increased the germination rate of wheat seeds，plant height，fresh and dry weight of seedlings，and significantly increased seed vigor index，and LTP+W⁃7.5 treatment was generally the best.The contact angle between seeds without LTP treatment and distilled water was the largest，indicating that the wettability was the weakest. In contrast，the contact angle between seeds without LTP treatment and PAW decreased，while the contact angle between seeds with LTP treatment and distilled water/PAW significantly decreased. Compared with treatment treated with distilled water，the content of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species（RONS）in wheat seedlings treated with PAW and PAW+LTP generally significantly increased，while the RONS content in wheat seedlings treated only with LTP was not significantly changed.In conclusion，PAW and PAW+LTP can effectively promote wheat seed germination and seedling growth，and LTP+W⁃7.5 treatment is the best.

Effects of Low Nitrogen Stress on Nitrogen Accumulation，Metabolism，Yield and Quality of Wheat Varieties with Different Nitrogen Efficiency

QI Xueli, MA Jie, ZHAO Mingzhong, DONG Haibin, ZHANG Yu, XU Guozhen

2024, 53(4): 30-36. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.004

Abstract ( )

PDF (1408KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

The effects of low nitrogen stress on net photosynthetic rate，nitrogen accumulation，nitrogen metabolic enzyme activity，root traits，yield and quality of Zhengmai 0943 with nitrogen use efficiency index of 1.557 and Zhoumai 18 with nitrogen use efficiency index of 0.895 were analyzed，so as to provide reference for high nitrogen efficiency breeding and cost⁃saving cultivation technology research.The results showed that under normal nitrogen and low nitrogen treatments，the net photosynthetic rate at 7，14 and 21 days after anthesis，net photosynthetic rate at 10：00—15：00 at 14 days after anthesis，activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase，nitrogen accumulation of straw and grain at maturity，and yield of Zhengmai 0943 were significantly higher than those of Zhoumai 18. Under low nitrogen treatment，the above indexes were significantly lower than those under normal nitrogen treatment，and the reduction rates of Zhengmai 0943 were lower than those of Zhoumai 18，among which the yield of Zhengmai 0943 decreased by 21.40%，and Zhoumai 18 decreased by 24.87%.Under low nitrogen treatment，the total root length，root surface area and root activity of Zhengmai 0943 were significantly higher than those of Zhoumai 18.The root traits of the two wheat varieties under low nitrogen treatment were significantly higher than those under normal nitrogen treatment，and the increase rates of Zhengmai 0943 were higher than those of Zhoumai 18.Low nitrogen stress significantly affected the quality of the two wheat varieties，but Zhengmai 0943 was less affected. Compared with normal nitrogen treatment，the decrease rates of protein content，wet gluten content，stability time，maximum tensile resistance and tensile area of Zhengmai 0943 under low nitrogen treatment were lower than those of Zhoumai 18.All parameters of Zhengmai 0943 reached the standard of medium⁃strong gluten wheat，except for the tensile area. In summary，Zhengmai 0943 is more tolerant to low nitrogen than Zhoumai 18，low nitrogen has less influence on its photosynthetic rate，nitrogen accumulation，nitrogen metabolic enzyme activity，root，yield and quality，and it has better photosynthetic characteristics，higher nitrogen absorption and assimilation ability，and more developed root system，so obtains higher yield and better quality under low nitrogen treatment.

Effects of Sowing Date and Nitrogen Application Rate on Population Quality，Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Medium Indica Hybrid Rice

ZHANG Yongze, WANG Ruigang, WANG Yimei, WANG Zihao, LI Junzhou, DU Yanxiu, SUN Hongzheng, PENG Ting, ZHAO Quanzhi, ZHANG Jing

2024, 53(4): 37-46. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.005

Abstract ( )

