河南农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (7): 13-21.DOI: 10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2022.07.002

• 作物栽培·遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

播期和播量对不同穗型小麦品种群体性状和产量的影响

易媛1,马红勃1,王静1,张会云1,赵娜1,2,朱雪成1,张娜1,刘东涛1   

  1. (1.江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所,江苏 徐州 221131;2.扬州大学小麦研究中心,江苏 扬州 225009)
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-21 出版日期:2022-07-15 发布日期:2022-09-09
  • 通讯作者: 刘东涛(1975-),男,陕西韩城人,研究员,博士,主要从事小麦遗传育种与栽培技术研究。E-mail:liudongtao317@163.com
  • 作者简介:易媛(1989-),女,江苏南通人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事小麦高产栽培生理生态研究。E-mail:yvonneyi19890803@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    徐州市重点研发计划项目(KC21131);徐州市农业科学院科研基金项目(RC2019001);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS 3-2-10);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2018340-02);现代作物生产省部共建协同创新中心项目

Effects of Sowing Date and Seeding Rate on Population Characteristics and Yield of Wheat with Different Spike Types

YI Yuan1,MA Hongbo1,WANG Jing1,ZHANG Huiyun1,ZHAO Na1,2,ZHU Xuecheng1,ZHANG Na1,LIU Dongtao1   

  1. (1.Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District,Xuzhou 221131,China;2.Wheat Research Institute,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)
  • Received:2022-01-21 Published:2022-07-15 Online:2022-09-09

摘要: 为明确淮北麦区不同穗型小麦品种不同播期条件下适宜的播种量,以多穗型品种徐麦40和大穗型品种徐麦41为材料,设置适期播种(10月10日)和晚播(10月25日)2个播期,每个播期下设常规播量(D1,适期播种为120 kg/hm2,晚播为180 kg/hm2)、1.25倍常规播量(D2)和1.5倍常规播量(D3)3个播量,研究播期和播量对不同穗型小麦品种群体性状和产量的影响。结果表明,适期播种有利于提高单株茎蘖数、单株穗数、成穗率、穗粒数、千粒质量、粒质量叶比和收获指数;晚播条件下增加播量对小麦干物质积累量、冬前茎蘖数、最大茎蘖数、穗数、叶面积指数和总结实粒数有补偿作用,但单株茎蘖数、单株穗数、成穗率、粒质量叶比、穗粒数、千粒质量和收获指数降低。与徐麦41相比,多穗型品种徐麦40具有较强的茎蘖成穗能力,较高的成穗率和总结实粒数,但穗粒数、千粒质量、收获指数较低。与适期播种相比,晚播条件下增加播量,多穗型品种徐麦40产量仍可维持在适期播种水平,而大穗型品种徐麦41则减产较多。适期播种条件下,多穗型品种徐麦40和大穗型品种徐麦41适宜播量分别为120 kg/hm2和150 kg/ hm2;晚播条件下,2个品种均以播量180 kg/hm2为宜。综上,多穗型品种徐麦40具有较强的茎蘖成穗能力和较高的成穗率,晚播条件下,由于增加播量对穗数的促进作用大于对穗粒数和千粒质量的降低作用,故产量仍可维持适期播种条件下水平,说明该品种播期弹性较大,可适应生产上极端天气导致的播期推迟状况。

关键词: 小麦, 播期, 播量, 产量, 多穗品种, 大穗品种, 群体性状

Abstract: In order to definite the suitable seeding rate of different wheat varieties with different spike types in Huaibei wheat area under different sowing dates,Xumai 40(multiple spike type)and Xumai 41(large spike type)were used as materials to explore the effects of sowing date[October 10(suitable sowing date)and October 25(late sowing date)]and seeding rate[conventional seeding rate(D1,120 kg/ha under suitable sowing date,180 kg/ha under late sowing date),25% more than conventional seeding rate(D2)and 50% more than conventional seeding rate(D3)]on population characteristics and grain yield.The results showed that suitable sowing date was beneficial to increase of stem and tiller number per plant,panicle number per plant,panicle rate,grain number per panicle,1 000‑grain weight,grain weight‑leaf ratio and harvest index(HI). The increase of seeding rate had compensation effects on dry matter accumulation,stem and tiller number before wintering,maximum stem and tiller number,panicle number,leaf area index and total setting grain number,while reduced the stem and tiller number per plant,panicle number per plant,panicle rate,grain weight‑leaf ratio,grain number per panicle,1 000‑grain weight and HI under late sowing date. Compared with Xumai 41,Xumai 40 had stronger panicle formation of stem and tiller,higher panicle rate and total setting grain number,lower grain number per panicle,1 000‑grain weight and HI. Under late sowing date,by increasing seeding rate,the yield of Xumai 40 still reached the similar level to suitable sowing date,while the yield of Xumai 41 obviously decreased compared with suitable sowing date. Under suitable sowing date,the appropriate seeding rate of Xumai 40 was 120 kg/ha,and that of Xumai 41 was 150 kg/ha;under late sowing date,the appropriate seeding rates of Xumai 40 and Xumai 41 were both 180 kg/ha. In conclusion,Xumai 40(multiple spike type)had stronger panicle formation of stem and tiller and higher panicle rate;under late sowing date,the promoting effect of increase of seeding rate on panicle number was greater than the decrease effect of increase of seeding rate on grain number per panicle and 1 000‑grain weight,so the yield of Xumai 40 still reached the similar level to suitable sowing date,indicating that Xumai 40 had wide adaptability under different sowing dates,and could adapt to the late sowing date caused by extreme weather through properly increasing sowing rate.

Key words: Wheat, Sowing date, Seeding rate, Grain yield, Multiple spike variety, Large spike variety, Population characteristics

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