Pathogens Identification and Study on Regularity of Mildew in Cigar Tobacco Leaves from Sichuan

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.08.011

Abstract

Abstract: In order to clarify the mildew species that cause mildew during the storage of cigar tobacco stacks and their mildew‑causing pattern，the molds were systematically identified by means of selective medium screening，combined with morphology，MALDI‑TOF MS identification and molecular biology，and the mildew‑causing rules of molds under different environmental temperature and humidity conditions were studied.The results showed as follows，the molds causing mildew in Sichuan cigar tobacco were Aspergillus montevidensis，Aspergillus cristatus and Syncephalastrum monosporum.Aspergillus montevidensis and Aspergillus cristatus grew faster on Salt Czapek Dox Agar，the number of germinable spores in spore suspension decreased with the increase of treatment temperature，heat treatment at temperatures above 50 ℃ for 10 minutes could significantly reduce the number of germinable spores，and high temperature would kill their spores.The growth rate of Syncephalastrum monosporum was faster on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar，and the number of germinable spores was less affected by temperature.The Aspergillus montevidensis grew most favorably at a temperature of 20 ℃ and a humidity of 60%，while Aspergillus cristatus preferred 28 ℃ and 70%.Temperature and humidity had no significant effect on the growth of Syncephalastrum monosporum. It was found that Aspergillus montevidensis had the strongest mildew causing ability under the condition of 60% or 70% humidity and 20 ℃.Aspergillus cristatus had the highest mildew causing ability at 28 ℃ and 90% humidity.Syncephalastrum monosporum had the highest mildew causing ability at 28 ℃ and 70% humidity. In conclusion，the growth and propagation of major molds can be inhibited by reasonable control of storage temperature and other environmental conditions during tobacco stacking storage，thus reducing the possibility of tobacco mildew.

Key words: Cigar tobacco, Stacking storage, Mildew, Identification, Mildew regularity, Temperature and humidity

摘要： 为明确雪茄烟叶堆垛存放期间引起霉变的霉菌种类及其致霉规律，通过选择性培养基筛选，结合形态学、基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱仪（MALDI-TOF MS）鉴定和分子生物学等手段对霉菌进行系统鉴定，并对其在不同环境温湿度条件下的致霉规律进行研究。结果表明，引起四川堆垛存放雪茄烟叶霉变的霉菌有蒙地曲霉（Aspergillus montevidensis）、冠突曲霉（Aspergillus cristatus）和单胞共头霉（Syncephalastrum monosporum）。蒙地曲霉和冠突曲霉在高盐察氏培养基上生长较快，孢子悬浮液中可萌发孢子数随处理温度升高而降低，50 ℃以上温度热处理10 min可显著降低可萌发孢子数，高温会杀死其孢子；单胞共头霉在沙氏培养基上生长较快，可萌发孢子数受温度影响较小。蒙地曲霉在温度20 ℃、相对湿度60%的环境条件下生长最为适宜；冠突曲霉在28 ℃、相对湿度为70%的环境下生长最为适宜；在单胞共头霉可生长的条件下，温度和湿度对其生长无显著影响。致霉规律研究发现，湿度为60%或70%、20 ℃条件下蒙地曲霉的致霉能力最强；28 ℃、湿度为90%时冠突曲霉致霉能力最强；28 ℃、湿度为70%时单胞共头霉致霉能力最强。综上，在烟叶堆垛储藏过程中可通过合理控制储藏温度等方式抑制主要霉菌的生长和繁殖，进而减少烟叶霉变发生的可能性。

关键词: 雪茄烟叶, 堆垛存放, 霉菌, 鉴定, 致霉规律, 温湿度

CLC Number:

TS453

LIU Mengfen, MAI Xuan, LIU Mengmeng, XUE Fang, LI Dong, YE Changwen, ZHU Beibei, XU Pengfei, CHEN Guokang, HUANG Kuo. Pathogens Identification and Study on Regularity of Mildew in Cigar Tobacco Leaves from Sichuan[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(8): 111-121.

刘梦芬, 麦漩, 刘萌萌, 薛芳, 李栋, 叶长文, 朱贝贝, 徐鹏飞, 陈国康, 黄阔. 四川雪茄烟叶中霉菌的分离鉴定及致霉规律研究[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(8): 111-121.

Figures/Tables 11

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