Effects of Plant Spacing and Seedling Number per Hill Configurations on Panicle Traits，Yield and Quality of Japonica Rice

doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2025.07.003

Abstract

Abstract: The effects of different plant spacing（10，15，20 cm）and seedling number per hill（2，4，6 seedlings/hill）configurations on tiller dynamics，panicle traits，yield and grain quality of japonica rice were studied.A comprehensive evaluation was conducted to determine the optimal treatment using the TOPSIS method，so as to provide support for synergistic improvement of yield and quality in southern Henan Province.The results showed that the tiller number per hill and population tiller number increased with the increase of seedling number per hill；The tiller number per hill increased with the increase of plant spacing，but population tiller number decreased. The panicle length，primary branch number，secondary branch number and grain number of secondary branch increased with the decrease of seedling number per hill or increase of plant spacing. A opening‑downward quadratic parabolic relationship was observed between basic seedling number and yield. The T8 treatment（plant spacing of 15 cm with 6 seedlings/hill）had the highest yield（9.68 t/ha），followed by T4 treatment（plant spacing of 10 cm with 4 seedlings/hill），there was no significant difference between these two treatments.High yield was attributed to elevated effective panicle number and grain number per panicle.The plant spacing，seedling number per hill and their interaction significantly affected grain quality. With the increase of seedling number per hill，milling and appearance quality tended to deteriorate，but taste value generally enhanced；With the increase of plant spacing，processing and appearance quality improved，but taste value generally decreased. TOPSIS analysis identified T8 treatment as the optimal treatment，followed by T4 treatment. Overall，either plant spacing of 15 cm with 6 seedlings/hill or plant spacing of 10 cm with 4 seedlings/hill can achieve high yield and quality for japonica rice in southern Henan Province.

Key words: Japonica rice, Plant spacing, Seedling number per hill, Panicle traits, Yield, Quality

摘要： 研究不同株距（10、15、20 cm）与穴苗数（2、4、6苗/穴）配置对粳稻茎蘖动态、穗部性状、产量及稻米品质的影响，并基于TOPSIS法对各处理进行综合评价，以确定最优处理，为豫南地区实现水稻产量与品质协同提升提供支撑。结果表明，随着穴苗数增加，单穴茎蘖数和群体茎蘖数均增加，而随着株距增加，尽管单穴茎蘖数增加，但群体茎蘖数降低。穗长、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数以及二次枝梗粒数均随穴苗数的减少、株距的增加而增加。基本苗数与产量呈开口向下的二次抛物曲线关系，以株距15 cm、穴苗数6苗处理（T8）产量最高，达到9.68 t/hm²，其次为株距10 cm、穴苗数4苗处理（T4），二者差异不显著。高产主要得益于较高的有效穗数和穗粒数。株距、穴苗数及二者交互作用对稻米品质存在显著影响。随着穴苗数增加，籽粒加工品质和外观品质均有变劣趋势，但食味值总体上呈升高趋势；随着株距增加，加工品质和外观品质逐渐改善，但食味值总体上呈降低趋势。综合评价发现，T8处理最优，其次为T4 处理。综上，在豫南地区，粳稻栽培采用株距15 cm、6 苗/穴或株距10 cm、4 苗/穴，可实现优质高产。

关键词: 粳稻, 株距, 穴苗数, 穗部性状, 产量, 品质

CLC Number:

S511

LIU Qiuyuan, GONG Jingyang, WEI Yunfei, LI Meng, JI Xin, LIU Juan, FENG Fan, WANG Fujuan, LEI Zhenshan, SONG Xiaohua. Effects of Plant Spacing and Seedling Number per Hill Configurations on Panicle Traits，Yield and Quality of Japonica Rice[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(7): 21-29.

刘秋员, 龚静阳, 卫云飞, 李猛, 季新, 刘娟, 冯凡, 王付娟, 雷振山, 宋晓华. 株距与穴苗数配置对粳稻穗部性状、产量及品质的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2025, 54(7): 21-29.

Figures/Tables 7

References

［1］董立强，杨铁鑫，李睿，等. 株行距配置对超高产田水稻产量及根系形态生理特性的影响［J］.中国水稻科学，2023，37（4）：392‑404.