PDF (1455KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

The effects of sowing date［April 15（D1），April 30（D2），May 15（D3），May 30（D4），June 14（D5）］and nitrogen application rate［0 kg/ha（N0），150 kg/ha（N150）and 300 kg/ha（N300）］on population quality，yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization of medium indica hybrid rice Yliangyou 900 were investigated，so as to explore the optimum sowing date and nitrogen application rate in southern Henan rice area. The results showed that the effects of sowing date and nitrogen application rate on yield were significant. The yield increased first and then decreased with the delay of sowing date.The yield of D2 was the highest，and that of D5 was the lowest.The yield of D2 was 126.42% higher than that of D5.The yield of D2 increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Overall，D2N300 treatment had the highest yield，followed by D1N300 and D2N150 treatments.The total leaf area index and high⁃efficiency leaf area index both increased first and then decreased with the delay of sowing date，while the total leaf area index and inefficient leaf area index both increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Overall，the total leaf area index was the highest under D3N300 treatment，followed by D4N300 and D2N300 treatments；the high⁃efficiency leaf area index was the highest under D3N300 treatment，followed by the D4N300 and D1N300 treatments；the D2N300 treatment had the highest inefficient leaf area index，followed by D4N300 and D3N300 treatments.The ratio of grain number to leaf area and the ratio of grain weight to leaf area both decreased with the delay of sowing date，and decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Overall，the highest ratio of grain number to leaf area was observed under D1N0 treatment，followed by the D2N0 and D3N0 treatments；the highest ratio of grain weight to leaf area was observed under D1N0 treatment，followed by D3N0 and D2N0 treatments.The nitrogen content in stems and leaves of D1，D2 and D3 increased by 12.81%，14.77%，13.02% and 10.64%，25.08%，30.40% respectively compared with D5 at heading and mature stages.Moreover，the nitrogen content in stems and leaves of each sowing date increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The nitrogen contents in panicles of D1 and D2 were significantly higher than those of D3，D4 and D5 at heading and mature stages，and nitrogen contents in panicles of N150 and N300 treatments under each sowing date were generally higher than that of N0 treatment.The nitrogen grain production efficiency first increased and then decreased with the delay of sowing date. Both N150 and N300 treatments had the highest nitrogen grain production efficiency under D2 and the lowest nitrogen grain production efficiency under D5，and nitrogen grain production efficiency of N150 treatment was obviously higher than that of N300 treatment. In summary，the sowing date and nitrogen application rate affect yield by adjusting leaf area，ratio of grain to leaf，plant nitrogen content and nitrogen grain production efficiency；the suitable sowing date for high yield and efficiency of medium indica hybrid rice Yliangyou 900 in southern Henan is April 30th（D2），and the appropriate nitrogen application rate is 150—300 kg/ha.

Effects of Thidiazuron Compounded with Plant Growth Retardant on Cotton Growth，Development and Yield

WU Gang, TIAN Yangqing, ZHAO Qiang, LI Xinxin, MUNIRE·Abudouuaini, WANG Wenqing, ZHANG Jiahao

2024, 53(4): 47-56. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.006

Abstract ( )

PDF (2140KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

To explore the regulatory effects of foliar application of thidiazuron in combination with different plant growth retardants on the growth，development，and yield of cotton，a field experiment was conducted from July to October 2022 in Tuanjie Village，Hailou Town，Shaya County，Xinjiang.Xinluzhong 84 was chosen as the test cotton variety. Thidiazuron at 0.1% concentration was used as the main agent，combined with chlormequat chloride（W1），calcium prohexadione（W2），uniconazole（W3），and flurprimidol（W4），with water serving as the control group（CK）.A randomized block design was employed，with a spray application before and after chemical topping，to analyze their effects on cotton agronomic traits，dry matter accumulation and distribution，leaf area index，SPAD value，and yield.The results showed that the W3 treatment performed the best across all measured indices. Specifically，at the boll opening stage，compared to CK，plant height，plant width，the length of the 3rd fruiting branch，the length of the 7th fruiting branch，and leaf branch length in the W3 treatment decreased by 1.23%，3.14%，10.96%，11.72%，and 18.92%，respectively；at 30 days after treatment，the SPAD value and the dry matter accumulation of buds and bolls increased by 2.05% and 9.98%，respectively，the proportion of dry matter in reproductive organs increased by 7.61%，and the leaf area index increased by 10.85% compared to CK；the number of bolls per plant and seed cotton yield increased by 11.28% and 11.23%，respectively，compared to CK.In conclusion，application of 0.1% thidiazuron 450 mL/ha + 5% uniconazole 75 g/ha before and after chemical topping can effectively suppress cotton indefinite growth，enhance leaf area index and leaf SPAD value，promote reproductive growth in cotton plants，increase the number of bolls per plant，and significantly increase cotton yield.

