河南农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 56-64.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2024.02.006

• 农业资源与环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

商品有机肥对砂质潮土理化性状、冬小麦产量及养分积累的影响

徐春燕1,张倩1,王雅娴1,王红雨2,盛开1,王宜伦1   

  1. (1. 河南农业大学资源与环境学院,河南 郑州 450046;2. 卫辉市农业农村局,河南 卫辉 453100)
  • 出版日期:2024-02-15 发布日期:2024-03-19
  • 通讯作者: 王宜伦(1976-),男,山东郓城人,教授,博士,主要从事作物营养与高效施肥研究。E-mail:wangyilunrl@henau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:徐春燕(1998-),女,山东菏泽人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:土壤改良与高效施肥。E-mail:xuchunyan1028@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家“十四五”重点研发计划子课题(2021YFD1901001-08)

Effects of Commercial Organic Fertilizers on Physical and Chemical Properties of Sandy Fluvo⁃Aquic Soil,Yield and Nutrient#br# Accumulation of Winter Wheat

XU Chunyan1,ZHANG Qian1,WANG Yaxian1,WANG Hongyu2,SHENG Kai1,WANG Yilun1   

  1. (1. College of Resource and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;2. Weihui Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Weihui 453100,China)
  • Published:2024-02-15 Online:2024-03-19

摘要: 为探明适宜砂质潮土地力提升和作物增产的商品有机肥,于2021—2022年在河南省新乡县开展冬小麦田间试验,以单施化肥为对照,研究不同商品有机肥(含炭有机无机复混肥、含菌复合肥、含菌有机肥、含炭有机肥、腐植酸有机肥)对砂质潮土理化性状、冬小麦产量及养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明,商品有机肥施用可实现冬小麦显著增产24.6%~49.7%,其中施用含炭有机无机复混肥和含炭有机肥分别增产49.7%、43.8%。施用含炭有机无机复混肥地上部氮、磷、钾积累量分别显著提高44.6%、43.1%、54.4%,施用含炭有机肥分别显著提高24.8%、33.5%、45.5%。施用商品有机肥可降低0~10 cm土壤容重,同时含炭有机无机复混肥、含菌复合肥、含炭有机肥、腐植酸有机肥分别显著提高砂质潮土有机碳和速效钾含量33.1%~44.8%、10.8%~16.7%。此外,含炭有机无机复混肥和含炭有机肥施用还能提高>0.25 mm土壤团聚体占比,显著提高土壤α-葡糖苷酶、β-纤维二糖苷酶、β-木糖苷酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶、磷酸酯酶活性。以上表明,含炭有机无机复混肥和含炭有机肥通过降低0~10 cm土壤容重,促进土壤大团聚体形成,提高有机碳、速效钾含量及土壤胞外酶活性,实现冬小麦产量及养分积累量的提高,
是适用于砂质潮土的商品有机肥。

关键词: 砂质潮土, 商品有机肥, 冬小麦, 产量, 土壤理化性状

Abstract: In order to find out commercial organic fertilizers suitable for fertility improvement and cropyield increase in sandy fluvo⁃aquic soil,a winter wheat field trial was conducted in Xinxiang County,Henan Province from 2021 to 2022.The effects of different commercial organic fertilizers(carboniferous organic and inorganic compound fertilizer,bacteria⁃containing compound fertilizer,bacteria⁃containing organic fertilizer,carboniferous organic fertilizer,humic acid organic fertilizer)on physical and chemical properties of sandy fluvo⁃aquic soil,winter wheat yield and nutrient absorption and utilization were studied with single application of chemical fertilizer as a control. The results showed that the application of commercial organic fertilizer significantly increased the yield of winter wheat by 24.6%—49.7%,in which the application of carboniferous organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and carboniferous organic fertilizer increased the yield by 49.7% and 43.8%,respectively.The application of carboniferous organic and inorganic compound fertilizer significantly increased the above⁃ground nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation by 44.6%,43.1% and 54.4%,respectively.The application of carboniferous organic fertilizer significantly increased by 24.8%,33.5% and 45.5%.The application of commercial organic fertilizer could reduce the bulk density of 0—10 cm soil,and the contents of organic carbon and available potassium in sandy fluvo⁃aquic soil with carbon organic and inorganic compound fertilizer,bacterial compound fertilizer,carboniferous organic fertilizer and humic acid organic fertilizer were significantly increased by 33.1%—44.8% and 10.8%—16.7%,respectively.In addition,the application of carbonaceous organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and carbonaceous organic fertilizer could also increase the proportion of soil aggregates>0.25 mm,and significantly improve the activities of α⁃glucosidase,β⁃cellobiosidase,β⁃xylosidase,leucine⁃aminopeptidase and phosphatase in soil.The above results show that carboniferous organic and inorganic compound fertilizer and carboniferous organic fertilizer by reducing the bulk density of 0—10 cm soil,promoting the formation of soil large aggregates,and increasing the content of organic carbon,available potassium and soil extracellular enzyme activity,achieve the increase of winter wheat yield and nutrient accumulation.They are suitable commercial organic fertilizers for sandy fluvo⁃aquic soil.

Key words: Sandy fluvo?aquic soil, Commercial organic fertilizer, Winter wheat, Yield, Physical and chemical property of soil

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