DONG L Q，YANG T X，LI R，et al. Effect of plant‑row spacing on rice yield and root morphological and physiological characteristics in super high yield field［J］.Chinese Journal of Rice Science，2023，37（4）：392‑404.

［2］林洪鑫，潘晓华，石庆华，等.栽插密度与施氮量对双季稻上部三叶叶长和叶角的影响［J］.作物学报，2010，36 （10）：1743‑1751.

LIN H X，PAN X H，SHI Q H，et al. Effects of nitrogen application amount and planting density on angle and length of top three leaves in double‑cropping rice［J］.Acta Agronomica Sinica，2010，36（10）：1743‑1751.

［3］郭保卫，朱聪聪，朱大伟，等. 钵苗机插密度对不同类型水稻齐穗期株型及冠层微环境的影响［J］.生态学杂志，2015，34（1）：9‑17.

GUO B W，ZHU C C，ZHU D W，et al. Effects of planting density on plant form and micrometeorology in different types of rice with potted seedlings by mechanical‑transplanting method［J］.Chinese Journal of Ecology，2015，34（1）：9‑17.

［4］GE J L，ZHANG X B，WEI H H，et al.A decreased nitrogen rate with increased planting density facilitated better palatability of conventional japonica rice at high yield levels［J］.Agriculture，2022，12（9）：1292.

［5］HUANG M，CHEN J N，CAO F B，et al. Increased hill density can compensate for yield loss from reduced nitrogen input in machine‑transplanted double‑cropped rice［J］.Field Crops Research，2018，221：333‑338.

［6］HOU W F，KHAN M R，ZHANG J L，et al.Nitrogen rate and plant density interaction enhances radiation interception，yield and nitrogen use efficiency of mechanically transplanted rice ［J］. Agriculture，Ecosystems & Environment，2019，269：183‑192.

［7］石爱龙，祝海竣，唐舟，等. 氮肥与密度对水稻光合特性和产量的影响［J］. 杂交水稻，2022，37（2）：109‑117.

SHI A L，ZHU H J，TANG Z，et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and density on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of rice［J］.Hybrid Rice，2022，37（2）：109‑117.

［8］郎有忠，王美娥，吕川根，等. 水稻叶片形态、群体结构和产量对种植密度的响应［J］. 江苏农业学报，2012，28 （1）：7‑11.
LANG Y Z，WANG M E，LÜ C G，et al. Response of leaf morphology，population structure and yield to planting density in rice［J］. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences，2012，28（1）：7‑11.

［9］吕宙，易秉怀，陈平平，等. 施氮量与移栽密度对小粒型杂交水稻产量形成的影响［J］.中国水稻科学，2024，38（4）：422‑436.
LÜ Z，YI B H，CHEN P P，et al.Effects of nitrogen application rate and transplanting density on yield formation of small seed hybrid rice［J］.Chinese Journal of Rice Science，2024，38（4）：422‑436.

［10］郑克武，邹江石，吕川根.氮肥和栽插密度对杂交稻“两优培九”产量及氮素吸收利用的影响［J］.作物学报，2006，32（6）：885‑893.
ZHENG K W，ZOU J S，LÜ C G，et al.Effects of transplanting density and nitrogen fertilizer on yield formation and N absorption in a two‑line intersubspecific hybrid rice‘Liangyoupeijiu’［J］. Acta Agronomica Sinica，2006，32（6）：885‑893.

［11］胡雅杰，曹伟伟，钱海军，等.钵苗机插密度对不同穗型水稻品种产量、株型和抗倒伏能力的影响［J］. 作物学报，2015，41（5）：743‑757.
HU Y J，CAO W W，QIAN H J，et al. Effect of planting density of mechanically transplanted pot seedlings on yield，plant type and lodging resistance in rice with different panicle types［J］.Acta Agronomica Sinica，2015，41（5）：743‑757.

［12］吴文革，陈刚，许有尊，等. 不同类型水稻品种机插适宜行距及株距配置研究［J］. 中国农机化学报，2015，36（2）：41‑46.
WU W G，CHEN G，XU Y Z，et al.Study on the suitable row and hole spacing allocation of different types of rice varieties with mechanical transplanting［J］.Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization，2015，36（2）：41‑46.

