Abstract: Using Zhoumai 22 as the experimental material，a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different organic materials［straw（S），chicken manure（M），mushroom residue（MR）and biochar（B）］on the contents of total starch，amylose，amylopectin，total protein，glutenin，prolamin，albumin，globulin，phosphorus（P），potassium（K），calcium（Ca），iron（Fe）and zinc（Zn）of winter wheat grain under different irrigation regimes［full irrigation（FI，45 mm per irrigation）and deficit irrigation（DI，33.75 mm per irrigation）］，so as to provide theoretical and technical support for water‑saving and high‑quality winter wheat production. The results showed that，compared with full irrigation，under deficit irrigation condition，biochar treatment exhibited the best improvement effect on total starch content，amylopectin content，glutenin content and Fe content，with increases of 19.49%，23.55%，22.41% and 98.09%，respectively；mushroom residue treatment had the best enhancement effect on prolamin content，albumin content and globulin content，with increases of 17.20%，9.67% and 24.37%，respectively；chicken manure treatment had the best enhancement effect on total protein content，Zn content and Ca content，with increases of 5.80%，31.06% and 28.71%，respectively. Under deficit irrigation condition，compared with straw treatment，biochar treatment had the best enhancement effect on total starch content，amylopectin content and prolamin content，with increases of 15.83%，21.30% and 25.00%，respectively；mushroom residue treatment had the best enhancement effect on globulin content，with an increase of 30.20%；chicken manure treatment had the best enhancement effect on total protein content，glutenin content，albumin content and Fe content，with increases of 5.63%，10.39%，18.11% and 72.90%，respectively. Under full irrigation condition，compared with straw treatment，biochar treatment had the best enhancement effect on prolamin content；chicken manure treatment had the best enhancement effect on total starch content，amylopectin content，total protein content，glutenin content，albumin content，globulin content and Fe content. Overall，under deficit irrigation condition，biochar and chicken manure have better effect，which can effectively modulate the biosynthesis and accumulation of starch，proteins and Fe in wheat grains，thereby substantially improving grain nutritional quality.

Key words: Winter wheat, Organic material, Regulated deficit irrigation, Grain, Nutritional quality

摘要： 以周麦22为试验材料，通过田间试验研究不同有机物料［秸秆（S）、鸡粪（M）、菌渣（MR）和生物炭（B）］对不同灌溉条件［充分灌溉（FI，每次灌溉量45 mm）和调亏灌溉（DI，每次灌溉量33.75 mm）］下冬小麦籽粒总淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉、总蛋白质、谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白、清蛋白、球蛋白、磷（P）、钾（K）、钙（Ca）、铁（Fe）、锌（Zn）含量等营养品质指标的影响，为节水优质冬小麦生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。结果表明，与充分灌溉相比，调亏灌溉条件下生物炭处理对总淀粉、支链淀粉、谷蛋白、Fe含量的提升效果最好，分别提高了19.49%、23.55%、22.41%、98.09%；菌渣处理对醇溶蛋白、清蛋白、球蛋白含量的提升效果最佳，分别提高了17.20%、9.67%、24.37%；鸡粪处理对总蛋白质、Zn、Ca含量提升效果最佳，分别提高了5.80%、31.06%、28.71%。在调亏灌溉条件下，与秸秆处理相比，生物炭处理对总淀粉、支链淀粉、醇溶蛋白含量提升效果最佳，分别提高了15.83%、21.30%、25.00%；菌渣处理对球蛋白含量的提升效果最佳，提高了30.20%；鸡粪处理对总蛋白质、谷蛋白、清蛋白、Fe含量的提升效果最佳，分别提高了5.63%、10.39%、18.11%、72.90%。在充分灌溉条件下，与秸秆处理相比，生物炭处理对醇溶蛋白含量的提升效果最佳，鸡粪处理对总淀粉、支链淀粉、总蛋白质、谷蛋白、清蛋白、球蛋白、Fe含量的提升效果最佳。综上，在调亏灌溉条件下，施用生物炭、鸡粪效果较好，可促进冬小麦籽粒淀粉、蛋白质、Fe的合成与积累，从而改善籽粒营养品质。

关键词: 冬小麦, 有机物料, 调亏灌溉, 籽粒, 营养品质