Effects of Exogenous Regulators on Superior and Inferior Grain Filling and Yield of Wheat

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.09.003

Abstract

Abstract: In order to investigate the yield‑increasing effect of different exogenous regulators on wheat，the semi‑winter wheat cultivars Zhoumai 36 and Bainong 207 were used as materials，and different exogenous regulators［distilled water+emulsifier（Tween 80）（CK1，T1），KH2PO4 +emulsifier（Tween 80）（CK2，T2），salicylic acid+ZnSO₄+MnSO₄+chitin+spermidine+6‑BA+emulsifier（Tween 80）（T3），salicylic acid+ZnSO₄+MnSO₄+H₃BO₃+chitin+phthalanilic acid+brassinolide+emulsifier（Tween 80）（T4），salicylic acid+ ZnSO₄+MnSO₄+H₃BO₃+chitin+phthalanilic acid+spermidine+emulsifier（Tween 80）（T5），salicylic acid+ZnSO₄+MnSO₄+H₃BO₃+chitin+brassinolide+6‑BA+emulsifier（Tween 80）（T6）］were sprayed on the leaves at wheat full‑heading stage and mid‑filling stage，and the effects of different exogenous regulators on superior and inferior grain filling and yield of wheat were explored. The results showed that compared with CK1 and CK2，the 1 000‑grain weight of superior and inferior grains of Zhoumai 36 and Bainong 207 obviously improved under T5 and T6 treatments at 37 d after anthesis；the time of reaching the maximum grain filling rate of inferior grains of Zhoumai 36 and Bainong 207 was advanced under T4，T5 and T6 treatments；at 22 d after anthesis，the grain filling rate of superior grains of the two wheat cultivars obviously increased under T4，T5 and T6 treatments.With the advancement of grain filling，the contribution of superior grains to total grain weight per panicle of wheat generally decreased first and then increased.T3—T6 treatments were beneficial to improve the contribution of inferior grains to total grain weight per panicle of Zhoumai 36 and Bainong 207 at 27 d after anthesis compared with CK1，and the contribution of superior grains to total grain weight per panicle of Zhoumai 36 and Bainong 207 at 37 d after anthesis compared with CK1 and CK2. Compared with CK1 and CK2，the activities of ADP‑glucose pyrophosphorylase（AGP） and soluble starch synthase（SSS） in superior grains and SSS and granule‑bound starch synthase（GBSS）in inferior grains of Zhoumai 36 and Bainong 207 of T3—T6 treatments increased at 25 d after anthesis.Compared with CK1 and CK2，T3—T6 treatments were beneficial to improve the grain number per spike，1 000‑grain weight and yield of Zhoumai 36 and Bainong 207，and the yield increased significantly，T6 treatment was the best，followed by T5 treatment.Under T6 treatment，the yields of Zhoumai 36 and Bainong 207 significantly increased by 14.0% and 9.6% compared with CK1，and 9.7% and 6.1% compared with CK2，respectively. Under T5 treatment，the yields of Zhoumai 36 and Bainong 207 significantly increased by 11.5% and 6.7% compared with CK1，and 7.3% and 3.3% compared with CK2，respectively.In addition，T6 treatment significantly reduced the defective grain number.Overall，application of different exogenous regulators generally can increase the filling rate of both superior and inferior grains，1 000‑grain weight and yield of wheat in different degree，and T6 treatment shows the best effect.

Key words: Wheat, Exogenous regulator, Grain filling, Superior grain, Inferior grain, Yield

摘要： 为探究不同外源调节剂对小麦的增产效应，以半冬性小麦品种周麦36和百农207为材料，于小麦齐穗期和灌浆中期叶面喷施不同外源调节剂［清水+乳化剂（吐温80）（CK1，T1）、KH₂PO₄+乳化剂（吐温80）（CK2，T2）、水杨酸+ZnSO₄+MnSO₄+壳多糖+亚精胺+6-BA+乳化剂（吐温80）（T3）、水杨酸+ZnSO₄+MnSO₄+H₃BO₃+壳多糖+苯肽胺酸+芸苔素内酯+乳化剂（吐温80）（T4）、水杨酸+ZnSO₄+MnSO₄+H₃BO₃+壳多糖+苯肽胺酸+亚精胺+乳化剂（吐温80）（T5）、水杨酸+ZnSO₄+MnSO₄+H₃BO₃+壳多糖+芸苔素内酯+6-BA+乳化剂（吐温80）（T6）］，研究外源调节剂对小麦强、弱势粒灌浆及产量的影响。结果表明，花后37 d，T5、T6处理周麦36和百农207强、弱势粒千粒质量均较CK1和CK2明显提高。与CK1和CK2相比，T4、T5、T6处理周麦36和百农207弱势粒达到最大灌浆速率的时间提前，且花后22 d，强势粒灌浆速率明显提高。随着灌浆进程的推进，强势粒对穗总粒质量的贡献度总体上先降低后升高，T3—T6处理有利于提高周麦36和百农207花后27 d弱势粒对穗总粒质量的贡献度（与CK1比）和花后37 d强势粒对穗总粒质量的贡献度（与CK1和CK2比）。与CK1和CK2处理相比，T3—T6有利于提高花后25 d周麦36和百农207强势粒中ADPG焦磷酸化酶（AGP）、可溶性淀粉合成酶（SSS）活性和弱势粒中SSS、结合态淀粉合成酶（GBSS）活性。与CK1和CK2相比，T3—T6处理均有利于提高周麦36和百农207穗粒数、千粒质量和产量，且增产效果显著，以T6处理最佳，周麦36、百农207分别较CK1增产14.0%、9.6%，较CK2增产9.7%、6.1%；T5处理次之，周麦36、百农207分别较CK1增产11.5%、6.7%，较CK2增产7.3%、3.3%。另外，T6处理可显著降低麦穗缺粒数。综上，喷施不同外源调节剂总体上可以不同程度地提高小麦强、弱势粒灌浆速率、千粒质量及产量，以T6处理效果最佳。

关键词: 小麦, 外源调节剂, 灌浆, 强势粒, 弱势粒, 产量

CLC Number:

S512

ZHANG Suyu, LIU Hongjie, REN Dechao, YANG Mingda, GE Jun, ZHAO Jingling, ZHU Peipei, ZHENG Dongfang. Effects of Exogenous Regulators on Superior and Inferior Grain Filling and Yield of Wheat[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(9): 23-33.

张素瑜, 刘红杰, 任德超, 杨明达, 葛君, 赵敬领, 朱培培, 郑东方. 外源调节剂对小麦强、弱势粒灌浆及产量的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(9): 23-33.

Figures/Tables 6

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