Abstract: In order to clarify the synergistic effects of different adjuvants on herbicides to control weeds，three adjuvants of vegetable oil，organic silicon and inorganic salt were selected and compounded with soybean post‐emergence herbicides（250 g/L fomesafen + 20% quizalofop‐P‐ethyl）with the dosage reduced by 20%，30% and 40%，respectively，and the experiment was carried out in the tobacco field of Jiaohe City，Jilin Province.The results showed that the performance of the three adjuvants in the synergistic reduction of herbicides was vegetable oil adjuvant>silicone adjuvant>inorganic salt adjuvant.The best control effect on weeds in tobacco field was obtained by the combination of plant oil adjuvant and herbicide reduction of 20%.The fresh weight control effects on gramineous weeds，broad‐leaved weeds and total grass were the highest，reaching 97.14%，93.93% and 95.00%，espectively，which were significantly higher than those of conventional herbicide treatment（CK1），with increases of 15.57，10.42 and 12.49 percentage points，respectively.At 45 days after transplanting，the plant height，leaf length and leaf width of tobacco plants treated with 20% herbicide reduction combined with vegetable oil adjuvant and silicone adjuvant were significantly higher than those of artificial weeding treatment（CK2）and water treatment（CK3）.The incidence of phytotoxicity in tobacco plants decreased by 1.83—3.37 percentage points after 20%—30% reduction of herbicide combined with vegetable oil adjuvant，and the photosynthetic efficiency of lower leaves was improved.Among the treatments，the yield，average price and output value of the treatment with 20% herbicide reduction and vegetable oil adjuvant were the highest，and the output value increased by 3.82%，18.53% and 16.41% respectively compared with CK1，CK2 and CK3.Therefore，through the reasonable selection and ratio of adjuvants，the output value of tobacco can be ensured while the herbicide is reduced，which is of far‐reaching significance for reducing the environmental load of chemical pesticides and maintaining ecological balance.

Key words: Tobacco, Herbicide, Weed control efficiency, Adjuvant, Efficiency increase and quantity decrease

摘要： 为明确不同助剂对烟田除草剂防除杂草的增效减量作用，选择植物油类、有机硅类和无机盐类3种助剂分别与大豆苗后除草剂250 g/L氟磺胺草醚+20%精喹禾灵减量20%、30%、40%进行复配，在吉林省蛟河市烟田开展试验。结果表明，3种助剂在除草剂增效减量方面的表现为植物油助剂>有机硅助剂>无机盐类助剂。植物油助剂与除草剂减量20%复配对烟田杂草的防效最好，对禾本科杂草、阔叶杂草以及总草的鲜质量防效最高，分别达到97.14%、93.93%、95.00%，且均显著高于除草剂常规用量处理（CK1），分别增效15.57、10.42、12.49百分点。在烟株移栽后45 d，除草剂减量20%与植物油助剂、有机硅助剂复配处理的烟株株高和各部位叶长、叶宽总体上显著高于人工除草处理（CK2）和清水处理（CK3）。除草剂减量20%~30%与植物油助剂复配后烟株药害发生率下降1.83~3.37百分点，下部叶片的光合效率提高。各处理中以除草剂减量20%与植物油助剂复配处理的烟草产量、均价、产值最高，其中产值较CK1、CK2、CK3分别增加3.82%、18.53%、16.41%。因此，通过合理的助剂选择和配比，可以在除草剂减量的同时保证烟草产值不下降，对于减少化学农药的环境负荷、维护生态平衡具有深远意义。

关键词: 烟草, 除草剂, 杂草防效, 助剂, 增效减量