Effect of Fertilization and Planting Density on Yield，Quality of Oat Forage and Soil Physicochemical Property

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.004

Abstract

Abstract: Taking Baiyan 7 as material，the effects of fertilization[single application of 18 000 kg/ha bio‑organic fertilizer(A),single application of 225 kg/ha pasture‑specific fertilizer(B),and combined application of 50% pasture‑specific fertilizer(112.5 kg/ha)+50% bio‑organic fertilizer(9 000 kg/ha)(C)]and planting density[4.75 million plants/ha(1)，5.75 million plants/ha(2),and 6.75 million plants/ha(3)]on oat plant height,leaf area,photosynthetic characteristics,forage yield,quality,and soil physicochemical properties were analyzed,and comprehensive evaluation was conducted using membership function method to screen the optimal treatment,so as to provide theoretical basis for efficient production of oat forage and sustainable soil utilization in alpine ecological regions.The results showed that from the perspectives of oat growth,yield and nutritional quality,C1,C2 and C3 treatments performed well,overall,C2 treatment had the best performance.C2 treatment had the highest plant height,coverage,leaf area,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,SPAD value,fresh grass yield,dry grass yield,crude protein content,soluble sugar content,total digestible nutrient content and relative feeding value，which significantly increased by 79.88%,44.60%,38.87%,61.30%,48.26%,38.51%,45.08%,74.05%,65.16%,70.24%,40.22%,60.90% and 42.83%,respectively,compared with CK(planting density of 4.75 million plants/ha without fertilization).C2 treatment had lower acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents,which significantly reduced by 24.63% and 19.18%,respectively,compared with CK.Additionally,C2 treatment had second‑highest crude fat content and relative forage value,which significantly increased by 104.10% and 37.66%,respectively,compared with CK.Soil physicochemical properties of C2 treatment were improved,organic carbon content was 41.80 g/kg,total nitrogen content was 3.65 g/kg,while electrical conductivity and pH value decreased.The comprehensive evaluation result showed that C2 treatment had the highest membership function value(0.83),followed by C1 treatment,while CK performed the worst.In conclusion,under the combined application of 50% pasture‑specific fertilizer(112.50 kg/ha)+ 50% bio‑organic fertilizer(9 000 kg/ha)and planting density of 5.75 million plants/ha,the oat had the best growth performance,highest forage yield and nutritional quality,and favorable soil physicochemical property,which is suitable for widespread adoption in high‑altitude regions.

Key words: Oat, Fertilization, Planting density, Forage yield, Forage quality, Soil physicochemical property, Membership function

摘要： 以白燕7号为研究对象，分析施肥［单施生物有机肥18 000 kg/hm²（A）、单施牧草专用肥225 kg/hm²（B）、施50%牧草专用肥（112.5 kg/hm²）+50%生物有机肥（9 000 kg/hm²）（C）］和种植密度［475万株/hm²（1）、575万株/hm²（2）和675万株/hm²（3）］对燕麦株高、叶面积、光合特性、饲草产量、品质及土壤理化性质的影响，并通过隶属函数进行综合评价，筛选出最佳处理，为高寒生态区燕麦饲草产业的高效生产与土壤可持续利用提供理论依据。结果表明，从燕麦生长、饲草产量和营养品质来看，C1、C2、C3处理表现较好，总体上以C2处理最好，其株高、盖度、叶面积、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、SPAD值、鲜草产量、干草产量、粗蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、总可消化养分含量、相对饲喂价值均最高，分别较CK（种植密度475 万株/hm²，不施肥）显著提高79.88%、44.60%、38.87%、61.30%、48.26%、38.51%、45.08%、74.05%、65.16%、70.24%、40.22%、60.90%、42.83%；酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量较低，分别较CK显著降低24.63%、19.18%；另外，粗脂肪含量、相对饲草价值均居第二，分别较CK显著提高104.10%、37.66%；土壤理化性质较CK改善，有机碳含量和全氮含量分别为41.80 g/kg和3.65 g/kg，电导率和pH值均有所降低。综合评价结果表明，C2处理综合表现最好，隶属函数值高达0.83，其次为C1处理，CK最差。综上，在种植密度575万株/hm²、施50%牧草专用肥（112.5 kg/hm²）+50%生物有机肥（9 000 kg/hm²）时，燕麦生长良好，饲草产量最高，营养品质最佳，且土壤理化性质较好，适合在高海拔地区推广应用。

关键词: 燕麦, 施肥, 种植密度, 饲草产量, 饲草品质, 土壤理化性质, 隶属函数

CLC Number:

S512.6

CAI Zongcheng, LÜ Liangyu, LIU Qingqing, ZHANG Hairong, LI Fayi, BAO Shancun, FU Shouquan, SHI Jianjun. Effect of Fertilization and Planting Density on Yield，Quality of Oat Forage and Soil Physicochemical Property[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(7): 30-39.

蔡宗程, 吕亮雨, 刘青青, 张海蓉, 李发毅, 保善存, 付守全, 施建军. 施肥和种植密度对燕麦饲草产量、品质和土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(7): 30-39.

Figures/Tables 10

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