河南农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (8): 11-17.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2023.08.002

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

种植密度对玉米茎秆强度和穗部性状的影响

徐丽娜,安治良,陈士林,张怀胜,进茜宁,王平喜   

  1. (河南科技学院农学院,河南 新乡 453003)
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-31 出版日期:2023-08-15 发布日期:2023-08-29
  • 通讯作者: 陈士林(1963-),男,河南辉县人,教授,博士,主要从事玉米遗传育种教学与科研工作。E-mail:slchen@hist.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:徐丽娜(1983-),女,山东巨野人,讲师,博士,主要从事作物高产高效栽培与生理研究。E-mail:xulina_1023@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省农业良种联合攻关项目(202210204);河南省重大公益专项(201300111100);河南省新乡市重大科技专项(21ZD004)

Effect of Planting Density on Stem Strength and Ear Characters of Maize

XU Lina,AN Zhiliang,CHEN Shilin,ZHANG Huaisheng,JIN Xining,WANG Pingxi   

  1. (College of Agriculture,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,China)
  • Received:2023-05-31 Published:2023-08-15 Online:2023-08-29

摘要: 设置67 500(D1)、75 000(D2)、82 500(D3)、90 000(D4)、97 500(D5)株/hm2 5个种植密度,研究种植密度对百玉393茎秆强度、穗部性状及产量的影响,并分析玉米植株形态与茎秆强度间的关系,为黄淮海区域夏玉米高产栽培提供理论依据和技术指导。结果表明,随着种植密度增加,玉米穗位高和穗高比升高,茎周长变小,株高无显著变化;玉米茎秆穿刺强度、折断强度、压碎强度均降低;玉米穗长、穗行数、行粒数、轴粗、百粒质量、穗粒数均呈现下降趋势,穗粗无显著变化,秃尖长增加;玉米产量先增加后降低,以D3处理最高,D2处理次之,两者差异不显著,D5处理最低。茎秆穿刺强度、折断强度、压碎强度与穗位高、穗高比均呈极显著负相关。综上,在种植密度75 000~82 500株/hm2时,穗位高和茎粗适中,茎秆质量较好,穗部性状较优,产量较高。

关键词: 玉米, 种植密度, 茎秆强度, 穗部性状, 产量

Abstract: Five planting densities of 67 500(D1),75 000(D2),82 500(D3),90 000(D4)and 97 500(D5)plants/ha were set up to study the effects of planting density on stem strength,ear traits and yield of Baiyu 393,and the relationship between maize plant morphology and stem strength was analyzed,so as to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for high‑yield cultivation of summer maize in Huang‑Huai‑Hai region.The results showed that as the planting density increased,the ear height and ear height ratio of maize increased,the stem circumference decreased,and there was no significant change in plant height;The stem puncture strength,breaking strength and crushing strength of maize all decreased;The ear length,row number per ear,grain number per row,cob diameter,100‑grain weight and grain number per ear of maize all showed a downward trend,but there was no significant change in ear diameter,while the bald tip length increased;The maize yield first increased and then decreased,D3 treatment was the highest,followed by D2 treatment,the difference between the two treatments was not significant,while D5 treatment was the lowest.There were significant negative correlations between stem puncture strength,breaking strength,crushing strength and ear height,ear height ratio. In summary,when the planting density is 75 000—82 500 plants/ha,the ear height and stem diameter are moderate,the stem quality is good,the ear traits are superior,and the yield is higher.

Key words: Maize, Planting density, Stem strength, Ear traits, Yield

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