Effects of Water Extracts of Codonopsis pilosula on Medicines Seeds and Their Seedlings

FENG Wangmei, ZHANG Junsong, JIAO Na, CHEN Hongfu, YANG Jutian, GAO Dandan, GUO Penghui

2024, 53(4): 57-64. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.007

Abstract ( )

PDF (2236KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

To clarify the effects of different concentrations of Codonopsis pilosula straw water extract on the seed germination and seedling growth of three traditional Chinese medicines,Astragalus membranaceus,Scutellaria baicalensis,and Bupleurum chinense DC,five concentrations of Codonopsis pilosula straw water extract were set at 0,0.025，0.050，0.100，and 0.200 g/mL to study their allelopathic effects on the seed germination and seedling growth of the three traditional Chinese medicines.The results showed that the water extract of C.pilosula straw significantly reduced the seed germination rate and germination index of three traditional Chinese medicines,and the higher the concentration of the water extract,the greater the inhibitory effect.There were differences in the allelopathic effects of the water extract of C.pilosula straw on the seedling growth of three traditional Chinese medicines. Different concentrations had a promoting effect on the height of A.membranaceus seedlings,while low concentrations promoted and high concentrations inhibited the root length，fresh and dry weight of seedlings;The high concentration extract of C.pilosula straw soaked in water inhibited the height of S.baicalensis seedlings,but different concentrations had a promoting effect on the root length，fresh and dry weight of S.baicalensis seedlings;The water extract of C.pilosula straw with different concentrations showed strong inhibitory effects on the growth of B.chinense DC seedlings.The water extract of C.pilosula straw had allelopathic inhibitory effects on the seed germination of three traditional Chinese medicines,but there were differences in allelopathic effects on growth indicators of A.membranaceus and S.baicalensis seedlings.The influence of water extract of C.pilosula straw on the comprehensive allelopathic effect index of three traditional Chinese medicines also varied.The comprehensive allelopathic effect index on S.baicalensis was greater than 0,indicating a promoting effect.The comprehensive allelopathic effect index of 0.025 g/mL C.pilosula straw water extract treatment on A.membranaceus was greater than 0,indicating a promoting effect.At other concentrations，the comprehensive allelopathic effect index was less than 0,indicating an inhibitory effect.The comprehensive allelopathic effect index on B.chinense DC was less than 0,indicating an inhibitory effect. Compared with A.membranaceus and S.baicalensis，the aqueous extract of C.pilosula straw has a stronger inhibitory effect on B. chinense DC.

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Rates on Maize Yield and Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency in Soybean⁃Maize Rotation System under Straw Returning Conditions

LIU Xin, JIANG Yuzhou, ZHANG Jili, YUE Zhiqiang , HUANG Rui, WANG Peng

2024, 53(4): 65-75. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.008

Abstract ( )

PDF (1267KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

The experiment studied the effect of phosphorus fertilizer application rates on maize yield and phosphorus fertilizer utilization in soybean⁃maize rotation system after 6—7 years of straw return,to provide theoretical reference for scientific application of phosphorus fertilizer in regional maize planting.From 2021 to 2022,field experiments were conducted on Daxijiang,Jianshan,and Qixingpao farms under the 93 branch of Beidahuang Agricultural Reclamation Group Co.,Ltd.in Heilongjiang Province.According to the fully mechanized maize production method,four treatments were set up:No phosphorus fertilizer(P0),80% local recommended phosphorus fertilizer(P1),local recommended phosphorus fertilizer(P2),and 120% local recommended phosphorus fertilizer(P3).The effects of phosphorus fertilizer application rates on maize growth,yield,phosphorus absorption and utilization efficiency were studied.The results showed that there was no significant difference in maize yield and yield traits among P1,P2,and P3 treatments on the three farms.The amount of phosphorus fertilizer had a significant impact on the total dry matter accumulation of maize,with P3 treatment being the highest on the three farms.In 2021,the dry matter accumulation of maize in Daxijiang,Jianshan,and Qixingpao farms increased significantly by 12.74%,11.16%,and 14.63% compared to P1 treatment,respectively.In 2022,Daxijiang and Qixingpao farms increased significantly by 7.88% and 11.02% compared to P1 treatment,respectively.The overall phosphorus absorption of maize increasesd with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer application.In 2021,the total phosphorus absorption of P3 treatment at mature stage in Daxijiang,Jianshan,and Qixingpao farms was significantly higher than that in P1,increasing by 17.75%,17.45%,and 25.25%,respectively.In 2022,Daxijiang and Qixingpao farms increased by 11.65% and 16.96%,respectively.However,there was no significant difference in phosphorus absorption of maize grains.P1 significantly improved the agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer.In 2021,the agronomic efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer in Daxijiang,Jianshan,and Qixingpao farms increased by 61.04%,38.45%,and 17.84% respectively compared to P2 treatment.In 2022,the agronomic efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer in Daxijiang and Qixingpao farms increased by 18.37% and 19.03% respectively compared to P2 treatment.In 2021,the partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer in Daxijiang,Jianshan,and Qixingpao farms increased by 30.33%,27.69%,and 23.57% respectively compared to P2 treatment.In 2022,Daxijiang and Qixingpao farms increased by 22.42% and 24.31% respectively compared to P2 treatment.There was no significant difference overall in the apparent utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer among P1,P2,and P3 on the three farms.After 6—7 years of returning straw to the field and continuous implementation of soybean⁃maize rotation for fertilization,the application amount of phosphorus fertilizer can be reduced by 20% compared to the local recommended phosphorus fertilizer amount.Excessive phosphorus fertilizer use only increases the accumulation of phosphorus in maize vegetative body,reducing the agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer.