［13］王丹英，章秀福，周昌南，等.浙江省水稻产量构成差异调查与合理种植密度分析［J］.浙江农业学报，2010，22（3）：330‑336.
WANG D Y，ZHANG X F，ZHOU C N，et al.Grain yield difference investigation and reasonable planting density analysis of rice production in Zhejing Province［J］.Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis，2010，22（3）：330‑336.

［14］许俊伟，孟天瑶，荆培培，等. 机插密度对不同类型水稻抗倒伏能力及产量的影响［J］.作物学报，2015，41（11）：1767‑1776.
XU J W，MENG T Y，JING P P，et al. Effect of mechanical‑transplanting density on lodging resistance and yield in different types of rice［J］.Acta Agronomica Sinica，2015，41（11）：1767‑1776.

［15］曹亮，黄炳林，王孟雪，等. 株行距及穴苗数的配置对寒地水稻产量和品质的影响［J］.作物杂志，2019（3）：91‑98.
CAO L，HUANG B L，WANG M X，et al. Effects of row spacing and number of seedling per hole on yield and quality of rice in cold regions［J］. Crops，2019（3）：91‑98.

［16］叶全宝，张洪程，李华，等. 施氮水平和栽插密度对粳稻淀粉RVA谱特性的影响［J］. 作物学报，2005，31（1）：124‑130.
YE Q B，ZHANG H C，LI H，et al. Effects of amount of nitrogen applied and planting density on RVA profile characteristic of japonica rice ［J］. Acta Agronomica Sinica，2005，31（1）：124‑130.

［17］王振洋，王冀川，袁杰，等. 不同施氮量与栽插密度对水稻群体生长及产量构成的影响［J］.新疆农业科学，2022，59（12）：2969‑2978.
WANG Z Y，WANG J C，YUAN J，et al. Effects of different nitrogen application rates and planting densities on population growth and yield components of rice［J］. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences，2022，59 （12）：2969‑2978.

［18］魏晓东，张亚东，宋雪梅，等. 超级稻品种南粳5718高产的光合生理特性研究［J］.作物学报，2022，48（11）：2879‑2890.
WEI X D，ZHANG Y D，SONG X M，et al.Photosynthetic physiological characteristics of high yield super rice variety Nanjing 5718［J］.Acta Agronomica Sinica，2022，48（11）：2879‑2890.

［19］李慧，王旭敏，刘苗，等. 基于夏玉米产量和氮素利用的水氮减量方案优选［J］.作物学报，2023，49（5）：1292‑1304.
LI H，WANG X M，LIU M，et al. Water and nitrogen reduction scheme optimization based on yield and nitrogen utilization of summer maize ［J］. Acta Agronomica Sinica，2023，49（5）：1292‑1304.

［20］宋云生，张洪程，戴其根，等. 水稻机栽钵苗单穴苗数对分蘖成穗及产量的影响［J］.农业工程学报，2014，30（10）：37‑47.
SONG Y S，ZHANG H C，DAI Q G，et al. Effect of rice potted‑seedlings per hole by mechanical transplanting on tillers emergence，panicles formation and yield［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering，2014，30（10）：37‑47.

［21］张巍巍，柴永山，孙玉友，等. 密度及插秧株数对水稻品种牡丹江32生长及产量的影响［J］.干旱地区农业研究，2015，33（2）：70‑74.
ZHANG W W，CHAI Y S，SUN Y Y，et al. Effects of transplanting density and population on growth and yield of rice variety Mudanjiang 32［J］.Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas，2015，33（2）：70‑74.

［22］龚金龙，胡雅杰，龙厚元，等. 大穗型杂交粳稻产量构成因素协同特征及穗部性状［J］.中国农业科学，2012，45（11）：2147‑2158.
GONG J L，HU Y J，LONG H Y，et al. Study on collaborating characteristics of grain yield components and panicle traits of large panicle hybrid japonica rice［J］. Scientia Agricultura Sinica，2012，45（11）：2147‑2158.

