河南农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (7): 30-38.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2021.07.005

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

高粱和大豆间作对土壤水分分布及水分利用效率的影响

梁晓红,曹雄,张瑞栋,刘静,黄敏佳,王爱爱   

  1. (山西农业大学经济作物研究所,山西汾阳032200)
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-30 出版日期:2021-07-15 发布日期:2021-07-15
  • 通讯作者: 曹雄(1969-),男,山西石楼人,研究员,主要从事高粱遗传育种与栽培研究。E-mail:cxxp1969@163.com
  • 作者简介:梁晓红(1982-),女,山西柳林人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事高粱节水高效栽培技术研究。E-mail:lxh19821212@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    山西省农业科学院有机旱作农业研发专项(YCX2017D2403);农业农村部/财政部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-06-13.5-B10);吕梁市重点研发项目(2019NYZDYF19)

Effects of Sorghum⁃Soybean Intercropping on Soil Moisture Distribution and Water Use Efficiency

LIANG Xiaohong,CAO Xiong,ZHANG Ruidong,LIU Jing,HUANG Minjia,WANG Aiai   

  1. (Institute of Economic Crops,Shanxi Agricultural University,Fenyang 032200,China)
  • Received:2020-12-30 Published:2021-07-15 Online:2021-07-15

摘要: 为探讨高粱和大豆间作对水分利用的影响,于2018—2019年设置高秆高粱晋杂22单作(G1)、矮秆高粱晋杂34单作(G2)、大豆(2018年为晋豆40,2019年为晋豆25)单作(D)、2行高粱2行大豆间作(2G1∶2D、2G2∶2D)、2行高粱4行大豆间作(2G1∶4D、2G2∶4D)共7个处理,研究各处理0~100 cm土层土壤水分分布及作物叶片、干物质、产量水分利用效率和间作系统水分当量比。结果表明,整个生育期大豆单作处理0~100 cm土层土壤含水量总体上高于高粱和大豆间作处理和高粱单作处理;高粱带的含水量低于大豆带。与相应的高粱单作相比,晋杂22和大豆间作处理土壤含水量提高,晋杂34和大豆间作处理土壤含水量总体降低,尤其表现在40~80 cm土层。2 a 2G1∶2D、2G2∶2D、2G1∶4D、2G2∶4D处理大豆的叶片水分利用效率分别比D处理降低19.86%、16.14%、6.67%、5.26%,2∶4处理大豆的叶片水分利用优势高于2∶2处理。2G1∶2D、2G1∶4D处理高粱的干物质水分利用效率和产量水分利用效率与 G1处理差异不显著;与G2处理相比,2019年2G2∶2D处理高粱干物质、产量水分利用效率分别显著降低 24.02%、24.67%,2018、2019年2G2∶4D处理高粱的产量水分利用效率分别显著降低37.48%、35.81%。与大豆单作处理相比,2 a 2G1∶2D处理大豆的干物质水分利用效率平均显著降低50.71%,2019年2G1∶ 2D处理大豆的产量水分利用效率显著降低60.49%,2019年2G2∶2D处理大豆的干物质水分利用效率、产量水分利用效率分别显著降低42.92%、60.85%。不同间作处理的水分当量比均大于1,以2G1∶4D处理最高,说明高粱和大豆间作提高了农田水分利用效率。2018年不同间作处理的水分当量比差异不显著;2019年2∶4间作处理的水分当量比均显著高于2∶2间作处理,2G1∶4D、2G2∶4D处理分别比2G1∶2D、 2G2∶2D处理提高51.18%、48.28%。综上,在本试验条件下高粱和大豆间作提高了农田水分利用效率,以 2G1∶4D处理最优。

关键词: 高粱, 大豆, 间作, 土壤水分分布, 水分利用效率

Abstract: To explore the effects of sorghum⁃soybean intercropping on water use efficiency,field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019,seven treatments were designed,which were monoculture of high⁃stalk sorghum Jinza 22(G1),monoculture of low⁃stalk sorghum Jinza 34(G2),monoculture of soybean(D,Jindou 40 in 2018,Jindou 25 in 2019),intercropping of 2 rows of sorghum and 2 rows of soybean(2G1∶2D,2G2∶2D),intercropping of 2 rows of sorghum and 4 rows of soybean(2G1∶4D,2G2∶4D),and the distribution of 0—100 cm soil moisture,water use efficiency of leaf,dry biomass,yield of different treatments and water equivalent ratio(WER)of intercropping system were studied. The results showed that the soil water content(0—100 cm)of soybean monoculture treatment in the growth period was higher than those of sorghum⁃soybean intercropping and sorghum monoculture treatments,and the soil water content in sorghum strip was lower than that in soybean strip. Compared with the corresponding sorghum monoculture treatments,the average soil water content of Jinza 22⁃soybean intercropping treatment increased,and that of Jinza 34⁃soybean intercropping treatment decreased,especially in the 40—80 cm soil layer. Compared with the soybean monoculture treatment,the leaf water use efficiency of soybean of 2G1∶2D,2G2∶2D,2G1∶4D and 2G2∶4D treatments decreased by 19.86%,16.14%,6.67%,5.26% for two years respectively,and the leaf water use efficiency advantage of soybean of 2∶4 treatment performed better than that of 2∶2 treatment. The water use efficiencies of dry biomass and yield of sorghum of 2G1∶2D and 2G1∶4D treatments were not significantly different from G1 treatment. But compared with G2 treatment,the water use efficiencies of dry biomass and yield of sorghum of 2G2∶2D treatment significantly decreased by 24.02% and 24.67% in 2019,and the water use efficiency of yield of sorghum of 2G2∶4D treatment significantly decreased by 37.48% and 35.81% in 2018 and 2019 respectively. Compared with soybean monoculture treatment,the average water use efficiency of dry biomass of soybean of 2G1∶2D treatment decreased by 50.71% for two years,the water use efficiency of  yield of soybean of 2G1∶2D treatment significantly decreased by 60.49% in 2019,and the water use efficiency of dry biomass and yield of soybean of 2G2∶2D treatment significantly decreased by 42.92%and 60.85% in 2019 respectively. The water equivalent ratios of all intercropping treatments were more than 1,and 2G1∶4D treatment was the highest,indicating that the sorghum⁃soybean intercropping system increased cropland water use efficiency. There was no significant difference in water equivalent ratio among intercropping treatments in 2018. The water equivalent ratios of 2∶4 treatments were significantly higher than those of 2∶2 treatments,and 2G1∶4D,2G2∶4D treatments increased by 51.18%,48.28% compared with 2G1∶2D,2G2∶2D in 2019 respectively. In conclusion,sorghum⁃soybean intercropping increased cropland water use efficiency,and 2G1∶4D treatment was optimal under the experimental condition.

Key words: Sorghum, Soybean, Intercropping, Soil moisture distribution, Water use efficiency

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