Characteristics，Ecological Risks and Sources of Heavy Metal Pollution in Agricultural Soils Surrounding Typical Industrial Zone in West Henan

LI Jiefei, WANG Di, XU Yupeng, YANG Hao, LIN Hongyong, BAO Haihua, ZHANG Lingmin

2024, 53(4): 76-91. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.009

Abstract ( )

PDF (4239KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to investigate the characteristics and ecological risks of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils around typical industrial areas(1 steel mill,6 industrial parks,5 smelters)in West Henan,109 soil samples were collected and measured for Zn,Cu,Cd,Pb,Cr,Ni and As,and a series of indexes,morphology,principal components and clustering methods were employed for the spatial distribution analysis of the heavy metals,evaluation of the contamination and ecological risks，and analysis of the morphology and sources.The results revealed that the degree of contamination and cumulative effects of heavy metals in agricultural soils in the study area were closely related,and Pb had the highest level of contamination and the strongest geo⁃cumulative effects.Cd,Pb and As were the main factors causing soil environmental risks，and their contributions to the composite potential ecological risk index reached 48.26%,18.81% and 15.58%,respectively.The content of Pb and Cd in the effective state was up to 92.49% and 79.54%,respectively.The proportions of Fe⁃Mn oxide bound state of Zn and organic bound state of Cu were higher than other heavy metals,with 33.07% and 24.25%,respectively.Whereas the ecological risk of the migration and transformation of Cr,Ni was relatively lower,and the accumulation form in the soil was dominated by the residual state,which accounted for 91.00%,64.63%.The smelters(S1,S3)and the surrounding smelters(S2,S4),steel mill SW and industrial parks(IP1,IP2,IP3)had a synergistic effect on the comprehensive potential ecological risk of heavy metals(Pb,Cd and Zn)in farmland soils in the northwest of the study area. Zn,Pb and Cu mainly came from industrial sources(smelters，iron and steel mills and other industrial production activities);Cd and As originated from industrial sources(smelters)and agricultural sources;and Cr and Ni mainly emerged from natural sources.In addition,Zn,Pb,Cu and Cd were susceptible to natural leaching,soil formation processes and agricultural activities,which increased the ecological risk of migration and transformation.

Identification and Indoor Fungicide Screening of Pathogen Causing Leaf Spot on Rehmannia glutinosa

LI Haicheng, WANG Fanzhen, JIANG Yongcheng, SONG Xin, CHEN Zhaorong

2024, 53(4): 92-101. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.010

Abstract ( )

PDF (3777KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

In order to identify the pathogen species and its biological characteristics of Rehmannia glutinosa leaf spot in Jizhou area of Tianjin City,and to screen effective pesticides for controlling the pathogen of R.glutinosa leaf spot，the methods of diseased leaves collection,strain isolation，microscopic observation,in vitro inoculation,ITS,EF1‑α,Tub multiple genes sequence alignment and evolutionary tree analysis were used to islolate,purify and identify the pathogen of R.glutinosa leaf spot by morphology,pathogenicity and molecular biology.The biological characteristics of the pathogen in three media and four carbon and nitrogen sources were studied.At the same time,the virulence of four fungicides was determined.The results showed that the pathogen A1 isolated from the leaf spot of R.glutinosa was Fusarium equiseti.The optimum medium,nitrogen source and carbon source were Czapek medium,glycine and sucrose,respectively.The results of laboratory efficacy test showed that 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion had the best inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of pathogen,the concentration for 50% of maximal effect(EC₅₀)was 63.69 mg/L,and the inhibition rate of mycelial growth was up to 83.64%.75% chlorothalonil wettable powder had the worst inhibitory effect,with EC₅₀ of 355.06 mg/L,and the maximum inhibitory rate of mycelial growth was 64.63%.In conclusion,F.equiseti was the pathogen of R.glutinosa leaf spot in Jizhou district of Tianjin,and 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion has the best controlling effect on the pathogen of R.glutinosa leaf spot.

