河南农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (7): 42-50.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.07.005

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同种类地膜覆盖对土壤水温、谷子生长及产量的影响

罗世武,李凯,来幸樑,程炳文   

  1. (宁夏农林科学院固原分院宁夏旱作农业工程研究中心,宁夏 固原 756000)
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-23 出版日期:2022-07-15 发布日期:2022-09-09
  • 通讯作者: 程炳文(1963-),男,山西长治人,研究员,主要从事小杂粮研究与示范推广工作。E-mail:nxgycbw@126.com
  • 作者简介:罗世武(1968-),男,宁夏固原人,高级工程师,本科,主要从事小杂粮研究与示范推广工作。E-mail:gy2032678@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    基金项目:宁夏回族自治区重大研发专项(2021BBF02021);宁夏回族自治区农业科技自主创新资金项目(NGSB-2021-6-01);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-06-13.5-A18)

Effects of Different Kinds of Plastic Film Mulching on Soil Moisture,Temperature,Foxtail Millet Growth and Yield

LUO Shiwu,LI Kai,LAI Xingliang,CHENG Bingwen   

  1. (Dry Farming Engineering Technology Research Center of Ningxia,Guyuan Branch of Ningxia Academy of Agricultural
    and Forestry Sciences,Guyuan 756000,China)
  • Received:2022-03-23 Published:2022-07-15 Online:2022-09-09

摘要: 在宁夏回族自治区干旱半干旱区,设置渗水地膜(T1)、生物降解地膜(T2)和普通地膜(T3)3种地膜覆盖处理,以露地(T4)种植为对照,研究不同种类地膜覆盖对土壤含水量、水分利用效率、土壤温度和谷子生长发育、产量及经济效益的影响,为宁夏回族自治区干旱半干旱区谷子地膜覆盖栽培技术的推广应用提供理论依据。结果表明,与T4处理相比,T1和T3处理各生育时期均提早,生育期缩短2 d,T2处理生育期延长5 d;地膜覆盖处理土壤含水量表现为T1>T3>T2>T4,水分利用效率表现为T1>T3>T2>T4;总体上地膜覆盖处理各生育时期土壤温度均高于T4处理;总体上,地膜覆盖处理土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾含量提高。与T4处理相比,T1、T2、T3处理谷子叶片SPAD值和干物质积累量均提高,以T1处理最高,T3处理次之;T1、T2、T3处理的株高、穗长、穗颈长、穗码数、主穗粒质量、主穗质量、千粒质量和产量均有不同幅度的增加,总体以T1处理表现最好,T3处理次之。其中,产量具体表现为T1>T3>T2>T4,T1、T3、T2处理分别较T4处理显著增产22.08%、21.77%、12.30%,T1和T3处理间差异不显著,但均显著高于T2处理。产投比表现为T1=T3>T4>T2,纯收入表现为T1>T3>T4>T2,T1处理产投比为1.81,纯收入为9 210.6元/hm2,较T4处理提高28.69%。综上,谷子地膜覆盖以T1处理最优,T3处理
次之。

关键词: 谷子, 渗水地膜, 生物降解地膜, 普通地膜, 土壤水温, 水分利用效率

Abstract: In the arid and semi‑arid areas of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,three kinds of plastic film mulching treatments including water‑permeable plastic film(T1),biodegradable plastic film(T2)and ordinary plastic film(T3)were set up,with open field(T4)planting as control,and the effects of different kinds of plastic film mulching on soil water content,water use efficiency,soil temperature,foxtail millet growth,yield and economic benefit were studied,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of plastic film mulching cultivation techniques in arid and semi‑arid areas of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.The results showed that compared with T4 treatment,each growth stage of T1 and T3 treatments was earlier,the growth period was shortened by 2 d,and the growth period of T2 treatment was prolonged by 5 d.The soil water content order was T1>T3>T2>T4,and the water use efficiency order wasT1>T3>T2>T4.In general,the soil temperature of plastic film mulching treatments was higher than that of T4 treatment at each growth stage. Overall,plastic film mulching increased soil organic total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available potassium contents. Compared with T4 treatment,the leaf SPAD value and dry matter accumulation of foxtail millet of T1,T2 and T3 treatments increased,T1 treatment was the highest,and T3 treatment was the second. The plant height,spike length,spike neck length,spikelet number per spike,grain weight of main spike,main spike weight,1 000‑grain weight and yield of T1,T2 and T3 treatments increased in different ranges. The overall performance of T1 treatment was the best,followed by T3 treatment.Among them,the yield order was T1>T3>T2>T4.Compared with T4 treatment,the yields of T1,T3 and T2 treatments significantly increased by 22.08%,21.77% and 12.30%respectively,there was no significant difference between T1 treatment and T3 treatment,but they were significantly higher than that of T2 treatment.The output‑input ratio order was T1=T3>T4>T2,and the net income order was T1>T3>T4>T2.The output‑input ratio of T1 treatment was 1.81,and the net income was 9 210.6 Yuan/ha,which was 28.69% higher than that of T4 treatment. In summary,T1 treatment was the best,followed by T3 treatment.

Key words: Foxtail millet, Water?permeable plastic film, Biodegradable plastic film, Common plastic film, Soil water content and temperature, Water use efficiency

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