长期垄作覆盖对旱地冬小麦、夏玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过2004—2014年长期定位试验，研究不同降水年型垄作覆盖对旱地冬小麦、夏玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响，旨在为旱作区高效农耕措施的选择提供理论依据和技术支撑。结果表明，与传统耕作处理相比，垄作覆盖有利于提高冬小麦和夏玉米的穗粒数和千粒质量，而对于冬小麦和夏玉米穗数的提高效果不明显；不同降水年型垄作覆盖处理均显著或极显著提高了旱地冬小麦—夏玉米周年产量，平均增产达17.0%；对冬小麦而言，长期垄作覆盖处理较传统耕作处理平均增产7.4%，增产效果表现为欠水年>平水年>丰水年，极端干旱的年份垄作覆盖则表现出明显的减产效应，减产幅度为8.9%；不同降水年型垄作覆盖处理夏玉米产量均极显著高于传统耕作处理，平均增产24.4%。不同降水年型垄作覆盖处理冬小麦、夏玉米及周年的平均水分利用效率分别为14.8、23.7、19.6 kg/(hm²•mm)，较传统耕作处理极显著提高了6.99%、32.82%、22.2%。综上，长期定位垄作覆盖在不同降水年型下对夏玉米的增产效果优于冬小麦。

关键词: 长期垄作覆盖, 旱地, 冬小麦, 夏玉米, 产量 , 水分利用效率

Abstract: The effects of long-term ridge mulching on the yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat and summer maize in dryland were studied by long-term positioning experiment, so as to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the selection of high-efficiency farming measures in dryland.The results showed that compared with the traditional tillage treatment,long-term ridge mulching was beneficial to improvement of the grain number per ear and 1 000-grain weight of winter wheat and summer maize,but the effect on ear number of winter wheat and summer maize was not significant; the annual yield of winter wheat and summer maize in dryland increased significantly or extremely significantly under long-term ridge mulching in different precipitation years,with an average increase of 17.0%.For winter wheat,the average yield of long-term ridge mulching treatment was 7.4% higher than that of traditional tillage treatment,and the increasing effect was as follows:less water year>normal water year>wet year,while in extremely dry year,ridge mulching showed obvious yield reducing effect,with decrease of 8.9%;in different precipitation years,the yield of summer maize of ridge mulching treatment was significantly higher than that of traditional tillage treatment, with an average increase of 24.4%.The water use efficiencies of winter wheat,summer maize and annual average were 14.8,23.7 and 19.6 kg/(ha·mm)under ridge mulching in different precipitation years, respectively, which significantly increased by 6.99%,32.82% and 22.2% compared with the traditional tillage treatment.In conclusion,long-term location ridge mulching had better increase effect of yield on summer maize compared with winter wheat in different precipitation years.

Key words: Long-term ridge mulching, Dryland, Winter wheat, Summer maize, Yield, Water use efficiency

中图分类号:

S513
S512.1

李俊红, 邵运辉, 刘瑞, 丁志强, 李舞, 张洁, 吕军杰, 姚宇卿. 长期垄作覆盖对旱地冬小麦、夏玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2020, 49(3): 24-31.

LI Junhong, SHAO Yunhui, LIU Rui, DING Zhiqing, LI Wu, ZHANG Jie, LÜ Junjie, YAO Yuqing. Effects of Long-term Ridge Mulching on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize in Dryland[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 49(3): 24-31.

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