Molecular Identification and Biological Characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum Infecting Peanuts in Henan Province

SANG Suling, WANG Zhenyu, LI Shaojian, FAN Wanwan, GAO Meng, CUI Xiaowei, ZHANG Haiyan, FENG Lanlan

2024, 53(4): 102-110. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.011

Abstract ( )

PDF (1610KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

To identify the taxonomic properties of the pathogen of peanut bacterial wilt disease in Henan Province,30 strains collected from different regions in Henan Province were comparatively characterized in terms of 16S rDNA sequences,carbohydrate utilization,pathogenicity,evolutionary type,and sequence variation.The results showed that,based on the 16S rDNA sequencing results of these 30 strains,the pathogen causing peanut wilt disease was R.solanacearum;all the strains could infect eggplant，chili pepper,potato,tobacco,and tomato,but did not infect ginger and belonged to physiological race 1;based on the analysis of the ability to utilize three disaccharides and three hexanols，four strains were classified as biovar Ⅱ,10 strains as biovar Ⅲ,and 16 strains as biovar V;all the strains were able to produce 144 bp specific band for evolutionary type Ⅰ and 280 bp specific band for R.solanacearum through multiplex PCR amplification,which indicated that all of the strains belonged to the evolutionary type Ⅰ,i.e.,the Asian group 13 of R.solanacearum;based on the phylogenetic analysis of the egl gene,all the strains from Henan were clustered together with Gx525,Ah⁃XnJn⁃12⁃6,and HA₂⁃1,belonging to sequence variant 14.

Cloning and Expression Analysis of NF‑YB3 Gene from Vitis vinifera

CUI Xiaoyue, SHANG Hongquan, LÜ Zhongwei, LOU Yusui, ZHANG Ke, FAN Hongjie, WU Wenying, ZHANG Xiaofeng

2024, 53(4): 111-118. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.012

Abstract ( )

PDF (4676KB) ( )

Related Articles | Metrics

The full length of the VvNF‑YB3 gene was cloned from the European grape‘Thompson Seedless’by PCR,to explore the function of the VvNF‑YB3 gene in grape growth and development and response to abiotic stresses.The coding region sequence(CDS)of the VvNF‑YB3 gene was 624 bp in length,encoding 207 amino acids,with an isoelectric point of 6.31，an instability index of 27.66,and a total average hydrophobic index of -0.738.Therefore,VvNF⁃YB3 was an acidic and stable hydrophilic protein.Through bioinformatics analysis,it was found that the VvNF‑YB3 gene was located on chromosome 10 of the European grape,containing an intron and a CBFD_NFYB_HMF conserved domain,and showed the highest identity with VrNF⁃YB3 from Vitis riparia.The prediction result of secondary structure showed that VvNF⁃YB3 was mainly composed of α⁃helix and random coil.Correspondingly,the tertiary structure was a monomeric helix⁃coil⁃helix.The analysis of the cis⁃acting elements of the VvNF‑YB3 gene promoter suggested that it might respond to hormones and stresses.To prove this inference,its expression patterns under different treatments were analyzed.The VvNF‑YB3 gene was expressed in leaves,tendrils,flowers,young fruits,and stems of Red Globe,and the expression level was the highest in mature leaves.PEG simulated drought,low⁃temperature,and high⁃temperature stresses could change the expression level of the VvNF‑YB3 gene,and VvNF‑YB3 was a stress responsive gene.In addition,most of the interacting proteins of VvNF⁃YB3 were subunits of the nuclear factor Y family,and there were 27 transcription factors such as ERF,bHLH,ARF,etc.in the upstream of the VvNF‑YB3 gene.It is speculated that the VvNF‑YB3 gene may respond to various environmental stresses by being regulated by upstream transcription factors and interacting with other NF⁃Y proteins.