［23］GE J L，CHEN X，SONG X W，et al. Super hybrid rice improved yield by increasing spikelet amount and
efficiency under optimized density‑nitrogen cultivation ［J］.Field Crops Research，2025，326：109859.

［24］许娜，王嘉宇，李清，等. 每穴苗数对北方不同穗型粳稻物质生产和抗倒伏能力的影响［J］.作物学报，2014，40（8）：1506‑1512.
XU N，WANG J Y，LI Q，et al. Effects of seedlings per hole on matter production characteristics and lodging resistance in japonica rice with different panicle types［J］. Acta Agronomica Sinica，2014，40（8）：1506‑1512.

［25］陈书强，杨丽敏，赵海新，等.株行距配置和插植苗数对寒地水稻产量和倒伏性状的影响［J］.浙江农业学报，2016，28（3）：371‑377.
CHEN S Q，YANG L M，ZHAO H X，et al. Effects of plant spacing，row spacing and number of seedlings per hole on yield and lodging traits of rice in cold region［J］.Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis，2016，28 （3）：371‑377. ［26］潘圣刚.农艺措施对杂交中稻群体结构影响及调控研究［D］.武汉：华中农业大学，2007.
PAN S G.Effects of agronomic measures on population structure of mid‑season hybrid rice and its regulation［D］.Wuhan：Huazhong Agricultural University，2007.

［27］胡雅杰. 机插方式和密度对不同穗型水稻品种生产力及其形成的影响［D］.扬州：扬州大学，2016.
HU Y J. Effects of mechanical transplanting methods and densities on productivity and formation of rice varieties with different panicle types［D］. Yangzhou：Yangzhou University，2016.

［28］刘秋员，陶钰，程爽，等. 不同直链淀粉与蛋白质含量类型粳稻稻米品质特征［J］.食品科技，2022，47（11）：150‑158.
LIU Q Y，TAO Y，CHENG S，et al. Rice quality characteristics of japonica rice varieties with different amylose and protein content［J］.Food Science and Technology，2022，47（11）：150‑158.

［29］董啸波. 密度对南方双季晚粳稻产量和群体质量及品质的影响［D］. 扬州：扬州大学，2013.
DONG X B. Effects of density on yield，population quality and quality of double cropping late japonica rice in South China［D］.Yangzhou： Yangzhou University，2013.

［30］程效义，徐海，马作斌，等.施氮量与栽插密度对粳稻稻米品质的影响［J］.杂交水稻，2011，26（5）：77‑80.
CHENG X Y，XU H，MA Z B，et al. Effects of nitrogen rate and transplanting density on grain quality of japonica rice［J］. Hybrid Rice，2011，26（5）：77‑80.

［31］彭显龙，车俊杰，宋聪，等. 确定经济合理施氮量的新方法：基于施氮量与稻米产量效应函数［J］. 植物营养与肥料学报，2022，28（7）：1182‑1193.
PENG X L，CHE J J，SONG C，et al. A new method for determining the economic optimum nitrogen application rate：Fertilizer function based on nitrogen rate and milled rice yield［J］. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers，2022，28（7）：1182‑1193.

［32］兰宇辰，郭晓红，李猛，等. 施氮量与移栽密度互作对垦粳7号稻米品质的影响［J］. 中国农业科技导报，2021，23（1）：136‑145.
LAN Y C，GUO X H，LI M，et al. Influences of the interaction between nitrogen fertilizer application rate and transpanting density on Kenjing 7 rice quality［J］.Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology，2021，23（1）：136‑145.

［33］仵峰，高兴杰，宰松梅，等. 基于层次分析法和熵权法的微灌过滤器模糊综合评价［J］.节水灌溉，2025（3）：77‑83.
WU F，GAO X J，ZAI S M，et al.Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of micro‑irrigation filter based on AHP and entropy weight method［J］.Water Saving Irrigation，2025（3）：77‑83.

