Effects of Biochar Combined with Mineral Amendments on Soil Carbon‑Nitrogen Regulation and Tobacco Leaf Quality

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.11.008

Abstract

Abstract: With flue‑cured tobacco as the research object，different biochar materials（rice husk biochar and corn straw biochar）were combined with different mineral amendments（bentonite and sepiolite）to explore the effects of different biochar and soil mineral amendment combinations on the growth of flue‑cured tobacco，soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics，and the yield and quality of tobacco leaves. A field experiment was conducted，with a total of seven treatments：the control treatment（CK，no biochar and amendment）；rice husk biochar alone（R）；rice husk biochar+bentonite（R1）；rice husk biochar+sepiolite（R2）；corn straw biochar alone（C）；corn straw biochar+bentonite（C1）；and corn straw biochar+sepiolite（C2）. The results indicated that R1 treatment significantly increased the content of total nitrogen and alkali‑soluble nitrogen. Specifically，the total nitrogen content during the harvesting stage increased by 19.10% compared to CK，and the decrease in total nitrogen（11.50%）was notably lower than that of CK（21.70%）. R1 treatment significantly enhanced the quality of soil carbon pool，with organic carbon，dissolved organic carbon，and microbial biomass carbon contents increased by 21.60%，22.30%，and 39.00% respectively compared to CK，and the carbon‑to‑nitrogen ratio increased from 8.10 to 11.34.The dry weight of the root system in R1 treatment increased by 26. 90% and 23. 80% during the vigorous growth period and the harvesting stage，respectively，compared to CK. In terms of economic traits and tobacco leaf quality，the yield of flue‑cured tobacco in R1 treatment reached 2 709.69 kg/ha，with an increase of 6.55% compared to CK；the proportion of high‑quality tobacco increased to 58.12%，and the average price and output value increased by 11.04% and 18.45% respectively compared to CK.The analysis of chemical components in tobacco leaves showed that R1 treatment optimized key indicators such as nicotine（3.27%），total sugar（31.40%），and petroleum ether extract（8.63%），among which the content of petroleum ether extract increased by 21.90% compared to CK. In contrast，the effect of the corn straw biochar treatment group was generally inferior to that of the rice husk biochar treatment group，indicating that the characteristics of biochar raw materials were the key influencing factor.In summary，the combination treatment of rice husk biochar and bentonite（R1）exhibited the best comprehensive effect. This treatment could effectively improve the carbon and nitrogen environment of rhizosphere soil，enhance nutrient retention capacity，and significantly enhance the yield and quality of flue‑cured tobacco.

Key words: Tobacco, Biochar, Bentonite, Sepiolite, Nitrogen dynamic, Carbon dynamic, Tobacco leaf quality, Carbon pool characteristic

摘要： 以烤烟为研究对象，采用不同生物炭材料（稻壳生物炭和玉米秸秆生物炭）分别与不同矿物改良剂（膨润土和海泡石）进行配施，探究不同生物炭与土壤矿物改良剂组配对烤烟生长、土壤碳氮动态及烟叶产质量的影响。采用大田试验，共设7个处理：常规处理（CK，不施用生物炭和改良剂）；单施稻壳生物炭（R）；稻壳生物炭+膨润土（R1）；稻壳生物炭+海泡石（R2）；单施玉米秸秆生物炭（C）；玉米秸秆生物炭+膨润土（C1）；玉米秸秆生物炭+海泡石（C2）。结果表明，R1处理显著提高了全氮和碱解氮含量，其中采烤期全氮含量较CK增加19.10%，全氮降幅（11.50%）明显低于CK（21.70%）。R1处理显著提升了土壤碳库质量，有机碳、溶解性有机碳和微生物量碳含量分别较CK增加21.60%、22.30%、39.00%，碳氮比从8.10提高到11.34。R1处理的根系干质量在旺长期和采烤期分别较CK提高26.90%、23.80%。在经济性状和烟叶品质方面，R1处理的烤烟产量达2 709.69 kg/hm²，较CK增产6.55%；上等烟比例提高至58.12%，均价和产值分别较CK提升11.04%、18.45%。烟叶化学成分分析结果显示，R1处理优化了烟碱（3.27%）、总糖（31.40%）和石油醚提取物（8.63%）等关键指标，其中石油醚提取物含量较CK 提高21.90%。相比之下，玉米秸秆生物炭处理组的效果总体上逊于稻壳生物炭处理组，表明生物炭原料特性是关键影响因素。综上，稻壳生物炭与膨润土组合处理（R1）表现出最优的综合效应，该处理能有效改善根际土壤碳氮环境，增强养分保持能力，显著提升烤烟产量和品质。

关键词: 烤烟, 生物炭, 膨润土, 海泡石, 氮动态, 碳动态, 烟叶品质, 碳库特征

CLC Number:

S572.01

ZHAO Wenjun, YIN Mei, LIU Kui, WANG Zhengxu, FU Libo, XU Zihe, WAN Xiang, WANG Zhiyuan, CHEN Jianfeng, CHEN Hua. Effects of Biochar Combined with Mineral Amendments on Soil Carbon‑Nitrogen Regulation and Tobacco Leaf Quality[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(11): 70-78.

赵文军, 尹梅, 刘魁, 王正旭, 付利波, 徐梓荷, 宛祥, 王志远, 陈检锋, 陈华. 生物炭组配矿物改良剂对土壤碳氮调控效应及烟叶品质的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(11): 70-78.

Figures/Tables 5

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