Estimation of Pigment Content in Leaves of Physocarpus Based on Color Parameters and Hyperspectral Parameters

LI Danyang, WEI Jinhua

2024, 53(4): 119-127. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.013

Abstract ( )

PDF (1521KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to achieve rapid and non⁃destructive detection of pigment content and photosynthetic performance in leaves of three different colors of Physocarpus,in the growing season,the pigment content,color parameters and hyperspectral reflectance of the leaves of the three test materials at different leaf positions were determined,and the leaf pigment content estimation model was established by multiple stepwise regression and partial least squares regression analysis,and the accuracy was tested.The results showed that the spectral reflection characteristics of Physocarpus amurensis and Physocarpus opulifolius var.luteus were similar,and Physocarpus opulifolius‘Summer Wine’was different from the other two at the green light peak and near infrared light.The spectral reflectance of the three was Physocarpus opulifolius var.luteus>Physocarpus amurensis>Physocarpus opulifolius‘Summer Wine’.The pigment estimation model based on partial least squares had the highest accuracy,among which,the modeling and testing R² values of leaf color parameters and the contents of total chlorophyll,anthocyanin in Physocarpus amurensis and anthocyanin in Physocarpus opulifolius‘Summer Wine’were all above 0.68 and the highest was 0.89.The modeling R2 values of the hyperspectral parameters and the contents of chlorophyll a，chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll,carotenoid and anthocyanin in Physocarpus amurensis and Physocarpus opulifolius var.luteus were all above 0.79 and the highest was 0.98,while the testing R² values were above 0.64 and the highest was 0.91.The accuracy of leaf pigment estimation model based on hyperspectral parameters was higher than that based on leaf color parameters.The advantages of partial least squares regression model in the estimation of pigment content in leaves of three color systems of Physocarpus were verified,and a high⁃precision estimation model for leaf pigment was established.

A Visual LAMP Assay for Detection of Chicken Gyrovirus 3

ZHANG Minxiu, XIE Zhixun, ZHANG Yanfang, XIE Zhiqin, XIE Liji, LI Meng, LUO Sisi, ZENG Tingting, WANG Can

2024, 53(4): 128-136. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.014

Abstract ( )

PDF (4136KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

To establish a visual LAMP detection method for chicken gyrovirus 3(GyV3)and provide a detection method for rapid clinical diagnosis of GyV3 infection,a set of specific primers for loop⁃mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)was designed according to the VP3 gene of GyV3.The amplification temperature，primer concentration,and reaction time of the visual LAMP diagnostic method were determined by optimization of the temperature,primer concentration,and reaction time.The specificity,ensitivity,stability and reliability of the chicken GyV3 LAMP method were verified through the specificity test,sensitivity test,repeatability test and detection of clinical samples.The reactions were optimized in a final volumes of 20.0 μL,including 1.0 μL DNA template,10.0 μL 2×Master Mix,2 μL mixture of inner primers GyV3⁃FIP and GyV3⁃BIP(working concentration 16.0 μmol/L),2.0 μL mixture of outer primers GyV3⁃F3 and GyV3⁃B3(working concentration 2.0 μmol/L),2.0 μL mixture of loop primers GyV3⁃LF and GyV3⁃LB(working concentration 8.0 μmol/L),3 μL ddH2O.The amplification procedures of GyV3 LAMP were determined:reaction at 66℃ for 20 min,followed by heating at 80℃ for 5 min.The visual LAMP assay for the detection of chicken GyV3 could specifically detect GyV3;the lowest limit of GyV3 detection was 101 copies/μL;the coefficients of variation of intra⁃batch and inter⁃batch assay between groups were both less than 5%;the coincidence rate between the detection results and the conventional PCR detection results was 100%.The visual LAMP assay for the detection of chicken GyV3 can specifically detect GyV3,with the advantages of good specificity,high sensitivity,and low pollution.The detection results can be judged by naked eye observation,which is suitable for rapid clinical screening of GyV3.

