不同灌溉方式下养分配置对小麦、玉米产量和水分利用的影响

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2020.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了寻求小麦、玉米生产的最佳水肥配置模式，在不同灌溉方式（喷灌、移动喷灌、小白龙）下设置8个不同养分配置［底施N₃₄P₆K₈ 750 kg/hm²(T1)、底施N₃₄P₆K₈ 750 kg/hm²+追施纯N 75 kg/hm² (T2)、底施N₂₈P₁₅K₅ 750 kg/hm²(T3)、底施N₂₈P₁₅K₅ 750 kg/hm²+追施纯N 75 kg/hm²(T4)、底施控释肥600 kg/hm²(T5)、底施控释肥600 kg/hm²+追施纯N 75 kg/hm²(T6)、底施N₂₈P₁₅K₅375 kg/hm²+底施控释肥300 kg/hm²(T7)、底施N₂₈P₁₅K₅ 375 kg/hm²+底施控释肥300 kg/hm²+追施纯N 75 kg/hm²(T8)］，研究不同灌溉方式下养分配置对小麦、玉米产量及水分利用的影响。结果表明，与小白龙灌溉处理相比，移动喷灌和喷灌处理均可提高小麦株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量；喷灌处理小麦、玉米、小麦—玉米周年产量分别增加1.64%～14.04%、1.40%～6.89%、3.94%～0.07%，移动喷灌处理分别增加1.37%～12.88%、6.81%～16.47%、6.71%～11.21%；喷灌处理小麦、玉米、小麦—玉米周年灌水利用率分别提高0.26～2.03、0.19～0.90、0.57～1.27 kg/m³，移动喷灌处理分别提高0.21～1.96、0.82～2.08、0.91～1.63 kg/m³。喷灌和移动喷灌条件下，T8处理小麦产量高于其他处理；3种灌溉方式下，玉米及小麦—玉米周年产量均是T8处理高于其他处理。综合考虑，以移动喷灌结合底施N₂₈P₁₅K₅ 375 kg/hm²+底施控释肥300 kg/hm²+追施纯N 75 kg/hm²处理节水增产效果最佳。

关键词: 小麦, 玉米, 灌溉方式, 养分配置, 产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract: order to explore the best allocation of nutrient and water for wheat and maize,the effects of nutrient allocation[bottom application of N₃₄P₆K₈ 750 kg/ha(T1),bottom application of N₃₄P₆K₈ 750 kg/ha+topdressing pure nitrogen 75 kg/ha(T2),bottom application of N₂₈P₁₅K₅ 750 kg/ha(T3),bottom application of N28 P15 K5 750 kg/ ha + topdressing pure nitrogen 75 kg/ ha ( T4), bottom application of controlled-release fertilizer 600 kg/ ha(T5),bottom application of controlled-release fertilizer 600 kg/ha+topdressing pure nitrogen 75 kg/ha(T6),bottom application of N₂₈P₁₅K₅ 375 kg/ha+bottom application of controlled-release fertilizer 300 kg/ha(T7),bottom application of N₂₈P₁₅K₅ 375 kg/ha+bottom application of controlled-release fertilizer 300 kg/ha+topdressing pure nitrogen 75 kg/ha(T8)] on the annual yield and water use of wheat and maize were studied under different irrigation modes.The results showed that compared with the earthworm irrigation,mobile sprinkler irrigation and sprinkler irrigation could increase the plant height,spike length,spikelet number,grain number and 1 000-grain weight of wheat and maize;the wheat,maize and wheat-maize annual yields of sprinkler irrigation treatment increased by 1.64%—14.04%,1.40%—6.89% and 3.94%—10.07%,mobile sprinkler irrigation treatment increased by1.37%—12.88%,6.81%—16.47% and 6.71%—11.21%; irrigation use efficiency of wheat,maize and wheat-maize of sprinkler irrigation treatment increased by 0.26—2.03,0.19—0.90 kg/m³ and 0.57—1.27 kg/m³,and mobile irrigation treatment increased by 0.21—1.96,0.82—2.08 kg/m³ and 0.91—1.63 kg/m³;yields of wheat of T8 treatment were higher than those of other treatments under sprinkler irrigation and mobile sprinkler irrigation,maize and wheat-maize annual yields of T8 treatment were higher than those of other treatments under three irrigation methods. Overall,T8 treatment was the best under mobile sprinkler irrigation.

Key words: Wheat, Maize;Irrigation method;Nutrient allocation;Yield;Water use efficiency

中图分类号:

S512
S513

潘晓莹, 武继承, 杨永辉, 高翠民, 张洁梅, 王越, 何方. 不同灌溉方式下养分配置对小麦、玉米产量和水分利用的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2020, 49(3): 17-23.

PAN Xiaoying, WU Jicheng, YANG Yonghui, GAO Cuimin, ZHANG Jiemei, WANG Yue, HE Fang. Effects of Nutrient Allocation on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Wheat and Maize under Different Irrigation Methods[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 49(3): 17-23.

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