[1]	ZHANG Suyu, LIU Hongjie, REN Dechao, YANG Mingda, GE Jun, ZHAO Jingling, ZHU Peipei, ZHENG Dongfang. Effects of Exogenous Regulators on Superior and Inferior Grain Filling and Yield of Wheat [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(9): 23-33.
[2]	YAO Huina, LI Junfei, NIU Yingying, FENG Shuang, JIANG Yaling, LI Ke, GAO Weiwei. Agronomic Traits and Quality Differences of Different Provenances of Corydalis yanhusuo Planted in Henan Province [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(9): 84-90.
[3]	YAO Danjun, LIAO Heng, ZHANG Qin, KUANG Shengjian, LIANG Yanfei, ZHANG Aihua, QIN Song, ZHU Qing. Effects of Different Green Manure Varieties and Sowing Times on the Growth，Soil Enzyme Activity，and Microbial Diversity of Chili Pepper in Guizhou [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(9): 91-102.
[4]	CHEN Zhen, GUAN Qinglin, LIU Huabing, JIANG Jian, LU Xinbo, DONG Shuya, WU Yunjie, WU Jian. Quality Analysis of Heated Cigarette Raw Materials in Different Producing Areas Based on Metabonomics [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(9): 159-170.
[5]	YANG Xin, LI Yanhong, NIE Jun, XIE Yuming, SHI Liangliang, ZHENG Jinrong. Effect of Different LED Light Formulations in Seedlings Raising on the Growth and Yield of Cherry Tomato [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(8): 140-150.
[6]	LIU Xinglin, LIU Yuan, YANG Fan, LIU Buchun, HAN Rui. Research on County‑Level Yield Simulation of Winter Wheat in Henan Province Based on Machine Learning Algorithms [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(8): 167-180.
[7]	XU Yi, CHEN Xiaoyang, NIU Jingwei, LIU Qing, JIANG Jinpeng. Research Progress on the Quantity，Quality and Ecological Regulation Technology of Damaged Arable Land in Coal Mining Areas of the Huaihe River Basin [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(8): 1-14.
[8]	MA Shangying, XIA Tingting, HAN Pengbin, ZHANG Mengjiao, MAO Yingjie, WANG Zhiqiang, XIN Zeyu, LIN Tongbao, LIAN Yanhao, REN Yongzhe. Effects of Application Rate and Method of Nitrogen on Winter Wheat Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization，Yield and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Residue under Wide‑Narrow Row Planting [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(8): 38-50.
[9]	WANG Shujun, XING Lu. Analysis of Foxtail Millet Regional Trials Based on BLUP and GGE Biplot [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(8): 51-59.
[10]	QIAN Jiancai, ZHU Yufei, DAN Dongchun, HUANG Wuxing, ZHANG Li. Effects of Different Ridging Time on Growth Period and Quality of Flue‑cured Tobacco in Luoyang Tobacco Growing Area [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(8): 60-68.
[11]	JIN Jianghua, XIA Bing, LI Xu, YU Dapeng, GUO Wei, CHEN Tao, WU Wenxin, LI Sijun, WANG Xinyue, HUANG Jie, DENG Xiaohua. Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of Leaf Quality and Economic Traits of Paddy‑Stubble Tobacco with Root Zone Application of Microbial Fertilizer [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(8): 82-91.
[12]	CHENG Zhouqi, LIU Yuwu, ZHUO Le, QIU Lin, YI Zhenxie. Effects of Nitrogen‑Silicon Combined Application on Rice Planthopper Occurrence and Rice Yield in Double‑Cropping Rice Field [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(8): 92-101.
[13]	CAI Zongcheng, LÜ Liangyu, LIU Qingqing, ZHANG Hairong, LI Fayi, BAO Shancun, FU Shouquan, SHI Jianjun. Effect of Fertilization and Planting Density on Yield，Quality of Oat Forage and Soil Physicochemical Property [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(7): 30-39.
[14]	WANG Wenxia, LIU Yuqi, XIA Qing, ZHI Hui, DU Jie. The Impact of Exogenous Selenium on the Physiological Characteristics of Flax under Drought Stress [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(7): 55-63.
[15]	LIU Yuwu, ZHUO Le, CHENG Zhouqi, QIU Lin, LI Youzhi, TU Naimei, YI Zhenxie. Effects of Water Management Method on Yield and Rice Planthopper Occurrence of Double‑Cropping Rice [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 54(7): 98-106.