Prokaryotic Expression of Capsid Protein and Preparation of Polyclonal Antibody of Novel Goose Astrovirus

GAO Dongsheng, ZHANG Han, WANG Haiyan, ZHANG Xiaozhan, ZHAO Panpan, YU Tongtong, SONG Xinghui, QIAO Hongxing, LI Qingdong, PENG Zhifeng

2024, 53(4): 137-142. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.015

Abstract ( )

PDF (2128KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to develop serological detection methods and highly effective antibodies against the novel goose astrovirus(GAstV)，the ORF2 gene sequence of the novel GAstV HNZZ⁃4 strain was cloned and the pET⁃32a⁃Cap recombinant plasmid was constructed.Prokaryotic expression of capsid protein(Cap)was performed. Polyclonal antibody was prepared by immunizing rabbits with recombinant Cap.Western blot and immunoperoxidase single⁃layer assay were used to determine the reactivity of the polyclonal antibody.The results showed that the recombinant plasmid pET⁃32a⁃Cap was digested by the restriction enzymes Nde Ⅰ and Xho Ⅰ,and two bands with the expected size of about 5 000 bp and 750 bp were obtained. Sequencing results of positive recombinant plasmid showed that the recombinant expression vector pET⁃32a⁃Cap was successfully constructed. Prokaryotic expression of pET⁃32a⁃Cap obtained GAstV recombinant Cap with molecular weight of about 27.5 ku.Rabbit polyclonal antibodies against GAstV Cap could react specifically with the recombinant Cap and bind to GAstV infecting LMH cells.The rabbit polyclonal antibody against novel GAstV Cap prepared in this study retains its antigenicity and has good specificity.

Adsorption Isotherms and Thermodynamic Properties of the Main Veins and Blades of First⁃cured Tobacco Leaves

CHEN Zhuo, CHEN Jiading, MAO Lan, BAI Tao, LI Shengdong, WANG Tao, SONG Zhaopeng, ZHANG Baolin

2024, 53(4): 143-151. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.016

Abstract ( )

PDF (1794KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to explore the moisture adsorption characteristics of the main vein and blade of first⁃cured tobacco during the moisture adsorption process,the moisture absorption of the main vein and blade of first⁃cured tobacco was measured at ambient temperatures of 20,25,30,35,40℃ and ambient relative humidity of 50%,60%,70%,80%,90%,and the adsorption isotherms of the main vein and blade of first⁃cured tobacco were drawn.Five commonly used agricultural product adsorption isotherm models were used to fit the test data,on this basis,the thermodynamic properties of the main vein and blade of first⁃cured tobacco were explored.The results showed that the adsorption isotherm of the main vein and blade of first⁃cured tobacco belonged to type Ⅲ isotherm.Under the same relative humidity，the equilibrium moisture content of the main vein and blade of first⁃cured tobacco decreased with the increase of ambient temperature.The MHAE model was the best model to describe the adsorption isotherm of the main vein and blade of first⁃cured tobacco leaves.The determination coefficient(R²⁾was 0.998 77—0.999 05,and the average relative percentage error(MRE)was 1.455 15%—2.949 68%.The results of thermodynamic properties showed that when the equilibrium moisture content changed,the net isotherm adsorption heat(Q_st)and differential entropy(ΔS)of the main vein and blade of first⁃cured tobacco leaves had a similar trend of change,which decreased with the increase of equilibrium moisture content,and there was no obvious relationship between them and temperature.The entropy enthalpy compensation theory also existed and applied in the process of moisture adsorption of the main vein and blade of first⁃cured tobacco blade,and the moisture adsorption process was spontaneous and driven by enthalpy.To sum up,the thermodynamic properties of the main vein and blade of first⁃cured tobacco leaves in the process of water adsorption are similar,and the MHAE model is suitable for describing the adsorption isotherm of the main vein and blade of first⁃cured tobacco leaves at 20—40℃.

Effect of Different Preservative Bags on Postharvest Storage Quality of Mini⁃Tuber Seed Potatoes from Aeroponic System

LI Shouqiang, TIAN Jiachun, GE Xia, LI Mei, CHENG Jianxin, LI Yumei, TIAN Shilong

2024, 53(4): 152-160. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.017

Abstract ( )

