The Impact of Exogenous Selenium on the Physiological Characteristics of Flax under Drought Stress

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.006

Abstract

Abstract: To investigate the methods for alleviating drought stress in flax and improving its drought resistance，the cultivar Jinya 10 was selected as the experimental material.At the budding stage，three treatments were designed：normal control（CK），drought stress following a spray of clear water（DS），and drought stress after spraying 50 g/ha Na₂SeO₃（SE）.Foliar applications of water and selenium fertilizer were conducted，and after the drought period，various parameters were measured，including photosynthetic indices，chlorophyll fluorescence parameters，H₂O₂ content，malondialdehyde（MDA）level，antioxidant enzyme activities，osmotic adjustment substance content，nitrogen metabolism‑related enzyme activities，yield，and yield components.The results revealed that drought stress at the budding stage significantly impaired plant growth and development，whereas selenium application notably mitigated the detrimental effects of drought on flax.The grain yield under the SE treatment was significantly higher，with an increase of 16. 43% compared to the DS treatment，primarily due to a substantial rise in the number of capsules per plant and seeds per capsule. Exogenous selenium treatment substantially improved the net photosynthetic rate（Pn），stomatal conductance（Gs），and transpiration rate（Tr） in flax leaves under drought stress，while also increased chlorophyll content.Additionally，the maximum photochemical efficiency（Fv/Fm）and the actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ（ΦPSⅡ）were significantly enhanced. Selenium fertilizer also considerably enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD），peroxidase（POD），catalase（CAT），nitrate reductase（NR），glutamine synthetase（GS），and glutamate dehydrogenase（GDH）under drought stress，with activity increases ranging from 11.19% to 20.57%.It also significantly reduced the non‑photochemical quenching coefficient（NPQ），H₂O₂，and MDA content. Therefore，foliar application of 50 g/ha selenium fertilizer effectively alleviated the negative effects of drought stress during the budding stage on flax growth and yield by enhancing photosynthetic efficiency，optimizing chlorophyll fluorescence parameters，boosting the activity of antioxidant enzymes and nitrogen metabolism related enzymes，and decreasing reactive oxygen species and MDA levels.

Key words: Flax, Drought stress, Exogenous selenium, Yield, Photosynthesis

摘要： 为探索缓解胡麻干旱胁迫的方法，提高胡麻抗旱性，以晋亚10号为供试材料，待植株生长至现蕾期，设置正常对照（CK）、喷施清水后干旱（DS）、喷施50 g/hm² Na₂SeO₃溶液后干旱（SE）3个处理，分别叶面喷施清水和硒肥，测定干旱结束后所有处理的光合作用指标、叶绿素荧光参数、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量、氮代谢相关酶活性和产量及产量构成。结果表明，现蕾期干旱胁迫极大地抑制了植株的生长发育，施用硒肥显著缓解了干旱对胡麻的不利影响，SE处理籽粒产量比DS处理显著提高16.43%，这主要归因于单株果数和每果粒数的显著增加。外源硒处理显著提升了干旱胁迫下胡麻叶片的净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr），并增加了叶绿素含量，且使最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）和PSⅡ实际光化学效率（ΦPSⅡ）得到显著提高。硒肥还显著增强了干旱胁迫下胡麻的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、硝酸还原酶（NR）、谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）和谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）的活性，增幅达11.19%~20.57%，使非光化学淬灭系数（NPQ）及H₂O₂和MDA含量显著降低。可见，喷施50 g/hm²硒肥可提高胡麻光合作用效率、改善叶绿素荧光参数、提高抗氧化酶和氮代谢关键酶活性、降低活性氧和MDA含量，有效缓解现蕾期干旱胁迫对胡麻生长发育及产量的不利影响。

关键词: 胡麻, 干旱胁迫, 外源硒, 产量, 光合作用

CLC Number:

S565.9

WANG Wenxia, LIU Yuqi, XIA Qing, ZHI Hui, DU Jie. The Impact of Exogenous Selenium on the Physiological Characteristics of Flax under Drought Stress[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(7): 55-63.

王文霞, 刘宇琪, 夏清, 智慧, 杜杰. 外源硒对干旱胁迫下胡麻生理特性的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(7): 55-63.

Figures/Tables 5

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