PDF (1839KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to clarify the effect of different preservative bags on postharvest storage quality of mini⁃tuber seed potatoes from aeroponic system,‘Atlantic’mini⁃tuber seed potatoes were used as materials，the storage and preservation effects of four types of preservation bags on the mini⁃tuber seed potatoes were investigated by measuring the weight loss rate,germination rate,decay rate,and related physiological indicators of the seed tubers during storage.The results showed that at(20±1)℃,compared with ordinary mesh bags(CK),four types of preservation bags,including ordinary A⁃film bags,nano preservation bags,walnut preservation bags,and garlic sprout preservation bags,could effectively improve the storage and preservation effect of mini⁃tuber seed potatoes.Among them,walnut preservation bags and nano preservation bags had the best storage and preservation effect on mini⁃tuber seed potatoes.Using these two types of preservation bags for package could significantly reduce the weight loss rate of mini⁃tuber seed potatoes,and mini⁃tuber seed potatoes packaged in nano preservation bags had the lowest decay rate,after 84 days of storage,the weight loss rates of mini⁃tuber seed potatoes packaged in walnut preservation bags and nano preservation bags were reduced by 73.20% and 63.62% compared with CK，respectively.The decay rate of mini⁃tuber seed potatoes packaged in walnut preservation bags increased by 21.43% compared with CK,while the decay rate of mini⁃tuber seed potatoes packaged in nano preservation bags decreased by 31.25% compared with CK.They could inhibit the rising speed of relative conductivity and malondialdehyde(MDA)content,and reduce the damage of cell membrane,after 70 days of storage,the MDA contents of mini⁃tuber seed potatoes packaged in walnut preservation bags and nano preservation bags were reduced by 23.26% and 13.95% compared with CK,respectively.At the same time,they could also promote the activities of peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT) and superoxide dismutase(SOD),reduce the damage of oxygen free radicals,and make potatoes germinate normally,so they had a good storage and fresh⁃keeping effect on aeroponic cultured micro seed potatoes.By comprehensive consideration,it is recommended to use nano preservation bags for package during the
storage of mini⁃tuber seed potatoes from aeroponic system.

Blurry Flower Image Detection Based on SR⁃YOLOv8n⁃BCG

HUANG Xiaolong, CHEN Zhongju, XU Haoran, LI Heping

2024, 53(4): 161-171. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.018

Abstract ( )

PDF (6293KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to meet the fast and accurate detection requirements for fuzzy flower images in complex environments,a composite model SR⁃YOLOv8n⁃BCG was proposed.This model effectively integrated the image reconstruction capability of SRGAN(super⁃resolution generative adversarial network)and the object detection capability of YOLOv8.Furthermore，the network structure was further improved to enhance accuracy and achieve lightweight design.Firstly,SR⁃YOLOv8n⁃BCG employed SRGAN to perform super⁃resolution processing on fuzzy flower images,enhancing the image quality input into model.Secondly,in the feature extraction network of YOLOv8n,a weighted bidirectional feature pyramid network(BiFPN)was used to replace the PAN⁃FPN module,effectively fusing multi⁃scale flower features and reducing the model size.Additionally,a coordinate attention(CA)mechanism was introduced to enhance the model’s feature extraction ability.Finally,Ghost convolution was used to replace regular convolution,further improving detection accuracy and model lightweightness.Experimental results on a self⁃made dataset of five flower categories demonstrated that compared to SR⁃YOLOv8n,the SR⁃YOLOv8n⁃BCG model achieved an average precision improvement of 1.2 percentage points,reaching 95.4% with a 35.5% reduction in model size.The results above indicate that the proposed improved model effectively enhances the detection accuracy of fuzzy flower images and achieves lightweight design to suit lower⁃end devices.

Research on Jujube Volume Prediction Method Based on Depth Image and BP Neural Network

JIA Yaxin, LI Chuanfeng, YI Xiaokang, WU Mingqing

2024, 53(4): 172-180. DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.04.019

Abstract ( )

PDF (2458KB) ( )

References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to realize the rapid non⁃destructive measurement of jujube volume and improve the precision of jujube volume classification,a method based on depth image and BP neural network was proposed.By collecting the depth image of jujube,plane segmentation and jujube clustering were carried out by segmentation algorithm,and cylinder fitting of the jujube point cloud after clustering was carried out to establish a 3D model of jujube.Five features,including long diameter,short diameter,contour circumference,projection area and sphericity,were extracted from the 3D model of jujube by using the bounding box algorithm and convex hull method.Seven sets of BP neural network models with different feature combinations were established to predict the volume of jujube.By analyzing the prediction results of seven groups of models,the results showed that the model containing all the characteristics of jujube had the best prediction results.The determination coefficient(R²)of forecasted values and measured values of volume was 0.861 87,the root mean square error(RMSE)was 1.66 mL,and the average relative error between the predicted volume and the measured volume was 6.65%.The results demonstrate that the estimation of jujube volume by depth image and BP neural network has high prediction accuracy.

Wechat	Official website

Table of Content